CA1323818C - Detergent composition - Google Patents
Detergent compositionInfo
- Publication number
- CA1323818C CA1323818C CA000595627A CA595627A CA1323818C CA 1323818 C CA1323818 C CA 1323818C CA 000595627 A CA000595627 A CA 000595627A CA 595627 A CA595627 A CA 595627A CA 1323818 C CA1323818 C CA 1323818C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- detergent composition
- carbon atoms
- fatty acid
- surfactant
- sodium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
- C11D1/60—Sulfonium or phosphonium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
- C11D1/28—Sulfonation products derived from fatty acids or their derivatives, e.g. esters, amides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/83—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
DETERGENT COMPOSITION
A fabric washing detergent composition includes a surfactant system which is a combination of (i) fatty acid ester sulphonate which is butyl or higher ester and (ii) nonionic surfactant with HLB less than 10.5.
DETERGENT COMPOSITION
A fabric washing detergent composition includes a surfactant system which is a combination of (i) fatty acid ester sulphonate which is butyl or higher ester and (ii) nonionic surfactant with HLB less than 10.5.
Description
- -'` 1323818 DETERGENT COMPOSITION
.
This invention relates to a detergent composition, in particular to a detergent composition for washing fabrics.
Fabric washing compositions contain, as an essential ingredient, a surfactant system whose role is to assist in the removal of soil from the fabric and its suspension in the wash liquor. Suitable detergent active surfactant i materials fall into a number of classes, including anionic, nonionic and cationic materials. Marketed products contain materials selectad from one or more of these classes.
' The most widely used anionic surfactant materials are ~ the alkyl benzene sulphonates and these provide 5, satisfactory results especially at high temperatures.
, There has been a desire to find alternative anionic surfactants for usa in circumstances when alkyl benzene sulphonates are undesirable.
~mong such alternative anionic surfactants are the fatty acid ester sulphonates (FAES) of the general formula ::
where Rl is an alkyl group derived from a fatty acid, usually from a natural source, R2 is a short chain alkyl group, usually methyl and M is, for example, an alkali metal. Thus for example, United States patent 4416809 (Magari et al, assigned to Lion Corporation~ discloses a composition containing FAES, soap and the salt of a polycarboxylic acidO Exemplified FAES materials are those in which Rl is derived from tallow and R2 is methyl. Ethyl or propyl are also mentioned as possibilities for R2.
,,:
~V
',' ~ 132~818 We have found, however, that the performance of such recommended FAES materials is unsatisfactory when the compositions also contain low HLB nonionic surfactants.
Since the use of such nonionic surfactants has been shown ', 5 to lead to a number of benefits, including an overall ~ boosting in detergency (see GB 1241754 - Unilever), there j is a desire to improve the performance of FAES materials in the presence of such nonionic materials.
. , .
We have now suprisingly discovered that this object can be achieved by the use of materials in which R2 is butyl or higher alkyl.
Thus, according to the invention, there is provided a , detergent composition including a surfactant system i comprising:
.~ . .
~ 15 i) a fatty acid ester sulphonate; and ,.~, ';
~¦ ii) nonionic sur~actant having an HLB of less than 10.5 preferably less than 9.5;
~ !
~ wherein the fatty acid ester sulphonate has the general 3 formula ; 20 R1 - CH - COOR2 ¦ S03M
¦ where Rl and R2 are independently hydrocarbon groups having at least 4 carbon atoms, the sum of the carbon atoms in groups Rl and ~2 being from 8 to 30, and M is a monovalent cationic species.
;' . ,.
The fatty acid e~-ter ~ulphonate salts of the above general formula can be produced from fatty acids in conventional manner. Desirable starting fatty acids are, ~ ~
3 30 for example, those derived from tallow, palm oil or coconut -¦ oil. Thus, it is preferred that the group Rl contains from ~, .
1 .
. I
~, 3 ;i i32381~
1~ to 18 carbon atoms. It may be fully or substantially ~ saturated. The group R2 may have fewer carbon atoms than r~ the ~roup R1. For instance the group R2 may have from 4 to s~ 8 carbon atoms. In particular it may be butyl.
i 5 The sum of the carbon atoms in groups Rl and R2 w$11 preferably lie in the range 12 to 24. It is preferable also that Rl and R2 are different, especially when the sum of the ~ carbon atoms in ~roups Rl and R2 is 14 or more. A preferred ',! FAES material is that in which R1 is coconut alkyl and R2 is ~, 10 butyl.
Mixtures of FAES materials as defined above could be used. Other FAES materials, such as the tallow methyl material, may also be included in minor amounts, but there , is no particular advantage in doing so.
,~ .
It is preferred to use the water-soluble salts of these anionic surfactants, specifically the alkali metal ~ (sodium or potassium) salts thereof.
1 Suitable nonionic surfactants which may be used are the reaction products of compounds having a hydrophobic -~
group and a reactive hydrogen atom, for example aliphatic alcohols, acids, amides or al~yl phenols with alkylene oxides, especially ethylene oxide either alone or with propylene oxide. Specific nonionic detergent compounds are alkyl (C6 - C22) phenols-ethylene oxide condensates, the condensation products of aliphatic (C8 - C18) primary ;i or secondary linear or branched A lcohols with ethylene ~ oxide, and products made by condensation of ethylene oxide ,l with the reaction products of propylene oxide and l ethylenediamine.
~, :
'~
,.,j ~,.
., .`.,' .' ,"".~ , When alkylene oxide adducts of fatty materials are used as the nonionic surfactants, the number of alkylene oxide groups per molecule has a considerable effect upon the HLB of the nonionic surfactant. The chain length and nature of the fatty material is also influential, and thus the preferred number of alkylene oxide groups per molecule depends upon the nature and chain length of the fatty material.
We have found it of advantage that the weight ratio between the anionic surfactant and the alkoxylated nonionic surfactant lies between 4:1 and 1:4, most preferably between 3:1 and 1:2, otherwise the benefits of the invention may not be achieved.
.~ .
, 15 Preferred compositions according to the invention ¦ include the surfactant system in an amount from 2% to 50%, such as from 4% to 30% by weight of the composition.
~1! The surfactant system may include other surfactant j 20 materials in addition to the specified sulphonate and nonionic materials. These other surfactant materials may be selected from other anionic detergent active materials, zwitterionic or amphoteric detergent active materials or mixtures thereof.
,..;, ::
,! , .
~`.j .
:~3 ~
~ .
~323818 ^
.;, .
^, Any such further surfactant materials will generally be present at a level which is no more than 50% preferably no more than 40% of the total amount of surfactant in the composition, and might be not over 5% of the whole composition.
!
. 5 The other anionic detergent active materials may be the usual water-soluble alkali metal salts of organic sulphates and sulphonates having alkyl radicals containing . from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, the term alkyl ~i being used to include the alkyl portion of higher acyl radicals. Examples of suitable synthetic anionic 1 detergent compounds are sodium and potassium alkyl ~ sulphates, especially those obtained by sulphating higher ~, .~ (C8 ~ C18) alcohols produced for example from tallow or coconut oil, sodium and potassium alkyl (Cg - C20) benzene ~' 15 sulphonates, particularly sodium linear secondary alkyl .
(C10 - C15) benzene sulphonates; sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulphates, especially those ethers of the higher :~
alcohols derived from tallow or coconut oil and synthetic .~ alcohols derived from petroleum; sodium coconut oil fatty -20 monoglyceride sulphates and sulphonates; sodium and ~
potassium salts of sulphuric acid esters of higher (C8 - :.
i C18) fatty alcohol-alkylene oxide, particularly ethylene .. l oxide, reaction products; the reaction products of fatty ¦ acids such as coconut fatty acids esterified with -' 25 isethionic acid and neutralised with sodium hydroxide;
. ~
.~ sodium and potassium salts of fatty acid amides of methyl J taurine; alkane monosulphonates such as those derived by reacting alpha-olefins (C8 - C20) with sodium bisulphite and those derived from reacting paraffins with SO2 and C1 30 and then hydrolysing with a basè to product a random :~
.~ sulphate. .:
'.` 1.
The compositions of the inverltion may contain a ~ detergency builder material, this may be any material ,`'? ~5 capable of reducing the level of free calcium ions in the ~ wash liquor and will preferably provide the compositions ~: :
! .`.^., j . ~` : i :
~ i 3 2 3 8 ~ 8 - 6 - 87t96 F
- with other beneficial properties such as the ge~eration of ; an alkaline pH and the suspension of soil removed from the - fabric.
Examples of phosphorus-containing inorganic detergency builders, when present, include the water-soluble salts, especially alkali metal ` pyrophosphates, orthophosphates, orthophosphates, polyphosphates and phosphonates. Specific examples of inorganic phosphate builders include sodium and potassium - tripolyphosphates, ortho phosphates and hexametaphosphates.
., .
; Examples of non-pho~phorus-containing inorganic ; 15 deterqency builders, when present, include water-soluble alkali metal carbonates, bicarbona~es, silicates and crystalline and amorphous aluminosilicates. Specific ~ examples include sodium carbonate (with or without calcite 1 seeds), potassium carbonate (with or without calcite ;~ 20 seeds), sodium and potassium bicarbonates and silicates.
Examples of organic detergency builders, when present, include the alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium polyacetates, carboxylates, -` 25 polycarboxylates, polyacetyl carboxylates and polyhydroxysulphonates. Specific examples include sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, melitic acid, benzene polycarboxylic acids and citric acid.
:. I
j It is preferred that the compositions according to the invention be alkaline, that is at the concentration of 1 g/l in distilled water at 25C the pH should be at least 8, preferably at least 10. To this end the .:~1 .~ .
r i - ~-` 132381~
¦ - 7 - 87/96 F
.
- compositions may include a water-soluble alkaline salt.
This salt may be a detergency builder or a non-building alkaline material.
.
!:S~ 5 Apart from the ingredients already mentioned, a 1 number of optional ingredients may also be present.
.
~ Examples of other ingredients which may be present in ~ the composition include fabric softening agents such as fatty amines, fabric softening clay materials, lather ~ _ boosters such as alkanolamides, particularly the ,! ` monoethanolamides derived from palm kernel fatty acids and ! coconut fatty acids, lather depressants, oxygen-releasing ~`¦ bleaching agents such as sodium perborate and sodium percarbonate, peracid bleach precursors, chlorine-releasing bleaching agents such as tricloroisocyanuric acid~ inorganic salts such as sodium sulphate, and, usually present in very minor amounts, fluorescent agents, perfumes including deodorant perfumes, enzymes such as proteases, cellulases, amylases and lipase, `~ germicides and colourants.
.,:
;~ The detergent compositions according to the invention may be prepared by a number of different methods according ~ `~ 25 to their physical form. In the case of granular products they may be prepared by dry-mixing or coagglomeration. A
;i preferred physical form is a granule incorporating a -detergency builder salt and this is most conveniently manufactured by spray-drying at least part of the composition. In this process a slurry is prepared containing the heat-insensitive components of the -composition such as the surfactant system, builder - -, material and filler salt. The slurry is spray-dried to form base powder granules with which any solid ;a 35 heat-sensitive ingredients may be mixed, such ingredients including bleaches and enzymes. The specified nonionic .
` 1 .. -.. ~ .
- ~3Z~81~3 surfactants can be liquidified by melting or solvent dissolution and sprayed onto the ~ase powder granules, rather than including them in the slurry for spray-drying.
The invention will now be described in more detail in the following non-limiting examples.
'' Wash liquors were prepared in water having a hardness of 25 FH (e~uivalent to a free calcium ion concentration of 2.5 x 10 3 molar). The wash liquor contained the ;l equivalent of 6 g/l of a composition containing (by :` weight) ' 15 Specified anionic surfactant 9%
, , .
' Specified nonionic surfactant 4%
-~ Sodium tripolyphosphate 23%
`i Sodium carbonate 6%
~ Sodium alkaline silicate 5.5%
^~ ~0 Sodium sulphate 30.8%
`, Sodium chloride 2.93 Water balance . ~ , The sodium chloride was included as being equivalent in ionic strength to 5~ sodium perborate monohydrate which would be present in practice. The bleach is left out of l these experiments in order to avoid confusion between ,~ detergency and bleaching effect in the interpretation of'~j the results.
~ The wash liquors were used to wash a fabric load at a '7'( liquor to cloth ratio of 50:1. The load included a number of polyester monitors to which had previously been applied ji an amount of C14 tagged triolein. Measurement of the level of tagged triolein after washing, using standard `~ radio-tracer techniques, gives an indication of the degree of detergency, ie. soil removal, obtained.
.:~
;~ :
9 ~3238~8 The wash time wa8 20 minutes with an agit~t~on of 70 rpm. Washes were ~sothermal at 40-C.
In each case the nonlonic surfactant was either SYNPERONIC A7 (ex ICI) which ls principally a C13/C15 alcohol ethoxylated wlth an average of 7 moles ethylene oxide per molecule hsving an HLB of 11.7, or a 1:3 by weight mixture thereof with SYNPERONI~ ~3, which is a similar material co~taining an average of 3 moles of ethylene oxide per ~olecule, the mixture having an HLB of 10 9Ø
The anionic surfactants used were: :
CM: Coconut methyl FAES
TEXIN ES 68: A tallow methyl FAES ex Henkel LB: C12 alkyl butyl FAES -The results obtained were as follows:
Example No nionic Nonionic ~ soil removal 1 CM A7 20.1 -~
.
This invention relates to a detergent composition, in particular to a detergent composition for washing fabrics.
Fabric washing compositions contain, as an essential ingredient, a surfactant system whose role is to assist in the removal of soil from the fabric and its suspension in the wash liquor. Suitable detergent active surfactant i materials fall into a number of classes, including anionic, nonionic and cationic materials. Marketed products contain materials selectad from one or more of these classes.
' The most widely used anionic surfactant materials are ~ the alkyl benzene sulphonates and these provide 5, satisfactory results especially at high temperatures.
, There has been a desire to find alternative anionic surfactants for usa in circumstances when alkyl benzene sulphonates are undesirable.
~mong such alternative anionic surfactants are the fatty acid ester sulphonates (FAES) of the general formula ::
where Rl is an alkyl group derived from a fatty acid, usually from a natural source, R2 is a short chain alkyl group, usually methyl and M is, for example, an alkali metal. Thus for example, United States patent 4416809 (Magari et al, assigned to Lion Corporation~ discloses a composition containing FAES, soap and the salt of a polycarboxylic acidO Exemplified FAES materials are those in which Rl is derived from tallow and R2 is methyl. Ethyl or propyl are also mentioned as possibilities for R2.
,,:
~V
',' ~ 132~818 We have found, however, that the performance of such recommended FAES materials is unsatisfactory when the compositions also contain low HLB nonionic surfactants.
Since the use of such nonionic surfactants has been shown ', 5 to lead to a number of benefits, including an overall ~ boosting in detergency (see GB 1241754 - Unilever), there j is a desire to improve the performance of FAES materials in the presence of such nonionic materials.
. , .
We have now suprisingly discovered that this object can be achieved by the use of materials in which R2 is butyl or higher alkyl.
Thus, according to the invention, there is provided a , detergent composition including a surfactant system i comprising:
.~ . .
~ 15 i) a fatty acid ester sulphonate; and ,.~, ';
~¦ ii) nonionic sur~actant having an HLB of less than 10.5 preferably less than 9.5;
~ !
~ wherein the fatty acid ester sulphonate has the general 3 formula ; 20 R1 - CH - COOR2 ¦ S03M
¦ where Rl and R2 are independently hydrocarbon groups having at least 4 carbon atoms, the sum of the carbon atoms in groups Rl and ~2 being from 8 to 30, and M is a monovalent cationic species.
;' . ,.
The fatty acid e~-ter ~ulphonate salts of the above general formula can be produced from fatty acids in conventional manner. Desirable starting fatty acids are, ~ ~
3 30 for example, those derived from tallow, palm oil or coconut -¦ oil. Thus, it is preferred that the group Rl contains from ~, .
1 .
. I
~, 3 ;i i32381~
1~ to 18 carbon atoms. It may be fully or substantially ~ saturated. The group R2 may have fewer carbon atoms than r~ the ~roup R1. For instance the group R2 may have from 4 to s~ 8 carbon atoms. In particular it may be butyl.
i 5 The sum of the carbon atoms in groups Rl and R2 w$11 preferably lie in the range 12 to 24. It is preferable also that Rl and R2 are different, especially when the sum of the ~ carbon atoms in ~roups Rl and R2 is 14 or more. A preferred ',! FAES material is that in which R1 is coconut alkyl and R2 is ~, 10 butyl.
Mixtures of FAES materials as defined above could be used. Other FAES materials, such as the tallow methyl material, may also be included in minor amounts, but there , is no particular advantage in doing so.
,~ .
It is preferred to use the water-soluble salts of these anionic surfactants, specifically the alkali metal ~ (sodium or potassium) salts thereof.
1 Suitable nonionic surfactants which may be used are the reaction products of compounds having a hydrophobic -~
group and a reactive hydrogen atom, for example aliphatic alcohols, acids, amides or al~yl phenols with alkylene oxides, especially ethylene oxide either alone or with propylene oxide. Specific nonionic detergent compounds are alkyl (C6 - C22) phenols-ethylene oxide condensates, the condensation products of aliphatic (C8 - C18) primary ;i or secondary linear or branched A lcohols with ethylene ~ oxide, and products made by condensation of ethylene oxide ,l with the reaction products of propylene oxide and l ethylenediamine.
~, :
'~
,.,j ~,.
., .`.,' .' ,"".~ , When alkylene oxide adducts of fatty materials are used as the nonionic surfactants, the number of alkylene oxide groups per molecule has a considerable effect upon the HLB of the nonionic surfactant. The chain length and nature of the fatty material is also influential, and thus the preferred number of alkylene oxide groups per molecule depends upon the nature and chain length of the fatty material.
We have found it of advantage that the weight ratio between the anionic surfactant and the alkoxylated nonionic surfactant lies between 4:1 and 1:4, most preferably between 3:1 and 1:2, otherwise the benefits of the invention may not be achieved.
.~ .
, 15 Preferred compositions according to the invention ¦ include the surfactant system in an amount from 2% to 50%, such as from 4% to 30% by weight of the composition.
~1! The surfactant system may include other surfactant j 20 materials in addition to the specified sulphonate and nonionic materials. These other surfactant materials may be selected from other anionic detergent active materials, zwitterionic or amphoteric detergent active materials or mixtures thereof.
,..;, ::
,! , .
~`.j .
:~3 ~
~ .
~323818 ^
.;, .
^, Any such further surfactant materials will generally be present at a level which is no more than 50% preferably no more than 40% of the total amount of surfactant in the composition, and might be not over 5% of the whole composition.
!
. 5 The other anionic detergent active materials may be the usual water-soluble alkali metal salts of organic sulphates and sulphonates having alkyl radicals containing . from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, the term alkyl ~i being used to include the alkyl portion of higher acyl radicals. Examples of suitable synthetic anionic 1 detergent compounds are sodium and potassium alkyl ~ sulphates, especially those obtained by sulphating higher ~, .~ (C8 ~ C18) alcohols produced for example from tallow or coconut oil, sodium and potassium alkyl (Cg - C20) benzene ~' 15 sulphonates, particularly sodium linear secondary alkyl .
(C10 - C15) benzene sulphonates; sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulphates, especially those ethers of the higher :~
alcohols derived from tallow or coconut oil and synthetic .~ alcohols derived from petroleum; sodium coconut oil fatty -20 monoglyceride sulphates and sulphonates; sodium and ~
potassium salts of sulphuric acid esters of higher (C8 - :.
i C18) fatty alcohol-alkylene oxide, particularly ethylene .. l oxide, reaction products; the reaction products of fatty ¦ acids such as coconut fatty acids esterified with -' 25 isethionic acid and neutralised with sodium hydroxide;
. ~
.~ sodium and potassium salts of fatty acid amides of methyl J taurine; alkane monosulphonates such as those derived by reacting alpha-olefins (C8 - C20) with sodium bisulphite and those derived from reacting paraffins with SO2 and C1 30 and then hydrolysing with a basè to product a random :~
.~ sulphate. .:
'.` 1.
The compositions of the inverltion may contain a ~ detergency builder material, this may be any material ,`'? ~5 capable of reducing the level of free calcium ions in the ~ wash liquor and will preferably provide the compositions ~: :
! .`.^., j . ~` : i :
~ i 3 2 3 8 ~ 8 - 6 - 87t96 F
- with other beneficial properties such as the ge~eration of ; an alkaline pH and the suspension of soil removed from the - fabric.
Examples of phosphorus-containing inorganic detergency builders, when present, include the water-soluble salts, especially alkali metal ` pyrophosphates, orthophosphates, orthophosphates, polyphosphates and phosphonates. Specific examples of inorganic phosphate builders include sodium and potassium - tripolyphosphates, ortho phosphates and hexametaphosphates.
., .
; Examples of non-pho~phorus-containing inorganic ; 15 deterqency builders, when present, include water-soluble alkali metal carbonates, bicarbona~es, silicates and crystalline and amorphous aluminosilicates. Specific ~ examples include sodium carbonate (with or without calcite 1 seeds), potassium carbonate (with or without calcite ;~ 20 seeds), sodium and potassium bicarbonates and silicates.
Examples of organic detergency builders, when present, include the alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium polyacetates, carboxylates, -` 25 polycarboxylates, polyacetyl carboxylates and polyhydroxysulphonates. Specific examples include sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, melitic acid, benzene polycarboxylic acids and citric acid.
:. I
j It is preferred that the compositions according to the invention be alkaline, that is at the concentration of 1 g/l in distilled water at 25C the pH should be at least 8, preferably at least 10. To this end the .:~1 .~ .
r i - ~-` 132381~
¦ - 7 - 87/96 F
.
- compositions may include a water-soluble alkaline salt.
This salt may be a detergency builder or a non-building alkaline material.
.
!:S~ 5 Apart from the ingredients already mentioned, a 1 number of optional ingredients may also be present.
.
~ Examples of other ingredients which may be present in ~ the composition include fabric softening agents such as fatty amines, fabric softening clay materials, lather ~ _ boosters such as alkanolamides, particularly the ,! ` monoethanolamides derived from palm kernel fatty acids and ! coconut fatty acids, lather depressants, oxygen-releasing ~`¦ bleaching agents such as sodium perborate and sodium percarbonate, peracid bleach precursors, chlorine-releasing bleaching agents such as tricloroisocyanuric acid~ inorganic salts such as sodium sulphate, and, usually present in very minor amounts, fluorescent agents, perfumes including deodorant perfumes, enzymes such as proteases, cellulases, amylases and lipase, `~ germicides and colourants.
.,:
;~ The detergent compositions according to the invention may be prepared by a number of different methods according ~ `~ 25 to their physical form. In the case of granular products they may be prepared by dry-mixing or coagglomeration. A
;i preferred physical form is a granule incorporating a -detergency builder salt and this is most conveniently manufactured by spray-drying at least part of the composition. In this process a slurry is prepared containing the heat-insensitive components of the -composition such as the surfactant system, builder - -, material and filler salt. The slurry is spray-dried to form base powder granules with which any solid ;a 35 heat-sensitive ingredients may be mixed, such ingredients including bleaches and enzymes. The specified nonionic .
` 1 .. -.. ~ .
- ~3Z~81~3 surfactants can be liquidified by melting or solvent dissolution and sprayed onto the ~ase powder granules, rather than including them in the slurry for spray-drying.
The invention will now be described in more detail in the following non-limiting examples.
'' Wash liquors were prepared in water having a hardness of 25 FH (e~uivalent to a free calcium ion concentration of 2.5 x 10 3 molar). The wash liquor contained the ;l equivalent of 6 g/l of a composition containing (by :` weight) ' 15 Specified anionic surfactant 9%
, , .
' Specified nonionic surfactant 4%
-~ Sodium tripolyphosphate 23%
`i Sodium carbonate 6%
~ Sodium alkaline silicate 5.5%
^~ ~0 Sodium sulphate 30.8%
`, Sodium chloride 2.93 Water balance . ~ , The sodium chloride was included as being equivalent in ionic strength to 5~ sodium perborate monohydrate which would be present in practice. The bleach is left out of l these experiments in order to avoid confusion between ,~ detergency and bleaching effect in the interpretation of'~j the results.
~ The wash liquors were used to wash a fabric load at a '7'( liquor to cloth ratio of 50:1. The load included a number of polyester monitors to which had previously been applied ji an amount of C14 tagged triolein. Measurement of the level of tagged triolein after washing, using standard `~ radio-tracer techniques, gives an indication of the degree of detergency, ie. soil removal, obtained.
.:~
;~ :
9 ~3238~8 The wash time wa8 20 minutes with an agit~t~on of 70 rpm. Washes were ~sothermal at 40-C.
In each case the nonlonic surfactant was either SYNPERONIC A7 (ex ICI) which ls principally a C13/C15 alcohol ethoxylated wlth an average of 7 moles ethylene oxide per molecule hsving an HLB of 11.7, or a 1:3 by weight mixture thereof with SYNPERONI~ ~3, which is a similar material co~taining an average of 3 moles of ethylene oxide per ~olecule, the mixture having an HLB of 10 9Ø
The anionic surfactants used were: :
CM: Coconut methyl FAES
TEXIN ES 68: A tallow methyl FAES ex Henkel LB: C12 alkyl butyl FAES -The results obtained were as follows:
Example No nionic Nonionic ~ soil removal 1 CM A7 20.1 -~
2 ES68 A7 20.6 3 LB A7 19.8 4 CM A7/A3 26.0 E568 A7/A3 23.9 6 LB A7/A3 36.2 j These results show that in the presence o~ the higher HLB
¦ nonionic material ~Examples 1 to 3) there is very little I difference between the anionic surfactants tested. In the I :
presence of the lower HLB nonionic mixture (A7/A3) however, significant preference for the C12 butyl FAES over the others tested is evident.
- .
~ * denote5 trade mark
¦ nonionic material ~Examples 1 to 3) there is very little I difference between the anionic surfactants tested. In the I :
presence of the lower HLB nonionic mixture (A7/A3) however, significant preference for the C12 butyl FAES over the others tested is evident.
- .
~ * denote5 trade mark
Claims (6)
1. A detergent composition including a surfactant system comprising:
i) a fatty acid ester sulphonate; and ii) nonionic surfactant having an HLB of less than 10.5;
wherein the fatty acid ester sulphonate has the general formula wherein R1 and R2 are independently hydrocarbon groups having at least 4 carbon atoms, the sum of the carbon atoms in groups R1 and R2 being from 8 to 30, and M is a monovalent cationic species;
the ratio of (i) to (ii) lying in a range from 4:1 to 1:4 by weight.
i) a fatty acid ester sulphonate; and ii) nonionic surfactant having an HLB of less than 10.5;
wherein the fatty acid ester sulphonate has the general formula wherein R1 and R2 are independently hydrocarbon groups having at least 4 carbon atoms, the sum of the carbon atoms in groups R1 and R2 being from 8 to 30, and M is a monovalent cationic species;
the ratio of (i) to (ii) lying in a range from 4:1 to 1:4 by weight.
2. A detergent composition according to claim 1 wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in groups R1 and R2 is from 12 to 24 carbon atoms.
3. A detergent composition according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the group R1 is a hydrocarbon group containing from 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
4. A detergent composition according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid ester sulphonate is an alkali metal salt of the sulphonate of the butyl ester of coconut fatty acid.
5. A detergent composition according to claim 1, claim 2 or claim 4 wherein the nonionic surfactant has an HLB of 9.5 or less.
6. A detergent composition according to claim 1, claim 2 or claim 4 wherein the surfactant system constitutes from 2 to 50% by weight of the whole composition, and the said fatty acid ester sulphonate and nonionic surfactant constitute 50 to 100% by weight of the surfactant system.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB888808041A GB8808041D0 (en) | 1988-04-06 | 1988-04-06 | Detergent composition |
| GB8808041.1 | 1988-04-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1323818C true CA1323818C (en) | 1993-11-02 |
Family
ID=10634659
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000595627A Expired - Fee Related CA1323818C (en) | 1988-04-06 | 1989-04-04 | Detergent composition |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0336740B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH06102794B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR960000199B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU619266B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8901573A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1323818C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE68920768T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2068240T3 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB8808041D0 (en) |
| IN (1) | IN167967B (en) |
| MY (1) | MY104422A (en) |
| OA (1) | OA09035A (en) |
| PH (1) | PH27191A (en) |
| TR (1) | TR24063A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA892470B (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0792336A2 (en) * | 1995-09-18 | 1997-09-03 | Stepan Company | Heavy duty liquid detergent compositions comprising salts of alpha sulfonated fatty acid methyl esters and use of alpha-sulphonated fatty acid salts to inhibit redeposition of soil on fabric |
| US5945394A (en) * | 1995-09-18 | 1999-08-31 | Stepan Company | Heavy duty liquid detergent compositions comprising salts of α-sulfonated fatty acid methyl esters and use of α-sulphonated fatty acid salts to inhibit redeposition of soil on fabric |
| US6407050B1 (en) | 2000-01-11 | 2002-06-18 | Huish Detergents, Inc. | α-sulfofatty acid methyl ester laundry detergent composition with reduced builder deposits |
| US6683039B1 (en) | 2000-05-19 | 2004-01-27 | Huish Detergents, Inc. | Detergent compositions containing alpha-sulfofatty acid esters and methods of making and using the same |
| US6780830B1 (en) * | 2000-05-19 | 2004-08-24 | Huish Detergents, Incorporated | Post-added α-sulfofatty acid ester compositions and methods of making and using the same |
| US6534464B1 (en) | 2000-05-19 | 2003-03-18 | Huish Detergents, Inc. | Compositions containing α-sulfofatty acid ester and polyalkoxylated alkanolamide and methods of making and using the same |
| US6468956B1 (en) | 2000-05-24 | 2002-10-22 | Huish Detergents, Inc. | Composition containing α-sulfofatty acid ester and hydrotrope and methods of making and using the same |
| US6509310B1 (en) * | 2000-06-01 | 2003-01-21 | Huish Detergents, Inc. | Compositions containing α-sulfofatty acid esters and method of making the same |
| US6764989B1 (en) | 2000-10-02 | 2004-07-20 | Huish Detergents, Inc. | Liquid cleaning composition containing α-sulfofatty acid ester |
| US7459420B2 (en) | 2004-12-01 | 2008-12-02 | Vlahakis E Van | Automatic dishwashing detergent comprised of ethylene oxide adduct and without phosphates |
| US7485613B2 (en) | 2004-12-01 | 2009-02-03 | Venus Laboratories, Inc. | Low foaming carpet-cleaning detergent concentrate comprised of ethylene oxide adduct and without phosphates |
| WO2016160407A1 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-06 | Stepan Company | Detergents based on alpha-sulfonated fatty ester surfactants |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4964609A (en) * | 1972-10-25 | 1974-06-22 | ||
| CA1033638A (en) * | 1974-09-11 | 1978-06-27 | The Procter And Gamble Company | Detergent compositions |
| JPS54132609A (en) * | 1978-04-07 | 1979-10-15 | Nippon Oil & Fats Co Ltd | Detergent for raw wool |
| JPS55108496A (en) * | 1979-02-13 | 1980-08-20 | Nippon Gousei Senzai Kk | Detergent composition |
| JPS57180699A (en) * | 1981-04-30 | 1982-11-06 | Lion Corp | Granular detergent composition |
| GB8515762D0 (en) * | 1985-06-21 | 1985-07-24 | Ici Plc | Surfactant composition |
| DE3603580A1 (en) * | 1986-02-06 | 1987-08-13 | Henkel Kgaa | ESTERSULPHONATE CONTAINING TENSIDE CONCENTRATES AND THEIR USE |
-
1988
- 1988-04-06 GB GB888808041A patent/GB8808041D0/en active Pending
-
1989
- 1989-04-03 PH PH38428A patent/PH27191A/en unknown
- 1989-04-03 TR TR89/0308A patent/TR24063A/en unknown
- 1989-04-03 AU AU32398/89A patent/AU619266B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-04-03 MY MYPI89000418A patent/MY104422A/en unknown
- 1989-04-04 CA CA000595627A patent/CA1323818C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-04-04 KR KR1019890004397A patent/KR960000199B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-04-04 ZA ZA892470A patent/ZA892470B/en unknown
- 1989-04-04 BR BR898901573A patent/BR8901573A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-04-05 EP EP89303376A patent/EP0336740B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-04-05 OA OA59549A patent/OA09035A/en unknown
- 1989-04-05 IN IN85/BOM/89A patent/IN167967B/en unknown
- 1989-04-05 ES ES89303376T patent/ES2068240T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-04-05 DE DE68920768T patent/DE68920768T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-04-06 JP JP1087835A patent/JPH06102794B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| OA09035A (en) | 1991-03-31 |
| KR890016151A (en) | 1989-11-28 |
| JPH01299897A (en) | 1989-12-04 |
| MY104422A (en) | 1994-03-30 |
| GB8808041D0 (en) | 1988-05-05 |
| KR960000199B1 (en) | 1996-01-03 |
| DE68920768T2 (en) | 1995-07-13 |
| ES2068240T3 (en) | 1995-04-16 |
| EP0336740A3 (en) | 1990-03-28 |
| ZA892470B (en) | 1990-12-28 |
| EP0336740A2 (en) | 1989-10-11 |
| EP0336740B1 (en) | 1995-01-25 |
| DE68920768D1 (en) | 1995-03-09 |
| IN167967B (en) | 1991-01-12 |
| BR8901573A (en) | 1989-11-21 |
| JPH06102794B2 (en) | 1994-12-14 |
| TR24063A (en) | 1991-02-22 |
| AU619266B2 (en) | 1992-01-23 |
| PH27191A (en) | 1993-04-16 |
| AU3239889A (en) | 1989-10-12 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |