CA1221879A - Coal-water burner assembly and method - Google Patents

Coal-water burner assembly and method

Info

Publication number
CA1221879A
CA1221879A CA000455580A CA455580A CA1221879A CA 1221879 A CA1221879 A CA 1221879A CA 000455580 A CA000455580 A CA 000455580A CA 455580 A CA455580 A CA 455580A CA 1221879 A CA1221879 A CA 1221879A
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
air
low velocity
introducing
assembly
discharge pattern
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CA000455580A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Norman Buckland
Ruben J. Martin
Robert H. Hickman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Forney Engineering Co
Original Assignee
Forney Engineering Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Forney Engineering Co filed Critical Forney Engineering Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA1221879A publication Critical patent/CA1221879A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F23C7/004Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion using vanes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/008Flow control devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D1/00Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • F23D1/005Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel burning a mixture of pulverulent fuel delivered as a slurry, i.e. comprising a carrying liquid

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE

A burner assembly and method for burning a mixture of coal and water in which a high velocity swirling mass of air is intro-duced around the mixture as the latter discharges from a burner.
A low velocity swirling mass of air is also introduced between the discharging coal-water mixture and the high velocity air.

Description

~ZZ~ 79 CO~L-W~'rF'~ ~UI~ER ASSEM~LY AND METHOD

B~C~ O~ND OF` THE T~VEN'rrON

Thi~ invention rPlates to a burner assembly and method for burning a mixture of coal and water and mor~ particularly, to such an assembly and method in which both high velocity air and low velocity air are introduced to support the coal-water mixture in the combustion process.
Coal-water mixtures, i.e., pulverized coal mixed with up to 30 water, provide an attractive al~ernative to natural qas or oil for use in bDrners in boilers, vapor generators, or the like, since a coal-water mixture can be pumped, stored and atomi~ed like a liquid fuel, yet is not as expensive.
However, to burn such a fuel requires a design approa~h dif-ferent from that used isl conventional liquid fuel burners since the latter have comparatively high flame propagation rates in the pri-mary combustion zone providing the capability of easy ignition and flame stabilization. High flame propagation rates allow for the use of high velocity combustion air, and traditionally this type of burner use~ a single fitr~am o~ high velocity combustion air.
However, this design approach has proved unsuitable in burning coal/wat~r mixtures resultin~ in the inability to stabilize the flame without the use of high capacity oil or ga~fired ignitors and in heavy fall-out of unburned coal particles from the flame envelope.

~. .

~!

~Z2~879 5U~M_~lY OF rrtlE INVENTION

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a burner assemb1y and metllod for a coal-water mixture burner in which a~ceptable ignition ~n~ fL.~ s~abili~y are achieved.
It is another object of the present invention.to provide an a~semb1y and ~ethod of the above type in which fall-out of unburned coal particles from the f~ame enve1Ope is minimized.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an assembly and method of the above type which eliminates any adverse effect on the injection nozzle.
It is a still further object of the present invention to pro-vide an a~sembly and method of the above type in which adequate residence time of the mixture in the combustion area is insured.
It is a still further object of the present invention to pro-vide an assemb1y and method of the above type in which a compact, low velocity, high telnp~rature "drying zone~ is provided wherein the coal partio1es can be sufficient1y dried before re1ease to the main flame envelope.
Toward the fu1fillment o~ these and other objects, the burner '.
20 assemb1y and method of the present invention features the introduc- !
tion of a "dua1 ve1Ocity" combustion air system. The first zone provide~ a "pri~ary combustion and drying zone" and has extremaly low (less than 15 ft./sec.) velocity swirlin~ air applied around the injected coal/water mixture. This zone is a substantial part of the total burner throat area and is lined with refractory mater~al. The secondary zone provides the main mass of combustion air which is introduced at relatively high rotating velocity lup to 150 ft./sec.) around the periphery of the first zone~
-2-b~ ~
~221~79 s~IEF D_ c-l-p-~rlo-N OF THE DRAWINGS

The above brief description as well as further objects, features and advantages of the present inuention will be more fully a~preci~ted by r~ r.~nc~ to the followinq detailed description o~
presently preferred but nonetheless illustrative embodiment~ in accordance with the present invention when taken in conjunction wi th the accompanying drawings which is a partial schematic, par-tial cross-sectional view depicting the burner assembly of the pre-sent invention.

DE~CRIPTION OF TRE PREFERRED ~MBODIMENT

The assembly and method of the present invention wlll be described in connection with a vapor generator for the purposes of example, with the reference numeral 1~ in FIG. 1 of the drawings referring,to a wall which forms a portion o the furnace ~ection of the ~enerator.
A casinq wall 12 extend~ in a spaced, parallel relation with the wall 10 to define an interior portion 14, it being understood that the latter is bounded by upper and lower walls, as viewed in FIG. 1, to define an enclosure, or windbox, which receives air from a source, such as a fan, with the direction of the a.ir flow being shown in general by the flow arrows in FIG. 1.
An annular refractory collar 16 extends adjacent and within an opening formed in the wall 10 with its inner surface being shaped to define a throat portion 18 surroundins a combustion zone 20.
A tubular refractory throat 22 is provided adjacent the com-bustion zone 20 and together with the refractory throat 18 de-fine3 an annular passage 24. A tubular extension 26 is provided on the throat 22 and has an outwardly flared annular end portion 28 which ~ -3-!

.

,"f~ ~ I
~;21~3~9 suppor~s a circular ~ d~lnper 30. A pair of rollers ~2 are mo~lnted on th~ s.licit' damper 30 and are in a rollin~ engagement with a track 34 for p~rmit~in~ .s1id;lble mo~emcnt o~ the damper 30 rela-tive to the casirlq w~lll l~ to define and selectiv~ly vary the size of an inlet 3u ~Lin~ b~tw~en the flared end ~ortion 28 of the extension 26 and the casing wall 1~. As a result,.some of the air from the windbox 14 will pasY through the inlet 36, and into and through the extension 26 and the throat 22.
A burner asse~nbly, shown in general by the reference numeral 40, extends through the casin~ wall 12 with its discharge end bein~
located a slight distance inwardly fro~ the correspondinq end por-tion of the throat 22. The burner assembly 40 includes a fuel ~un 42 having a barrel 44 extending wi~hin a tubular casing 46 in a slightly spaced relationship, and an air inlet 48 adapted to intro-duce cooliu~ air between the barrel 44 and the casing 46. The discharge end 44a of the barrel extends sliqhtly outwardly from the casin~ 46 and is adapted to inject a mixture of coal and water in a s~bstantially conical pattern into the combustion zone 20 and the interior of the furnace. It is understood that an ato~izer ~not shown) is provided on the discharge end 44a to atomize the fuel froln the gun 42. The ca~ing 46 is supported by a support structure 50 disposed on the exterior surEac~ of the casing wall 12, and a stationary swirler stabilixer, shown in general by the reference numeral 52, is disposed on the leading end portion of the casing 46. The function of the swirler stabilizer 52 will be described in detail later.
A ~lurality of register vanes 54 are journaled between a first annular plate 56 disposed adjacent the refractory collar 16, and a second annular plate 58 extending outwardly from, and supported by, -4- , I

i ~ 2~ 87~ ~

the refractory throdt 22. ~lthough only two vanes 54, are shown in the drawiny, several addi~ion~l vane~ are disposed in ~ circular relationship arouncl th~ latt~r throat. The plates 56 and 58 thus define a passage for s~ndar~ air from the winclbox 14 that passes thronyh the re-3ist~r v~rlis 5~, t-~lr~ gh ttle ann~l~r passa~e 2~, and into the combustion ~one 20. , A slide da~per 60 is provi~ed which defines, and varies the size of, an inl~t 62 for the air passing throuqh the register vanes 54. The slide damper 60 is supported by the annular plate 58 an~ ¦
has two wheels 66 that ride on a track 68 for selectively varying the size of the inlet 62 and therefore the amount of secondary air passing through the register vanes 54, the path 24 and to the com-bustion zone 20.
As ~hown in the drawings, the slide damper 30 is in a relati-vely closed position, thus defining a relatively small inlet opening 36 so that the velocity o the primary air passing into the ~, annular passage between the burner assembly 40 and the refractory throat ~2 and its casing 26 is relatively low, such as 1~ feet per second. The slide damper 60 is maintained in a relatively open 2~ po5ition permitting a hiqher velocity, such as 15a feet per second, of air flow through the reqister vane 54, the annular passage 24, and to the combustion zone 20.
In operation, the burner assembly 40 discharges the coal-water mixture in a substantially conical pattern into the combustion zone 20 and the mixture is ignited by any conventional ignitor (not shown). The primary air from the windbox 14 passes tbrough the inlet ~6 at a relatively low velocity and through the annular chamber between the burner assembly 40 and the throat 22 and its extension 26 as shown by the flow arrowsO The air then pa~ses through the swirler ~tc~ .er 52 where relatively low velocity vortex and stron~ recircu1~ion ~ones are created around the discharge end 44a of the barr~l 44.
S~condary air frofll t~,~ windbox 14 passes through the inlet 62 at a relatively high velocity and continues throuyh the register vanes 54 where a swirlîn~ effect i~ imparted to the air as it passes thro~gh the annular passage 24 into the co~bustion zone 20 as also -Qhown by the flow arrows. This high velocity ~ir envelop~
the substantially conical discharge pattern of the coal-water mix-1~ ture discharging from the burner assembly 40 and create~ an optimum rotational vortex which shapes the flame and causes flow reversals of the particulate fuel back toward3 the di~charge end 44a of the burner a~qembly 40. This results in superior ignition and flame st~bility and an adequate residence time of the fuel particles in the combustion zQne. Pn~bient t~mperature cooling air is introduced throuqh inlet 48 and passes through the annular space between the barrel 44 and the casing 46. The presence of the inner reEractory throat 22 enables a high temperature zone to be maintained to insure that the water content of the fuel mixture is flashed.
It is thus seen that as a result of the foregoing, alI of the advantages of the use of the mixture of coal and water can be achieved yet assuring satisfactory ignition, flame ~tability, ade-quate re~idence time of the coal particles, and insulation of the burner discharge nozzle.
A latitude of modification, change, and substitution is intended in the foregoing disclosure and in some instances some featu~es of the invention will be employed without ~ corresponding use of other features. Accordingly, it is appropriate that the appended claims be construed broadly and in a manner consistent with the spirit and s~ope of the invention therein.

f

Claims (11)

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A burner assembly comprising a discharge member, means for supplying coal and water to said discharge member, said discharge member discharging a mixture of said coal and water in a predetermined discharge pattern, means for introducing a swirling mass of air at a relatively low velocity around said discharge pattern to create a low velocity vortex surrounding said discharge pattern, and means for introducing a swirling mass of air at a relatively high velocity around said low velocity air to form a negative pressure zone and cause flow reversals of said mixture back towards said discharge member.
2. The assembly of claim 1 further comprising means for introducing a cooling air between said discharge pattern and said low velocity air.
3. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said discharge member is an elongated burner including a fuel gun and wherein said discharge pattern is substantially conical.
4. The assembly of claim 3 wherein said means for intro-ducing said swirling mass of low velocity air comprises an annu-lar throat extending around said burner assembly, means for introducing air to the area between said throat and said discharge member and means for imparting a swirl to said latter air as it discharges from said area.

- Page 1 of Claims -
5. The assembly of claim 4 wherein said discharge pattern extends within an opening formed in a furnace wall with which said burner assembly is associated, and wherein said means for introducing said swirling mass of high velocity air comprises means for introducing air to the area between said throat and said opening, and means for imparting a swirl to said latter air as it discharges from said latter area.
6. The assembly of claim 5 wherein each of said air intro-ducing means further comprises damper means respectively asso-ciated with each of said areas and adapted to communicate its respective area with a windbox, each of said damper means being adjustable to regulate the velocities of said respective masses of air.
7. A method for burning a mixture of coal and water, comprising the steps of discharging said mixture in a predeter-mined discharge pattern, introducing a swirling mass of air at a relatively low velocity around said discharge pattern, and intro-ducing a swirling mass of air at a relatively high velocity around said low velocity air to form a negative pressure zone and cause flow reversals of said mixture.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein said discharge pattern is substantially conical.
9. The method of claim 7 further comprising the steps of regulating the velocities of said low velocity air and said high - Page 2 of Claims -velocity air.
10. The method of claim 7 wherein said high velocity is approximately 150 feet per second and wherein said low velocity is approximately 15 feet per second.
11. The method of claim 7 further comprising the step of introducing a cooling air between said discharge pattern and said low velocity air.

- Page 3 of Claims -
CA000455580A 1983-06-03 1984-05-31 Coal-water burner assembly and method Expired CA1221879A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US50089883A 1983-06-03 1983-06-03
US500,898 1983-06-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA1221879A true CA1221879A (en) 1987-05-19

Family

ID=23991390

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA000455580A Expired CA1221879A (en) 1983-06-03 1984-05-31 Coal-water burner assembly and method

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0128085A3 (en)
JP (1) JPS6036815A (en)
CA (1) CA1221879A (en)
SE (1) SE8402929L (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2780488B1 (en) * 1998-06-24 2000-10-13 Pillard Chauffage IMPROVEMENT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUSES COMPRISING SEVERAL FUEL TRANSPORT LINES

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB291908A (en) * 1927-03-23 1928-06-14 John Graves Mckean Improvements in and relating to liquid fuel furnace fronts
GB662340A (en) * 1949-01-28 1951-12-05 Thomas Thompson Brown Improvements in or relating to furnace fronts for furnaces, boilers, stoves or the like
DE1551648C3 (en) * 1966-01-19 1979-12-13 Dumag Ohg, Dr.Techn. Ludwig Kaluza & Co, Wien Atomizing burners for liquid fuel
GB1495491A (en) * 1975-02-12 1977-12-21 Fascione P Process and apparatus for controlled recycling of combustion gases
GB1531601A (en) * 1976-02-18 1978-11-08 Foster Wheeler Power Prod Steam boilers
JPS5712209A (en) * 1980-06-04 1982-01-22 Foster Wheeler Corp Dual adjusting/double flow burner assembly
GB2105457B (en) * 1981-08-14 1985-07-10 Babcock Power Ltd Burner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6036815A (en) 1985-02-26
SE8402929L (en) 1984-12-04
EP0128085A3 (en) 1985-12-18
EP0128085A2 (en) 1984-12-12
SE8402929D0 (en) 1984-05-30

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