CA1298853C - Method for treating caustic refined glyceride oils for removal of soaps and phospholipids - Google Patents
Method for treating caustic refined glyceride oils for removal of soaps and phospholipidsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1298853C CA1298853C CA000529632A CA529632A CA1298853C CA 1298853 C CA1298853 C CA 1298853C CA 000529632 A CA000529632 A CA 000529632A CA 529632 A CA529632 A CA 529632A CA 1298853 C CA1298853 C CA 1298853C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- caustic
- soaps
- silica
- per million
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 174
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 171
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 155
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002459 porosimetry Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 i.e. Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010977 unit operation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000098 azimuthal photoelectron diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001687 destabilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N1CCN(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)CC1 VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001133760 Acoelorraphe Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000020551 Helianthus annuus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYKAKDPHDGCKTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO Chemical compound OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO FYKAKDPHDGCKTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 description 1
- BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M Sodium oleate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002156 adsorbate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001877 deodorizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LRCFXGAMWKDGLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O LRCFXGAMWKDGLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007730 finishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009881 heat bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012633 leachable Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000002674 ointment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004029 silicic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005049 silicon tetrachloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/10—Refining fats or fatty oils by adsorption
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US86320886A | 1986-05-14 | 1986-05-14 | |
| US863,208 | 1986-05-14 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1298853C true CA1298853C (en) | 1992-04-14 |
Family
ID=25340555
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000529632A Expired - Lifetime CA1298853C (en) | 1986-05-14 | 1987-01-19 | Method for treating caustic refined glyceride oils for removal of soaps and phospholipids |
Country Status (15)
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8823006D0 (en) * | 1988-09-30 | 1988-11-09 | Unilever Plc | Process for refining glyceride oil |
| GB8906443D0 (en) * | 1989-03-21 | 1989-05-04 | Unilever Plc | Process for refining glyceride oil using silica hydrogel |
| CA2052046A1 (en) * | 1990-09-25 | 1992-03-26 | Luis Otto Faber Schmutzler | Process for refining glyceride oil |
| CA2040677A1 (en) * | 1991-04-03 | 1992-10-04 | Gabriella J. Toeneboehn | Fatty chemicals and wax esters |
| US5449797A (en) * | 1992-04-13 | 1995-09-12 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Process for the removal of soap from glyceride oils and/or wax esters using an amorphous adsorbent |
| DE4223945A1 (de) * | 1992-07-21 | 1994-01-27 | Rhenus Wilhelm Reiners Gmbh & | Verfahren zur mikrobiologischen Reinigung von Kühlschmierstoff enthaltenden Abwässern der metallverarbeitenden Industrie mit Hilfe eines speziellen Phospholipids |
| CA2406910C (en) * | 2000-01-05 | 2010-03-09 | Michel Delmas | Process for refining animal and vegetable oil |
| JP2002080885A (ja) * | 2000-09-07 | 2002-03-22 | Nisshin Oil Mills Ltd:The | 食用油製造プラント及び食用油製造方法 |
| WO2011048083A1 (en) * | 2009-10-21 | 2011-04-28 | Novozymes A/S | Method for treatment of oil |
| FR2953854B1 (fr) * | 2009-12-16 | 2012-12-28 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de conversion de charges issues de sources renouvelables avec pretraitement des charges par dephosphatation a chaud |
| CN106987312B (zh) * | 2017-04-12 | 2021-04-13 | 西北大学 | 一种油脂同时脱磷脱酸的方法 |
| CA3098899A1 (en) | 2018-05-02 | 2019-11-07 | Reg Synthetic Fuels, Llc | Method for upgrading low-value and waste fats, oils, and greases |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB599595A (en) * | 1945-03-27 | 1948-03-16 | Anderson Clayton & Co | Improved method of refining glyceride oils |
| GB1476307A (en) * | 1973-08-24 | 1977-06-10 | Unilever Ltd | Chemical process |
| JPS5614715A (en) * | 1979-07-17 | 1981-02-13 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Control circuit of television receiver |
| JPS57174400A (en) * | 1981-04-16 | 1982-10-27 | Bitaminzu Inc | Manufacture of wheat embryo lipid products |
| AU578968B2 (en) * | 1984-09-13 | 1988-11-10 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corp. | Method and apparatus for direct casting of crystalline strip by radiantly cooling |
| US4734226A (en) * | 1986-01-28 | 1988-03-29 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Method for refining glyceride oils using acid-treated amorphous silica |
| US4629588A (en) * | 1984-12-07 | 1986-12-16 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Method for refining glyceride oils using amorphous silica |
| ATE69975T1 (de) * | 1986-11-24 | 1991-12-15 | Unilever Nv | Metall-oxid-siliziumdioxid enthaltendes sorbentmittel und dessen verwendung zur oelraffinierung. |
| JP3067894B2 (ja) * | 1992-07-16 | 2000-07-24 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 無方向性電磁鋼板用薄鋳片の製造方法 |
-
1987
- 1987-01-19 CA CA000529632A patent/CA1298853C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-01-28 PT PT84208A patent/PT84208B/pt unknown
- 1987-02-26 CN CN87101626A patent/CN1029318C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-04-21 IN IN346/DEL/87A patent/IN171401B/en unknown
- 1987-05-05 AR AR87307465A patent/AR242428A1/es active
- 1987-05-08 DE DE8787106683T patent/DE3766651D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-05-08 EP EP87106683A patent/EP0247411B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-05-08 AT AT87106683T patent/ATE59060T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-05-08 ES ES87106683T patent/ES2019324B3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-05-11 JP JP62112637A patent/JPS6327600A/ja active Pending
- 1987-05-11 ZA ZA873334A patent/ZA873334B/xx unknown
- 1987-05-12 MX MX006441A patent/MX170388B/es unknown
- 1987-05-13 PH PH35248A patent/PH26631A/en unknown
- 1987-05-13 PT PT84865A patent/PT84865B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-05-14 AU AU72946/87A patent/AU600485B2/en not_active Ceased
-
1991
- 1991-01-31 GR GR91400133T patent/GR3001427T3/el unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU600485B2 (en) | 1990-08-16 |
| PT84865B (pt) | 1990-02-08 |
| CN87101626A (zh) | 1988-01-20 |
| ATE59060T1 (de) | 1990-12-15 |
| DE3766651D1 (de) | 1991-01-24 |
| PT84208A (en) | 1987-02-01 |
| CN1029318C (zh) | 1995-07-12 |
| AR242428A1 (es) | 1993-03-31 |
| PT84865A (en) | 1987-06-01 |
| EP0247411B1 (en) | 1990-12-12 |
| MX170388B (es) | 1993-08-19 |
| PT84208B (pt) | 1989-03-30 |
| ES2019324B3 (es) | 1991-06-16 |
| EP0247411A1 (en) | 1987-12-02 |
| AU7294687A (en) | 1987-11-19 |
| GR3001427T3 (en) | 1992-09-25 |
| IN171401B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1992-10-03 |
| ZA873334B (en) | 1987-11-02 |
| PH26631A (en) | 1992-08-19 |
| JPS6327600A (ja) | 1988-02-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |