NO175520B - Fire water Addition - Google Patents
Fire water AdditionInfo
- Publication number
- NO175520B NO175520B NO881917A NO881917A NO175520B NO 175520 B NO175520 B NO 175520B NO 881917 A NO881917 A NO 881917A NO 881917 A NO881917 A NO 881917A NO 175520 B NO175520 B NO 175520B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- gel
- water
- hydrogen phosphate
- swelling
- extinguishing water
- Prior art date
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 33
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002126 Acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920003145 methacrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229940117841 methacrylic acid copolymer Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007863 gel particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940085991 phosphate ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
- C08J3/05—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media from solid polymers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0064—Gels; Film-forming compositions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/06—Making microcapsules or microballoons by phase separation
- B01J13/12—Making microcapsules or microballoons by phase separation removing solvent from the wall-forming material solution
- B01J13/125—Making microcapsules or microballoons by phase separation removing solvent from the wall-forming material solution by evaporation of the solvent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/12—Powdering or granulating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2300/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified polymers
- C08J2300/10—Polymers characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. terminal or pendant functional groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2300/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified polymers
- C08J2300/14—Water soluble or water swellable polymers, e.g. aqueous gels
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører en slukkevanntilsetning som inneholder en sterkt svellende vannuløselig høypolymer' substans som geldanner. I EP-A-199 897 blir det beskrevet slike høypolymere substanser som man tilsetter slukkevannet som svellemiddel. Disse substansene er svært høytsugende og kan i løpet av kort tid oppta inntil 500 ganger sin egen vekt av vann, uten selv å løse seg derved i vannet. Disse substansene foreligger da ved hydratasjon i form av sterkt svellede gelpartikler som er dispergert i slukkevannet. Tilsetter man til de således svellede gelpartiklene et overskudd av vann, så vedblir overskuddsvannet å være en ren vannfase. Etter tilsetning av den geldannende substansen er viskositeten av slukkevannet sammenlignet med viskositeten av rent vann, bare svakt forhøyet. Den tilstrekkelig lave viskositeten er av betydning for at slukkevannet fortsatt skal være lett håndterbart, særlig at det skal være fullstendig pumpbart. Fordelene med et slukkevann som er tilsatt med en slik slukkevanntilsetning ligger i en reduksjon av den nødvendige slukkevannmengden ved brannslukkingen, en ned-settelse av slukketiden, såvel som en reduksjon av slukkevannmengden som renner av fra brannstedet. The present invention relates to an extinguishing water additive which contains a strongly swelling water-insoluble high polymer substance which forms a gel. In EP-A-199 897 such highly polymeric substances are described which are added to the extinguishing water as a swelling agent. These substances are very absorbent and can absorb up to 500 times their own weight of water within a short time, without dissolving in the water themselves. These substances are then present by hydration in the form of highly swollen gel particles that are dispersed in the extinguishing water. If an excess of water is added to the thus swollen gel particles, the excess water remains a pure water phase. After the addition of the gel-forming substance, the viscosity of the extinguishing water is only slightly increased compared to the viscosity of pure water. The sufficiently low viscosity is important for the extinguishing water to still be easy to handle, in particular for it to be completely pumpable. The advantages of an extinguishing water that has been added with such an extinguishing water additive lie in a reduction of the required amount of extinguishing water when extinguishing the fire, a reduction of the extinguishing time, as well as a reduction of the amount of extinguishing water that flows from the fire scene.
Til tross for den utmerkede slukkevirkningen, har denne kjente slukkevanntilsetningen ulemper som står i veien for en bred anvendelse. Ved tilsetning til slukkevannet av den svellende høypolymere geldannende substansen kan det danne seg klumper. Despite the excellent extinguishing effect, this known extinguishing water additive has disadvantages that stand in the way of wide application. When the swelling high-polymer gel-forming substance is added to the extinguishing water, lumps can form.
Ved bekjempelse av skogbranner i middelhavslandene bruker man også havvann som slukkevann. Det natriumkloridet som er tilstede i dette fører også til forstyrrelser i svelleprosessen, på samme måten som hårdhetsdannere som er oppløst i vannet. Til svelling av den geldannende substansen er det nødvendig med sveiletider fra ett til flere minutter. Ved anvendelse av slukkevann fra tankslukkevogner, hvor substansene har tilstrekkelig tid til å svelle, spiller dog svelletiden bare en underordnet rolle, men det er svært viktig å dispergere klumper som allikevel har dannet seg. When fighting forest fires in the Mediterranean countries, seawater is also used as extinguishing water. The sodium chloride present in this also leads to disturbances in the swelling process, in the same way as hardness formers dissolved in the water. For swelling of the gel-forming substance, swelling times of one to several minutes are necessary. When using extinguishing water from tankers, where the substances have sufficient time to swell, the swelling time only plays a minor role, but it is very important to disperse lumps that have formed anyway.
Oppgaven til den foreliggende oppfinnelsen består således i å forbedre en slukkevanntilsetning av den typen som er beskrevet innledningsvis på en slik måte at de foran nevnte ulempene ikke mere opptrer. The task of the present invention thus consists in improving an extinguishing water addition of the type described at the outset in such a way that the disadvantages mentioned above no longer occur.
Løsningen av oppgaven finnes i en slukkevanntilsetning ifølge oppfinnelsen, hvori geldannerpartiklene er omhyllet av diammoniumhydrogenfosfat. Dette beskytter geldanneren slik at den ikke blir klebrig når vannet kommer til, og således også fra å klumpe seg sammen. Ved anvendelse av diammoniumhydrogenfosfatet ifølge oppfinnelsen foregår dispergeringen av den geldannende substansen uten problemer. The solution to the problem is found in an extinguishing water additive according to the invention, in which the gel-forming particles are enveloped by diammonium hydrogen phosphate. This protects the gel former so that it does not become sticky when the water comes in, and thus also from clumping together. When using the diammonium hydrogen phosphate according to the invention, the dispersion of the gel-forming substance takes place without problems.
Det er viktig at diammoniumhydrogenfosfatet er lett vannløselig og ikke bringer de geldannende partiklene selv til å svelle. It is important that the diammonium hydrogen phosphate is easily water-soluble and does not cause the gel-forming particles themselves to swell.
Ifølge oppfinnelsen fungerer diammoniumhydrogenfosfatet på en viss måte, slik at det holder avstanden mellom de geldannende partiklene og hindrer klumpdannelsen på den måten. According to the invention, the diammonium hydrogen phosphate works in a certain way, so that it keeps the distance between the gel-forming particles and thus prevents the formation of lumps.
Da de kjente geldannende substansene trenger en svelle-tid på ett til flere minutter, ville det være nødvendig ved anvendelse av slukkevann med slike tilsetninger i storbranner, og lagre slukkevannet i mellombeholdere for å oppnå den nødvendige svelletiden. Innsatsen av slike mellombeholdere ville være unødvendig dersom svelletiden kunne reduseres til noen få sekunder. En slik reduksjon av svelletiden kan man i prinsippet oppnå på den måten, at man reduserer størrelsen på de geldannende partiklene. Derved forstørrer man for det første angrepsflaten for vannet ved svelleprosessen, og for det annet forkorter man diffusjonsveien. Når de geldannende partiklene blir svært små, økes dog faren for sammenklumping. Det var derfor lenge ikke mulig å dispergere svært finmalte geldannende substanser i vann uten spesielle hjelpemidler. Når man nå ifølge oppfinnelsen omhyller de geldannende partiklene med et diammoniumhydrogen-fosfat, lar det seg gjøre å anvende også svært fint formalte geldannende substanser, uten at partiklene klumper seg sammen. Det blir således mulig å tilsette den geldannende substansen direkte i slangeledningen. As the known gel-forming substances need a swelling time of one to several minutes, it would be necessary when using extinguishing water with such additives in large fires, and store the extinguishing water in intermediate containers to achieve the necessary swelling time. The use of such intermediate containers would be unnecessary if the swelling time could be reduced to a few seconds. Such a reduction of the swelling time can in principle be achieved by reducing the size of the gel-forming particles. Thereby, firstly, the attack surface for the water during the swelling process is enlarged, and secondly, the diffusion path is shortened. When the gel-forming particles become very small, however, the risk of clumping increases. It was therefore not possible for a long time to disperse very finely ground gel-forming substances in water without special aids. When, according to the invention, the gel-forming particles are coated with a diammonium hydrogen phosphate, it is possible to also use very finely ground gel-forming substances, without the particles clumping together. It thus becomes possible to add the gel-forming substance directly into the hose line.
Ved brannbekjempelse i middelhavsområdet, hvor de mest ødeleggende skogbranner opptrer, fyller man ofte tankene med havvann. Natriumkloridet som inneholdes i havvann i høy kon-sentrasjon, såvel som de hårdhetsdannende stoffene som også er tilstede i dette, fører på en ufordelaktig til en sterk reduksjon av svelleevnen hos den geldannende substansen. Denne ufordelaktige innflytelsen reduseres i vesentlig grad ved anvendelse av diammoniumhydrogenfosfat. Derved blokkerer fosfationet de hårdhetsdannende stoffene, og ammoniunionet kompenserer den negative innflytelsen av natriumionet på svelleevnen. Spesielt fordelaktig er anvendelsen av diammoniumhydrogenfosfatet i mengder på 20-12 0 vektprosent beregnet på den geldannende substansen. When fighting fires in the Mediterranean area, where the most destructive forest fires occur, tanks are often filled with seawater. The sodium chloride that is contained in seawater in high concentration, as well as the hardness-forming substances that are also present in this, leads to a disadvantageous to a strong reduction of the swelling ability of the gel-forming substance. This disadvantageous influence is substantially reduced by the use of diammonium hydrogen phosphate. Thereby, the phosphate ion blocks the hardness-forming substances, and the ammonium ion compensates for the negative influence of the sodium ion on the swelling ability. Particularly advantageous is the use of the diammonium hydrogen phosphate in amounts of 20-120% by weight calculated on the gel-forming substance.
Fremstillingen av slukkevanntilsetningen foregår på foretrukket måte ved at den geldannende substansen blir blandet tørt med f.eks. 50 vektprosent diammoniumhydrogen-fosfat i en blander med høyt turtall. Derved blir krystallene av diammoniumhydrogenfosfat slått i stykker. Samtidig sprøyter man inn som tåke 10-30 vektprosent vann beregnet på den geldannende substansen. Derved blir de geldannende partiklene klebrige for en kort tid, og diammoniumhydrogenfosfatet blir permanent fiksert på overflaten av de geldannende partiklene. The production of the extinguishing water additive takes place in a preferred way by mixing the gel-forming substance dry with e.g. 50% by weight of diammonium hydrogen phosphate in a mixer at high speed. Thereby, the crystals of diammonium hydrogen phosphate are broken into pieces. At the same time, 10-30% by weight of water calculated on the gel-forming substance is sprayed in as a mist. Thereby, the gel-forming particles become sticky for a short time, and the diammonium hydrogen phosphate is permanently fixed on the surface of the gel-forming particles.
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19873716304 DE3716304A1 (en) | 1987-05-15 | 1987-05-15 | EXTINGUISHING WATER ADDITION |
Publications (4)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO881917D0 NO881917D0 (en) | 1988-05-02 |
| NO881917L NO881917L (en) | 1988-11-16 |
| NO175520B true NO175520B (en) | 1994-07-18 |
| NO175520C NO175520C (en) | 1994-10-26 |
Family
ID=6327637
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO881917A NO175520C (en) | 1987-05-15 | 1988-05-02 | Fire water Addition |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0295412B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2756563B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR960008612B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1015511B (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE79044T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU602766B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1307393C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3716304A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK167175B1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2034007T3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI882239A (en) |
| GR (1) | GR3005617T3 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO175520C (en) |
| PT (1) | PT87404B (en) |
| SG (1) | SG42593G (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5496475A (en) * | 1992-10-30 | 1996-03-05 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Low viscosity polar-solvent fire-fighting foam compositions |
| DE4336319A1 (en) * | 1993-10-25 | 1995-04-27 | Oeko Tec Umweltschutzsyst Gmbh | Extinguishing media and process for its manufacture |
| GR1002790B (en) * | 1996-07-22 | 1997-10-17 | Methods and products for extinguishing fires. | |
| NL1007738C2 (en) * | 1997-12-08 | 1999-06-09 | Univ Delft Tech | Gel-forming fire-extinguishing system |
| TR200002512T2 (en) | 1998-02-27 | 2000-12-21 | Solutia Inc. | Fire retardant compositions and methods for their preparation and use |
| DE10041395A1 (en) | 2000-08-23 | 2002-03-07 | Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh | Polymer dispersions for fire prevention and fire fighting with improved environmental compatibility |
| DE10041394A1 (en) * | 2000-08-23 | 2002-03-07 | Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh | Use of water-in-water polymer dispersions for fire prevention and fighting |
| US6846437B2 (en) | 2000-11-28 | 2005-01-25 | Astaris, Llc | Ammonium polyphosphate solutions containing multi-functional phosphonate corrosion inhibitors |
| EP1343855B1 (en) | 2000-11-28 | 2015-04-15 | ICL Performance Products LP | Fire retardant compositions with reduced aluminum corrosivity |
| AU2002211757B2 (en) | 2000-11-28 | 2006-01-12 | Perimeter Solutions Lp | Biopolymer thickened fire retardant compositions |
| US6802994B1 (en) | 2000-11-28 | 2004-10-12 | Astaris Llc | Fire retardant compositions containing ammonium polyphosphate and iron additives for corrosion inhibition |
| CN104010700B (en) * | 2012-01-09 | 2016-11-09 | S.P.C.M.公司 | The method stoped and/or prevent peat fire spread |
| CN107050699A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-08-18 | 李小波 | A kind of application of alkali swollen thickener and its application apparatus |
| CN107596612A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2018-01-19 | 安徽吉安消防科技有限公司 | A kind of solid type extinguishing medium and its preparation, application method |
| CN111514507B (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2024-06-07 | 杨根喜 | Preparation method of forest fire extinguishing composition |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3229769A (en) * | 1963-01-28 | 1966-01-18 | Dow Chemical Co | Method for controlling the spread of fire |
| US3407138A (en) * | 1964-09-02 | 1968-10-22 | Dow Chemical Co | Method and composition for extinguishing and preventing fires in flammable liquids |
| US3345289A (en) * | 1965-11-01 | 1967-10-03 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Fire retardant composition of diammonium phosphate containing methylvinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer as thickener |
| US3666707A (en) * | 1970-02-20 | 1972-05-30 | Factory Mutual Res Corp | Slurry additive for ablative water fire extinguishing systems |
| US3684707A (en) * | 1970-05-19 | 1972-08-15 | William L Livingston | Slurry for ablative water systems comprising a cross-linked polymer gelling agent and a time delay carrier |
| JPS56125066A (en) * | 1980-03-05 | 1981-10-01 | Otsuka Kagaku Yakuhin | Aqueous solution-like fire-extinguishing substance |
| JPS58200758A (en) * | 1982-05-18 | 1983-11-22 | 昭和電工株式会社 | Fire fighting method |
| US4610311A (en) * | 1983-02-15 | 1986-09-09 | Sanitek Products, Inc. | Method for reducing the aerial drift of aqueous preparations |
| DE3515865A1 (en) * | 1985-05-03 | 1986-11-06 | Hasso von 4000 Düsseldorf Blücher | USE OF AN AQUEOUS, SWELLED MACROMOLECULE-CONTAINING SYSTEM AS FIREWATER |
| JPS6244271A (en) * | 1985-08-22 | 1987-02-26 | 森田ポンプ株式会社 | Raw solution of fire extinguishing agent |
-
1987
- 1987-05-15 DE DE19873716304 patent/DE3716304A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1988
- 1988-04-12 CA CA000563917A patent/CA1307393C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-04-15 KR KR1019880004311A patent/KR960008612B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-04-29 AU AU15333/88A patent/AU602766B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-05-02 NO NO881917A patent/NO175520C/en unknown
- 1988-05-04 AT AT88107121T patent/ATE79044T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-05-04 EP EP88107121A patent/EP0295412B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-05-04 DE DE8888107121T patent/DE3873430D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-05-04 ES ES198888107121T patent/ES2034007T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-05-04 PT PT87404A patent/PT87404B/en active IP Right Revival
- 1988-05-13 DK DK266188A patent/DK167175B1/en active
- 1988-05-13 FI FI882239A patent/FI882239A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-05-13 JP JP63116759A patent/JP2756563B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-05-14 CN CN88102935A patent/CN1015511B/en not_active Expired
-
1992
- 1992-09-07 GR GR920401944T patent/GR3005617T3/el unknown
-
1993
- 1993-04-12 SG SG425/93A patent/SG42593G/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI882239A (en) | 1988-11-16 |
| DK266188D0 (en) | 1988-05-13 |
| JP2756563B2 (en) | 1998-05-25 |
| ATE79044T1 (en) | 1992-08-15 |
| DK167175B1 (en) | 1993-09-13 |
| NO881917L (en) | 1988-11-16 |
| EP0295412A3 (en) | 1989-05-10 |
| JPS63309279A (en) | 1988-12-16 |
| NO175520C (en) | 1994-10-26 |
| DE3873430D1 (en) | 1992-09-10 |
| AU602766B2 (en) | 1990-10-25 |
| CA1307393C (en) | 1992-09-15 |
| EP0295412A2 (en) | 1988-12-21 |
| ES2034007T3 (en) | 1993-04-01 |
| SG42593G (en) | 1993-07-09 |
| CN88102935A (en) | 1988-12-14 |
| PT87404B (en) | 1992-08-31 |
| GR3005617T3 (en) | 1993-06-07 |
| PT87404A (en) | 1989-05-31 |
| KR880013589A (en) | 1988-12-21 |
| KR960008612B1 (en) | 1996-06-28 |
| FI882239A0 (en) | 1988-05-13 |
| NO881917D0 (en) | 1988-05-02 |
| DE3716304A1 (en) | 1988-11-24 |
| EP0295412B1 (en) | 1992-08-05 |
| CN1015511B (en) | 1992-02-19 |
| AU1533388A (en) | 1988-11-17 |
| DK266188A (en) | 1988-11-16 |
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