CA1204366A - Hydrodynamic power transmitting construction with power transmitting medium of incombustible water- based liquid, oil or synthetic liquid - Google Patents
Hydrodynamic power transmitting construction with power transmitting medium of incombustible water- based liquid, oil or synthetic liquidInfo
- Publication number
- CA1204366A CA1204366A CA000427917A CA427917A CA1204366A CA 1204366 A CA1204366 A CA 1204366A CA 000427917 A CA000427917 A CA 000427917A CA 427917 A CA427917 A CA 427917A CA 1204366 A CA1204366 A CA 1204366A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- working
- space
- working space
- pressure
- liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D33/00—Rotary fluid couplings or clutches of the hydrokinetic type
- F16D33/18—Details
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H41/00—Rotary fluid gearing of the hydrokinetic type
- F16H41/24—Details
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)
- Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
- Joints Allowing Movement (AREA)
- Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A hydrodynamic power transmitting construction, such as a clutch, has a pump-wheel connected with the axle of a driving machine, a turbine-wheel connected with the axle of a working machine and a closed working space for these and the working liquid. An axle sleeve fixed to the turbine-wheel is carried in bearings provided with protecting packing. The space between the working space and the packing is connected to an - atmospheric or other -buffer space, the pressure of which in any working condition is less than or equal to the pressure causing a pressure decrease through the bearing. Con-sidering the changes in the physical characteristics due to possible irregular temperatures during working the construction has at least one protection fitting, comprising a threaded pin arranged in a space communicating with atmospheric space and projecting into the vicinity of the rotation axis of the power transmission construction. In this pin a well-known cracking disc is arranged, and operates to fracture, and relieve overpressure in the closed working space.
A hydrodynamic power transmitting construction, such as a clutch, has a pump-wheel connected with the axle of a driving machine, a turbine-wheel connected with the axle of a working machine and a closed working space for these and the working liquid. An axle sleeve fixed to the turbine-wheel is carried in bearings provided with protecting packing. The space between the working space and the packing is connected to an - atmospheric or other -buffer space, the pressure of which in any working condition is less than or equal to the pressure causing a pressure decrease through the bearing. Con-sidering the changes in the physical characteristics due to possible irregular temperatures during working the construction has at least one protection fitting, comprising a threaded pin arranged in a space communicating with atmospheric space and projecting into the vicinity of the rotation axis of the power transmission construction. In this pin a well-known cracking disc is arranged, and operates to fracture, and relieve overpressure in the closed working space.
Description
:~20~3~;
q'he subject of the invention is a fluid coupling, pre-ferably a hydrodynamic clutch, the liquid state power transmitting medium of which can be a water-based filling liquid, e.g. water itself, an oil or a synthetic liquid.
Mydrodynamic clutch means a structure, the substantial components of which are the pump-wheel fixed to a driving axle, the turbine-wheel fixed to the axle of the machine, and a half-casing surrounding - at least partially - the turbine-wheel and being connected mostly rigidly with the pump-wheel, in special cases it is fixed to the turbine-wheel.
Hereinafter the invention will be described by the example of a hydrodynamic clutch. It emerges from the description for the experts, that the above also applies to such fluid couplings operative with the mentioned liquid mediums which are not purposely clutch-like power transmitting systems but which trans-fer energy to the machine by means of power transmission in working circumstances similar to those in the description.
q~
~204366 The hydrodynamic clutch can have a ram space, a forebay or something else.
In case of hydrodynamic clutches operating with oil (hydrocarbon-based or synthetic liquid) as a filling liquld, the working liquid ensures lubricating of bearings thus these types have common worl<ing space and bearing space.
To avoid overloading - especially in case of constant filled hydrodynamic clutches - a screw with fuse link is built in.
The point of this protection is: a screw filled - in fact bored through - with metal melting at a certain temperature is placed onto the casing of the clutch.
At the nominal temperature - or rather in temperature range - the fuse link melts and gives way to the filling liquid to leave the worl<ing space. Due to the leaving liquid the decrease of filling exercises influence to the extent of the transmissible moment and results in dividing of driving machine and working mac'nine.
Hydrodynamic clutches filled with incombustible liquids, e.g. emulsion or water spread in the practice recently besides oil-filled hydrodynamic clutches.
The specific increase of power characteristics, the saving of energy and especially the relative low price of the filling liquid account for the use of water. In case of water filling, at the clutch we have to tal<e into consideration the essential difference in the change of the liquid's physical characte-ristics in comparision to that of hydrocarbon--based or synthetic working liquids. The protecting temperature of 1~04~fi6 chutches exceeds 373 I< (100 C). Also pressure protection is needed because of the low boiling point of the filling liquid. An efficient corrosion protection is required at the same time especially at the bearings. It has represented a difficult problem with the water-filled hydrodynamic clutches to insulate the bearing satisfactorily in the light of the fact that up to the security level any worl<ing cir-cumstances can occure with all their results (e.g. saturation pressure). There were suggestions to run the bearing in emulsion or water but it could not be applied in working conditions owing to the high extent of corrosion.
The most common way of protecting the bearing is to build in special or normal packings between t'ne working space and the bearing, which pacl<ings insulate bearing from water or emulsion. Should the decrease of pressure lead from the inner worl<ing space through the bearing, leal<age will happen due to the normal (or from normal different but still allowed) worl<ing of the cluth and wear of the pacl<ing components, thus the bearing cannot be protected from the corrosing effect of the working liquid and it results in the early Corrosion damage of the bearing./protection of the bearing is generally based on the consideration that the decrease of pressure coming from the inner working space does not lead through the bearing but evades it.
Another essential problem with the water-filled hydro-dynamic clutches is how to create the adequate pressure protection. A well known way of creating the adequate pressure protection is to weaken the clutch-casing so that it breaks _.jr.~ w ~204.~;6 when reaching the highest inner pressure allowed. It is obvious that this solution is rather expensive and the next start of the device is complicated. It is also a solution to place a craclcing disc protection onto the outer periphery of the casing just lil<e in case oF the fuse llnl<.
This is of the disadvantage that the exact determination and adjustment of pressure represent difficulty due to pressure caused by centrifugal force.
To overcome this insufficiency we have worl<ed out the following improved solution of cracl<ing disc protection which is the subject of the '~ungarian Patent No. 177894.
This solution can be relied on even under extreme worl<ing conditions and gives a cheap protection against corrosion for the bearing and has an easily replaceable means of pressure protection worl<ing when real overpressure. The pressure pro-tection is achieved by the cracking disc head placed onto the end of the tube running from the outer mantel of hydro-dynamic clutch to the lower part of the worl<ing space. The cracl<ing disc head senses - reaching through a working annular liquid layer - the existing saturation pressure supposing that the function connection between the saturation pressure and temperature determine an exact working range in case of water. When using it emerges that,besides its advantages, it has the disadvantage that the tube reaching through the liquid layer and being in connection with the atmosphere can cause additional losses in the hydrodynamic clutch~ That is why we were seel<ing for other ways of appli-cation of this correct principle, which enabled us to save ~04~fi~i energy and material besides further improving working security.
The basis of the invention is the recognition that the security reached with the help of the cracking disc head or frangible membrane situated on the penetrating tube can be achieved in an easier way during the nominal ~illing condition of the clutch: in a way which is more comprehensive as it enables use of all the mentioned advantages with simpler construction in case of water-filled clutches, thus synthetising the different simple solutions.
SUMMA~Y OF THE INVENTION
The invention provides an improved hydraulic torque transmitting device comprising a sleeve rotatable in sealed bearings about a central axis and adapted to engageably receive a shaft to be driven a turbine wheel mounted on said sleeve for rotation therewith; a hub mounted on said sleeve and engageable by a driving element; a pump wheel mounted adjacent said turbine wheel on said hub for rotation therewith; a housing surrounding the pump wheel as well as the turbine wheel; a working space surrounded by the said pump wheel and the said turbine wheel, respectively, containing such an amount of working fluid that the central portion of said working space lying next to the axis of rotation and surrounding it cylindrically forms during rotation a fluid-free area; and a pressure relief means provided with a frangible membrane, wherein the improvement consists in that a passageway is provided in said housing between its exterior and a region of the working space in said central portion, said pressure relief means comprising a throughgoing bore blocked by the said 1204.~fi6 frangible membrane being arranged in the said passageway in a manner such that the distance between the frangible membrane and the axis of rotation is equal to or less than the distance between the envelope of said central portion of the working space and the axis of rotation.
The frangible membrane is preferably provided in a blowout plug comprising a headed screw (called as pin further on) in which a disc head is situated - in the well known way. One or several fusible plugs can be also applied in an advantageous form of the invention, and this construction can be used favourably in oil hydraulic power transmission.
Our new solution differs from the previous one - while maintaining its several advantageous characteristics - in the respect that the protecting mechanism is realized by a blowout plug designed and situated in a completely - 5a -~04.'3~;6 different way and which does not penetrate 1nto the worl<ing space and is connected to it only by a communi-cating channel thus it does not modify directly the rotation conditions, the law of motion is the dlsc spac?;
its structure is simpler, its technology of mounting is more favourable. This protecting unit is enough in case of power transmissions with water-based working medium, but the special advantage of the solution in accordance with the invention is that it can be applied in general:
it only needs an additional l<nown screw with fuse-linl< in case of oilhydraulic systems.
The invention is described in detail by way of example referring to the enclosed drawings. In the drawings Fig. 1 shows in longitudinal section preferable form of the hydrodynamic clutch for incombustible water-based worl<ing, which is suitable for worlcing witll oil or synthetic liquid without structural change or with a possible completion (by adding a fuse-linlced screw) Fig. 2 shows the disc-headed pin enlarged, which is a headed screw in our case As it can be seen on Fig. 1 the hydrodynamic clutch according to the invention consists of a pump wheel 1 driven by a machine through a flexible clutch, a turbine wheel 2 but it is fixed rigidly to the pump wheel 1. In the closed worlcing space 4 formed this way, the moment of the driving machine will be transmitted by an incombustible ~204.~fi6 working liquid, preferably by water to the working machine the axle of which is connected by the axle-sleeve 14 supported by bearing and fixed to the turbine-wheel 2.
A hole 12 is formed in the axle-sleeve 14 on the side of the machine and the end of the axle of the driving machine can penetrate into this hole 12 in given circumstances.
On the driven side of the axle-sleeve 14 there is a hole 13, into which the axle of the worl<ing machine penetrates and which is fixed to the axle-sleeve 14 by a screw leading through the boring connecting the holes 12, 13 and which is driven into the axle of the worl<ing machine. The axle-sleeve 14 runs among bearings 6 which are protected by pacl<ings 5, e.g. sealing rings, against the worl<ing li4uid.
At the same time the worl<ing space 4 is closed by pacl<ings 10 similar to the previous pacl<ings 5, as seen on Fig. 1, but latter can be omitted in given circumstances. The space between the pacl<ings 5 (in case of lack of the pacl<ing 10 closing the worl<ing space between the pacl<ings 5 protecting the bearing and the worl<ing space 4) is connected through a channel 7 leading into the air or into a neutral buffer space to a space the pressure of which is lower or the same as that causing a decrease of pressure through the bearings 6. Accordingly, the way of pressure decrease does not lead from the worl<ing space 4 through the bearings 6 but through the channels 7 that is the stream of medium forming subject to the changing pressure conditions of the working space 4 and to the condition of the pacl<ings does not effect the bearings 6. Actually only the pacl<ing 10, if there is one 1%(~4~fi6 in the construction closing the working space 4 is exposed to high pressure, while the loading of the other packing 5 protecting indirectly the bearing 6 is generally not considerable but it can also he high, yet leakage or corrosion, accordingly do not occur practically. The way of packing according to the invention consi-ders the change of the physical characteristics of the water as filling liquid due to the temperature. That is why it is capable even for packing of the working liquid which is moving through the packing 10 closing the working space 4 and which changes partially or totally into steam.
A very important part of the hydrodynamic clutch accord-ing to the invention is a new developed and arranged pressure security device. The saturation pressure in the clutch depending also on the temperature, and the saturation temperature with regard to the water-filling are in close connection. Therefore the pressure value can be indicated with enough security which is determinative regarding the mechanical strength of the hydrodynamic clutch and other (heat engineering) circumstances. In opposition to earlier solutions, when the frangible membrane pressure secur-ity device was to be found on the periphery of the hydrodynamicclutch where the determination and adjustment of the real value of the saturation pressure proved to be rather difficult due to the pressure caused by the centrifugal force while according to the invention the blowout plug 8 rotating together with the casing 3 penetrates into the during revolving practically liquidless space 9 of the working space 4 due to the working ring-shaped way of the working liquid, and which plug 8 is in our case a headed screw ~Z04.3fi6 with frangible membrane 15. The material of the frangible membrane 15 is preferably lead-foil built into the screw. Other materials can be applied, too, besides lead-foil, under certain conditions.
Reaching the dangerous pressure the membrane 15 cracks causing the decrease of pressure through this crack as the screw is in an area of atmospheric pressure. After the decrease of pressure the working liquid leaves the working space 4 as steam or in liquified state. Thus happens dividing of the engine side and the driven one.
The application of the blowout plug 8 (in our case a headed screw) according to the invention is based on the recogni-tion that the working filling of the hydrodynamic clutches never equals to the total capacity of the clutch, but it is always less, so a cylindrical liquidless space forms around the axle in the working space in normal working circumstances. The pressure protection unit situated in this space or in the vicinity feels the existing saturation pressure or that increased by the pressure of the some centimeter thick rotating liquid ring, but the latter pressure causes a negligible change compared to the change in saturation pressure in the temperature area of 413-423 K (140-150C). The change has an effect towards the increase of security.
Should the pressure protection work, another start is very simple. The blowout plug is to be replaced, which is due to its characteristics equivalent to replacing a screw with fuse link.
It should be noted that several plugs 8 can be built in at the same time as pressure protection into the hydrodynamic _ g 120~ 6 transmission mechanism which can be arranged in the way that it does not rotate together with the casing (e.g. on ~he switch of moment).
The well known fusible plug can be parallelly used as protection against overloading besides the pressure protection device.
Although we described in our example only the application of the invention with hydrodynamic clutches, the solution accord-ing to the invention refers also to other hydrodynamic power 'O transmission constructions, e.g. to switch of moment, too. The hydrodynamic clutch according to the invention is suitable f~-working with incombustible filling liquid, preferably with water, and hydrocarbon-based and synthetic liquids according to the followings:
The working conditions of the different filling liquids can be attained by forming the required group of the following structural unit varieties:
A) Protection A.a. fuse linked screw (11) A.b. frangible membrane (8) B) Packing B.b. between the bearing and the space with a pressure of the surrounding, towards the working space (4) 1~04.~f~6 3,a. Between the worlcing space and the space (10) with a pressure of the surrounding C) Outgoing boring from among two sealing rings arranged between the bearing and the worlcing space into the sur-rounding space, Type of the Incombustible Hydrocarbon- synthetic worl<ing liquid: water filling based oil oil Protection (A) A.b. (A.a.) A.a. A.b. (A.a.) Pacl<ing (B) B.a., B.b. none as required Outgoing boring yes closed by as required ( ) stopper
q'he subject of the invention is a fluid coupling, pre-ferably a hydrodynamic clutch, the liquid state power transmitting medium of which can be a water-based filling liquid, e.g. water itself, an oil or a synthetic liquid.
Mydrodynamic clutch means a structure, the substantial components of which are the pump-wheel fixed to a driving axle, the turbine-wheel fixed to the axle of the machine, and a half-casing surrounding - at least partially - the turbine-wheel and being connected mostly rigidly with the pump-wheel, in special cases it is fixed to the turbine-wheel.
Hereinafter the invention will be described by the example of a hydrodynamic clutch. It emerges from the description for the experts, that the above also applies to such fluid couplings operative with the mentioned liquid mediums which are not purposely clutch-like power transmitting systems but which trans-fer energy to the machine by means of power transmission in working circumstances similar to those in the description.
q~
~204366 The hydrodynamic clutch can have a ram space, a forebay or something else.
In case of hydrodynamic clutches operating with oil (hydrocarbon-based or synthetic liquid) as a filling liquld, the working liquid ensures lubricating of bearings thus these types have common worl<ing space and bearing space.
To avoid overloading - especially in case of constant filled hydrodynamic clutches - a screw with fuse link is built in.
The point of this protection is: a screw filled - in fact bored through - with metal melting at a certain temperature is placed onto the casing of the clutch.
At the nominal temperature - or rather in temperature range - the fuse link melts and gives way to the filling liquid to leave the worl<ing space. Due to the leaving liquid the decrease of filling exercises influence to the extent of the transmissible moment and results in dividing of driving machine and working mac'nine.
Hydrodynamic clutches filled with incombustible liquids, e.g. emulsion or water spread in the practice recently besides oil-filled hydrodynamic clutches.
The specific increase of power characteristics, the saving of energy and especially the relative low price of the filling liquid account for the use of water. In case of water filling, at the clutch we have to tal<e into consideration the essential difference in the change of the liquid's physical characte-ristics in comparision to that of hydrocarbon--based or synthetic working liquids. The protecting temperature of 1~04~fi6 chutches exceeds 373 I< (100 C). Also pressure protection is needed because of the low boiling point of the filling liquid. An efficient corrosion protection is required at the same time especially at the bearings. It has represented a difficult problem with the water-filled hydrodynamic clutches to insulate the bearing satisfactorily in the light of the fact that up to the security level any worl<ing cir-cumstances can occure with all their results (e.g. saturation pressure). There were suggestions to run the bearing in emulsion or water but it could not be applied in working conditions owing to the high extent of corrosion.
The most common way of protecting the bearing is to build in special or normal packings between t'ne working space and the bearing, which pacl<ings insulate bearing from water or emulsion. Should the decrease of pressure lead from the inner worl<ing space through the bearing, leal<age will happen due to the normal (or from normal different but still allowed) worl<ing of the cluth and wear of the pacl<ing components, thus the bearing cannot be protected from the corrosing effect of the working liquid and it results in the early Corrosion damage of the bearing./protection of the bearing is generally based on the consideration that the decrease of pressure coming from the inner working space does not lead through the bearing but evades it.
Another essential problem with the water-filled hydro-dynamic clutches is how to create the adequate pressure protection. A well known way of creating the adequate pressure protection is to weaken the clutch-casing so that it breaks _.jr.~ w ~204.~;6 when reaching the highest inner pressure allowed. It is obvious that this solution is rather expensive and the next start of the device is complicated. It is also a solution to place a craclcing disc protection onto the outer periphery of the casing just lil<e in case oF the fuse llnl<.
This is of the disadvantage that the exact determination and adjustment of pressure represent difficulty due to pressure caused by centrifugal force.
To overcome this insufficiency we have worl<ed out the following improved solution of cracl<ing disc protection which is the subject of the '~ungarian Patent No. 177894.
This solution can be relied on even under extreme worl<ing conditions and gives a cheap protection against corrosion for the bearing and has an easily replaceable means of pressure protection worl<ing when real overpressure. The pressure pro-tection is achieved by the cracking disc head placed onto the end of the tube running from the outer mantel of hydro-dynamic clutch to the lower part of the worl<ing space. The cracl<ing disc head senses - reaching through a working annular liquid layer - the existing saturation pressure supposing that the function connection between the saturation pressure and temperature determine an exact working range in case of water. When using it emerges that,besides its advantages, it has the disadvantage that the tube reaching through the liquid layer and being in connection with the atmosphere can cause additional losses in the hydrodynamic clutch~ That is why we were seel<ing for other ways of appli-cation of this correct principle, which enabled us to save ~04~fi~i energy and material besides further improving working security.
The basis of the invention is the recognition that the security reached with the help of the cracking disc head or frangible membrane situated on the penetrating tube can be achieved in an easier way during the nominal ~illing condition of the clutch: in a way which is more comprehensive as it enables use of all the mentioned advantages with simpler construction in case of water-filled clutches, thus synthetising the different simple solutions.
SUMMA~Y OF THE INVENTION
The invention provides an improved hydraulic torque transmitting device comprising a sleeve rotatable in sealed bearings about a central axis and adapted to engageably receive a shaft to be driven a turbine wheel mounted on said sleeve for rotation therewith; a hub mounted on said sleeve and engageable by a driving element; a pump wheel mounted adjacent said turbine wheel on said hub for rotation therewith; a housing surrounding the pump wheel as well as the turbine wheel; a working space surrounded by the said pump wheel and the said turbine wheel, respectively, containing such an amount of working fluid that the central portion of said working space lying next to the axis of rotation and surrounding it cylindrically forms during rotation a fluid-free area; and a pressure relief means provided with a frangible membrane, wherein the improvement consists in that a passageway is provided in said housing between its exterior and a region of the working space in said central portion, said pressure relief means comprising a throughgoing bore blocked by the said 1204.~fi6 frangible membrane being arranged in the said passageway in a manner such that the distance between the frangible membrane and the axis of rotation is equal to or less than the distance between the envelope of said central portion of the working space and the axis of rotation.
The frangible membrane is preferably provided in a blowout plug comprising a headed screw (called as pin further on) in which a disc head is situated - in the well known way. One or several fusible plugs can be also applied in an advantageous form of the invention, and this construction can be used favourably in oil hydraulic power transmission.
Our new solution differs from the previous one - while maintaining its several advantageous characteristics - in the respect that the protecting mechanism is realized by a blowout plug designed and situated in a completely - 5a -~04.'3~;6 different way and which does not penetrate 1nto the worl<ing space and is connected to it only by a communi-cating channel thus it does not modify directly the rotation conditions, the law of motion is the dlsc spac?;
its structure is simpler, its technology of mounting is more favourable. This protecting unit is enough in case of power transmissions with water-based working medium, but the special advantage of the solution in accordance with the invention is that it can be applied in general:
it only needs an additional l<nown screw with fuse-linl< in case of oilhydraulic systems.
The invention is described in detail by way of example referring to the enclosed drawings. In the drawings Fig. 1 shows in longitudinal section preferable form of the hydrodynamic clutch for incombustible water-based worl<ing, which is suitable for worlcing witll oil or synthetic liquid without structural change or with a possible completion (by adding a fuse-linlced screw) Fig. 2 shows the disc-headed pin enlarged, which is a headed screw in our case As it can be seen on Fig. 1 the hydrodynamic clutch according to the invention consists of a pump wheel 1 driven by a machine through a flexible clutch, a turbine wheel 2 but it is fixed rigidly to the pump wheel 1. In the closed worlcing space 4 formed this way, the moment of the driving machine will be transmitted by an incombustible ~204.~fi6 working liquid, preferably by water to the working machine the axle of which is connected by the axle-sleeve 14 supported by bearing and fixed to the turbine-wheel 2.
A hole 12 is formed in the axle-sleeve 14 on the side of the machine and the end of the axle of the driving machine can penetrate into this hole 12 in given circumstances.
On the driven side of the axle-sleeve 14 there is a hole 13, into which the axle of the worl<ing machine penetrates and which is fixed to the axle-sleeve 14 by a screw leading through the boring connecting the holes 12, 13 and which is driven into the axle of the worl<ing machine. The axle-sleeve 14 runs among bearings 6 which are protected by pacl<ings 5, e.g. sealing rings, against the worl<ing li4uid.
At the same time the worl<ing space 4 is closed by pacl<ings 10 similar to the previous pacl<ings 5, as seen on Fig. 1, but latter can be omitted in given circumstances. The space between the pacl<ings 5 (in case of lack of the pacl<ing 10 closing the worl<ing space between the pacl<ings 5 protecting the bearing and the worl<ing space 4) is connected through a channel 7 leading into the air or into a neutral buffer space to a space the pressure of which is lower or the same as that causing a decrease of pressure through the bearings 6. Accordingly, the way of pressure decrease does not lead from the worl<ing space 4 through the bearings 6 but through the channels 7 that is the stream of medium forming subject to the changing pressure conditions of the working space 4 and to the condition of the pacl<ings does not effect the bearings 6. Actually only the pacl<ing 10, if there is one 1%(~4~fi6 in the construction closing the working space 4 is exposed to high pressure, while the loading of the other packing 5 protecting indirectly the bearing 6 is generally not considerable but it can also he high, yet leakage or corrosion, accordingly do not occur practically. The way of packing according to the invention consi-ders the change of the physical characteristics of the water as filling liquid due to the temperature. That is why it is capable even for packing of the working liquid which is moving through the packing 10 closing the working space 4 and which changes partially or totally into steam.
A very important part of the hydrodynamic clutch accord-ing to the invention is a new developed and arranged pressure security device. The saturation pressure in the clutch depending also on the temperature, and the saturation temperature with regard to the water-filling are in close connection. Therefore the pressure value can be indicated with enough security which is determinative regarding the mechanical strength of the hydrodynamic clutch and other (heat engineering) circumstances. In opposition to earlier solutions, when the frangible membrane pressure secur-ity device was to be found on the periphery of the hydrodynamicclutch where the determination and adjustment of the real value of the saturation pressure proved to be rather difficult due to the pressure caused by the centrifugal force while according to the invention the blowout plug 8 rotating together with the casing 3 penetrates into the during revolving practically liquidless space 9 of the working space 4 due to the working ring-shaped way of the working liquid, and which plug 8 is in our case a headed screw ~Z04.3fi6 with frangible membrane 15. The material of the frangible membrane 15 is preferably lead-foil built into the screw. Other materials can be applied, too, besides lead-foil, under certain conditions.
Reaching the dangerous pressure the membrane 15 cracks causing the decrease of pressure through this crack as the screw is in an area of atmospheric pressure. After the decrease of pressure the working liquid leaves the working space 4 as steam or in liquified state. Thus happens dividing of the engine side and the driven one.
The application of the blowout plug 8 (in our case a headed screw) according to the invention is based on the recogni-tion that the working filling of the hydrodynamic clutches never equals to the total capacity of the clutch, but it is always less, so a cylindrical liquidless space forms around the axle in the working space in normal working circumstances. The pressure protection unit situated in this space or in the vicinity feels the existing saturation pressure or that increased by the pressure of the some centimeter thick rotating liquid ring, but the latter pressure causes a negligible change compared to the change in saturation pressure in the temperature area of 413-423 K (140-150C). The change has an effect towards the increase of security.
Should the pressure protection work, another start is very simple. The blowout plug is to be replaced, which is due to its characteristics equivalent to replacing a screw with fuse link.
It should be noted that several plugs 8 can be built in at the same time as pressure protection into the hydrodynamic _ g 120~ 6 transmission mechanism which can be arranged in the way that it does not rotate together with the casing (e.g. on ~he switch of moment).
The well known fusible plug can be parallelly used as protection against overloading besides the pressure protection device.
Although we described in our example only the application of the invention with hydrodynamic clutches, the solution accord-ing to the invention refers also to other hydrodynamic power 'O transmission constructions, e.g. to switch of moment, too. The hydrodynamic clutch according to the invention is suitable f~-working with incombustible filling liquid, preferably with water, and hydrocarbon-based and synthetic liquids according to the followings:
The working conditions of the different filling liquids can be attained by forming the required group of the following structural unit varieties:
A) Protection A.a. fuse linked screw (11) A.b. frangible membrane (8) B) Packing B.b. between the bearing and the space with a pressure of the surrounding, towards the working space (4) 1~04.~f~6 3,a. Between the worlcing space and the space (10) with a pressure of the surrounding C) Outgoing boring from among two sealing rings arranged between the bearing and the worlcing space into the sur-rounding space, Type of the Incombustible Hydrocarbon- synthetic worl<ing liquid: water filling based oil oil Protection (A) A.b. (A.a.) A.a. A.b. (A.a.) Pacl<ing (B) B.a., B.b. none as required Outgoing boring yes closed by as required ( ) stopper
Claims (5)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An improved hydraulic torque transmitting device comprising a sleeve rotatable in sealed bearings about a central axis and adapted to engageably receive a shaft to be driven; a turbine wheel mounted on said sleeve for rotation therewith; a hub mounted on said sleeve and engageable by a driving element; a pump wheel mounted adjacent said turbine wheel on said hub for rotation therewith; a housing surrounding the pump wheel as well as the turbine wheel; a working space surrounded by the said pump wheel and the said turbine wheel, respectively, containing such an amount of working fluid that the central portion of said working space lying next to the axis of rotation and surrounding it cylindrically forms during rotation a fluid-free area; and a pressure relief means provided with a frangible membrane, wherein the improvement consists in that a passageway is provided in said housing between its exterior and a region of the working space in said central portion, said pressure relief means comprising a throughgoing bore blocked by the said frangible membrane being arranged in the said passageway in a manner such that the distance between the frangible membrane and the axis of rotation is equal to or less than the distance between the envelope of said central portion of the working space and the axis of rotation.
2. A device as claimed in Claim 1 wherein said housing is provided with further passageways between the working space and either the exterior of said housing or a buffer area wherein a reduced pressure as compared with the working pressure of the working space prevails, said further passageways converging on the working space next to and inside a seal provided at each of said sealed bearings.
3. A device as claimed in Claim 2 wherein said sealed bearings are provided with double seals consisting of two single seals arranged next to each other, and said further passageways converge on the working space between the adjacent single seals that together form said double seal.
4. A device as claimed in any of Claims 1 to 3 further comprising at least one fusible plug arranged in the housing of said torque transmitting device.
5. A device as claimed in any of Claims 1 to 3 comprising a means for closing said passageway by replacing said pressure relief means by a stopper.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| HU821496A HU189137B (en) | 1982-05-12 | 1982-05-12 | Hydrodynamic transmission machinery the transmission medium of which are incombustible fluid based on water, oil or synthetic fluid |
| HU1496/82 | 1982-05-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1204366A true CA1204366A (en) | 1986-05-13 |
Family
ID=10954726
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000427917A Expired CA1204366A (en) | 1982-05-12 | 1983-05-11 | Hydrodynamic power transmitting construction with power transmitting medium of incombustible water- based liquid, oil or synthetic liquid |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT390486B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1204366A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3316923A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2526911B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2120364B (en) |
| HU (1) | HU189137B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1163356B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE454908B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE8414929U1 (en) * | 1984-05-16 | 1984-08-09 | Voith-Turbo Gmbh & Co Kg, 7180 Crailsheim | HYDRODYNAMIC CLUTCH |
| DE19614590A1 (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 1996-09-26 | Voith Turbo Kg | Hydrodynamic coupling e.g. between motor and belt etc. |
| DE19809598A1 (en) * | 1998-03-06 | 1999-09-23 | Voith Turbo Kg | Hydrodynamic coupling for wind turbines |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB549951A (en) * | 1941-04-23 | 1942-12-15 | Borg & Beck Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to hydraulic coupling devices for the transmission of torque |
| GB550640A (en) * | 1941-08-25 | 1943-01-18 | Borg & Beck Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to hydraulic torque transmitting devices |
| GB1030572A (en) * | 1962-04-03 | 1966-05-25 | Coal Industry Patents Ltd | Improvements in fluid couplings and the like |
| GB1037268A (en) * | 1963-08-20 | 1966-07-27 | Colette Schuler Voith | Temperature responsive indicating device |
| GB1151216A (en) * | 1965-08-16 | 1969-05-07 | Fluidrive Eng Co Ltd | Hydraulic Turbo Couplings |
| GB1093304A (en) * | 1965-09-03 | 1967-11-29 | Fluidrive Eng Co Ltd | Fusible plug assemblies for hydraulic turbo-couplings |
-
1982
- 1982-05-12 HU HU821496A patent/HU189137B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1983
- 1983-05-09 DE DE19833316923 patent/DE3316923A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1983-05-11 AT AT0173383A patent/AT390486B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-05-11 FR FR838307956A patent/FR2526911B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-05-11 SE SE8302707A patent/SE454908B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-05-11 CA CA000427917A patent/CA1204366A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-05-12 GB GB08313041A patent/GB2120364B/en not_active Expired
- 1983-05-12 IT IT21067/83A patent/IT1163356B/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE454908B (en) | 1988-06-06 |
| FR2526911A1 (en) | 1983-11-18 |
| FR2526911B1 (en) | 1989-03-31 |
| IT1163356B (en) | 1987-04-08 |
| GB2120364B (en) | 1986-09-24 |
| SE8302707L (en) | 1983-11-13 |
| GB8313041D0 (en) | 1983-06-15 |
| HU189137B (en) | 1986-06-30 |
| AT390486B (en) | 1990-05-10 |
| IT8321067A0 (en) | 1983-05-12 |
| ATA173383A (en) | 1989-10-15 |
| SE8302707D0 (en) | 1983-05-11 |
| GB2120364A (en) | 1983-11-30 |
| DE3316923A1 (en) | 1984-03-22 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |