CA1255242A - Process for the selective production of petrochemical products - Google Patents
Process for the selective production of petrochemical productsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1255242A CA1255242A CA000478957A CA478957A CA1255242A CA 1255242 A CA1255242 A CA 1255242A CA 000478957 A CA000478957 A CA 000478957A CA 478957 A CA478957 A CA 478957A CA 1255242 A CA1255242 A CA 1255242A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- hydrocarbons
- process according
- cracking
- starting
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 154
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 136
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 136
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 19
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 56
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 30
- -1 methyl radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 15
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 10
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005235 decoking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KNDAEDDIIQYRHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C=1C(=NN(C=1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)CN1CCNCC1 KNDAEDDIIQYRHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-IGMARMGPSA-N Protium Chemical compound [1H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010420 art technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940000425 combination drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940077445 dimethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N methamphetamine Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002040 relaxant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004230 steam cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/34—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts
- C10G9/36—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
- C10G9/38—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours produced by partial combustion of the material to be cracked or by combustion of another hydrocarbon
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/582—Recycling of unreacted starting or intermediate materials
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP73022/1984 | 1984-04-13 | ||
| JP59073022A JPS60219292A (ja) | 1984-04-13 | 1984-04-13 | 石油化学製品の選択的製造法 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1255242A true CA1255242A (en) | 1989-06-06 |
Family
ID=13506293
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000478957A Expired CA1255242A (en) | 1984-04-13 | 1985-04-12 | Process for the selective production of petrochemical products |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4725349A (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP0158589B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JPS60219292A (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU4106885A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA1255242A (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE3579932D1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (33)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4328188C2 (de) * | 1993-08-21 | 1996-04-18 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Synthesegas |
| KR20150029004A (ko) * | 2006-01-23 | 2015-03-17 | 사우디 베이식 인더스트리즈 코포레이션 | 열 집적과 함께 천연가스로부터 에틸렌을 생산하는 방법 |
| US8702971B2 (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2014-04-22 | Uop Llc | Process and apparatus for alkylating and hydrogenating a light cycle oil |
| US10603657B2 (en) | 2016-04-11 | 2020-03-31 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Nano-sized zeolite supported catalysts and methods for their production |
| US10563141B2 (en) | 2016-05-13 | 2020-02-18 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Conversion of crude oil to petrochemicals |
| US11084992B2 (en) | 2016-06-02 | 2021-08-10 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Systems and methods for upgrading heavy oils |
| US10301556B2 (en) | 2016-08-24 | 2019-05-28 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Systems and methods for the conversion of feedstock hydrocarbons to petrochemical products |
| US10689587B2 (en) | 2017-04-26 | 2020-06-23 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Systems and processes for conversion of crude oil |
| KR102472274B1 (ko) | 2017-07-17 | 2022-12-02 | 사우디 아라비안 오일 컴퍼니 | 중질유 개질에 이은 증류에 의한 중질유 처리 시스템 및 방법 |
| US11572517B2 (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2023-02-07 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Processing facility to produce hydrogen and petrochemicals |
| US11193072B2 (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2021-12-07 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Processing facility to form hydrogen and petrochemicals |
| US11680521B2 (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2023-06-20 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Integrated production of hydrogen, petrochemicals, and power |
| US11426708B2 (en) | 2020-03-02 | 2022-08-30 | King Abdullah University Of Science And Technology | Potassium-promoted red mud as a catalyst for forming hydrocarbons from carbon dioxide |
| US11279891B2 (en) | 2020-03-05 | 2022-03-22 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Systems and processes for direct crude oil upgrading to hydrogen and chemicals |
| US11492255B2 (en) | 2020-04-03 | 2022-11-08 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Steam methane reforming with steam regeneration |
| CN111579759B (zh) * | 2020-05-24 | 2024-06-28 | 北京化工大学 | 一种评价重质油品热裂解起始温度的方法 |
| US11420915B2 (en) | 2020-06-11 | 2022-08-23 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Red mud as a catalyst for the isomerization of olefins |
| US11495814B2 (en) | 2020-06-17 | 2022-11-08 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Utilizing black powder for electrolytes for flow batteries |
| US11492254B2 (en) | 2020-06-18 | 2022-11-08 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Hydrogen production with membrane reformer |
| US11583824B2 (en) | 2020-06-18 | 2023-02-21 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Hydrogen production with membrane reformer |
| US11999619B2 (en) | 2020-06-18 | 2024-06-04 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Hydrogen production with membrane reactor |
| US12000056B2 (en) | 2020-06-18 | 2024-06-04 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Tandem electrolysis cell |
| US11814289B2 (en) | 2021-01-04 | 2023-11-14 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Black powder catalyst for hydrogen production via steam reforming |
| US11724943B2 (en) | 2021-01-04 | 2023-08-15 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Black powder catalyst for hydrogen production via dry reforming |
| US11427519B2 (en) | 2021-01-04 | 2022-08-30 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Acid modified red mud as a catalyst for olefin isomerization |
| US11820658B2 (en) | 2021-01-04 | 2023-11-21 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Black powder catalyst for hydrogen production via autothermal reforming |
| US11718522B2 (en) | 2021-01-04 | 2023-08-08 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Black powder catalyst for hydrogen production via bi-reforming |
| US11718575B2 (en) | 2021-08-12 | 2023-08-08 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Methanol production via dry reforming and methanol synthesis in a vessel |
| US11578016B1 (en) | 2021-08-12 | 2023-02-14 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Olefin production via dry reforming and olefin synthesis in a vessel |
| US11787759B2 (en) | 2021-08-12 | 2023-10-17 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Dimethyl ether production via dry reforming and dimethyl ether synthesis in a vessel |
| US12258272B2 (en) | 2021-08-12 | 2025-03-25 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Dry reforming of methane using a nickel-based bi-metallic catalyst |
| US11617981B1 (en) | 2022-01-03 | 2023-04-04 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Method for capturing CO2 with assisted vapor compression |
| US12018392B2 (en) | 2022-01-03 | 2024-06-25 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Methods for producing syngas from H2S and CO2 in an electrochemical cell |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2698830A (en) * | 1950-10-06 | 1955-01-04 | Texaco Development Corp | Hydrocarbon conversion process |
| US2964551A (en) * | 1957-03-27 | 1960-12-13 | Ici Ltd | Production of unsaturated hydrocarbons and methanol |
| GB1116521A (en) * | 1964-08-24 | 1968-06-06 | Kureha Chemical Ind Co Ltd | A process for the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons |
| NL6802193A (enExample) * | 1967-02-23 | 1968-08-26 | ||
| US3579438A (en) * | 1970-04-20 | 1971-05-18 | Monsanto Co | Thermal cracking |
| US4012455A (en) * | 1974-07-31 | 1977-03-15 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Upgrading refinery light olefins with hydrogen contributor |
| US4136015A (en) * | 1977-06-07 | 1979-01-23 | Union Carbide Corporation | Process for the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons |
| DE2852314A1 (de) * | 1978-12-04 | 1980-06-26 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von ethylen |
| US4321131A (en) * | 1981-04-15 | 1982-03-23 | Union Carbide Corporation | Process for heat carrier generation |
| JPS59159887A (ja) * | 1983-03-03 | 1984-09-10 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 炭化水素からオレフインを製造するための熱分解法 |
| JPS601138A (ja) * | 1983-06-17 | 1985-01-07 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 炭化水素からオレフイン、および芳香族炭化水素を選択的に製造するための熱分解法 |
| JPS6011585A (ja) * | 1983-06-30 | 1985-01-21 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 炭化水素から石油化学製品を製造するための熱分解法 |
| JPS6011584A (ja) * | 1983-06-30 | 1985-01-21 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 炭化水素から石油化学製品を選択的に製造するための熱分解法 |
-
1984
- 1984-04-13 JP JP59073022A patent/JPS60219292A/ja active Granted
-
1985
- 1985-04-10 DE DE8585730056T patent/DE3579932D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-04-10 EP EP85730056A patent/EP0158589B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-04-12 AU AU41068/85A patent/AU4106885A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1985-04-12 CA CA000478957A patent/CA1255242A/en not_active Expired
-
1986
- 1986-10-07 US US06/916,363 patent/US4725349A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS60219292A (ja) | 1985-11-01 |
| US4725349A (en) | 1988-02-16 |
| DE3579932D1 (de) | 1990-11-08 |
| EP0158589B1 (en) | 1990-10-03 |
| AU4106885A (en) | 1985-10-17 |
| JPH0542477B2 (enExample) | 1993-06-28 |
| EP0158589A3 (en) | 1988-01-13 |
| EP0158589A2 (en) | 1985-10-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |