CA1229453A - Liquid retaining structures - Google Patents
Liquid retaining structuresInfo
- Publication number
- CA1229453A CA1229453A CA000467505A CA467505A CA1229453A CA 1229453 A CA1229453 A CA 1229453A CA 000467505 A CA000467505 A CA 000467505A CA 467505 A CA467505 A CA 467505A CA 1229453 A CA1229453 A CA 1229453A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- concrete
- wall
- floor
- cavity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A method of forming a liquid retaining structure such as a swimming pool by applying to the walls of a cavity in the ground a first layer of concrete such as a Portland cement, sand, aggregate mix and applying over the first layer a second layer of concrete containing steel fibres, the second layer being extended above the first layer to define a coping beam around the pool periphery.
A method of forming a liquid retaining structure such as a swimming pool by applying to the walls of a cavity in the ground a first layer of concrete such as a Portland cement, sand, aggregate mix and applying over the first layer a second layer of concrete containing steel fibres, the second layer being extended above the first layer to define a coping beam around the pool periphery.
Description
THIS INVENTION relates to improvements to liquid retaining structures and in particular to improved swimming pool constructions.
Ingrained liquid retaining structures, or example swimming pools, are formed by many different methods. In a common form of construction, an area of ground is excavated and a reinforcing structure normally formed by interconnecting a plurality of reinforcing rods is placed within the excavation. Furthermore, a reinforcing structure is formed within boxing form work around the upper periphery of the pool to define the pool coping and provide the required structural strength.
Subsequently, concrete is applied preferably by spraying to cover the reinforcing structure to form the pool walls, floor and coping. In this known arrangement, however, a considerable period of time is required to bend and interconnect the reinforcing rods to form the reinforcing structure and accordingly, the construction method can be relatively expensive. Furthermore, the time delay between forming the reinforcing and applying the concrete can cause difficulties if weather conditions subsequently prevent the application of the concrete.
The present invention aims to overcome or alleviate at least some of the above disadvantages by providing an improved method of forming a liquid retaining structure which at least substantially reduces and in some circumstances completely eliminates the use of a separate reinforcing structure and which, therefore, enables the
Ingrained liquid retaining structures, or example swimming pools, are formed by many different methods. In a common form of construction, an area of ground is excavated and a reinforcing structure normally formed by interconnecting a plurality of reinforcing rods is placed within the excavation. Furthermore, a reinforcing structure is formed within boxing form work around the upper periphery of the pool to define the pool coping and provide the required structural strength.
Subsequently, concrete is applied preferably by spraying to cover the reinforcing structure to form the pool walls, floor and coping. In this known arrangement, however, a considerable period of time is required to bend and interconnect the reinforcing rods to form the reinforcing structure and accordingly, the construction method can be relatively expensive. Furthermore, the time delay between forming the reinforcing and applying the concrete can cause difficulties if weather conditions subsequently prevent the application of the concrete.
The present invention aims to overcome or alleviate at least some of the above disadvantages by providing an improved method of forming a liquid retaining structure which at least substantially reduces and in some circumstances completely eliminates the use of a separate reinforcing structure and which, therefore, enables the
- 2 -rapid and economical constructiorl of a liquid retaining structure such as a pool. Other objects and advantage of the invention will become apparent herein.
With the above and other objects in view, tnia invention resides broadly in a method of forming a liquid retaining structure, including the steps of applying to a side wall of a cavity formed in the ground a first mix of concrete to define a first wall layer; applying to said first wall layer a second concrete mix to form a second wall layer, said second concrete mix containing steel fires and said second wall layer being extruded upwardly above said first wall layer to define about at least portion of the upper periphery of said liquid retaining structure a reinforced coping beam.
In order that the invention may be more readily understood and put into practical effect, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings wherein:-Fig. 1 is a cut-away view showing the wall and floor construction of one form of liquid retaining structure according to toe present invention; and Figs. 2 and 3 illustrate in sectional view alternative embodiments of a wall and adjacent portion of the floor of liquid retaining structures in accordance with the invention.
In a construction of a pool in accordance with the present invention and a shown in Fig. l, a suitable site for the pool is initially excavated to form a cavity 10 to a desired pyrometrically shape having at least one upstanding side wall 11 and a floor 12 which may be .
of any desired contour. Normally at least the exit side wall 11 is relatively rough and undulating due tug the nature of the excavation equipment employed.
After formation of the cavity 10, a concrete mix is applied preferably by spraying directly onto the excavated side wall 11 to form a first layer of concrete 13. This first layer of concrete fills in undulations in the excavated wall and is applied so as to form a substant-tally even surface 14 to accept a second layer of concrete mix. The concrete mix in the first layer comprises a Port land cement, aggregate, sand and water mix, or any other relatively inexpensive cement mix and will hereinafter be referred to as lea first concrete mix".
Tory the first layer 14 is formed and allowed to at least substantially set, a concrete mix reinforced with steel fires (commonly known as FIBRESTEEL~
is applied to the first layer surface 14 to form a second inner layer 15 which defines the inner wall of the pool.
The steel fire reinforced layer at the same time is also extended upwardly above the first layer 13 to form a coping beam 16 with or without the assistance of conventional stuttering or boxing arrangements. The so-formed coping berm 16 extends around the upper perimeter of the pool and being formed of steel fire reinforced concrete, defines I a structural berm member which is Effective to resist occupy and/or herding stresses which may be venerated in the pool. This, therefore, permits the elimination of conventional reinforcing rods or the like which are normally , 5~3 used in formation of a coping beam whilst maintaining the necessary structural strength in the pool. Furthermore, the inner steel fire reinforced layer 15 also acts as a structural element to resist stresses.
The above construction therefore is relatively inexpensive as use of reinforcing rods may be eliminate by the use of the outer relatively thick first layer of relatively inexpensive concrete and an inner relatively thin layer of more expensive steel fire reinforced concrete.
A pool constructed in accordance with the above method is particularly suitable for use with a flexible vinyl liner 17 and for this purpose the excavated loon of the pool may be covered with a sand bed 18 and fixing strip 19 attached to the inner steel fire reinforcing concrete wall adjacent the upper edge of the coping 16 so that the vinyl liner 17 is supported in use.
Alternatively, the sand bed 18 may be replaced by steel mesh reinforced concrete, steel fire reinforced concrete or other concrete reinforced with ibres such as polypropylene fires. Furthermore, conventional brick or exposed aggregate or other finish can be applied to the coping to form the normal pool walk around area 20.
In a further embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 2, the first concrete mix layer 13 applied to the side walls may also be extended to form a floor layer 22 end for this purpose, the floor layer 22 is preferably ,"
so applied over a sand bed 23 initially laid on the flyer of the excavated cavity lug. floor reinforcing assembly 24 preferably comprising a plurality of inter-connected reinforcing rods is arranged over the floor layer 22 and extended upwardly partly along the surface 14 of the wall layer 13 as illustra Ed A steel fire reinforced concrete mix is then sprayed on to the surface 14 of the outer wall layer 13 to form the inner wall layer 15 which as in the above embodiment is extended upwardly above the layer 13 to define the reinforced coping beau 16. The floor layer 22 is then covered with a further layer 25 of concrete which covers the reinforcing assembly 24. In this arrangement, or the arrangement of Fig 1, the walls and floor of the pool may be finished with colored or plain concrete render, synthetic plastic render, sprayed pebble or an exposed aggregate finish, or alter-natively, a vinyl liner may be-fit-ted.
In yet an alternative method of construction shown in Fig. I the outer wall layer 13 it initially formed and subsequently a floor reinforcing assembly 26 preferably comprising a plurality of interconnected rein-forcing rods, is arranged at the floor 12 of the excavation and extended partly along the surface 14 of the wall layer 13 as illustrated. A steel fire reinforced concrete mix is then sprayed onto the outer wall layer 13 to form the inner wall layer I so khaki the upwardly extending portions of the reinforcing are covered. The steel fire reinforced layer 15 is also extended upwardly to define the coping 16 ' ., So in the manner described above. The floor of the exca~ ion may then be sprayed with concrete mix preferably of the type used for the first layer 13 to cover the floor reinforcing and form a reinforced concrete pool floor 27.
The walls and floor of the pool may then be finished in any of the above described manners.
Preferably the steel fire reinforced concrete side walls on the above embodiments are constructed to be approximately 25 mm. to 70 mm. in thickness. Thus, the method of construction of the present invention enables pools or other liquid retaining structures to be manufactured quickly and efficiently and with a minimum of cost, whilst the elimination of or reduction in the use of reinforcing material enables the construction of a pool in a relatively short time.
The method ox the present invention is particularly suitable to the construction of rectangular pools. However, of course the method may be applied to any shape ox pool or other liquid retaining structure.
Whilst the above has been given by way of illustrative embodiment of the present invention t all such modifications and variations a would be apparent to persons skilled in the art are deemed to Hall within the broad scope and gambit ox the invention as herein defined by the appended claims.
With the above and other objects in view, tnia invention resides broadly in a method of forming a liquid retaining structure, including the steps of applying to a side wall of a cavity formed in the ground a first mix of concrete to define a first wall layer; applying to said first wall layer a second concrete mix to form a second wall layer, said second concrete mix containing steel fires and said second wall layer being extruded upwardly above said first wall layer to define about at least portion of the upper periphery of said liquid retaining structure a reinforced coping beam.
In order that the invention may be more readily understood and put into practical effect, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings wherein:-Fig. 1 is a cut-away view showing the wall and floor construction of one form of liquid retaining structure according to toe present invention; and Figs. 2 and 3 illustrate in sectional view alternative embodiments of a wall and adjacent portion of the floor of liquid retaining structures in accordance with the invention.
In a construction of a pool in accordance with the present invention and a shown in Fig. l, a suitable site for the pool is initially excavated to form a cavity 10 to a desired pyrometrically shape having at least one upstanding side wall 11 and a floor 12 which may be .
of any desired contour. Normally at least the exit side wall 11 is relatively rough and undulating due tug the nature of the excavation equipment employed.
After formation of the cavity 10, a concrete mix is applied preferably by spraying directly onto the excavated side wall 11 to form a first layer of concrete 13. This first layer of concrete fills in undulations in the excavated wall and is applied so as to form a substant-tally even surface 14 to accept a second layer of concrete mix. The concrete mix in the first layer comprises a Port land cement, aggregate, sand and water mix, or any other relatively inexpensive cement mix and will hereinafter be referred to as lea first concrete mix".
Tory the first layer 14 is formed and allowed to at least substantially set, a concrete mix reinforced with steel fires (commonly known as FIBRESTEEL~
is applied to the first layer surface 14 to form a second inner layer 15 which defines the inner wall of the pool.
The steel fire reinforced layer at the same time is also extended upwardly above the first layer 13 to form a coping beam 16 with or without the assistance of conventional stuttering or boxing arrangements. The so-formed coping berm 16 extends around the upper perimeter of the pool and being formed of steel fire reinforced concrete, defines I a structural berm member which is Effective to resist occupy and/or herding stresses which may be venerated in the pool. This, therefore, permits the elimination of conventional reinforcing rods or the like which are normally , 5~3 used in formation of a coping beam whilst maintaining the necessary structural strength in the pool. Furthermore, the inner steel fire reinforced layer 15 also acts as a structural element to resist stresses.
The above construction therefore is relatively inexpensive as use of reinforcing rods may be eliminate by the use of the outer relatively thick first layer of relatively inexpensive concrete and an inner relatively thin layer of more expensive steel fire reinforced concrete.
A pool constructed in accordance with the above method is particularly suitable for use with a flexible vinyl liner 17 and for this purpose the excavated loon of the pool may be covered with a sand bed 18 and fixing strip 19 attached to the inner steel fire reinforcing concrete wall adjacent the upper edge of the coping 16 so that the vinyl liner 17 is supported in use.
Alternatively, the sand bed 18 may be replaced by steel mesh reinforced concrete, steel fire reinforced concrete or other concrete reinforced with ibres such as polypropylene fires. Furthermore, conventional brick or exposed aggregate or other finish can be applied to the coping to form the normal pool walk around area 20.
In a further embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 2, the first concrete mix layer 13 applied to the side walls may also be extended to form a floor layer 22 end for this purpose, the floor layer 22 is preferably ,"
so applied over a sand bed 23 initially laid on the flyer of the excavated cavity lug. floor reinforcing assembly 24 preferably comprising a plurality of inter-connected reinforcing rods is arranged over the floor layer 22 and extended upwardly partly along the surface 14 of the wall layer 13 as illustra Ed A steel fire reinforced concrete mix is then sprayed on to the surface 14 of the outer wall layer 13 to form the inner wall layer 15 which as in the above embodiment is extended upwardly above the layer 13 to define the reinforced coping beau 16. The floor layer 22 is then covered with a further layer 25 of concrete which covers the reinforcing assembly 24. In this arrangement, or the arrangement of Fig 1, the walls and floor of the pool may be finished with colored or plain concrete render, synthetic plastic render, sprayed pebble or an exposed aggregate finish, or alter-natively, a vinyl liner may be-fit-ted.
In yet an alternative method of construction shown in Fig. I the outer wall layer 13 it initially formed and subsequently a floor reinforcing assembly 26 preferably comprising a plurality of interconnected rein-forcing rods, is arranged at the floor 12 of the excavation and extended partly along the surface 14 of the wall layer 13 as illustrated. A steel fire reinforced concrete mix is then sprayed onto the outer wall layer 13 to form the inner wall layer I so khaki the upwardly extending portions of the reinforcing are covered. The steel fire reinforced layer 15 is also extended upwardly to define the coping 16 ' ., So in the manner described above. The floor of the exca~ ion may then be sprayed with concrete mix preferably of the type used for the first layer 13 to cover the floor reinforcing and form a reinforced concrete pool floor 27.
The walls and floor of the pool may then be finished in any of the above described manners.
Preferably the steel fire reinforced concrete side walls on the above embodiments are constructed to be approximately 25 mm. to 70 mm. in thickness. Thus, the method of construction of the present invention enables pools or other liquid retaining structures to be manufactured quickly and efficiently and with a minimum of cost, whilst the elimination of or reduction in the use of reinforcing material enables the construction of a pool in a relatively short time.
The method ox the present invention is particularly suitable to the construction of rectangular pools. However, of course the method may be applied to any shape ox pool or other liquid retaining structure.
Whilst the above has been given by way of illustrative embodiment of the present invention t all such modifications and variations a would be apparent to persons skilled in the art are deemed to Hall within the broad scope and gambit ox the invention as herein defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method of forming a liquid retaining structure, including the steps of applying to a side wall of a cavity formed in the ground a first mix of concrete to define a first wall layer; applying to said first wall layer a second concrete mix to form a second wall layer, said second concrete mix containing steel fibres and said second wall layer being extended upwardly above said first wall layer to define about at least portion of the upper periphery of said liquid retaining structure a reinforced coping beam.
2. A method according to Claim 1 and including the further steps of applying a layer of material to the floor of said cavity and thereafter applying lining means to said second wall layer and said floor layer.
3. A method according to Claim 2, wherein said lining means comprises a vinyl liner releasably secured to said second wall layer adjacent the upper edge thereof.
4. A method according to Claim 2, wherein said layer of material applied to the floor of said cavity comprises sand.
5. A method according to Claim 2, wherein said layer of material applied to the floor of said cavity comprises reinforced concrete.
6. A method according to Claim 5, wherein said reinforced concrete comprises a fibre reinforced concrete.
7. A method according to Claim 5, wherein said reinforced concrete includes a plurality of reinforcing elements, and wherein said reinforcing elements are applied to the floor of said cavity and extended upwardly partly along said first wall layer prior to the application of said second layer thereto.
8. A liquid retaining structure formed in a cavity in the ground, said liquid retaining structure including a side wall comprising a first layer of concrete applied to the wall of said cavity and a second layer of concrete applied to said first layer, said second layer of concrete containing steel fibres, and said second layer extending upwardly beyond said first layer to define a reinforced coping beam around the periphery of said structure.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU235183 | 1983-11-11 | ||
| AUPG2351 | 1983-11-11 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1229453A true CA1229453A (en) | 1987-11-24 |
Family
ID=3692859
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000467505A Expired CA1229453A (en) | 1983-11-11 | 1984-11-09 | Liquid retaining structures |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1229453A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5425144A (en) * | 1993-09-24 | 1995-06-20 | Cornelius; Kerry J. | Above ground pool components |
-
1984
- 1984-11-09 CA CA000467505A patent/CA1229453A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5425144A (en) * | 1993-09-24 | 1995-06-20 | Cornelius; Kerry J. | Above ground pool components |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |