CA1307393C - Additive for water for fire fighting - Google Patents
Additive for water for fire fightingInfo
- Publication number
- CA1307393C CA1307393C CA000563917A CA563917A CA1307393C CA 1307393 C CA1307393 C CA 1307393C CA 000563917 A CA000563917 A CA 000563917A CA 563917 A CA563917 A CA 563917A CA 1307393 C CA1307393 C CA 1307393C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- water
- fire fighting
- agent
- additive
- gelatinizing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
- C08J3/05—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media from solid polymers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0064—Gels; Film-forming compositions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/06—Making microcapsules or microballoons by phase separation
- B01J13/12—Making microcapsules or microballoons by phase separation removing solvent from the wall-forming material solution
- B01J13/125—Making microcapsules or microballoons by phase separation removing solvent from the wall-forming material solution by evaporation of the solvent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/12—Powdering or granulating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2300/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified polymers
- C08J2300/10—Polymers characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. terminal or pendant functional groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2300/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified polymers
- C08J2300/14—Water soluble or water swellable polymers, e.g. aqueous gels
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An additive for water is disclosed which is useful in fire fighting. The additive contains a strongly swelling water-insoluble high molecular weight polymer as a gelatinizing agent coated with a water soluble release agent of the kind that does not cause the particles of the gelatinizing agent to swell. The release agent protects the gelatinizing agent from becoming sticky upon penetration of water and thus from agglutinating.
An additive for water is disclosed which is useful in fire fighting. The additive contains a strongly swelling water-insoluble high molecular weight polymer as a gelatinizing agent coated with a water soluble release agent of the kind that does not cause the particles of the gelatinizing agent to swell. The release agent protects the gelatinizing agent from becoming sticky upon penetration of water and thus from agglutinating.
Description
~3l~393 S P E C I F I C ~ T I O N
The present invention relates to an additive for water for fire fighting containing a strongly swelling water-insoluble high molecular weight polymer as gelatinizing agent. High molecular weight polymer substances of the kind which are added to the water for fire fighting as swelling agents are descri.bed in EP-A-199 897. These substances are highly absorptive and can absorb in a short time up to 500 fold of their weight of water without, however, being dissolved in water. These substances are then present in the form of gel particles that are highly swollen due to hydration and are dispersed in the water for fire fighting. If one adds to the so-swollen gel particles an excess of water, the latter will remain as pure aqueous phase. The viscosity of the water for fire fighting after adding the gelatinizing agent is only minorily higher than the viscosity of pure water. The sufficiently low viscosity is important in order that the water for fire fighting remains furtheron easy to handle, in particular fully pumpable. The advantages of the water ror fire fighting to which an additive of the kind is added are a reduction of the amount of water necessary for fire fighting, a reduction of the fire extinguishing time as well as the reduction of the water for fire fighting which runs off from the source of fire.
In spite of its excellent fire extinguishing effect, this prior art additive for water for fire fighting exhibits disadvantages which are a bar to its application on a large scale. When the swelling high molecular weight polymeric gelatinizing substance is added to the water for fire fighting, lumps may be formed.
1~0~393 In the Mediterrenean countries also seawater serves as water for fighting forest fires. The sodium chloride present therein leads, analogous to the hardness causing salts, to a disturbance of the swelling procedure. Swelling times of from one to several minutes are necessary to swell the gelatinizing su~stance. It is true that when water for fire fighting from a triple combination pumper is used, in which the substances have enough time to swell, the swelling times play only a subordlnate role, however, o it is extremely difficult to disperse lumps once they are formed.
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to improve an additive for water for fire fighting of the above-mentioned kind to the effect that the dlsadvantages described above do no longer occur.
The solution of this problem is provided by the additive for water for fire fighting according to the invention wherein the particles of the gelatinizing agent are encased by, or dispersed in, a water-soluble release agent of the kind that does not cause the particles of the gelatinizing agent to swell. The release agent protects the gPlatinizing agent from becoming sticky upon the penetration of water and thus from agglutinating. When using the release agent according to the invention, the dispersing of the gelatlnizing substance takes place without any problem.
It is important that the release agent has a good water solubility and does not itself cause the particles of the gelatinizing agent to swell.
According to the invention, the release agent functions so to speak as a barriex between the particles of the gelatinizing agent and, therefore, prevents agglutination.
13~393 Since the prior art gelatinizlng substances require a swelling time of from one to several minutes, the use of water for fire fight~ng co~taining additives of the kind would necessitate in the case of large-scale f~res the storage of the water for fire fighting in intermediate containers in order to achieve the necessary swelling time.
The use of intermediate container~ of the kind would become superfluous if itwere possible to reduce the swelling time to a few seconds. Such a reduction of the swelling time can be basically achieved by reducing the partlcle size of the particles of the gelatinizing agent. On the one hand, one increases thereby the working surface of thc water durlng the swelling procedure and, on the other hand, reduces the diffusion path. However, uslng very ~lne partlcles of the gelatinizlng agent increases the risk of agglutlnation.
It was, therefore, not possible to date to disper~e very finely ground gelatinizing substances ln water without the help of particular adjuvants. If, however, one encases accordlng to the inventio~ the particles of the gelatinizing 20 agent by a water-soluble ~elease agent, also very finely ground gelatinizing substances may-be used without any agglutlnation of the partlcles. Hense, it is possible by virtue thereof to directly spray the gelatinizing substance into the hose plpe through a nozzle.
A preferred release agent according to the invention is polyethylene glycol. In contrast to ethylene ylycol and diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol i8 not absorbed by the gelatinizing substance. Therefore, a polyethylene glycol 30 layer protects the particles of the gelatinizing agent from sticking to each other too quickly upon the penetration of water and from agglutination. Moreover, polyethylene glycol is absolutely non-toxic and is very ~uickly decomposed and, therefore, can ~e considered an ecologically nonpolluting 35 substance.
It has proved to be advantageous to wet the particles of the gelatinizing agent with an amount of from 10 to 100 by weight polyethylene glycol 300 or 400, based on the amount of gelatinizing substance.
Besides, diammonium biphosphate has proved to be a particularly suitable release agent. In fire fighting in the mediterrenean area, where the most disastrous forest fires occur, the tanks are often filled with seawater. The sodium chloride present in high concentration therein as well as the hardness causing salts that are likewise contained therein entail in a disadvantageous manner a strong reduction of the swelling capacity of the gelatinizing substance.
This disadvantageous effect is considerably reduced when diammonium blphosphate is used as release agent. The phosphate ion blocks the hardness causing substances and the ammonium ion compensates the negative effect of the sodium ion on the swelling capacity. It is particularly advantageous to use ~he diammonium biphosphate in amounts of from 20 to 100% by weight, based on the gelatinizing substance.
A particularly preferred method of preparing the additive for water for fire fighting is to dry mix the gelatinizlng substance with, for example, 50% by weight of diammonium biphosphate in a high speed mixer. The diammonium biphosphate crystals are crushed thereby. At the same time, from 10 to 30% by weight of water, based on the gelatinizing substance, are sprayed. The particles of the gelatinizing substance become sticky for a short time and the diammonium biphosphate is permenantly fixed on the surface of the particles of the gelatinizing agent.
Also sugars are suitable for use as release agent according ts the invention, in partlcular mono- and disaccharides.
Good results were obtained, ~or example, with mannito~.
Preferred gelatinizing agents are moderately cross-linked water inso'uble acrylic or methacrylic acid copolymers.
~ ~B:
The present invention relates to an additive for water for fire fighting containing a strongly swelling water-insoluble high molecular weight polymer as gelatinizing agent. High molecular weight polymer substances of the kind which are added to the water for fire fighting as swelling agents are descri.bed in EP-A-199 897. These substances are highly absorptive and can absorb in a short time up to 500 fold of their weight of water without, however, being dissolved in water. These substances are then present in the form of gel particles that are highly swollen due to hydration and are dispersed in the water for fire fighting. If one adds to the so-swollen gel particles an excess of water, the latter will remain as pure aqueous phase. The viscosity of the water for fire fighting after adding the gelatinizing agent is only minorily higher than the viscosity of pure water. The sufficiently low viscosity is important in order that the water for fire fighting remains furtheron easy to handle, in particular fully pumpable. The advantages of the water ror fire fighting to which an additive of the kind is added are a reduction of the amount of water necessary for fire fighting, a reduction of the fire extinguishing time as well as the reduction of the water for fire fighting which runs off from the source of fire.
In spite of its excellent fire extinguishing effect, this prior art additive for water for fire fighting exhibits disadvantages which are a bar to its application on a large scale. When the swelling high molecular weight polymeric gelatinizing substance is added to the water for fire fighting, lumps may be formed.
1~0~393 In the Mediterrenean countries also seawater serves as water for fighting forest fires. The sodium chloride present therein leads, analogous to the hardness causing salts, to a disturbance of the swelling procedure. Swelling times of from one to several minutes are necessary to swell the gelatinizing su~stance. It is true that when water for fire fighting from a triple combination pumper is used, in which the substances have enough time to swell, the swelling times play only a subordlnate role, however, o it is extremely difficult to disperse lumps once they are formed.
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to improve an additive for water for fire fighting of the above-mentioned kind to the effect that the dlsadvantages described above do no longer occur.
The solution of this problem is provided by the additive for water for fire fighting according to the invention wherein the particles of the gelatinizing agent are encased by, or dispersed in, a water-soluble release agent of the kind that does not cause the particles of the gelatinizing agent to swell. The release agent protects the gPlatinizing agent from becoming sticky upon the penetration of water and thus from agglutinating. When using the release agent according to the invention, the dispersing of the gelatlnizing substance takes place without any problem.
It is important that the release agent has a good water solubility and does not itself cause the particles of the gelatinizing agent to swell.
According to the invention, the release agent functions so to speak as a barriex between the particles of the gelatinizing agent and, therefore, prevents agglutination.
13~393 Since the prior art gelatinizlng substances require a swelling time of from one to several minutes, the use of water for fire fight~ng co~taining additives of the kind would necessitate in the case of large-scale f~res the storage of the water for fire fighting in intermediate containers in order to achieve the necessary swelling time.
The use of intermediate container~ of the kind would become superfluous if itwere possible to reduce the swelling time to a few seconds. Such a reduction of the swelling time can be basically achieved by reducing the partlcle size of the particles of the gelatinizing agent. On the one hand, one increases thereby the working surface of thc water durlng the swelling procedure and, on the other hand, reduces the diffusion path. However, uslng very ~lne partlcles of the gelatinizlng agent increases the risk of agglutlnation.
It was, therefore, not possible to date to disper~e very finely ground gelatinizing substances ln water without the help of particular adjuvants. If, however, one encases accordlng to the inventio~ the particles of the gelatinizing 20 agent by a water-soluble ~elease agent, also very finely ground gelatinizing substances may-be used without any agglutlnation of the partlcles. Hense, it is possible by virtue thereof to directly spray the gelatinizing substance into the hose plpe through a nozzle.
A preferred release agent according to the invention is polyethylene glycol. In contrast to ethylene ylycol and diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol i8 not absorbed by the gelatinizing substance. Therefore, a polyethylene glycol 30 layer protects the particles of the gelatinizing agent from sticking to each other too quickly upon the penetration of water and from agglutination. Moreover, polyethylene glycol is absolutely non-toxic and is very ~uickly decomposed and, therefore, can ~e considered an ecologically nonpolluting 35 substance.
It has proved to be advantageous to wet the particles of the gelatinizing agent with an amount of from 10 to 100 by weight polyethylene glycol 300 or 400, based on the amount of gelatinizing substance.
Besides, diammonium biphosphate has proved to be a particularly suitable release agent. In fire fighting in the mediterrenean area, where the most disastrous forest fires occur, the tanks are often filled with seawater. The sodium chloride present in high concentration therein as well as the hardness causing salts that are likewise contained therein entail in a disadvantageous manner a strong reduction of the swelling capacity of the gelatinizing substance.
This disadvantageous effect is considerably reduced when diammonium blphosphate is used as release agent. The phosphate ion blocks the hardness causing substances and the ammonium ion compensates the negative effect of the sodium ion on the swelling capacity. It is particularly advantageous to use ~he diammonium biphosphate in amounts of from 20 to 100% by weight, based on the gelatinizing substance.
A particularly preferred method of preparing the additive for water for fire fighting is to dry mix the gelatinizlng substance with, for example, 50% by weight of diammonium biphosphate in a high speed mixer. The diammonium biphosphate crystals are crushed thereby. At the same time, from 10 to 30% by weight of water, based on the gelatinizing substance, are sprayed. The particles of the gelatinizing substance become sticky for a short time and the diammonium biphosphate is permenantly fixed on the surface of the particles of the gelatinizing agent.
Also sugars are suitable for use as release agent according ts the invention, in partlcular mono- and disaccharides.
Good results were obtained, ~or example, with mannito~.
Preferred gelatinizing agents are moderately cross-linked water inso'uble acrylic or methacrylic acid copolymers.
~ ~B:
Claims (19)
1. In a flowable mass of water for fire fighting containing particles of a strongly swelling water-insoluble high molecular weight polymer as a gelatinizing agent, the improvement which comprises a water-soluble release agent which does not cause the particles of said gelatinizing agent to swell, the particles of the gelatinizing agent being encased or dispersed in the release agent, the release agent being selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, diammonium biphosphate, a sugar and a sugar derivative.
2. In a flowable mass of water for fire fighting according to claim 1, characterized in that the release agent is a polyethylene glycol.
3. In a flowable mass of water for fire fighting according to claim 2, characterized in that the polyethylene glycol is present in an amount of from 10 to 100% by weight, based on the amount of the gelatinizing agent.
4. In a flowable mass of water for fire fighting according to claim 1, characterized in that the release agent is diammonium biphosphate.
5. In a flowable mass of water for fire fighting according to claim 4, characterized in that the diammonium biphosphate is present in an amount of from 20 to 100%
by weight, based on the amount of the gelatinizing agent.
by weight, based on the amount of the gelatinizing agent.
6. In a flowable mass of water for fire fighting according to claim 1, characterized in that the release agent is a sugar.
7. In a flowable mass of water for fire fighting according to claim 6, characterized in that the sugar is a mono-or disaccharide.
8. In a flowable mass of water for fire fighting according to claim 7, characterized in that the sugar is mannitol.
9. In a flowable mass of water for fire fighting according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the gelatinizing agent is a moderately cross-linked water-insoluble acrylic or methacrylic acid copolymer.
10. In a flowable mass of water for fire fighting as claimed in claim 1, wherein said release agent is selected from the group consisting of diammonium biphosphate, a sugar and a sugar derivative.
11. An additive for water for fire fighting containing a strongly swelling water-insoluble high molecular weight polymer as gelatinizing agent, characterized in that the particles of the gelatinizing agent are encased or dispersed in a water-soluble release agent which does not cause the particles of said gelatinizing agent to swell, and wherein said release agent is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, diammonium biphosphate, a sugar and a sugar derivative.
12. An additive for water for fire fighting according to claim 11, characterized in that the release agent is a polyethylene glycol.
13. An additive for water for fire fighting according to claim 12, characterized in that the polyethylene glycol is present in an amount of from 10 to 100% by weight, based on the amount of the gelatinizing agent.
14. An additive for water for fire fighting according to claim 11, characterized in that the release agent is diammonium biphosphate.
15. An additive for water for fire fighting according to claim 14, characterized in that the diammonium biphosphate is present in an amount of from 20 to 100%
by weight, based on the amount of the gelatinizing agent.
by weight, based on the amount of the gelatinizing agent.
16. An additive for water for fire fighting according to claim 11, characterized in that the release agent is a sugar.
17. An additive for water for fire fighting according to claim 16, characterized in that the sugar is a mono- or disaccharide.
18. An additive for water for fire fighting according to claim 17, characterized in that the sugar is mannitol.
19. An additive for water for fire fighting according to claim 11, 12 or 13, characterized in that the gelatinizing agent is a moderately cross-linked water-insoluble acrylic or methacrylic acid copolymer.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP3716304.3 | 1987-05-15 | ||
| DE19873716304 DE3716304A1 (en) | 1987-05-15 | 1987-05-15 | EXTINGUISHING WATER ADDITION |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1307393C true CA1307393C (en) | 1992-09-15 |
Family
ID=6327637
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000563917A Expired - Lifetime CA1307393C (en) | 1987-05-15 | 1988-04-12 | Additive for water for fire fighting |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0295412B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2756563B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR960008612B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1015511B (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE79044T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU602766B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1307393C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3716304A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK167175B1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2034007T3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI882239A (en) |
| GR (1) | GR3005617T3 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO175520C (en) |
| PT (1) | PT87404B (en) |
| SG (1) | SG42593G (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5496475A (en) * | 1992-10-30 | 1996-03-05 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Low viscosity polar-solvent fire-fighting foam compositions |
| DE4336319A1 (en) * | 1993-10-25 | 1995-04-27 | Oeko Tec Umweltschutzsyst Gmbh | Extinguishing media and process for its manufacture |
| GR1002790B (en) * | 1996-07-22 | 1997-10-17 | Methods and products for extinguishing fires. | |
| NL1007738C2 (en) * | 1997-12-08 | 1999-06-09 | Univ Delft Tech | Gel-forming fire-extinguishing system |
| TR200002512T2 (en) | 1998-02-27 | 2000-12-21 | Solutia Inc. | Fire retardant compositions and methods for their preparation and use |
| DE10041394A1 (en) * | 2000-08-23 | 2002-03-07 | Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh | Use of water-in-water polymer dispersions for fire prevention and fighting |
| DE10041395A1 (en) | 2000-08-23 | 2002-03-07 | Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh | Polymer dispersions for fire prevention and fire fighting with improved environmental compatibility |
| US6846437B2 (en) | 2000-11-28 | 2005-01-25 | Astaris, Llc | Ammonium polyphosphate solutions containing multi-functional phosphonate corrosion inhibitors |
| EP1343855B1 (en) | 2000-11-28 | 2015-04-15 | ICL Performance Products LP | Fire retardant compositions with reduced aluminum corrosivity |
| CA2429809C (en) | 2000-11-28 | 2009-09-01 | Astaris Llc | Biopolymer thickened fire retardant compositions |
| US6802994B1 (en) | 2000-11-28 | 2004-10-12 | Astaris Llc | Fire retardant compositions containing ammonium polyphosphate and iron additives for corrosion inhibition |
| AU2012202890B2 (en) * | 2012-01-09 | 2015-07-16 | S.P.C.M. Sa | Method for stopping and/or preventing the spread of peat fires |
| CN107050699A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-08-18 | 李小波 | A kind of application of alkali swollen thickener and its application apparatus |
| CN107596612A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2018-01-19 | 安徽吉安消防科技有限公司 | A kind of solid type extinguishing medium and its preparation, application method |
| CN111514507A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-08-11 | 杨根喜 | Novel efficient forest fire extinguishing composition and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3229769A (en) * | 1963-01-28 | 1966-01-18 | Dow Chemical Co | Method for controlling the spread of fire |
| US3407138A (en) * | 1964-09-02 | 1968-10-22 | Dow Chemical Co | Method and composition for extinguishing and preventing fires in flammable liquids |
| US3345289A (en) * | 1965-11-01 | 1967-10-03 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Fire retardant composition of diammonium phosphate containing methylvinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer as thickener |
| US3666707A (en) * | 1970-02-20 | 1972-05-30 | Factory Mutual Res Corp | Slurry additive for ablative water fire extinguishing systems |
| US3684707A (en) * | 1970-05-19 | 1972-08-15 | William L Livingston | Slurry for ablative water systems comprising a cross-linked polymer gelling agent and a time delay carrier |
| JPS56125066A (en) * | 1980-03-05 | 1981-10-01 | Otsuka Kagaku Yakuhin | Aqueous solution-like fire-extinguishing substance |
| JPS58200758A (en) * | 1982-05-18 | 1983-11-22 | 昭和電工株式会社 | Fire fighting method |
| US4610311A (en) * | 1983-02-15 | 1986-09-09 | Sanitek Products, Inc. | Method for reducing the aerial drift of aqueous preparations |
| DE3515865A1 (en) * | 1985-05-03 | 1986-11-06 | Hasso von 4000 Düsseldorf Blücher | USE OF AN AQUEOUS, SWELLED MACROMOLECULE-CONTAINING SYSTEM AS FIREWATER |
| JPS6244271A (en) * | 1985-08-22 | 1987-02-26 | 森田ポンプ株式会社 | Raw solution of fire extinguishing agent |
-
1987
- 1987-05-15 DE DE19873716304 patent/DE3716304A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1988
- 1988-04-12 CA CA000563917A patent/CA1307393C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-04-15 KR KR1019880004311A patent/KR960008612B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-04-29 AU AU15333/88A patent/AU602766B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-05-02 NO NO881917A patent/NO175520C/en unknown
- 1988-05-04 PT PT87404A patent/PT87404B/en active IP Right Revival
- 1988-05-04 ES ES198888107121T patent/ES2034007T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-05-04 AT AT88107121T patent/ATE79044T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-05-04 EP EP88107121A patent/EP0295412B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-05-04 DE DE8888107121T patent/DE3873430D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-05-13 DK DK266188A patent/DK167175B1/en active
- 1988-05-13 JP JP63116759A patent/JP2756563B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-05-13 FI FI882239A patent/FI882239A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-05-14 CN CN88102935A patent/CN1015511B/en not_active Expired
-
1992
- 1992-09-07 GR GR920401944T patent/GR3005617T3/el unknown
-
1993
- 1993-04-12 SG SG425/93A patent/SG42593G/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3716304A1 (en) | 1988-11-24 |
| AU1533388A (en) | 1988-11-17 |
| JP2756563B2 (en) | 1998-05-25 |
| DK266188D0 (en) | 1988-05-13 |
| EP0295412A2 (en) | 1988-12-21 |
| CN1015511B (en) | 1992-02-19 |
| EP0295412A3 (en) | 1989-05-10 |
| NO175520B (en) | 1994-07-18 |
| NO175520C (en) | 1994-10-26 |
| DK167175B1 (en) | 1993-09-13 |
| KR880013589A (en) | 1988-12-21 |
| AU602766B2 (en) | 1990-10-25 |
| FI882239A0 (en) | 1988-05-13 |
| EP0295412B1 (en) | 1992-08-05 |
| KR960008612B1 (en) | 1996-06-28 |
| JPS63309279A (en) | 1988-12-16 |
| ATE79044T1 (en) | 1992-08-15 |
| FI882239A (en) | 1988-11-16 |
| NO881917D0 (en) | 1988-05-02 |
| SG42593G (en) | 1993-07-09 |
| PT87404B (en) | 1992-08-31 |
| GR3005617T3 (en) | 1993-06-07 |
| DE3873430D1 (en) | 1992-09-10 |
| NO881917L (en) | 1988-11-16 |
| PT87404A (en) | 1989-05-31 |
| DK266188A (en) | 1988-11-16 |
| ES2034007T3 (en) | 1993-04-01 |
| CN88102935A (en) | 1988-12-14 |
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