CA1264530A - Method of attaching a first metal plate to a second metal plate, and an attaching means for executing the method - Google Patents
Method of attaching a first metal plate to a second metal plate, and an attaching means for executing the methodInfo
- Publication number
- CA1264530A CA1264530A CA000466067A CA466067A CA1264530A CA 1264530 A CA1264530 A CA 1264530A CA 000466067 A CA000466067 A CA 000466067A CA 466067 A CA466067 A CA 466067A CA 1264530 A CA1264530 A CA 1264530A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- plate
- hole
- edge portion
- attaching member
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
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- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Connection Of Plates (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A method for attaching a first plate (2) of a first metal, such as titanium, alloy steel or a similar material, to a second plate (4) of a second metal. A hole (6) is made in the plates and a pin shaped attaching member (8,10) of the first metal, or a metal weldable thereto, is introduced into the hole so that it cannot move axially outwardly from the first plate. One end of the attaching member has been provided with a sidewardly bendable edge portion (14) and the attaching member is introduced into the hole (6) so that this end extends above the first plate (2). This edge portion (14) is then bent over sidewardly in a direction towards the surface of the first plate so that the plates are drawn together around the hole by the reaction force. The edge portion is finally welded to the first plate.
A method for attaching a first plate (2) of a first metal, such as titanium, alloy steel or a similar material, to a second plate (4) of a second metal. A hole (6) is made in the plates and a pin shaped attaching member (8,10) of the first metal, or a metal weldable thereto, is introduced into the hole so that it cannot move axially outwardly from the first plate. One end of the attaching member has been provided with a sidewardly bendable edge portion (14) and the attaching member is introduced into the hole (6) so that this end extends above the first plate (2). This edge portion (14) is then bent over sidewardly in a direction towards the surface of the first plate so that the plates are drawn together around the hole by the reaction force. The edge portion is finally welded to the first plate.
Description
;3~
1.
A METHOD OF ATTACHING A FIRST
METAL PLATE TO A SECOND METAL PLATE
The present invention relates to a method of 5. attaching a first plate of a first metal, such as titanium, alloy steel or a similar material, to another plate of a second metal.
In connection with lining of receptacles and vessels having a round or rectangular shape with 10. titanium plates it has previously been customary to attach the titanium plates against the inside of the vessel by drilling holes from the inside through the titanium plate into the outer shell of an unalloyed or stainless material. The blind hole has thereupon been 15. threaded and a correspondingly threaded pin of titanium has been screwed into it. The pin has then been welded around thè circumference against the titanium plate in order to obtain a seal.
This method is time consuming and troublesome to 20. execute. The titanium pin thus has a tendency to cut into the material of the outer plate, thus makiny the screwing step very slow. At the same time the titanium plate has a tendency to move outwardly on the pin and thus lift from the surface of the outer plate. This is 25. very disadvantageous since the risk of oxygen absorb-ation at the weld root increases, which can result in deterioration of the weld. Furthermore, if the titanium plate is very thin, which is often the case, there is a risk that it can be da~aged around the weld.
30- This is due to the fact that the pin, which is coarser 4~i3~3
1.
A METHOD OF ATTACHING A FIRST
METAL PLATE TO A SECOND METAL PLATE
The present invention relates to a method of 5. attaching a first plate of a first metal, such as titanium, alloy steel or a similar material, to another plate of a second metal.
In connection with lining of receptacles and vessels having a round or rectangular shape with 10. titanium plates it has previously been customary to attach the titanium plates against the inside of the vessel by drilling holes from the inside through the titanium plate into the outer shell of an unalloyed or stainless material. The blind hole has thereupon been 15. threaded and a correspondingly threaded pin of titanium has been screwed into it. The pin has then been welded around thè circumference against the titanium plate in order to obtain a seal.
This method is time consuming and troublesome to 20. execute. The titanium pin thus has a tendency to cut into the material of the outer plate, thus makiny the screwing step very slow. At the same time the titanium plate has a tendency to move outwardly on the pin and thus lift from the surface of the outer plate. This is 25. very disadvantageous since the risk of oxygen absorb-ation at the weld root increases, which can result in deterioration of the weld. Furthermore, if the titanium plate is very thin, which is often the case, there is a risk that it can be da~aged around the weld.
30- This is due to the fact that the pin, which is coarser 4~i3~3
2.
than the thickness of the titanium plate, must be supplied with comparatively more heat during the welding process, which in turn implies that the titanium plate will be heated too much...and can melt through. At worst a piece 5. of the titanium plate can be destroyed and the plate has to be cut away and replaced by a new plate. E~en if the titanium plate is not destroyed, perpendicular stresses will ar.ise in it which, in unfavourable cases, can lead to fractures later on.
10. One object of the present invention is to provide a method of attaching.a plate of one material to a second plate which does not suffer these disadvantages.
According. to the invention there is provided a method for attaching a first plate of a first metal to a second 15. plate of a second metal, including the steps of forming a hole through the plates; introducing a pin shaped attaching member into the hole, the attaching memb.er being made of the first metal, or a metaL weldable thereto, and having one end which has been provided with 20. a sidewardly bendable edge portion, the attaching member being introduced into the hole 50 that the said end extends outside the first plate so that it cannot mo~e axially outwardly from the first plate; bending the edge portion over sidewards towards the surface of the 25. first plate so that the plates are drawn together by the reaction force around the hole; and welding the edge portion circumferentially to the first plate.
Due to the fact that the plates are pressed together around the hole the risk of o~ygen heing admitted between 30. the plates at the root of the weld is reduced, and so ~L~6~L~i3~ .
than the thickness of the titanium plate, must be supplied with comparatively more heat during the welding process, which in turn implies that the titanium plate will be heated too much...and can melt through. At worst a piece 5. of the titanium plate can be destroyed and the plate has to be cut away and replaced by a new plate. E~en if the titanium plate is not destroyed, perpendicular stresses will ar.ise in it which, in unfavourable cases, can lead to fractures later on.
10. One object of the present invention is to provide a method of attaching.a plate of one material to a second plate which does not suffer these disadvantages.
According. to the invention there is provided a method for attaching a first plate of a first metal to a second 15. plate of a second metal, including the steps of forming a hole through the plates; introducing a pin shaped attaching member into the hole, the attaching memb.er being made of the first metal, or a metaL weldable thereto, and having one end which has been provided with 20. a sidewardly bendable edge portion, the attaching member being introduced into the hole 50 that the said end extends outside the first plate so that it cannot mo~e axially outwardly from the first plate; bending the edge portion over sidewards towards the surface of the 25. first plate so that the plates are drawn together by the reaction force around the hole; and welding the edge portion circumferentially to the first plate.
Due to the fact that the plates are pressed together around the hole the risk of o~ygen heing admitted between 30. the plates at the root of the weld is reduced, and so ~L~6~L~i3~ .
3.
the qua]ity of the weld around the pin is improved.
Preferably, the edge portion is melted during the welding process, which may be completed without any welding wire.
5. The heat needed for melting the comparatively thin ~ent over edge portion 14 o~ the shank 10 may be small enough to ensure that there will ~e no risk of melting through the lining plate due to too much heat. In fact, a very thin lining plate can be used without involving 10. any such ris~. Also due to the fact that welding must not be commenced and carried out until after the pin has been located and been bent over at its end, the assembly work may be far simplified. Furthermore, the welding can be carried out by unskilled welders due to 15. the fac~ that, normally, no welding wire is re~uired.
Finally, compared with the earlier method described above further advantages of the present invention are that threading of the attaching element and the hole is not required, the weld quality around the attaching 20. member tends to be better, and the welding time may be significantly reduced.
Preferably, one end of the attaching member is of such a shape and size that following welding, the welded portion and the welded end extend essentially level 25. with the sur~ace of the first plate.
Preferably, the hole is drilled straight through the plates and~as the attaching member a headed pin is used, the head of which is brought into contac-t with the outside of the second plate. Con~eniently, the one 30. end of the attaching member has a central recess, the 3~
the qua]ity of the weld around the pin is improved.
Preferably, the edge portion is melted during the welding process, which may be completed without any welding wire.
5. The heat needed for melting the comparatively thin ~ent over edge portion 14 o~ the shank 10 may be small enough to ensure that there will ~e no risk of melting through the lining plate due to too much heat. In fact, a very thin lining plate can be used without involving 10. any such ris~. Also due to the fact that welding must not be commenced and carried out until after the pin has been located and been bent over at its end, the assembly work may be far simplified. Furthermore, the welding can be carried out by unskilled welders due to 15. the fac~ that, normally, no welding wire is re~uired.
Finally, compared with the earlier method described above further advantages of the present invention are that threading of the attaching element and the hole is not required, the weld quality around the attaching 20. member tends to be better, and the welding time may be significantly reduced.
Preferably, one end of the attaching member is of such a shape and size that following welding, the welded portion and the welded end extend essentially level 25. with the sur~ace of the first plate.
Preferably, the hole is drilled straight through the plates and~as the attaching member a headed pin is used, the head of which is brought into contac-t with the outside of the second plate. Con~eniently, the one 30. end of the attaching member has a central recess, the 3~
4.
edge wall of which forms the bendable edge portion.
The invention also extends to an attachment member suitable for use in the methods in accordance with the invention described above.
edge wall of which forms the bendable edge portion.
The invention also extends to an attachment member suitable for use in the methods in accordance with the invention described above.
5. The method according to the invention is by no means limited to lining new receptacles and Yessels. It can also be used to great advantage for lining older vessels, in which the thickness of the outer shell has been reduced due to corrosion, since a method in lO. accordance with the inYentiOn does not require a blind hole in the outer shell, as in the earlier known method.
Another area of use is scar~ing in rolling mills in connection with changing from milling plate of one material to milling plate of another material. For this 15. purpose blast welding of the seam has thus far been used. It transpires that the great stresses in the rolling mill inYolve a great risk that the blast wela may fail. HoweYer, the joining method according to the invention may eliminate the risk of the plates 20. separating from each other.
The inYentiOn may be carried into practice in various ways and one embodiment will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which Figures l to 3 illustrate three 25- successive steps in carrying out the method according to the in~ention.
The three Figures illustrate in section a small portion of the wall of a receptacle or a vessel with a round or rectangular shape. An inner lining in the form of a titanium plate is designated 2 and the outer shell of the vessel is designated 4.
1L2~ i30 The outer shell consists of unalloyed or stainless steel.
In order to attach the lining 2 to the shell 4, a number of through holes are drilled through the S. titanium plate 2 and the lining plate 4. One of these holes is shown in the Figures and is designated 6.
From the outside a pin shaped attaching member with a head 8 and a shank 10 is introduced into the hole so that the head is brought into contact with the plate 4.
10. The shank 10 has a central recess 12 in its end that leaves an edge portion 14. The attaching member is of the same material as the lining plate 2 or alternatively is o~ a material that is easily weldable to this material.
15. By means of a mandrel indicated at 16 the edge portion 14 of the recess 12 is bent outwardly so that it is brought into contact with.the edge of the lining plate 2 and thereby the plates 2 and 4 are drawn together around the hole 6 between the head 8 a~d the edge 20. portion 14 thus bent. Practical experiments haYe shown that bending the end portion of the shank outwardly through approximately 45 is enough., as is indicated in Figure.2.
Welding, so called TIG-welding in the conte~mplated 25. embodiment, is now commenced by melting down the bent over edge portion 14. Then the weld is completed without the aid of any welding wire, so that a weld 18 with a root indicated at 20 and ~ith the appearance indicated in Figure 3 is obtained. Only in exceptional 30. ~a~es is the addition of material in the form of welding 45i30 wire necessary. The end of the shank 10 and the surface o~ the weld facing outwardly are thus essentially left level with the inside of the lining plate 2.
As an example, the following suitable dimensions of 5. the attaching element are given.
Protruding length o~ the s~,iank abo~e the lining plate 2 = Thickness of the lining plate 2.
Depth of the recess 12 = Thickness of the lining plate 2.
10. Height of the head 8 = Thickness of the lining plate 2 + 1 mm.
Diameter of the head 8 = Thickness of the shank lo ~ 5 mm.
Generally, the length of the pin is adapted and the 15. protruding pin end is shaped so that said end contains the correct amount of material to be able to serve as the additional material required in connection with the TIG-welding process.
Another area of use is scar~ing in rolling mills in connection with changing from milling plate of one material to milling plate of another material. For this 15. purpose blast welding of the seam has thus far been used. It transpires that the great stresses in the rolling mill inYolve a great risk that the blast wela may fail. HoweYer, the joining method according to the invention may eliminate the risk of the plates 20. separating from each other.
The inYentiOn may be carried into practice in various ways and one embodiment will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which Figures l to 3 illustrate three 25- successive steps in carrying out the method according to the in~ention.
The three Figures illustrate in section a small portion of the wall of a receptacle or a vessel with a round or rectangular shape. An inner lining in the form of a titanium plate is designated 2 and the outer shell of the vessel is designated 4.
1L2~ i30 The outer shell consists of unalloyed or stainless steel.
In order to attach the lining 2 to the shell 4, a number of through holes are drilled through the S. titanium plate 2 and the lining plate 4. One of these holes is shown in the Figures and is designated 6.
From the outside a pin shaped attaching member with a head 8 and a shank 10 is introduced into the hole so that the head is brought into contact with the plate 4.
10. The shank 10 has a central recess 12 in its end that leaves an edge portion 14. The attaching member is of the same material as the lining plate 2 or alternatively is o~ a material that is easily weldable to this material.
15. By means of a mandrel indicated at 16 the edge portion 14 of the recess 12 is bent outwardly so that it is brought into contact with.the edge of the lining plate 2 and thereby the plates 2 and 4 are drawn together around the hole 6 between the head 8 a~d the edge 20. portion 14 thus bent. Practical experiments haYe shown that bending the end portion of the shank outwardly through approximately 45 is enough., as is indicated in Figure.2.
Welding, so called TIG-welding in the conte~mplated 25. embodiment, is now commenced by melting down the bent over edge portion 14. Then the weld is completed without the aid of any welding wire, so that a weld 18 with a root indicated at 20 and ~ith the appearance indicated in Figure 3 is obtained. Only in exceptional 30. ~a~es is the addition of material in the form of welding 45i30 wire necessary. The end of the shank 10 and the surface o~ the weld facing outwardly are thus essentially left level with the inside of the lining plate 2.
As an example, the following suitable dimensions of 5. the attaching element are given.
Protruding length o~ the s~,iank abo~e the lining plate 2 = Thickness of the lining plate 2.
Depth of the recess 12 = Thickness of the lining plate 2.
10. Height of the head 8 = Thickness of the lining plate 2 + 1 mm.
Diameter of the head 8 = Thickness of the shank lo ~ 5 mm.
Generally, the length of the pin is adapted and the 15. protruding pin end is shaped so that said end contains the correct amount of material to be able to serve as the additional material required in connection with the TIG-welding process.
Claims (7)
1. A method for attaching a first plate of a first metal to a second plate of a second metal, including the steps of forming a hole through the plates; introd-ucing a pin shaped attaching member into the hole, the attaching member being made of the first metal, or a metal weldable thereto, and having one end which has been provided with a sidewardly bendable edge portion, the attaching member being introduced into the hole so that the said end extends outside the first plate so that it cannot move axially outwardly from the first plate;
bending the edge portion over sidewards towards the surface of the first plate so that the plates are drawn together by the reaction force around the hole; and welding the edge portion circumferentially to the first plate.
bending the edge portion over sidewards towards the surface of the first plate so that the plates are drawn together by the reaction force around the hole; and welding the edge portion circumferentially to the first plate.
2. A method as claimed in Claim 1 in which the edge portion is melted during the welding process.
3. A method as claimed in Claim 2 in which after melting, the welding is completed without any welding wire.
4. A method as claimed in any of Claims 1 to 3 in which the one end of the attaching member is of such a shape and size that, following welding, the welded portion and the welded end extend essentially level with the surface of the first plate.
5. A method as claimed in Claim 1, 2 or 3 in which the hole is drilled straight through the plates and as the attaching member a headed pin is used, the head of which is brought into contact with the outside of the second plate.
6. A method as claimed in Claim 1, 2 or 3 in which the said one end of the attaching member has a central recess the edge wall of which forms the bendable edge portion.
7. A method as claimed in Claim 1, 2 or 3 in which the first material it titanium or alloy steel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000466067A CA1264530A (en) | 1984-10-23 | 1984-10-23 | Method of attaching a first metal plate to a second metal plate, and an attaching means for executing the method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000466067A CA1264530A (en) | 1984-10-23 | 1984-10-23 | Method of attaching a first metal plate to a second metal plate, and an attaching means for executing the method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1264530A true CA1264530A (en) | 1990-01-23 |
Family
ID=4128975
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000466067A Expired - Fee Related CA1264530A (en) | 1984-10-23 | 1984-10-23 | Method of attaching a first metal plate to a second metal plate, and an attaching means for executing the method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1264530A (en) |
-
1984
- 1984-10-23 CA CA000466067A patent/CA1264530A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |