CA1205062A - Process for the production of a fibrous and a granular material, system for the performance of such process: and use of the fibrous and the granular material - Google Patents
Process for the production of a fibrous and a granular material, system for the performance of such process: and use of the fibrous and the granular materialInfo
- Publication number
- CA1205062A CA1205062A CA000392898A CA392898A CA1205062A CA 1205062 A CA1205062 A CA 1205062A CA 000392898 A CA000392898 A CA 000392898A CA 392898 A CA392898 A CA 392898A CA 1205062 A CA1205062 A CA 1205062A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fraction
- fractions
- unit
- waste
- particle size
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000727 fraction Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000013058 crude material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002969 artificial stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011093 chipboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009183 running Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003923 scrap metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035943 smell Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
- B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B9/00—Combinations of apparatus for screening or sifting or for separating solids from solids using gas currents; General arrangement of plant, e.g. flow sheets
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
In order to avoid producing any secondary waste in the pro-duction of a fibrous and a granular material from house-hold, agricultural, forestry waste, organic waste of the manufacturing and/or service industries, the primary waste first undergoes an opening treatment in an opening unit and then, after removal of any metallic components by mag-netic separation units, is divided into three fractions.
Such division is effected by a fractionating unit into (a) a fine fraction not exceeding the required final product particle size, (b) a coarse fraction easy to process mecha-nically, and (c) a coarse fraction difficult to process me-chanically. The two coarse fractions are then separately reduced to the required final product particle size in re-ducing units optimally suited to the particular coarse fraction. Then all three fractions are dried to a specific maximum residual moisture content and sterilized in a dry-ing unit by heating and extraction of the resultant steam, are re-united and jointly fractionated by a further frac-tionating unit and air separators into a heavy fraction consisting chiefly of inorganic granulate, a light frac-tion consisting chiefly of organic fibres, and a dust frac-tion consisting chiefly of organic dust particles.
In order to avoid producing any secondary waste in the pro-duction of a fibrous and a granular material from house-hold, agricultural, forestry waste, organic waste of the manufacturing and/or service industries, the primary waste first undergoes an opening treatment in an opening unit and then, after removal of any metallic components by mag-netic separation units, is divided into three fractions.
Such division is effected by a fractionating unit into (a) a fine fraction not exceeding the required final product particle size, (b) a coarse fraction easy to process mecha-nically, and (c) a coarse fraction difficult to process me-chanically. The two coarse fractions are then separately reduced to the required final product particle size in re-ducing units optimally suited to the particular coarse fraction. Then all three fractions are dried to a specific maximum residual moisture content and sterilized in a dry-ing unit by heating and extraction of the resultant steam, are re-united and jointly fractionated by a further frac-tionating unit and air separators into a heavy fraction consisting chiefly of inorganic granulate, a light frac-tion consisting chiefly of organic fibres, and a dust frac-tion consisting chiefly of organic dust particles.
Description
The p:resent :i.nvention relates to a p:rocess for the producl::ion of a .E:i.b:rous ancZ a gra~ .l.ar mat.e.r:ial f.rom house-hold, agricu1Lural al~d forest.ry waste, organic wasLe o.E the rnanu:Eacturirlg and/or service i,ndustri.es; a system for the performance of such process; and a use o.E the fibrous and the granular material produced by the sa,id process.
There are several known processes for -the produc-tion of fibxous and/or granular material from household, agricultural and forestry waste, organic waste of the manu-fac-turing and/or service industries, but they all have the disadvantage tha-t in the course of proeessincJ about 30 weight % of theoretically useful initial material is dis~
earded as useless waste; this not only involves a loss of still useful rnaterial but also eauses considerable cos-ts for the disposal of such material discarded as was-te.
The present i.nventi.on provides a proeess which does not involve the disadvantages mentioned, that is, whieh does not produee seeondary waste.
~7,~
Acco.rdi.ng to the present inverltion there is pro-v:icled a process in Wtl:i.CT`I ttle WaSte ~0 be prOCeC.~ ;ecl IlllderyO(eS
an openi.nc3 tr:eatment, the opened waste :i.s cl:iv;.ded .irl~o at least two fractions, viz. (a) in~o a fraction easy ~o reduce mechanically and (b) i.nto a fractjon di:Eficult to recluce mechanically. These lwo fractions, separately from each o-ther, are next reduced to the required final product par-ticle size, then both fractions are dried to a specific maxi.mum residual moisture content by heating and extraction of the resultant steam, and sterilized, and both fractions, reunited and, i.f applicable, after an intermediate trea~-ment, are jointly divided again into at least -two fractions by particle size. ~or this, it will be expedient if the opened was-te is divided into at least ~2~so~æ
three fractions, viz. (a) into a fine fraction not excee-ding the required :Einal product si~e, (b) into a coarse fraction easy to reduce mechanically, and (c) in-to a coar-se fraction difficult to reduce rnechanically; next, if the two coarse fractions, separately from each other, are re-duced to the required final product part.icle size, then if all three fractions are dried to a specific maxirnum resi-dual moisture content by heating and e~traction of the re-sultant steam, and sterilized, and all three frac-tions, re-united and, if applicable, after an intermediate treat-ment, are jointly divided again into at least two frac-tions by particle size.
Where the waste delivered contains magnetically removable metallic components, it will be expedient to remove such components after the opening of the waste to be processed and before the division thereof into several fractions.
Where a ~Jaste gas separator i5 used, it will be expedient, with a view to reducing the mechanical wear thereof by the material passing through, if immediately after drying and sterilization the material thus treated is divided into a light and a heavy fraction, and if the light fraction is passed to a waste gas separator for the purpose of remo-ving the damp gas, in particular air, developed in the drying stage, and then the light fraction, after removal of the damp waste gas, :i5 unite~d with the heavy fraction, and the two fractions are jointly passed to the further fractionating stage.
It has been found advantageous to divide the dried and ste-rilized material into three fractions, one of which has a particle si~e of less than 3mm2 screen mesh, the second a particle sixe of 3 to 6mm2 screen mesh, and the third a particle siæe of over 6mm2 screen mesh.
For many applications of the material produced it ~i]l fur-ther be expedient if the ma-terial, dried and sterilized and preferably, if applicable, after previous fractiona-ting into at least two different particle si~e ranges, is divided into at least two fractions by specific gravi-ty.
For thiæ, it is advantageous to divide the material into at least three fractions by its speci*ic gravity, viZo (a) into a light fraction consisting chiefly of organic fib-res, (b) into a hea~y fraction consisting chiefly of inor-ganic granulate, and (c) into a dust frac-tion consisting chiefly of dust particles.
With a view to eliminating any o~fensive smells and any un-desirable bacteria still present, it is expedient to ex pose t~e dried and sterili~ed material to an ozone treat-ment.
It is another object of -t.he present invention to provide a system for the performance of th~ process hereunder, cha-racteri~ed in that it comprises an opening unit for the opening of the material to be processed, a frac-tionating unit for separation into the fraction easy to reduce me-chanically and the fraction diEficult -to reduce mechani-cally, a first reducing uni-t to reduce the fraction of low reducibility, a second reducing unit to reduce the easily reducible fraction, a drying unit to dry the different fractions, and a further fractionating unit :Eor the joint re-fractionating of the re-united dried fractions by par-ticle size.
For this, it will be expedient if the said system compri ses a fractionating unit with at least one joggling or os-lS cillating screen to obtain a fine fraction; a suction unitclearing the top of the joggling or oscillating screen to obtain the mechanically easily reducible coarse fraction;
and a receiving arrangement to receive such material pre-sent on the joggling or oscillating screen as cannot, be~
cause of its size and/or weight, pass through the screen or be sucked away, to obtain the low-reducibility frac-tion and a first reducing unit to reduce the low-reducibi-lity coarse fraction, and a second reducing unit to reduce the easily reducible coarse fraction.
lt will be expedient iE the first reducing unit corlsists of a hammer, :impact or beating rn:ill. Also, it will be of aclvantage iE the second reducing un:il consisl:s o a fine chopper, a cutter or a fine mill and presents at least one knife rotor.
It will further be expedien-t if a conveyor consis-ting of a conveyor belt or a vibrating chute is arranged between the opening uni-t and the fractionatiny unit, and if, for the removal of metallic components from the opened material being conveyed, (a) a magnetic band is arrangect above the said material and immediately above the conveyor, and (b) a drum magne-t is arranged below the said material a-t the end o~ the conveyor, over which drurn magnet lhe material passes.
Finally, it is yet a further objec-t of the present invention to use the fibrous material produced hereunder for the production of pressings, such as pressed board, or bricks or pellets serving as heating fuel.
X
The invention .is n~ -to be illustra-ted by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
As the drawing shows, the waste is tipped into a bunker 1.
it is preferable to use waste which has undergone little or no fermentation and which has not been subjected to any treatment such as comminution, sorting, compaction on dumps or chemical treatment. The use of fresh organic wa-ste has the advantage that the fibrous crude material can be given the structure desired, and that the important com-ponents such as cellulose and lignin ha~e been neither re--moved nor destroyed.
The waste thus bunkered is passed continuously or discon--tinuously by a mechanical conveyor 2 to an opening unit 3.
This unit serves to open the crude material, which is pre-sent in various forms, into its loose components, and also to reduce the ~idely varying waste by cutting, chopping and/or-shreading to a size suitable for further proces-sing. This function can be performed by cutting or beating mills and by choppers or shredders. To ensure trouble-free processing and to obtain the required structure, fineness and purity of the final product, it is preferable to use a slo~t-running cutting mill such as is commercially avail-æ
_ 9 _ able in various versions. It is expedient to use a version having multi-knife shafts arranged side by side and run-ning in opposition to each other. Also, the multi-knife shafts should generally run at low speeds, and the indivi-dual shafts should run at different speeds. Again, for de-pendability, performance and self-cleaning, all shafts should be reversible. Such a machine is commercially avail-able by the desîgnation "shredder". Such or similar machi-nes are also used for the destruction of old cars and other sheet-metal products.
The material thus opened by the opening unit 3 and reduced to a size corresponding to a screen mesh of 20 ~ 30 cm drops on ~o a conveyor unit consisting of a vibrating chu-te 4.
~VC~ ee~
To ensure trouble-free operation in the_~uq~ddi~g stages, it is important to remove completely any iron parts pre-sent in the waste. For this purpose, the conveyor unit 4 forwards the material in the form of an evenly aligned and relatively thin flow layer past a maynetic band 5 arranged above the conveyor unit 4 and delivers it at its end on to a rotating drum magnet 6 arranged below the conveyor unit.
As the waste quantities leaving the opening unit vary, the conveyor unit 4 is provided at a point before the magnetic band 5 with an equalizing unit, not shown.
The magnetic band 5 serves to rernove -the iron par-ts pre-sent in the upper portion of the 10w layer. The rotating drum magnet 6 serves to rernove the iron parts present in the lower portion of the flow layer.
The maynetic units 5 and 6 are connected by a conveyor unit 7 to a bunker 8. From the bunker 8, the metal removed passes into a press 9 which presses the metal parts into commercially acceptable packets which may be passed on to a scrap metal foundry.
The material thus cleared of iron parts passes to a frac-tionating unit lOo The latter comprises a joggling screen ll of about 6mm mes'n to obtain a fine fraction. It further comprises a suction unit clearing the top of the joggling screen ll to obtain a mechanically easily reducible coarse fraction, and is provided at the lower end of the inclined joggling screen ll with a chute 13 to receive such mate-rial still present on the ]oggling screen ll as cannot, be-cause of its size and/or weight-,~pass through the screen or be sucked away therefrom, for the purpose of obtaining a low-reducibility fraction.
This separation into three fractions has the advantage that the succeding reducing units 14 and 15 are relieved of the fine parts which do not e~ceed the required final 1~iO62 size. The quota of such fines is norrnally abou'c 15 weight-~, which rneans that :in the succeed:ing redllci.ny sta-ges about 15% of energy is saved. nle fines thus removedare passed through a duct 16 ~ypassing the two reducing units 14 and 15 and are then admixed to the waste reduced in the latter two units.
The separation into the two coarse fractions has the ad-vantage that the two very different was-te components are separated and can therefore be reduced to the required fi-nal size by reducing units best suited to each, and can inaddition be given the required ma-terial structure, so that in the last stage of the process, in which the material is sorted first by size and then into mainly specifically light fibrous and mainly specifically heavy granular frac-tions, a very high separation accuracy and purity is achie-ved for the individual fractionsO
The suction unit 1~ may be a commercially available unit such as is used in the chipboard and cattle feed indu stries. The light material which the suction unit 12 sucks from the waste flow through the suction ducts 12a, 12b and 12c consists chiefly of paper, cardboard, foil, textiles and wood chips; that is, organic materials~ and is passed for final structuring and reduction to a reducing unit of the fine chopper type. Such reducing units are commercial-ly available unaer such designation~ as fine choppers, cut-ters or *ine mills. It has been found expedient to use L-O-~or-type reducing ~nits in which knife rotors work against knife stators, or knife rotors against knife rotors, and which present a barrier-type selector to obtain -the requi-red final material size.
The coarse fraction, which has been cleared of fines and of specifically light components by the joggling screen ll and the suction unit 12 and which is of low reducibili-ty and in practice consists largely of inorganic matter, now undergoes a reducing process in the separa-te reducing unit 14. This unit serves to reduce the different waste compo-nents to the required ~inal size of 6mm screen mesh suitab-le for complete recycling. Such reducing units 14 are com-mercially available-by the designations o~ hammer, impact or beating mills, and can be used if provided with a bar-rier-type selector set to the smallest screen mesh~
The fractions from the reducing units 14 and 15 and from the bypase duct pass jointly into a bin 17. The material stored in the latter then passes to a drying and steri-lizing unit 18. This unit serves to dry the material to a specific constant residual moisture and to destroy nocuous substances present in the material, such as pathogenic bacteria. For the purpose, temperatures of over 100C are ~$~
attainable in the drying unit 18, and the residence time of the material in the unit is also controllable. the supp-ly of hot dry air from the heatingi\34 and through the re-circulation duct 19, and the discharge of the moisture-loaded air, proceed contlnuously and are also controllab-le, for the purpose of controlling to a target value the residual moisture of the material leaving the drying unit 1~3 .
After the drying unit 18, the material is separated by a separating unit 20 into a light and a heavy frac~ion, and the light fraction then passes to a waste air s~parator 21 of cyclone type for the discharge of the damp waste air from the drying process. By this arrangement it is possib-le considerably to reduce the wear in the waste air separa-tor 21 and at the same time considerably increase -the de-pendability thereof. The material leaving the separator 21 is then re-united with the previously separated light frac-tion, and passes through an ozone treatment unit 22 to a fractionating unit 23. The-latter serves to separate the dried and sterilized material by particle size into three fractions, one of which has a particl~ size of less than 3mm2, the second a particle size of between 3 and 6 mm2, and the third a particle size of over 6mm2. The fractiona-ting unit 23 may have oscillating or vibrating working sur-faces. It is preferable to use a lightweight versionhaving a vibrating working surface. Amplitude and vibra-t.ion rate should be ~ariab]e to permit. intensity and resi-dence time of the treatment to be regulatedO
The three size fractions delivered by the fractionating unit 23, each composed of organic (mainly liyht) and inor-ganic (mainly heavy) particles, pass by separate paths tothe final fractionating stage. Final fractionating is per-formed by the air separators 24, 25 and 26, which serve to separate the mixed materials such as minerals, nonferrous metals, hard plastics, etc., from the organic substances.
Such air separators are commercially available in various versions and are also used in the food, cattle feed and wood industries.
The .Eine fraction delivered by the fractionating unit 23 is forwarded pneumatically for final. fractionating to the air separator 24, where the material is fed at a certain point into an opposed air flow. The rate of the air flow i.s such that the mainly organic light particles are entrai-ned by the air flow, while the mainly inorganic specifi-cally heavy particles drop down against t~e air flow.
The light particles thus entrained pass to a cyclone 27 which is arranged directly as a silo feed unit on the raw material silo 28.
The specifieally heavy par-ticles droppiny down against the air flow are passed to the granu]ate s.ilo 29.
The intermediate fraction delivered by the frac-tionating unit 23 passes for final fractionating to the air separa-tor 25. The light particles separated there may be passedto either of the separators 27 and 30 of the silos 28 and 31. The mainly inorganic heavy granulates separated by the air separator 25 pass to the granulate silo 29 mentioned.
The coarse fraction leaving the fractionating unit 23 passes for final fractionating to the air separator 26, which works in the same manner as the two other air sepa-ratoxs 24 and 25. The light particles separated by the air separator 26 are likewise delivered to either of the raw material silos 28 and 31. The mainly inorganic heavy gra nulate separated by ~he ~ir separator 26 passes, ~ixed with the granulate from the air separators 24 and 25, into the granulate silo 29~
The dust-loaded waste air from the air separators 24, 25 and 26 and from the separators 27 and 30 passes to a fil-ter unit 32. The dust separated in the la-t-ter, consisting chiefly of organic fines, can be passed to the dust silo 33 or to the silos 28 and/or 31, as preferred.
The storage of the fina:L products, ViY.. three :Elat :Eibre fracti.ons and one dust Eracti.on, :i.n seL)a:rate silos faci:Litates and extends the possib:i:Li.ties of .reuse.
Of course, the ma:inly inorganic heavy granulates from the air separators 24, 25 and 26 may instead be stored as separate lots.
The fibrous material thus obtained may, for example, be processed further fo.r the production of board or other building materials or converted into hea-ting fuel in the form of bricks or pellets. The yranular material ob-tained can also be used as fertlli.zer and soil improver and as aggregate for asbestos, cemènt and brick products and for .5 artificial stone, bituminous pavi.ngs and concrete.
As may be seen from the embodiment described, -the entire waste delivered, including the magnetically removed metal, is recycled in -this process. The quote of non-combustible substances in the specifi.cally light :Eibrous fraction in this process is equally high or lower than in the compaLable wood chip fractions which are still normally used in pressed board production.
There are several known processes for -the produc-tion of fibxous and/or granular material from household, agricultural and forestry waste, organic waste of the manu-fac-turing and/or service industries, but they all have the disadvantage tha-t in the course of proeessincJ about 30 weight % of theoretically useful initial material is dis~
earded as useless waste; this not only involves a loss of still useful rnaterial but also eauses considerable cos-ts for the disposal of such material discarded as was-te.
The present i.nventi.on provides a proeess which does not involve the disadvantages mentioned, that is, whieh does not produee seeondary waste.
~7,~
Acco.rdi.ng to the present inverltion there is pro-v:icled a process in Wtl:i.CT`I ttle WaSte ~0 be prOCeC.~ ;ecl IlllderyO(eS
an openi.nc3 tr:eatment, the opened waste :i.s cl:iv;.ded .irl~o at least two fractions, viz. (a) in~o a fraction easy ~o reduce mechanically and (b) i.nto a fractjon di:Eficult to recluce mechanically. These lwo fractions, separately from each o-ther, are next reduced to the required final product par-ticle size, then both fractions are dried to a specific maxi.mum residual moisture content by heating and extraction of the resultant steam, and sterilized, and both fractions, reunited and, i.f applicable, after an intermediate trea~-ment, are jointly divided again into at least -two fractions by particle size. ~or this, it will be expedient if the opened was-te is divided into at least ~2~so~æ
three fractions, viz. (a) into a fine fraction not excee-ding the required :Einal product si~e, (b) into a coarse fraction easy to reduce mechanically, and (c) in-to a coar-se fraction difficult to reduce rnechanically; next, if the two coarse fractions, separately from each other, are re-duced to the required final product part.icle size, then if all three fractions are dried to a specific maxirnum resi-dual moisture content by heating and e~traction of the re-sultant steam, and sterilized, and all three frac-tions, re-united and, if applicable, after an intermediate treat-ment, are jointly divided again into at least two frac-tions by particle size.
Where the waste delivered contains magnetically removable metallic components, it will be expedient to remove such components after the opening of the waste to be processed and before the division thereof into several fractions.
Where a ~Jaste gas separator i5 used, it will be expedient, with a view to reducing the mechanical wear thereof by the material passing through, if immediately after drying and sterilization the material thus treated is divided into a light and a heavy fraction, and if the light fraction is passed to a waste gas separator for the purpose of remo-ving the damp gas, in particular air, developed in the drying stage, and then the light fraction, after removal of the damp waste gas, :i5 unite~d with the heavy fraction, and the two fractions are jointly passed to the further fractionating stage.
It has been found advantageous to divide the dried and ste-rilized material into three fractions, one of which has a particle si~e of less than 3mm2 screen mesh, the second a particle sixe of 3 to 6mm2 screen mesh, and the third a particle siæe of over 6mm2 screen mesh.
For many applications of the material produced it ~i]l fur-ther be expedient if the ma-terial, dried and sterilized and preferably, if applicable, after previous fractiona-ting into at least two different particle si~e ranges, is divided into at least two fractions by specific gravi-ty.
For thiæ, it is advantageous to divide the material into at least three fractions by its speci*ic gravity, viZo (a) into a light fraction consisting chiefly of organic fib-res, (b) into a hea~y fraction consisting chiefly of inor-ganic granulate, and (c) into a dust frac-tion consisting chiefly of dust particles.
With a view to eliminating any o~fensive smells and any un-desirable bacteria still present, it is expedient to ex pose t~e dried and sterili~ed material to an ozone treat-ment.
It is another object of -t.he present invention to provide a system for the performance of th~ process hereunder, cha-racteri~ed in that it comprises an opening unit for the opening of the material to be processed, a frac-tionating unit for separation into the fraction easy to reduce me-chanically and the fraction diEficult -to reduce mechani-cally, a first reducing uni-t to reduce the fraction of low reducibility, a second reducing unit to reduce the easily reducible fraction, a drying unit to dry the different fractions, and a further fractionating unit :Eor the joint re-fractionating of the re-united dried fractions by par-ticle size.
For this, it will be expedient if the said system compri ses a fractionating unit with at least one joggling or os-lS cillating screen to obtain a fine fraction; a suction unitclearing the top of the joggling or oscillating screen to obtain the mechanically easily reducible coarse fraction;
and a receiving arrangement to receive such material pre-sent on the joggling or oscillating screen as cannot, be~
cause of its size and/or weight, pass through the screen or be sucked away, to obtain the low-reducibility frac-tion and a first reducing unit to reduce the low-reducibi-lity coarse fraction, and a second reducing unit to reduce the easily reducible coarse fraction.
lt will be expedient iE the first reducing unit corlsists of a hammer, :impact or beating rn:ill. Also, it will be of aclvantage iE the second reducing un:il consisl:s o a fine chopper, a cutter or a fine mill and presents at least one knife rotor.
It will further be expedien-t if a conveyor consis-ting of a conveyor belt or a vibrating chute is arranged between the opening uni-t and the fractionatiny unit, and if, for the removal of metallic components from the opened material being conveyed, (a) a magnetic band is arrangect above the said material and immediately above the conveyor, and (b) a drum magne-t is arranged below the said material a-t the end o~ the conveyor, over which drurn magnet lhe material passes.
Finally, it is yet a further objec-t of the present invention to use the fibrous material produced hereunder for the production of pressings, such as pressed board, or bricks or pellets serving as heating fuel.
X
The invention .is n~ -to be illustra-ted by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
As the drawing shows, the waste is tipped into a bunker 1.
it is preferable to use waste which has undergone little or no fermentation and which has not been subjected to any treatment such as comminution, sorting, compaction on dumps or chemical treatment. The use of fresh organic wa-ste has the advantage that the fibrous crude material can be given the structure desired, and that the important com-ponents such as cellulose and lignin ha~e been neither re--moved nor destroyed.
The waste thus bunkered is passed continuously or discon--tinuously by a mechanical conveyor 2 to an opening unit 3.
This unit serves to open the crude material, which is pre-sent in various forms, into its loose components, and also to reduce the ~idely varying waste by cutting, chopping and/or-shreading to a size suitable for further proces-sing. This function can be performed by cutting or beating mills and by choppers or shredders. To ensure trouble-free processing and to obtain the required structure, fineness and purity of the final product, it is preferable to use a slo~t-running cutting mill such as is commercially avail-æ
_ 9 _ able in various versions. It is expedient to use a version having multi-knife shafts arranged side by side and run-ning in opposition to each other. Also, the multi-knife shafts should generally run at low speeds, and the indivi-dual shafts should run at different speeds. Again, for de-pendability, performance and self-cleaning, all shafts should be reversible. Such a machine is commercially avail-able by the desîgnation "shredder". Such or similar machi-nes are also used for the destruction of old cars and other sheet-metal products.
The material thus opened by the opening unit 3 and reduced to a size corresponding to a screen mesh of 20 ~ 30 cm drops on ~o a conveyor unit consisting of a vibrating chu-te 4.
~VC~ ee~
To ensure trouble-free operation in the_~uq~ddi~g stages, it is important to remove completely any iron parts pre-sent in the waste. For this purpose, the conveyor unit 4 forwards the material in the form of an evenly aligned and relatively thin flow layer past a maynetic band 5 arranged above the conveyor unit 4 and delivers it at its end on to a rotating drum magnet 6 arranged below the conveyor unit.
As the waste quantities leaving the opening unit vary, the conveyor unit 4 is provided at a point before the magnetic band 5 with an equalizing unit, not shown.
The magnetic band 5 serves to rernove -the iron par-ts pre-sent in the upper portion of the 10w layer. The rotating drum magnet 6 serves to rernove the iron parts present in the lower portion of the flow layer.
The maynetic units 5 and 6 are connected by a conveyor unit 7 to a bunker 8. From the bunker 8, the metal removed passes into a press 9 which presses the metal parts into commercially acceptable packets which may be passed on to a scrap metal foundry.
The material thus cleared of iron parts passes to a frac-tionating unit lOo The latter comprises a joggling screen ll of about 6mm mes'n to obtain a fine fraction. It further comprises a suction unit clearing the top of the joggling screen ll to obtain a mechanically easily reducible coarse fraction, and is provided at the lower end of the inclined joggling screen ll with a chute 13 to receive such mate-rial still present on the ]oggling screen ll as cannot, be-cause of its size and/or weight-,~pass through the screen or be sucked away therefrom, for the purpose of obtaining a low-reducibility fraction.
This separation into three fractions has the advantage that the succeding reducing units 14 and 15 are relieved of the fine parts which do not e~ceed the required final 1~iO62 size. The quota of such fines is norrnally abou'c 15 weight-~, which rneans that :in the succeed:ing redllci.ny sta-ges about 15% of energy is saved. nle fines thus removedare passed through a duct 16 ~ypassing the two reducing units 14 and 15 and are then admixed to the waste reduced in the latter two units.
The separation into the two coarse fractions has the ad-vantage that the two very different was-te components are separated and can therefore be reduced to the required fi-nal size by reducing units best suited to each, and can inaddition be given the required ma-terial structure, so that in the last stage of the process, in which the material is sorted first by size and then into mainly specifically light fibrous and mainly specifically heavy granular frac-tions, a very high separation accuracy and purity is achie-ved for the individual fractionsO
The suction unit 1~ may be a commercially available unit such as is used in the chipboard and cattle feed indu stries. The light material which the suction unit 12 sucks from the waste flow through the suction ducts 12a, 12b and 12c consists chiefly of paper, cardboard, foil, textiles and wood chips; that is, organic materials~ and is passed for final structuring and reduction to a reducing unit of the fine chopper type. Such reducing units are commercial-ly available unaer such designation~ as fine choppers, cut-ters or *ine mills. It has been found expedient to use L-O-~or-type reducing ~nits in which knife rotors work against knife stators, or knife rotors against knife rotors, and which present a barrier-type selector to obtain -the requi-red final material size.
The coarse fraction, which has been cleared of fines and of specifically light components by the joggling screen ll and the suction unit 12 and which is of low reducibili-ty and in practice consists largely of inorganic matter, now undergoes a reducing process in the separa-te reducing unit 14. This unit serves to reduce the different waste compo-nents to the required ~inal size of 6mm screen mesh suitab-le for complete recycling. Such reducing units 14 are com-mercially available-by the designations o~ hammer, impact or beating mills, and can be used if provided with a bar-rier-type selector set to the smallest screen mesh~
The fractions from the reducing units 14 and 15 and from the bypase duct pass jointly into a bin 17. The material stored in the latter then passes to a drying and steri-lizing unit 18. This unit serves to dry the material to a specific constant residual moisture and to destroy nocuous substances present in the material, such as pathogenic bacteria. For the purpose, temperatures of over 100C are ~$~
attainable in the drying unit 18, and the residence time of the material in the unit is also controllable. the supp-ly of hot dry air from the heatingi\34 and through the re-circulation duct 19, and the discharge of the moisture-loaded air, proceed contlnuously and are also controllab-le, for the purpose of controlling to a target value the residual moisture of the material leaving the drying unit 1~3 .
After the drying unit 18, the material is separated by a separating unit 20 into a light and a heavy frac~ion, and the light fraction then passes to a waste air s~parator 21 of cyclone type for the discharge of the damp waste air from the drying process. By this arrangement it is possib-le considerably to reduce the wear in the waste air separa-tor 21 and at the same time considerably increase -the de-pendability thereof. The material leaving the separator 21 is then re-united with the previously separated light frac-tion, and passes through an ozone treatment unit 22 to a fractionating unit 23. The-latter serves to separate the dried and sterilized material by particle size into three fractions, one of which has a particl~ size of less than 3mm2, the second a particle size of between 3 and 6 mm2, and the third a particle size of over 6mm2. The fractiona-ting unit 23 may have oscillating or vibrating working sur-faces. It is preferable to use a lightweight versionhaving a vibrating working surface. Amplitude and vibra-t.ion rate should be ~ariab]e to permit. intensity and resi-dence time of the treatment to be regulatedO
The three size fractions delivered by the fractionating unit 23, each composed of organic (mainly liyht) and inor-ganic (mainly heavy) particles, pass by separate paths tothe final fractionating stage. Final fractionating is per-formed by the air separators 24, 25 and 26, which serve to separate the mixed materials such as minerals, nonferrous metals, hard plastics, etc., from the organic substances.
Such air separators are commercially available in various versions and are also used in the food, cattle feed and wood industries.
The .Eine fraction delivered by the fractionating unit 23 is forwarded pneumatically for final. fractionating to the air separator 24, where the material is fed at a certain point into an opposed air flow. The rate of the air flow i.s such that the mainly organic light particles are entrai-ned by the air flow, while the mainly inorganic specifi-cally heavy particles drop down against t~e air flow.
The light particles thus entrained pass to a cyclone 27 which is arranged directly as a silo feed unit on the raw material silo 28.
The specifieally heavy par-ticles droppiny down against the air flow are passed to the granu]ate s.ilo 29.
The intermediate fraction delivered by the frac-tionating unit 23 passes for final fractionating to the air separa-tor 25. The light particles separated there may be passedto either of the separators 27 and 30 of the silos 28 and 31. The mainly inorganic heavy granulates separated by the air separator 25 pass to the granulate silo 29 mentioned.
The coarse fraction leaving the fractionating unit 23 passes for final fractionating to the air separator 26, which works in the same manner as the two other air sepa-ratoxs 24 and 25. The light particles separated by the air separator 26 are likewise delivered to either of the raw material silos 28 and 31. The mainly inorganic heavy gra nulate separated by ~he ~ir separator 26 passes, ~ixed with the granulate from the air separators 24 and 25, into the granulate silo 29~
The dust-loaded waste air from the air separators 24, 25 and 26 and from the separators 27 and 30 passes to a fil-ter unit 32. The dust separated in the la-t-ter, consisting chiefly of organic fines, can be passed to the dust silo 33 or to the silos 28 and/or 31, as preferred.
The storage of the fina:L products, ViY.. three :Elat :Eibre fracti.ons and one dust Eracti.on, :i.n seL)a:rate silos faci:Litates and extends the possib:i:Li.ties of .reuse.
Of course, the ma:inly inorganic heavy granulates from the air separators 24, 25 and 26 may instead be stored as separate lots.
The fibrous material thus obtained may, for example, be processed further fo.r the production of board or other building materials or converted into hea-ting fuel in the form of bricks or pellets. The yranular material ob-tained can also be used as fertlli.zer and soil improver and as aggregate for asbestos, cemènt and brick products and for .5 artificial stone, bituminous pavi.ngs and concrete.
As may be seen from the embodiment described, -the entire waste delivered, including the magnetically removed metal, is recycled in -this process. The quote of non-combustible substances in the specifi.cally light :Eibrous fraction in this process is equally high or lower than in the compaLable wood chip fractions which are still normally used in pressed board production.
Claims (20)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A process for the production of a fibrous and a graular material from household, agricultural, and forestry waste, and organic waste of the manufacturing and/or service industries, in which the waste to be processed undergoes an opening treatment, the opened waste is divided into at least two fractions, namely:
(a) a fraction easy to reduce mechanically, and (b) a fraction difficult to reduce mechanically; the two fractions are then separately reduced to the required final product particle size, are subsequently both dried to a specific maximum residual moisture content and sterilized by heating and extraction of the resultant steam, and both, re-united and, are jointly divided into at least two fractions by particle size.
(a) a fraction easy to reduce mechanically, and (b) a fraction difficult to reduce mechanically; the two fractions are then separately reduced to the required final product particle size, are subsequently both dried to a specific maximum residual moisture content and sterilized by heating and extraction of the resultant steam, and both, re-united and, are jointly divided into at least two fractions by particle size.
2. A process according to claim 1, in which the opened waste is divided into at least three fractions, namely:
(a) a fine fraction not exceeding the required final product particle size, (b) a coarse fraction easy to reduce mechanically, and (c) a coarse fraction difficult to reduce mechanically; the two coarse fractions are then separately reduced to the re-quired final product particle size, and that subsequently all three fractions are dried to a specific maximum residual moisture content and sterilized by heating and extraction of the resultant steam, and all three fractions, re-united and, are jointly divided into at least two fraction by particle size.
(a) a fine fraction not exceeding the required final product particle size, (b) a coarse fraction easy to reduce mechanically, and (c) a coarse fraction difficult to reduce mechanically; the two coarse fractions are then separately reduced to the re-quired final product particle size, and that subsequently all three fractions are dried to a specific maximum residual moisture content and sterilized by heating and extraction of the resultant steam, and all three fractions, re-united and, are jointly divided into at least two fraction by particle size.
3. A process according to claim 1 or 2, in which the. fractions after re-unification are subjected to an inter-meditate treatment before division.
4. A process according to claim 1 or 2, in which after the opening of the waste and before the division thereof into several fractions, magnetizable metallic compon-ents are removed from the waste.
5. A process according to claim 1, in which the fraction easy to reduce mechanically and the fraction difficult to reduce mechanically, having separately undergone reduction, are re-united and jointly exposed to demoisturizing and sterilizing.
6. A process according to claim 2, in which the fraction easy to reduce mechanically and the fraction dif-ficult to reduce mechanically, having separately undergone reduction, and also the fi?e fraction not exceeding the re-quired final product particle size are re-united and jointly exposed to demoisturizing and sterilizing.
7. A process according to claim 5, in which im-mediately after demoisturizing and sterilizing, the material thus treated is divided into a light and a heavy fraction, the light fraction is then passed to a waste gas separator for the discharge of the damp gas resulting from the demoi-sturizing stage, after the discharge of the damp waste gas the light fraction is re-united with the heavy fraction and both fractions are jointly passed to the further fraction-ating stage.
8. A process according to claim 1 or 2, in which the dried and sterilized material is divided into three fractions, one of which has a particle size of less than 3mm2 screen mesh, the second a particle size of between 3 and 6mm2 screen mesh, and the third particle size of over 6mm2 screen mesh.
9. A process according to claim 1, in which the material dried to a specific maximum residual moisture content and sterilized, is divided into at least two fractions by specific gravity after a previous fractionating into at least two different particle size ranges.
10. A process according to claim 9, in which the division is effected after a previous fractionating into at least two different particle size ranges.
11. A process according to claim 9 or 10, in which the dried and sterilized material is divided into at least three fractions by specific gravity, namely (a) a light fra-ction consisting chiefly of organic fibres, (b) a heavy fraction consisting chiefly of inorganic granulate, and (c) a dust fraction consisting chiefly of dust particles.
12. A process according to claim 5, 6 or 7, in which the material dried to a specific residual moisture and sterilized is exposed to an ozone treatment.
13. A system for the performance of the process according to claim 1, which comprises an opening unit to open the waste to be processed, a fractionating unit to ob-tain a fraction easy to reduce mechanically and a fraction difficult to reduce mechanicaly, a first reducing unit to reduce the fraction difficult to reduce/ a second reducing unit to reduce the fraction easy to reduce, a drying unit to dry the various fractions, and a further fractionating unit for the joint re-fractionating of the re-united and dried fractions by particle size.
14. A system according to claim 13, which comprises a fractionating unit having to least one joggling or vibra-tinh screen to obtain a fine fraction, a suction unit for clearing the top of the joggling ox vibrating screen to ob-tain the coarse fraction easy to reduce mechanically, and an arrangement to receive such material present on the jog-gling or vibrating screen as cannot, because of its size and/
or weight, pass through the said screen or be sucked away, to obtain the fraction difficult to reduce.
or weight, pass through the said screen or be sucked away, to obtain the fraction difficult to reduce.
15. A system according to claim 13 or 14, in which the first reducing unit is a hammer mill, impact mill or heating mill.
16. A system according to claim 13 or 14, in which the second reducing unit is a fine chopper, a cutter or a fine mill and presents at least one knife rotor.
17. A system according to claim 13 or 14, in which a, conveyor unit having a conveyor belt or a vibrating conveyor channel is arranged between the opening unit and the fractionating unit, and for the the removal of metallic components from the upper portion of the opened material being conveyoed, a magnetic band is arranged immediately above the said conveyor unit, and for the removal of metallic components from the lower portion of the opened material being conveyed, a drum magnet over which the opened material is to pass is arranged at the end of the conveyor unit.
18. use of the fibrous and the granular material produced according to claim 1 for the purpose of producing pressings.
19. Use according to claim 18, for the production of pressed board.
20. Use of the fibrous material produced according to claim 1 as fuel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000402762A CA1209556A (en) | 1981-12-07 | 1982-05-11 | Process for the operation of a system for the production of a fibrous and a granular material |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH9557/80A CH650172A5 (en) | 1980-12-24 | 1980-12-24 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING FIBER AND GRANULAR MATERIAL FROM WASTE, PLANT FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD, AND USE OF FIBER AND GRANULAR MATERIAL. |
| CH9557/80-0 | 1980-12-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1205062A true CA1205062A (en) | 1986-05-27 |
Family
ID=4353223
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000392898A Expired CA1205062A (en) | 1980-12-24 | 1981-12-22 | Process for the production of a fibrous and a granular material, system for the performance of such process: and use of the fibrous and the granular material |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS57165084A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT379090B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE891604A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1205062A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH650172A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3105597C2 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA818887B (en) |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH652946A5 (en) * | 1981-12-07 | 1985-12-13 | Orfa Ag | METHOD FOR OPERATING A PLANT FOR PRODUCING A FIBER AND A GRANULAR MATERIAL. |
| AT384959B (en) * | 1985-12-20 | 1988-02-10 | Voest Alpine Ag | Process for preparing communal waste |
| DE3614325A1 (en) * | 1986-04-28 | 1987-10-29 | Organ Faser Technology Co | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PROCESSING HOUSEHOLD, COMMERCIAL AND OTHER SIMILAR DISEASE |
| DE3616946A1 (en) * | 1986-05-20 | 1987-11-26 | Organ Faser Technology Co | METHOD FOR SEPARATING A HETEROGENIC QUANTITY OF SOLID MATERIAL IN FRACTIONS, AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD |
| DE3705004A1 (en) * | 1987-02-17 | 1988-08-25 | Organ Faser Technology Co | METHOD FOR SEPARATING PARTS FROM ELECTRICALLY NON-CONDUCTIVE MATERIAL, IN PARTICULAR PLASTIC AND / OR PAPER, FROM WASTE AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD |
| DE3724551A1 (en) * | 1987-07-24 | 1989-02-02 | Heinze Gerald | Process for the preparation of an organic/organic fertiliser |
| JPH0240015U (en) * | 1988-09-07 | 1990-03-19 | ||
| US5215041A (en) * | 1989-04-10 | 1993-06-01 | Organ-Faser Technology Company N.V. | Method for the manufacture of animal litter and animal litter |
| DE3911678A1 (en) * | 1989-04-10 | 1990-10-11 | Organ Faser Technology Co | ANIMAL TREATMENT AND METHOD FOR THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF |
| DE3934478A1 (en) * | 1989-10-16 | 1991-04-18 | Organ Faser Technology Co | METHOD FOR PROCESSING HOUSEHOLD, COMMERCIAL AND OTHER COMPARABLE WASTE WITH A CELLULOSE MATERIAL |
| DE4031417A1 (en) * | 1990-10-04 | 1992-04-09 | Peter Prof Dr Kraus | METHOD FOR SEPARATING METAL-CONTAINING WASTE COMPONENTS |
| DE4111130A1 (en) * | 1991-04-06 | 1992-10-08 | Lindemann Maschfab Gmbh | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PREPARING A MIXTURE OF SMALL-GRAIN MIXTURE COMPONENTS |
| DE4222379A1 (en) * | 1992-07-08 | 1994-01-13 | Finkenrath Industrieverwaltung | Refuse treatment esp. domestic and industrial refuse - by 21-stage sieving, sorting, mixing size redn. drying and combustion for energy recovery from combustion and residual material calcination and recycling |
| DE4241754C1 (en) * | 1992-12-11 | 1994-04-07 | Ikotek Informatik Kommunikat | Process for processing secondary raw materials from waste and plant for carrying out the process |
| DE19601029C2 (en) * | 1996-01-13 | 1999-11-11 | Suedrohrbau Gmbh & Co | Process and device for processing waste |
| CA2818920C (en) * | 2010-11-24 | 2022-01-04 | Organic Energy Corporation | Mechanized separation of wet and dry materials in a solid waste stream |
| PL423618A1 (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2019-06-03 | Enerbio Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia | Method for processing of packaging wastes |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2508476A1 (en) * | 1975-02-27 | 1976-09-02 | Inter Wood Maschinen | Refuse handling and preparation system - has centripetal air separator for production of heavy and light fractions before drying and fine comminution processes |
| CH620256A5 (en) * | 1976-06-14 | 1980-11-14 | Gewerbebank Baden Ag |
-
1980
- 1980-12-24 CH CH9557/80A patent/CH650172A5/en unknown
-
1981
- 1981-02-16 DE DE3105597A patent/DE3105597C2/en not_active Expired
- 1981-02-27 AT AT94281A patent/AT379090B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-12-22 ZA ZA818887A patent/ZA818887B/en unknown
- 1981-12-22 CA CA000392898A patent/CA1205062A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-12-23 BE BE0/206920A patent/BE891604A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-12-23 JP JP20723481A patent/JPS57165084A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA818887B (en) | 1982-11-24 |
| JPS57165084A (en) | 1982-10-09 |
| DE3105597A1 (en) | 1982-09-30 |
| CH650172A5 (en) | 1985-07-15 |
| ATA94281A (en) | 1985-04-15 |
| AT379090B (en) | 1985-11-11 |
| DE3105597C2 (en) | 1985-10-17 |
| BE891604A (en) | 1982-04-16 |
| JPS628236B2 (en) | 1987-02-21 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20030527 |