CA2000630C - Systemic animal repellant tablets - Google Patents
Systemic animal repellant tabletsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2000630C CA2000630C CA 2000630 CA2000630A CA2000630C CA 2000630 C CA2000630 C CA 2000630C CA 2000630 CA2000630 CA 2000630 CA 2000630 A CA2000630 A CA 2000630A CA 2000630 C CA2000630 C CA 2000630C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tablet
- browsing
- seedlings
- weight
- shrubbery
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Abstract
CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS COMPRESSED IN PILL FORM TO DISCOURAGE DAMAGE BY BROWSING,GRAZING AND GNAWING ANIMALS AND BIRDS.
Description
r 2 n ~ 3 a~
TABLET FORMULATION TO DETER ANIMALS FROM EATING AND/OR
BROWSING ON TREE SEEDLINGS AND OTHER PLANT LIFE
This invention relates to a combination of chemicals and compounds in a tablet form that will by systemic uptake through the roots cause trees and plants to become bitter and distasteful.
There are a number of m~mm~l s/bird in every forest. Many of these animals are beneficial, assisting in the dispersal of seeds and important fungi, devouring insects and contributing to the recreational and economic value of the forests. However, a number of these bird and m~mm~l species inflict serious damage to both seedlings and more mature trees. This damage takes the form of consumption and uprooting of seedlings, gnawing and stripping of bark, removal of foliage and clipping of twigs. Such damage can delay forest maturation, alter species composition, cause later deformation of adult trees, and in general drastically increase the cost of forest planting and maintenance, while decreasing the value of harvested lumber.
A number of techniques have been used to control or prevent animal damage to forest plantations. The effectiveness of any technique depended on:
~ How well it is applied.
~ How appropriate it is for the situation.
~ The availability of alternate food sources to the damaging animal.
~ How desirable these alternate food sources are relative to the trees being protected.
Damage may be prevented by excluding the offending animals from the plantation. Fencing has been tried, but it is expensive in materials and labour, and requires regular inspection and maintenance. In some cases, the deer/elk can jump over the fence itself.
~, ,.
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TABLET FORMULATION TO DETER ANIMALS FROM EATING AND/OR
BROWSING ON TREE SEEDLINGS AND OTHER PLANT LIFE
This invention relates to a combination of chemicals and compounds in a tablet form that will by systemic uptake through the roots cause trees and plants to become bitter and distasteful.
There are a number of m~mm~l s/bird in every forest. Many of these animals are beneficial, assisting in the dispersal of seeds and important fungi, devouring insects and contributing to the recreational and economic value of the forests. However, a number of these bird and m~mm~l species inflict serious damage to both seedlings and more mature trees. This damage takes the form of consumption and uprooting of seedlings, gnawing and stripping of bark, removal of foliage and clipping of twigs. Such damage can delay forest maturation, alter species composition, cause later deformation of adult trees, and in general drastically increase the cost of forest planting and maintenance, while decreasing the value of harvested lumber.
A number of techniques have been used to control or prevent animal damage to forest plantations. The effectiveness of any technique depended on:
~ How well it is applied.
~ How appropriate it is for the situation.
~ The availability of alternate food sources to the damaging animal.
~ How desirable these alternate food sources are relative to the trees being protected.
Damage may be prevented by excluding the offending animals from the plantation. Fencing has been tried, but it is expensive in materials and labour, and requires regular inspection and maintenance. In some cases, the deer/elk can jump over the fence itself.
~, ,.
~'
2 ~ 2 ~ 3 ~
Plastic mesh tubing has been used to protect seedlings from damage by small animals. Velar tubing has been tested, with leader (main shoot) placement, with some reduction of damage. Browsing to lateral branches was not deterred.
In another test case, wax paper was clipped to the leader of trees in an effort to discourage browsing. There was some reduction in damage, but upon emergence from the wax paper, the leader became vulnerable to browsing damage again.
Other test methods include the use of milk cartons placed over the top of seedlings, and cardboard cylinders with moth balls. Both trials were unsuccessful.
Sprayed liquid or dusted powder repellents have been used to discourage animals from feeding/browsing on seedlings in the past. However, effectiveness is limited due to low residency and the washing effect of rainfall and dew.
Other ideas for decreased damage include the use of alternate forage of a more suitable type. However, this food stuff would have to be available all year round and would greatly add to the cost of forest replanting programs.
Another animal that is causing serious concern are the voles. Damage consists of barking and cambium injuries to the stems, branches and roots of Douglas Fir, Western White Pine and Cottonwood seedlings. Protection methods against this pest consist mainly of wrapping the stems or trunks with a variety of materials ranging from tin foil through plastic and hardware mesh. These methods are all very expensive.
All current research reports and publications indicate that seedlings and more mature trees are not normally the preferred food stuff. However, when forced by lack of more suitable food, and population pressures, browsing and gnawing animals will consume all or portions of many species ~; of seedling trees.
~ 2 ~ ~ O ~ 3 1~
In British Columbia alone, the amount of damage is estimated by Forest management Organizations, to be anywhere between 30~-100~ (Queen Charlottes) of total plantings. Protection and/or replanting can nearly double the cost per seedling per hectacre.
A method of decreasing this damage, the main object of the present invention, involves the application of leach-resistant tablets that slowly release browsing deterrents into the root system of susceptible seedlings, plants and ornamental shrubbery. This tablet can be applied during initial growth in tree farms, or at the time of transplanting into the field.
Another object is to provide a tablet which is totally biodegradable, non-phytotoxic and contains fertilizers that promote seedling, plant or shrubbery growth in the first crucial year of growth.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an anti-browsing tablet weighing at least one-half gramme, for slowly feeding susceptible seedlings of at least one of conifers, deciduous trees, shrubbery and ornamental plants at least during the first crucial year of growth, and consisting of a tableted intimate mixture of solid particles comprising, at least one browsing-deterrent substance, in an amount of up to about 12.0~ by weight of the tablet, the effect of which is to impart a bitter or unpleasant taste to the seedlings by systemic uptake, and a combination of N-P-K based fertilisers in an amount sufficient for promotion of growth of a selected one of said seedlings during at least said first year.
According to another aspect, this invention relates to a method of controlling animal browsing/gnawing on seedlings of at least one of deciduous trees, shrubbery and ornamental plants at least during the first crucial year of growth, comprising placing into the root zone at least one tablet of the present invention at the time of planting or transplanting said seedlings.
,.
Plastic mesh tubing has been used to protect seedlings from damage by small animals. Velar tubing has been tested, with leader (main shoot) placement, with some reduction of damage. Browsing to lateral branches was not deterred.
In another test case, wax paper was clipped to the leader of trees in an effort to discourage browsing. There was some reduction in damage, but upon emergence from the wax paper, the leader became vulnerable to browsing damage again.
Other test methods include the use of milk cartons placed over the top of seedlings, and cardboard cylinders with moth balls. Both trials were unsuccessful.
Sprayed liquid or dusted powder repellents have been used to discourage animals from feeding/browsing on seedlings in the past. However, effectiveness is limited due to low residency and the washing effect of rainfall and dew.
Other ideas for decreased damage include the use of alternate forage of a more suitable type. However, this food stuff would have to be available all year round and would greatly add to the cost of forest replanting programs.
Another animal that is causing serious concern are the voles. Damage consists of barking and cambium injuries to the stems, branches and roots of Douglas Fir, Western White Pine and Cottonwood seedlings. Protection methods against this pest consist mainly of wrapping the stems or trunks with a variety of materials ranging from tin foil through plastic and hardware mesh. These methods are all very expensive.
All current research reports and publications indicate that seedlings and more mature trees are not normally the preferred food stuff. However, when forced by lack of more suitable food, and population pressures, browsing and gnawing animals will consume all or portions of many species ~; of seedling trees.
~ 2 ~ ~ O ~ 3 1~
In British Columbia alone, the amount of damage is estimated by Forest management Organizations, to be anywhere between 30~-100~ (Queen Charlottes) of total plantings. Protection and/or replanting can nearly double the cost per seedling per hectacre.
A method of decreasing this damage, the main object of the present invention, involves the application of leach-resistant tablets that slowly release browsing deterrents into the root system of susceptible seedlings, plants and ornamental shrubbery. This tablet can be applied during initial growth in tree farms, or at the time of transplanting into the field.
Another object is to provide a tablet which is totally biodegradable, non-phytotoxic and contains fertilizers that promote seedling, plant or shrubbery growth in the first crucial year of growth.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an anti-browsing tablet weighing at least one-half gramme, for slowly feeding susceptible seedlings of at least one of conifers, deciduous trees, shrubbery and ornamental plants at least during the first crucial year of growth, and consisting of a tableted intimate mixture of solid particles comprising, at least one browsing-deterrent substance, in an amount of up to about 12.0~ by weight of the tablet, the effect of which is to impart a bitter or unpleasant taste to the seedlings by systemic uptake, and a combination of N-P-K based fertilisers in an amount sufficient for promotion of growth of a selected one of said seedlings during at least said first year.
According to another aspect, this invention relates to a method of controlling animal browsing/gnawing on seedlings of at least one of deciduous trees, shrubbery and ornamental plants at least during the first crucial year of growth, comprising placing into the root zone at least one tablet of the present invention at the time of planting or transplanting said seedlings.
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This invention further relates to a method of controlling animal browsing/grazing specifically on conifer seedlings in the greenhouse or as newly transplanted in a nursery or forest plantation, comprising placing into the root zone, at least one tablet of the present invention.
According to one aspect, the invention consists of a compound such as the following:
-- --NHCOCH2N+Et2CHPh COO
_ ~ C~3 _ ~
which is present at a concentration of from 8.0~ to 12.0~ by weight of the tablet.
This compound when dry mixed with the proper binders, lubricants, disintegrants and compressed into a table form; can be applied to the root system of susceptible seedlings, resulting in decreased browsing damage following tablet disintegration and 3yst "'/
This invention further relates to a method of controlling animal browsing/grazing specifically on conifer seedlings in the greenhouse or as newly transplanted in a nursery or forest plantation, comprising placing into the root zone, at least one tablet of the present invention.
According to one aspect, the invention consists of a compound such as the following:
-- --NHCOCH2N+Et2CHPh COO
_ ~ C~3 _ ~
which is present at a concentration of from 8.0~ to 12.0~ by weight of the tablet.
This compound when dry mixed with the proper binders, lubricants, disintegrants and compressed into a table form; can be applied to the root system of susceptible seedlings, resulting in decreased browsing damage following tablet disintegration and 3yst "'/
4 ~ 2 0 0 0 6 3 ~ ' This substance is known to be the most bitter substance available to man. It is currently used as a deterrent, in toxic substances, to avoid accidental ingestion. This fact, along with its total solubility in cold water, allows systemic uptake and resulting bitter tasting foliage. At the same time, this substance has a very low toxicity, as seen by LDso (rat) of 584 mg/kg body weight.
Within the above class of deterrent compounds, other compounds such as the Quaternary Salts of Organic Carboxylic Anions with a Quaternary Organic Ammonium Cation of the general formula:
(I) CH3 ~ R1 may be applied as stated herein earlier in a tablet form to produce the desired bitter or unpleasant taste. Preferred bitter substances are those quaternary organic carboxylates represented by the general formula:
(II) CH3 ~ R1 _ ~ CH3 \ R3 R4-COO
In the above formula:
~ Rl: represents a benzyl(phenyl-methyl) or chlorobenzyl (chlorobenzyl methyl) radical, such as O or P
chlorobenzyl.
Within the above class of deterrent compounds, other compounds such as the Quaternary Salts of Organic Carboxylic Anions with a Quaternary Organic Ammonium Cation of the general formula:
(I) CH3 ~ R1 may be applied as stated herein earlier in a tablet form to produce the desired bitter or unpleasant taste. Preferred bitter substances are those quaternary organic carboxylates represented by the general formula:
(II) CH3 ~ R1 _ ~ CH3 \ R3 R4-COO
In the above formula:
~ Rl: represents a benzyl(phenyl-methyl) or chlorobenzyl (chlorobenzyl methyl) radical, such as O or P
chlorobenzyl.
5 ~2U0~3 ~
~ R2/R3: represent alkyl radicals containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
~ R4: represents a phenyl group or substituted phenyl group.
The Quaternary Salts of cations of Formula I, such as Formula II, wherein R2 and R3 represent ethyl groups, are derived from diethylamino-2,6-dimethylacetanilide, hereinafter called lignocaine. The preferred quaternary carboxylates are those derived from lignocaine, especially lignocaine benzyl benzoate and lignocaine chlorobenzyl benzoate.
All of the above mentioned Quaternary Carboxylates, used in the present invention have an extremely bitter taste which is apparent in solution of very low concentrations. This renders them particularly suitable for use as deterrents in relation to this invention.
According to another aspect of this invention, a substance such as C6HsSH (thiophenol) which when placed in a solution with the other tablet ingredients of this invention, will solubilize and cause the seedlings to have an odour that is unattractive to browsing and gnawing animals, upon systemic uptake through the presence of water.
Weak H+ bond SH H-S----------H H
l + H2O I O
This family of compounds, incorporating the -SH thiol group is noted for its average 100% recognition thresholds between 0.2 and 35 parts per billion air. Therefore according to another aspect of this invention, the incorporation of the ., ~
~ R2/R3: represent alkyl radicals containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
~ R4: represents a phenyl group or substituted phenyl group.
The Quaternary Salts of cations of Formula I, such as Formula II, wherein R2 and R3 represent ethyl groups, are derived from diethylamino-2,6-dimethylacetanilide, hereinafter called lignocaine. The preferred quaternary carboxylates are those derived from lignocaine, especially lignocaine benzyl benzoate and lignocaine chlorobenzyl benzoate.
All of the above mentioned Quaternary Carboxylates, used in the present invention have an extremely bitter taste which is apparent in solution of very low concentrations. This renders them particularly suitable for use as deterrents in relation to this invention.
According to another aspect of this invention, a substance such as C6HsSH (thiophenol) which when placed in a solution with the other tablet ingredients of this invention, will solubilize and cause the seedlings to have an odour that is unattractive to browsing and gnawing animals, upon systemic uptake through the presence of water.
Weak H+ bond SH H-S----------H H
l + H2O I O
This family of compounds, incorporating the -SH thiol group is noted for its average 100% recognition thresholds between 0.2 and 35 parts per billion air. Therefore according to another aspect of this invention, the incorporation of the ., ~
6 ~ 3 ~
following compounds in various concentrations will produce browsing deterrency, in a tablet form, with the proper binders, lubricants and disintegrants:
COMPOUNDS 100~ ODOUR
CONCENTRATION
RECOGNITION
( CH3 ) 2CHCH2CH2SH O . 2 0 ppb CH3SH 35 . O ppb CH3CH2SH 2 . O ppb CH3CH2CHSH 0.70 ppb ( CH3 ) 2CHSHO . 2 0 ppb CH3CH2CH2CH2SHO . 8 0 ppb (CH3) 2CHCH2SHO . 83 ppb (CH3) 3CSHO . 81 ppb C6HsCH3SH 2 . O ppb According to another aspect of this invention, a substance such as C20H32NO4S, may be placed along with the other deterrents into the tablet formulation. Microbial breakdown with moisture will give the treated seedlings a bitter, burning taste to browsing, gnawing animals. The compound resembles the basic hydrophobic head and hydrophilic tails of all cell membranes:
CH2NHCO(CH2)gCH=CHCH
Compound B ¦ \ CH3 ~ CH3 \~ OCH20=~
¦ CH3 OH
Basic uptake of this molecule across root membranes would involve a bilayer "flip" or the use of specific porins via facilitated diffusion.
~ ,J
3 ~
specific porin protein:
~/ C2oH32NO4s O Q ~ Q 2 \ ,~ ~
// HYDROPHOBIC
~ HYDROPHILIC
Binding of C20H32NO4S onto Bilayer and Porin ~ 5~
2 Q~Q Q
)~
Momentary "flip" of membrane bilayer allowing C20H32NO4S to enter ~ 2 o' ~
Hydrophobic/Hydrophobic interactions cause inward movement of molecule ~
~G~ Q Q
G ~ ~, ov-o~ o~
r INSIDE
8 ~D 2 ~
Once inside the cell membrane, the molecule is transported through xylem/phloem transport to all aspects of the seedling foliage and structure.
According to the second object of the present invention, the incorporation of specific fertilizers, are present to increase the growth of transplanted seedlings during the first crucial year of growth.
The present invention provides a long-lasting, slowly soluble fertilizer composition 18-6-12, tableted with the aid of a water-soluble binder, which dissolves readily when water is applied, so that the tablet breaks up easily.
The 18-6-12 composition is available specifically for conifers and for all other botanical applications. For other than conifer, the basic fertilizer composition would lnvolve:
~ by weight UREA (45-0-0) 38.0 MURIATE OF POTASH (0-0-62) 19.30 TRIPLE PHOSPHATE (0-45-0) 13.30 BINDERS, DETERRENTS, ETC 29.4 TOTAL 100~
Since most conifers are unable to properly metabolize urea as a nitrogen source, plus the increased growth of various root rotting fungi on urea; the following 18-6-12 fertilizer composition for conifers is used:
~ by weight AMMONIUM NITRATE (34-0-0) 45-9 MURIATE OF POTASH (0-0-62) 19.3 DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE (21-53-0) 11.3 BINDERS, DETERRENTS ETC 23.5 -9 ~ 3 ~
This combination of compounds produces a totally water-soluble fertilizer composition that is available to the seedlings almost immediately upon rainfall. For a longer lasting fertilizer, the following would be used:
~ by weight AMMONIUM NITRATE (34-0-0) 52.9 MURIATE OF POTASH (0-0-62) 19.3 TRIPLE SUPER PHOSPHATE (0-45-0) 13.3 10 BINDERS, DETERRENTS ETC 14.5 TOTAL 100~
According to another aspect of this invention, there is a need for a lubrication ingredient to continually protect from abrasive wear, the metal surfaces of the tableting equipment that come in contact with the materials being tableted, to facilitate the compression of the tablets, and to enable proper extraction of the tablets from the dies in which the tablets are formed. At the same time, this material must not waterproof the tablet. The preferred material here is talc.
The following examples show what can be done:
An anti-browsing/gnawing deterrent tablet of this invention is made from the following components:
~ by weight COMPOUND A DETERRENT 10.4 30 THIOPHENOL/SH-THIOL GROUP) 2.0 COMPOUND B C18 H22NO3 4.0 UREA (45-0-0) 38.0 MURIATE OF POTASH (0-0-62) 19.3 TRIPLE PHOSPHATE (0-45-0) 13.3 35 LACTOSE BINDER 10.0 TALC 2.0 MAGNESIUM STEARATE 1.0 lo '~ ~ ~ O O ~ 3 ~
The composition is thoroughly mixed dry and then is pelleted dry into tablets, which may be from 1/2 gram to about 30 grams in size. The talc acts as a tablet lubricant during manufacture, ensuring release from the tableting cavity without acting to water proof the tablet.
The above formula is a scientifically balanced low-toxicity plant fertilizer/deterrent tablet with long-lasting characteristics that meet the problems of animal browsing on deciduous trees, shrubbery and ornamental plants.
A tablet oriented specifically for conifer seedlings, for greenhouse or transplantation into the field. Basically the fertilizer compositions are totally water-soluble and immediately available. They also play a role in anti-root rot activity present in may susceptible conifer species.
This tablet is made of the following components:
% by weight COMPOUND A DETERRENT 8.0 THIOL FAMILY COMPOUND 2.0 COMPOUND B DETERRENT 2.0 25 AMMONIUM NITRATE (34-0-0) 45.9 MURIATE OF POTASH (0-0-62) 19.3 DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE (21-53-0) 11.3 LACTOSE BINDER 8.5 TALC 2.0 30 MAGNESIUM STEARATE 1.0 TOTAL 100~
This mixture is used in the same manner as the formulation in Example 1, and can be created to disintegrate faster through the use of various calcium and sodium based compounds that react with water.
" .
following compounds in various concentrations will produce browsing deterrency, in a tablet form, with the proper binders, lubricants and disintegrants:
COMPOUNDS 100~ ODOUR
CONCENTRATION
RECOGNITION
( CH3 ) 2CHCH2CH2SH O . 2 0 ppb CH3SH 35 . O ppb CH3CH2SH 2 . O ppb CH3CH2CHSH 0.70 ppb ( CH3 ) 2CHSHO . 2 0 ppb CH3CH2CH2CH2SHO . 8 0 ppb (CH3) 2CHCH2SHO . 83 ppb (CH3) 3CSHO . 81 ppb C6HsCH3SH 2 . O ppb According to another aspect of this invention, a substance such as C20H32NO4S, may be placed along with the other deterrents into the tablet formulation. Microbial breakdown with moisture will give the treated seedlings a bitter, burning taste to browsing, gnawing animals. The compound resembles the basic hydrophobic head and hydrophilic tails of all cell membranes:
CH2NHCO(CH2)gCH=CHCH
Compound B ¦ \ CH3 ~ CH3 \~ OCH20=~
¦ CH3 OH
Basic uptake of this molecule across root membranes would involve a bilayer "flip" or the use of specific porins via facilitated diffusion.
~ ,J
3 ~
specific porin protein:
~/ C2oH32NO4s O Q ~ Q 2 \ ,~ ~
// HYDROPHOBIC
~ HYDROPHILIC
Binding of C20H32NO4S onto Bilayer and Porin ~ 5~
2 Q~Q Q
)~
Momentary "flip" of membrane bilayer allowing C20H32NO4S to enter ~ 2 o' ~
Hydrophobic/Hydrophobic interactions cause inward movement of molecule ~
~G~ Q Q
G ~ ~, ov-o~ o~
r INSIDE
8 ~D 2 ~
Once inside the cell membrane, the molecule is transported through xylem/phloem transport to all aspects of the seedling foliage and structure.
According to the second object of the present invention, the incorporation of specific fertilizers, are present to increase the growth of transplanted seedlings during the first crucial year of growth.
The present invention provides a long-lasting, slowly soluble fertilizer composition 18-6-12, tableted with the aid of a water-soluble binder, which dissolves readily when water is applied, so that the tablet breaks up easily.
The 18-6-12 composition is available specifically for conifers and for all other botanical applications. For other than conifer, the basic fertilizer composition would lnvolve:
~ by weight UREA (45-0-0) 38.0 MURIATE OF POTASH (0-0-62) 19.30 TRIPLE PHOSPHATE (0-45-0) 13.30 BINDERS, DETERRENTS, ETC 29.4 TOTAL 100~
Since most conifers are unable to properly metabolize urea as a nitrogen source, plus the increased growth of various root rotting fungi on urea; the following 18-6-12 fertilizer composition for conifers is used:
~ by weight AMMONIUM NITRATE (34-0-0) 45-9 MURIATE OF POTASH (0-0-62) 19.3 DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE (21-53-0) 11.3 BINDERS, DETERRENTS ETC 23.5 -9 ~ 3 ~
This combination of compounds produces a totally water-soluble fertilizer composition that is available to the seedlings almost immediately upon rainfall. For a longer lasting fertilizer, the following would be used:
~ by weight AMMONIUM NITRATE (34-0-0) 52.9 MURIATE OF POTASH (0-0-62) 19.3 TRIPLE SUPER PHOSPHATE (0-45-0) 13.3 10 BINDERS, DETERRENTS ETC 14.5 TOTAL 100~
According to another aspect of this invention, there is a need for a lubrication ingredient to continually protect from abrasive wear, the metal surfaces of the tableting equipment that come in contact with the materials being tableted, to facilitate the compression of the tablets, and to enable proper extraction of the tablets from the dies in which the tablets are formed. At the same time, this material must not waterproof the tablet. The preferred material here is talc.
The following examples show what can be done:
An anti-browsing/gnawing deterrent tablet of this invention is made from the following components:
~ by weight COMPOUND A DETERRENT 10.4 30 THIOPHENOL/SH-THIOL GROUP) 2.0 COMPOUND B C18 H22NO3 4.0 UREA (45-0-0) 38.0 MURIATE OF POTASH (0-0-62) 19.3 TRIPLE PHOSPHATE (0-45-0) 13.3 35 LACTOSE BINDER 10.0 TALC 2.0 MAGNESIUM STEARATE 1.0 lo '~ ~ ~ O O ~ 3 ~
The composition is thoroughly mixed dry and then is pelleted dry into tablets, which may be from 1/2 gram to about 30 grams in size. The talc acts as a tablet lubricant during manufacture, ensuring release from the tableting cavity without acting to water proof the tablet.
The above formula is a scientifically balanced low-toxicity plant fertilizer/deterrent tablet with long-lasting characteristics that meet the problems of animal browsing on deciduous trees, shrubbery and ornamental plants.
A tablet oriented specifically for conifer seedlings, for greenhouse or transplantation into the field. Basically the fertilizer compositions are totally water-soluble and immediately available. They also play a role in anti-root rot activity present in may susceptible conifer species.
This tablet is made of the following components:
% by weight COMPOUND A DETERRENT 8.0 THIOL FAMILY COMPOUND 2.0 COMPOUND B DETERRENT 2.0 25 AMMONIUM NITRATE (34-0-0) 45.9 MURIATE OF POTASH (0-0-62) 19.3 DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE (21-53-0) 11.3 LACTOSE BINDER 8.5 TALC 2.0 30 MAGNESIUM STEARATE 1.0 TOTAL 100~
This mixture is used in the same manner as the formulation in Example 1, and can be created to disintegrate faster through the use of various calcium and sodium based compounds that react with water.
" .
Claims (14)
1. An anti-browsing tablet weighing at least one-half gramme, for slowly feeding susceptible seedlings of at least one of conifers, deciduous trees, shrubbery and ornamental plants at least during the first crucial year of growth, and consisting of a tableted intimate mixture of solid particles comprising, at least one browsing-deterrent substance, in an amount of up to about 12.0% by weight of the tablet, the effect of which is to impart a bitter or unpleasant taste to the seedlings by systemic uptake, and a combination of N-P-K based fertilisers in an amount sufficient for promotion of growth of a selected one of said seedlings during at least said first year.
2. An anti-browsing tablet as claimed in claim 1 wherein the tablet is formed with a tableting aid selected from the group consisting of binders, lubricants, and disintegrants with the proviso that the selected tableting lubricant is one which does not interfere with water penetration and disintegration of the tablet.
3. An anti-browsing tablet as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the deterrent substance is a thiol which is present in an amount of up to 2.0% by weight of the tablet.
4. An anti-browsing tablet as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the deterrent substance is a thiol selected from the group consisting of CH3SH, CH3CH2SH, CH3CH2CH2SH, CH3CH2CH2CH2SH, (CH3)2CHSH, (CH3)2CHCH2SH, (CH3)2CHCH2CH2SH, (CH3)3CSH and C6H5CH3SH.
5. An anti-browsing tablet as claimed in claim 1 wherein the browsing deterrent substance is which is present at a concentration of from 8.0% to 12.0% by weight of the tablet.
6. An anti-browsing tablet as claimed in claim 1 wherein the browsing deterrent substance is C20H32NO4S
which is present at a concentration of from 2.0% to 5.0% by weight of the tablet.
which is present at a concentration of from 2.0% to 5.0% by weight of the tablet.
7. An anti-browsing tablet as claimed in claim 1 comprising a plurality of browsing deterrent substances selected such that at least one is selected from each of the groups respectively claimed in claims 4, 5 and 6.
8. An anti-browsing tablet as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the combination of N-P-K based fertilisers is an 18-6-12 composition for plants selected from the group consisting of deciduous trees, shrubbery, ornamental plants and conifers.
9. An anti-browsing tablet as claimed in claim 8 wherein the N-P-K composition comprises (by weight of the tablet) 38% urea, 19.3% muriate of potash, and 13.3% triple phosphate for plants selected from the group consisting of deciduous trees, shrubbery, and ornamental plants.
10. An anti-browsing tablet as claimed in claim 8 wherein the N-P-K composition comprises (by weight of the tablet) 45.9% ammonium nitrate, 19.3% muriate of potash, and 11.3%
diammonium phosphate for conifers.
diammonium phosphate for conifers.
11. An anti-browsing tablet as claimed in claim 8 wherein the N-P-K composition comprises (by weight of the tablet) 52.9% ammonium nitrate, 19.3% muriate of potash, and 13.3%
triple super phosphate for conifers.
triple super phosphate for conifers.
12. A method of controlling animal browsing/gnawing on seedlings of at least one of deciduous trees, shrubbery and ornamental plants at least during the first crucial year of growth, comprising placing into the root zone at least one tablet as claimed in claim 9 at the time of planting or transplanting said seedlings.
13. A method as claimed in claim 12 wherein the said placing step is repeated periodically after said initial year.
14. A method of controlling animal browsing/grazing specifically on conifer seedlings in the greenhouse or as newly transplanted in a nursery or forest plantation, comprising placing into the root zone, at least one tablet as claimed in claim 10 or claim 11.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2000630 CA2000630C (en) | 1989-10-13 | 1989-10-13 | Systemic animal repellant tablets |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2000630 CA2000630C (en) | 1989-10-13 | 1989-10-13 | Systemic animal repellant tablets |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2000630A1 CA2000630A1 (en) | 1991-04-13 |
| CA2000630C true CA2000630C (en) | 1997-09-16 |
Family
ID=4143319
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2000630 Expired - Fee Related CA2000630C (en) | 1989-10-13 | 1989-10-13 | Systemic animal repellant tablets |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2000630C (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100390109C (en) * | 2005-05-27 | 2008-05-28 | 于兰吉 | New type compound fertilizer, and production method |
-
1989
- 1989-10-13 CA CA 2000630 patent/CA2000630C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2000630A1 (en) | 1991-04-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |