CA1335646C - Liquid detergent compositions - Google Patents
Liquid detergent compositionsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1335646C CA1335646C CA 602025 CA602025A CA1335646C CA 1335646 C CA1335646 C CA 1335646C CA 602025 CA602025 CA 602025 CA 602025 A CA602025 A CA 602025A CA 1335646 C CA1335646 C CA 1335646C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- soap
- liquid detergent
- electrolyte
- aqueous liquid
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
- C11D17/0026—Structured liquid compositions, e.g. liquid crystalline phases or network containing non-Newtonian phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
- C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/3757—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions
- C11D3/3765—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions in liquid compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
- C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
- C11D9/06—Inorganic compounds
- C11D9/08—Water-soluble compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
- C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
- C11D9/06—Inorganic compounds
- C11D9/08—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D9/10—Salts
- C11D9/14—Phosphates; Polyphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
- C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
- C11D1/52—Carboxylic amides, alkylolamides or imides or their condensation products with alkylene oxides
- C11D1/523—Carboxylic alkylolamides, or dialkylolamides, or hydroxycarboxylic amides (R1-CO-NR2R3), where R1, R2 or R3 contain one hydroxy group per alkyl group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
Abstract
p An aqueous liquid detergent composition comprising soap and inorganic builder, the weight ratio of the soap relative to the inorganic builder being at least 1:2.75, the composition containing more than 5% by weight of soap, the composition further comprising electrolyte in a quantity sufficient to cause formation of a lamellar phase having solid suspending capability, said composition yielding no more than 2% by volume phase separation after storage for 21 days at 25°C.
Description
~ C 7140 (R) LIOUID DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS
The present invention is concerned with aqueous liquid detergent compositions of the kind in which at least some of the surfactant material forms a structured phase which is capable of suspending solid particulate material.
The surfactant material in such compositions usually comprises one or more surfactants which may be soap or non-soap synthetic surfactants. Soap is a particularly useful material since it is capable of a multiplicity of roles. It can be used as a detergent-active agent, as a builder and as a fabric-softening agent. Thus, it is a very desirable aim to formulate liquid detergents which are relatively rich in soap. In the case of isotropic liquids containing little or no inorganic builder, it is relatively easy to formulate with high soap levels. It is much more difficult to incorporate large enough quantities in the aqueous structured liquids referred to above.
Aqueous structured liquid detergents with solid suspending capability and containing soap are disclosed in European Patent Specifications EP-A-38 101, EP-A-86 614 and EP-A-151 884. They are also disclosed in our non-prior published European patent applications EP 301 883 and EP 301 884. However, in none of these has a sufficient amount of soap been incorporated to function as a fabric-softening agent whilst simultaneously acting as a builder to such an extent that the amount of inorganic builder can be minimised to a level where it does not exert too much of a harshening effect on the fabric. Further possible disadvantages of these compositions are instability, resulting in more than 2% by volume phase separation after storage for 21 days at 25C, and high viscosity, resulting in non-2 ¦ 3 3 5 6 4 6 C 7140 (R) pourable products.
Thus, according to the present invention, we provide anaqueous liquid detergent composition comprising soap and inorganic builder, the weight ratio of the soap relative to the inorganic builder being at least 1:2.75, the composition containing more than 5% by weight of soap, the composition further comprising electrolyte in a quantity sufficient to cause formation of a lamellar phase having suspending capability, said composition yielding no more than 2% by volume phase separation after storage for 21 days at 25C, and having a pH of less than 12Ø
What is especially surprising here is that stable, pourable lamellar structured liquids of moderate pH can be formulated with the levels of soap and other specified ingredients as claimed herein. As far as we are aware, no compositions matching these quantitative 20 and qualitative requirements have been successfully formulated hitherto.
Thus, the compositions of the present invention are stable, preferably yielding no more than 2% by volume phase separation after storage for 21 days at 25C. Such phase separation can manifest itself by the appearance of distinct layers or by the formation of distributed "cracks" containing predominantly aqueous phase containing dissolved electrolyte. The compositions are also pourable, certainly having a viscosity of no more than 6 Pas, preferably no more than 2.5 Pas, most preferably no more than 1.5 Pas, especially 1 Pas or less, these viscosities being measured at a sheer rate of 21 5-1.
The compositions of the present invention require sufficient electrolyte to cause the formation of a ~ C 7140 (R) lamellar phase by the soap/surfactant to endow solid suspending capability. The selection of the particular type(s) and amount of electrolyte to bring this into being for a given choice of soap/surfactant is effected using methodology very well known to those skilled in the art. It utilises the particular techniques described in a wide variety of references. One such technique entails conductivity measurements. The detection of the presence of such a lamellar phase is also very well known and may be effected by, for example, optical and electron microscopy or x-ray diffraction, supported by conductivity measurement.
As used herein, the term electrolyte means any water-soluble salt. The amount of electrolyte should be sufficient to cause formation of a lamellar phase by the soap/surfactant to endow solid suspending capability.
Preferably the composition comprises at least 1.0% by weight, more preferably at least 5.0% by weight, most preferably at least 17.0% by weight of electrolyte. The electrolyte may also be a detergency builder, such as the inorganic builder sodium tripolyphosphate, or it may be a non-functional electrolyte such as sodium sulphate or chloride. Preferably the inorganic builder comprises all or part of the electrolyte.
The compositions must also be capable of suspending particulate solids, although particularly preferred are those systems where such solids are actually in suspension. The solids may be undissolved electrolyte, the same as or different from the electrolyte in solution, the latter being saturated in electrolyte.
Additionally or alternatively, they may be materials which are substantially insoluble in water alone.
Examples of such substantially insoluble materials are aluminosilicate builders and particles of calcite abrasive.
~_ 1 335646 c 7140 (R) The compositions of the present invention must contain soap. This will usually be an alkali metal soap of a fatty acid, preferably one contAining 12 to 18 carbon atoms. Typical such acids are oleic acid, ricinoleic acid and fatty acids derived from castor oil, rapeseed oil, groundnut oil, coconut oil, palmkernel oil or mixtures thereof. The sodium or potassium soaps of these acids can be used, the potassium soaps being preferred.
The compositions of the present invention must preferably also contain a non-soap synthetic surfactant.
This may be selected from any of those known in the art for forming structured liquids and in general may be selected from one or more of anionic, cationic, nonionic, zwitterionic and amphoteric surfactants.
However, one preferred combination of non-soap surfactants comprises:
a) a nonionic surfactant and/or polyalkoxylated anionic surfactant; and b) a non-polyalkoxylated anionic surfactant.
Suitable nonionic surfactants which may be used include in particular the reaction products of compounds having a hydrophobic group and a reactive hydrogen atom, for example aliphatic alcohols, acids, amides or alkyl phenols with alkylene oxides, especially ethylene oxide either alone or with propylene oxide. Specific nonionic detergent compounds are alkyl (C6-C22) phenols -ethylene oxide condensates, the condensation products of aliphatic (C8-C18) primary or secondary, linear or branched alcohols with ethylene oxide, and products made by condensation of ethylene oxide with the reaction products of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine. Other so-called nonionic detergent compounds include long-chain tertiary amine oxides, long-chain tertiary ` -1 335646 C 7140 (R) phosphine oxides and dialkyl sulphoxides.
The anionic surfactants are usually water-soluble alkali metal salts of organic sulphates and sulphonates having alkyl radicals containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, the term alkyl being used to include the alkyl portion of higher acyl radicals. Examples of suitable synthetic anionic detergent compounds are sodium and potassium alkyl sulphates, especially those obtained by sulphating higher (C8-C18) alcohols produced for example from tallow or coconut oil, sodium and potassium alkyl (Cg-C20) benzene sulphonates, particularly sodium linear secondary alkyl (C10-Cl5) benzene sulphonates; sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulphates, especially those ethers of the higher alcohols derived from tallow or coconut oil and synthetic alcohols derived from petroleum; sodium coconut oil fatty monoglyceride sulphates and sulphonates; sodium and potassium salts of sulphuric acid esters of higher (C8-C18) fatty alcohol-alkylene oxide, particularly ethylene oxide, reaction products;
the reaction products of fatty acids such as coconut fatty acids esterified with isethionic acid and neutralised with sodium hydroxide; sodium and potassium salts or fatty acid amides of methyl taurine; alkane monosulphonates such as those derived by reacting alpha-olefin (C8-C20) with sodium bisulphite and those derived from reacting paraffins with S02 and Cl2 and then hydrolysing with a base to produce a random sulphonate;
and olefin sulphonates, which term is used to describe the material made by reacting olefins, particularly C10-C20 alpha-olefins, with SO3 and then neutralising and hydrolysing the reaction product. The preferred anionic detergent compounds are sodium (Cl1-C15) alkyl benzene sulphonates and sodium (Cl6-C18) alkyl sulphates.
The compositions of the present invention must contain 6 1 335646 C 7140 (R) an inorganic builder, but may also contain an organic builder other than the soap. The non-soap builder is preferably present at a level of at least 5% by weight, the maximum level preferably being 30%. A detergency builder is any material capable of reducing the level of free calcium ions in the wash liquor and will preferably provide the composition with other beneficial properties such as the generation of an alkaline pH, and the suspension of soil removed from the fabric. They may be classed as inorganic, organic non-polymeric and organic polymeric. Generally, we prefer that the inorganic builder comprises all or part of the electrolyte (provided water-soluble).
Examples of phosphorus-containing inorganic detergency builders include the water-soluble salts, especially alkaline metal pyrophosphates, orthophosphates, polyphosphates and phosphonates. Specific examples of inorganic phosphate builders include sodium and potassium tripolyphosphates, phosphates and hexametaphosphates.
Examples of non-phosphorus-containing inorganic detergency builders, when present, include water-soluble alkali metal carbonates, bicarbonates, silicate and crystalline and amorphous aluminosilicates. Specific examples include sodium carbonate (with or without calcite seeds), potassium carbonate, sodium and potassium bicarbonates and silicates.
The weight ratio of soap relative to inorganic builder is at least 1:2.75, more preferably more than 1:2.25.
Examples of organic detergency builders include the alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium polyacetates, carboxylates, polycarboxylates, polyacetyl carboxylates and polyhydroxysulphonates. Specific ~ 1 335646 c 7140 (R) examples include sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, melitic acid, benzene polycarboxylic acids and citric acid.
Apart from the ingredients already mentioned, a number of optional ingredients may also be present, such as lather boosters, e.g. alkanolamides, particularly the monoethanolamides derived from palmkernel fatty acids and coconut fatty acids, lather depressants, oxygen-releasing bleaching agents such as sodium perborate and sodium percarbonate, peracid bleach precursors, chlorine-releasing bleaching agents such as trichloroisocyanuric acid, inorganic salts such as sodium sulphate, and, usually present in very minor amounts, fluorescent agents, perfumes, enzymes such as proteases and amylases, germicides, colourants and fabric-softening clay materials.
The pH of the composition is preferably more than 7.0, more preferably from 7.0 to 12.0, especially preferably between 7.0 and 11.0, most preferably between 7.0 and 8Ø
The compositions of the present invention may be prepared using the general techniques known in the art of the processing of liquid detergent products. However, the order of addition of components can be important.
Thus, a preferred order of addition (with continuous mixing) is to add to the water the soluble electrolytes, then any insoluble material such as aluminosilicates, followed by the actives. The mixtures are then cooled below 30C, whereafter any minors and additional ingredients can be added. Finally, if necessary, the pH
of the composition can be adjusted, e.g. by addition of a small quantity of caustic material.
1 335646c 7140 (R) In use, the compositions of the present invention will generally be diluted with water to form a wash liquor preferably comprising from 0.1 to 10~, more preferably from 0.5 to 3% by weight of said composition. The wash liquor is used for the washing of fabrics, for instance in an automatic washing machine.
The invention will now be illustrated by the following non-limiting examples.
9 1 335646 C 7140 (R) Examples 1-6 Ingredient 1 2 3 4 5 6 Na-LAS 6.4 4.3 10.0 10.0 10.5 10.5 5 Na-oleate 8.1 8.1 - - - -K-oleate ~ - - 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 Synperonic A7 4.0 6.0 4.0 4.0 3.5 4.0 Glycerol 5.0 5.0 4.85 4.85 4.85 4.85 Borax 3.5 3.5 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 STP 22.0 22.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 SCMC - - 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Fluorescer - - 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Silicone oil - - - 0.25 0.25 0.25 Synthetic amorphous silica - - - 2.0 2.0 2.0 Perfume - - - 0.3 0.3 0.3 Enzyme - - - 0.5 0.5 0.5 Water ---- -- balance ------------- ,.
Viscosity (mPas, 21 s-l) 46403230 810950 770 1500 Example 7 wt.~
Na-LAS 4 25 Synperonic A3 3.0 STP 15.0 K-oleate 10.0 NaCl 2.0 Glycerol 4.85 30 Borax 3.1 Antifoam 0.2 Enzyme 0.5 Fluorescer 0.1 SCMC 0.1 35 Water balance Viscosity approx. 880 mPas at 21 s-~/~no~ rAle ~ ~ ~
~ I 335 5~ 6 C 7140 (R) Example 8 wt.%
Na-LAS 6.0 Synperonic A3 4.0 5 STP 15.0 K-oleate 10.0 PEG 400 3.0 ` Alcosperse 175 1.0 STS 0.5 10 Na2S04 0.5 Glycerol 4.85 Borax 3.1 Antifoam 0.2 Enzyme 0.5 15 Fluorescer 0.1 SCMC 0.1 Water balance Viscosity approx. 880 mPas at 21 s-20 Raw Material Specification LAS - dodecyl benzene sulphonate SCMC - sodium carboxymethylcellulose STP - sodium tripolyphosphate 25 STS - sodium toluene sulphonate PEG 400 - polyethylene glycol, average molecular weight Alcosperse~175- 70/30 acrylate/maleate copolymer (molecular weight 20,000 ex Alco) 30 Synperonic A7 - C12-C13 fatty alcohol alkoxylated with an average of 7 moles of ethylene oxide per molecule Synperonic A3 - C12-C13 fatty alcohol alkoxylated with an average of 3 moles of ethylene oxide per molecule.
~ de~o~cs tr~de m~r/C
'~ 1 335646 c 7140 (R) The pH of the compositions of Examples 1-8 was between about 7 and 8. All compositions were pourable and all yielded less than 2% by volume phase separation after storage at ambient temperature for 2 months. The level of soap incorporated in the composition is sufficient to function as a fabric-softening agent whilst simultaneously acting as a builder to such an extent that the amount of inorganic builder is minimised to a level where it does not exert too much of a harshening effect on the fabric.
The present invention is concerned with aqueous liquid detergent compositions of the kind in which at least some of the surfactant material forms a structured phase which is capable of suspending solid particulate material.
The surfactant material in such compositions usually comprises one or more surfactants which may be soap or non-soap synthetic surfactants. Soap is a particularly useful material since it is capable of a multiplicity of roles. It can be used as a detergent-active agent, as a builder and as a fabric-softening agent. Thus, it is a very desirable aim to formulate liquid detergents which are relatively rich in soap. In the case of isotropic liquids containing little or no inorganic builder, it is relatively easy to formulate with high soap levels. It is much more difficult to incorporate large enough quantities in the aqueous structured liquids referred to above.
Aqueous structured liquid detergents with solid suspending capability and containing soap are disclosed in European Patent Specifications EP-A-38 101, EP-A-86 614 and EP-A-151 884. They are also disclosed in our non-prior published European patent applications EP 301 883 and EP 301 884. However, in none of these has a sufficient amount of soap been incorporated to function as a fabric-softening agent whilst simultaneously acting as a builder to such an extent that the amount of inorganic builder can be minimised to a level where it does not exert too much of a harshening effect on the fabric. Further possible disadvantages of these compositions are instability, resulting in more than 2% by volume phase separation after storage for 21 days at 25C, and high viscosity, resulting in non-2 ¦ 3 3 5 6 4 6 C 7140 (R) pourable products.
Thus, according to the present invention, we provide anaqueous liquid detergent composition comprising soap and inorganic builder, the weight ratio of the soap relative to the inorganic builder being at least 1:2.75, the composition containing more than 5% by weight of soap, the composition further comprising electrolyte in a quantity sufficient to cause formation of a lamellar phase having suspending capability, said composition yielding no more than 2% by volume phase separation after storage for 21 days at 25C, and having a pH of less than 12Ø
What is especially surprising here is that stable, pourable lamellar structured liquids of moderate pH can be formulated with the levels of soap and other specified ingredients as claimed herein. As far as we are aware, no compositions matching these quantitative 20 and qualitative requirements have been successfully formulated hitherto.
Thus, the compositions of the present invention are stable, preferably yielding no more than 2% by volume phase separation after storage for 21 days at 25C. Such phase separation can manifest itself by the appearance of distinct layers or by the formation of distributed "cracks" containing predominantly aqueous phase containing dissolved electrolyte. The compositions are also pourable, certainly having a viscosity of no more than 6 Pas, preferably no more than 2.5 Pas, most preferably no more than 1.5 Pas, especially 1 Pas or less, these viscosities being measured at a sheer rate of 21 5-1.
The compositions of the present invention require sufficient electrolyte to cause the formation of a ~ C 7140 (R) lamellar phase by the soap/surfactant to endow solid suspending capability. The selection of the particular type(s) and amount of electrolyte to bring this into being for a given choice of soap/surfactant is effected using methodology very well known to those skilled in the art. It utilises the particular techniques described in a wide variety of references. One such technique entails conductivity measurements. The detection of the presence of such a lamellar phase is also very well known and may be effected by, for example, optical and electron microscopy or x-ray diffraction, supported by conductivity measurement.
As used herein, the term electrolyte means any water-soluble salt. The amount of electrolyte should be sufficient to cause formation of a lamellar phase by the soap/surfactant to endow solid suspending capability.
Preferably the composition comprises at least 1.0% by weight, more preferably at least 5.0% by weight, most preferably at least 17.0% by weight of electrolyte. The electrolyte may also be a detergency builder, such as the inorganic builder sodium tripolyphosphate, or it may be a non-functional electrolyte such as sodium sulphate or chloride. Preferably the inorganic builder comprises all or part of the electrolyte.
The compositions must also be capable of suspending particulate solids, although particularly preferred are those systems where such solids are actually in suspension. The solids may be undissolved electrolyte, the same as or different from the electrolyte in solution, the latter being saturated in electrolyte.
Additionally or alternatively, they may be materials which are substantially insoluble in water alone.
Examples of such substantially insoluble materials are aluminosilicate builders and particles of calcite abrasive.
~_ 1 335646 c 7140 (R) The compositions of the present invention must contain soap. This will usually be an alkali metal soap of a fatty acid, preferably one contAining 12 to 18 carbon atoms. Typical such acids are oleic acid, ricinoleic acid and fatty acids derived from castor oil, rapeseed oil, groundnut oil, coconut oil, palmkernel oil or mixtures thereof. The sodium or potassium soaps of these acids can be used, the potassium soaps being preferred.
The compositions of the present invention must preferably also contain a non-soap synthetic surfactant.
This may be selected from any of those known in the art for forming structured liquids and in general may be selected from one or more of anionic, cationic, nonionic, zwitterionic and amphoteric surfactants.
However, one preferred combination of non-soap surfactants comprises:
a) a nonionic surfactant and/or polyalkoxylated anionic surfactant; and b) a non-polyalkoxylated anionic surfactant.
Suitable nonionic surfactants which may be used include in particular the reaction products of compounds having a hydrophobic group and a reactive hydrogen atom, for example aliphatic alcohols, acids, amides or alkyl phenols with alkylene oxides, especially ethylene oxide either alone or with propylene oxide. Specific nonionic detergent compounds are alkyl (C6-C22) phenols -ethylene oxide condensates, the condensation products of aliphatic (C8-C18) primary or secondary, linear or branched alcohols with ethylene oxide, and products made by condensation of ethylene oxide with the reaction products of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine. Other so-called nonionic detergent compounds include long-chain tertiary amine oxides, long-chain tertiary ` -1 335646 C 7140 (R) phosphine oxides and dialkyl sulphoxides.
The anionic surfactants are usually water-soluble alkali metal salts of organic sulphates and sulphonates having alkyl radicals containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, the term alkyl being used to include the alkyl portion of higher acyl radicals. Examples of suitable synthetic anionic detergent compounds are sodium and potassium alkyl sulphates, especially those obtained by sulphating higher (C8-C18) alcohols produced for example from tallow or coconut oil, sodium and potassium alkyl (Cg-C20) benzene sulphonates, particularly sodium linear secondary alkyl (C10-Cl5) benzene sulphonates; sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulphates, especially those ethers of the higher alcohols derived from tallow or coconut oil and synthetic alcohols derived from petroleum; sodium coconut oil fatty monoglyceride sulphates and sulphonates; sodium and potassium salts of sulphuric acid esters of higher (C8-C18) fatty alcohol-alkylene oxide, particularly ethylene oxide, reaction products;
the reaction products of fatty acids such as coconut fatty acids esterified with isethionic acid and neutralised with sodium hydroxide; sodium and potassium salts or fatty acid amides of methyl taurine; alkane monosulphonates such as those derived by reacting alpha-olefin (C8-C20) with sodium bisulphite and those derived from reacting paraffins with S02 and Cl2 and then hydrolysing with a base to produce a random sulphonate;
and olefin sulphonates, which term is used to describe the material made by reacting olefins, particularly C10-C20 alpha-olefins, with SO3 and then neutralising and hydrolysing the reaction product. The preferred anionic detergent compounds are sodium (Cl1-C15) alkyl benzene sulphonates and sodium (Cl6-C18) alkyl sulphates.
The compositions of the present invention must contain 6 1 335646 C 7140 (R) an inorganic builder, but may also contain an organic builder other than the soap. The non-soap builder is preferably present at a level of at least 5% by weight, the maximum level preferably being 30%. A detergency builder is any material capable of reducing the level of free calcium ions in the wash liquor and will preferably provide the composition with other beneficial properties such as the generation of an alkaline pH, and the suspension of soil removed from the fabric. They may be classed as inorganic, organic non-polymeric and organic polymeric. Generally, we prefer that the inorganic builder comprises all or part of the electrolyte (provided water-soluble).
Examples of phosphorus-containing inorganic detergency builders include the water-soluble salts, especially alkaline metal pyrophosphates, orthophosphates, polyphosphates and phosphonates. Specific examples of inorganic phosphate builders include sodium and potassium tripolyphosphates, phosphates and hexametaphosphates.
Examples of non-phosphorus-containing inorganic detergency builders, when present, include water-soluble alkali metal carbonates, bicarbonates, silicate and crystalline and amorphous aluminosilicates. Specific examples include sodium carbonate (with or without calcite seeds), potassium carbonate, sodium and potassium bicarbonates and silicates.
The weight ratio of soap relative to inorganic builder is at least 1:2.75, more preferably more than 1:2.25.
Examples of organic detergency builders include the alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium polyacetates, carboxylates, polycarboxylates, polyacetyl carboxylates and polyhydroxysulphonates. Specific ~ 1 335646 c 7140 (R) examples include sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, melitic acid, benzene polycarboxylic acids and citric acid.
Apart from the ingredients already mentioned, a number of optional ingredients may also be present, such as lather boosters, e.g. alkanolamides, particularly the monoethanolamides derived from palmkernel fatty acids and coconut fatty acids, lather depressants, oxygen-releasing bleaching agents such as sodium perborate and sodium percarbonate, peracid bleach precursors, chlorine-releasing bleaching agents such as trichloroisocyanuric acid, inorganic salts such as sodium sulphate, and, usually present in very minor amounts, fluorescent agents, perfumes, enzymes such as proteases and amylases, germicides, colourants and fabric-softening clay materials.
The pH of the composition is preferably more than 7.0, more preferably from 7.0 to 12.0, especially preferably between 7.0 and 11.0, most preferably between 7.0 and 8Ø
The compositions of the present invention may be prepared using the general techniques known in the art of the processing of liquid detergent products. However, the order of addition of components can be important.
Thus, a preferred order of addition (with continuous mixing) is to add to the water the soluble electrolytes, then any insoluble material such as aluminosilicates, followed by the actives. The mixtures are then cooled below 30C, whereafter any minors and additional ingredients can be added. Finally, if necessary, the pH
of the composition can be adjusted, e.g. by addition of a small quantity of caustic material.
1 335646c 7140 (R) In use, the compositions of the present invention will generally be diluted with water to form a wash liquor preferably comprising from 0.1 to 10~, more preferably from 0.5 to 3% by weight of said composition. The wash liquor is used for the washing of fabrics, for instance in an automatic washing machine.
The invention will now be illustrated by the following non-limiting examples.
9 1 335646 C 7140 (R) Examples 1-6 Ingredient 1 2 3 4 5 6 Na-LAS 6.4 4.3 10.0 10.0 10.5 10.5 5 Na-oleate 8.1 8.1 - - - -K-oleate ~ - - 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 Synperonic A7 4.0 6.0 4.0 4.0 3.5 4.0 Glycerol 5.0 5.0 4.85 4.85 4.85 4.85 Borax 3.5 3.5 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 STP 22.0 22.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 SCMC - - 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Fluorescer - - 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Silicone oil - - - 0.25 0.25 0.25 Synthetic amorphous silica - - - 2.0 2.0 2.0 Perfume - - - 0.3 0.3 0.3 Enzyme - - - 0.5 0.5 0.5 Water ---- -- balance ------------- ,.
Viscosity (mPas, 21 s-l) 46403230 810950 770 1500 Example 7 wt.~
Na-LAS 4 25 Synperonic A3 3.0 STP 15.0 K-oleate 10.0 NaCl 2.0 Glycerol 4.85 30 Borax 3.1 Antifoam 0.2 Enzyme 0.5 Fluorescer 0.1 SCMC 0.1 35 Water balance Viscosity approx. 880 mPas at 21 s-~/~no~ rAle ~ ~ ~
~ I 335 5~ 6 C 7140 (R) Example 8 wt.%
Na-LAS 6.0 Synperonic A3 4.0 5 STP 15.0 K-oleate 10.0 PEG 400 3.0 ` Alcosperse 175 1.0 STS 0.5 10 Na2S04 0.5 Glycerol 4.85 Borax 3.1 Antifoam 0.2 Enzyme 0.5 15 Fluorescer 0.1 SCMC 0.1 Water balance Viscosity approx. 880 mPas at 21 s-20 Raw Material Specification LAS - dodecyl benzene sulphonate SCMC - sodium carboxymethylcellulose STP - sodium tripolyphosphate 25 STS - sodium toluene sulphonate PEG 400 - polyethylene glycol, average molecular weight Alcosperse~175- 70/30 acrylate/maleate copolymer (molecular weight 20,000 ex Alco) 30 Synperonic A7 - C12-C13 fatty alcohol alkoxylated with an average of 7 moles of ethylene oxide per molecule Synperonic A3 - C12-C13 fatty alcohol alkoxylated with an average of 3 moles of ethylene oxide per molecule.
~ de~o~cs tr~de m~r/C
'~ 1 335646 c 7140 (R) The pH of the compositions of Examples 1-8 was between about 7 and 8. All compositions were pourable and all yielded less than 2% by volume phase separation after storage at ambient temperature for 2 months. The level of soap incorporated in the composition is sufficient to function as a fabric-softening agent whilst simultaneously acting as a builder to such an extent that the amount of inorganic builder is minimised to a level where it does not exert too much of a harshening effect on the fabric.
Claims (8)
1. An aqueous liquid detergent composition comprising soap and inorganic builder, the weight ratio of soap relative to inorganic builder being at least 1:2,75, the composition comprising more than 5% by weight of soap, the composition further comprising electrolyte in a quantity sufficient to cause formation of a lamellar phase having solid suspending capability, said composition yielding no more than 2% by volume phase separation after storage for 21 days at 25°C, and having a pH of less than 12Ø
2. An aqueous liquid detergent composition according to claim 1, characterised by a weight ratio of soap relative to the inorganic builder greater than 1:2.25.
3. An aqueous liquid detergent composition according to claim 1, characterised in that it comprises at least 1% by weight of electrolyte.
4. An aqueous liquid detergent composition according to claim 3, characterised in that it comprises at least 5% by weight of electrolyte.
5. An aqueous liquid detergent composition according to claim 1, characterised in that the inorganic builder comprises all or part of the electrolyte.
6. An aqueous liquid detergent composition according to claim 1, having a viscosity of no more than 6.0 Pas at a shear rate of 21 s-1.
7. An aqueous liquid detergent composition according to claim 1, having a pH of more than 7.0 and 11Ø
8. Use of an aqueous liquor comprising from 0.1 to 10% by weight of a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7 for the washing of fabrics.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8813978.7 | 1988-06-13 | ||
| GB888813978A GB8813978D0 (en) | 1988-06-13 | 1988-06-13 | Liquid detergents |
| GB8826234.0 | 1988-11-09 | ||
| GB888826234A GB8826234D0 (en) | 1988-11-09 | 1988-11-09 | Liquid detergent compositions |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1335646C true CA1335646C (en) | 1995-05-23 |
Family
ID=26294011
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 602025 Expired - Fee Related CA1335646C (en) | 1988-06-13 | 1989-06-07 | Liquid detergent compositions |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0346994B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2693827B2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU621374B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8902771A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1335646C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE68925839T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2084598T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8821763D0 (en) * | 1988-09-16 | 1988-10-19 | Unilever Plc | Liquid detergents |
| GB8914602D0 (en) * | 1989-06-26 | 1989-08-16 | Unilever Plc | Liquid detergent composition |
| WO1991012307A2 (en) * | 1990-02-08 | 1991-08-22 | Unilever N.V. | Liquid bleach composition |
| US5672580A (en) * | 1990-04-25 | 1997-09-30 | Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Liquid detergent compositions |
| WO1991016409A1 (en) * | 1990-04-25 | 1991-10-31 | Unilever N.V. | Liquid detergent compositions |
| SK53294A3 (en) † | 1993-05-07 | 1995-04-12 | Albright & Wilson | Concentrated aqueous mixture containing surface active matter and its use |
| EP0675194A1 (en) * | 1994-03-28 | 1995-10-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Detergent additives in structured liquids |
| US20080032909A1 (en) * | 2006-05-05 | 2008-02-07 | De Buzzaccarini Francesco | Compact fluid laundry detergent composition |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2093928A (en) * | 1935-10-30 | 1937-09-21 | Procter & Gamble | Liquid soap |
| GB938783A (en) * | 1960-03-02 | 1963-10-09 | Unilever Ltd | Liquid detergent compositions |
| NL263962A (en) * | 1964-06-25 | |||
| US3522186A (en) * | 1966-12-12 | 1970-07-28 | Procter & Gamble | Abrasive liquid detergent compositions |
| US3520818A (en) * | 1966-12-20 | 1970-07-21 | Procter & Gamble | Abrasive liquid detergent compositions |
| DE1621597A1 (en) * | 1967-02-14 | 1971-05-27 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | Process for removing the preservation from painted and metallic objects |
| BE794295A (en) * | 1972-01-19 | 1973-05-16 | Biesterfeld & Co Nederland B V | LIQUID CONCENTRATED CLEANING AGENT |
| GB1468181A (en) * | 1973-10-11 | 1977-03-23 | Unilever Ltd | Liquid detergent composition |
| MX167884B (en) * | 1983-12-22 | 1993-04-20 | Albright & Wilson | LIQUID DETERGENT COMPOSITION |
| GB8334250D0 (en) * | 1983-12-22 | 1984-02-01 | Albright & Wilson | Liquid detergent compositions |
| JPS6114300A (en) * | 1984-06-29 | 1986-01-22 | ライオン株式会社 | Manufacture of liquid detergent composition |
| JPS62199697A (en) * | 1986-02-26 | 1987-09-03 | ライオン株式会社 | Liquid detergent composition |
| GB8712430D0 (en) * | 1987-05-27 | 1987-07-01 | Procter & Gamble | Liquid detergent |
| DE3852571T2 (en) * | 1987-05-28 | 1995-08-17 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Detergent composition for hard surfaces. |
| JPH0234700A (en) * | 1988-06-13 | 1990-02-05 | Unilever Nv | Liquid detergent composition |
-
1989
- 1989-06-07 CA CA 602025 patent/CA1335646C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-06-07 JP JP1145009A patent/JP2693827B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-06-09 AU AU36267/89A patent/AU621374B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-06-12 EP EP89201529A patent/EP0346994B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-06-12 DE DE1989625839 patent/DE68925839T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-06-12 ES ES89201529T patent/ES2084598T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-06-12 BR BR8902771A patent/BR8902771A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0346994A3 (en) | 1990-08-22 |
| BR8902771A (en) | 1990-02-01 |
| JPH0234699A (en) | 1990-02-05 |
| EP0346994A2 (en) | 1989-12-20 |
| ES2084598T3 (en) | 1996-05-16 |
| AU621374B2 (en) | 1992-03-12 |
| JP2693827B2 (en) | 1997-12-24 |
| DE68925839T2 (en) | 1996-07-18 |
| AU3626789A (en) | 1989-12-14 |
| EP0346994B1 (en) | 1996-03-06 |
| DE68925839D1 (en) | 1996-04-11 |
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| MKLA | Lapsed |