CA1202166A - Reinforced ceiling runner and method of reinforcing a ceiling runner - Google Patents
Reinforced ceiling runner and method of reinforcing a ceiling runnerInfo
- Publication number
- CA1202166A CA1202166A CA000423869A CA423869A CA1202166A CA 1202166 A CA1202166 A CA 1202166A CA 000423869 A CA000423869 A CA 000423869A CA 423869 A CA423869 A CA 423869A CA 1202166 A CA1202166 A CA 1202166A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- strip
- horizontal flanges
- runner
- flanges
- vertical web
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
- E04B9/06—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation characterised by constructional features of the supporting construction, e.g. cross section or material of framework members
- E04B9/065—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation characterised by constructional features of the supporting construction, e.g. cross section or material of framework members comprising supporting beams having a folded cross-section
- E04B9/067—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation characterised by constructional features of the supporting construction, e.g. cross section or material of framework members comprising supporting beams having a folded cross-section with inverted T-shaped cross-section
- E04B9/068—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation characterised by constructional features of the supporting construction, e.g. cross section or material of framework members comprising supporting beams having a folded cross-section with inverted T-shaped cross-section with double web
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
- E04B9/06—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation characterised by constructional features of the supporting construction, e.g. cross section or material of framework members
- E04B2009/062—Caps covering visible surfaces of the supporting construction
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
Abstract
REINFORCED CEILING RUNNER AND METHOD OF
REINFORCING A CEILING RUNNER
Abstract of the Disclosure A method is provided for adding strength to a T bar grid fabricated with a double web and capped system. The addition of strength is achieved by coating the inside portion of the cap strip, or the bottom sides of the flanged area of the T bar which attach to the cap strip with a hot melt adhesive. Cooling sets the adhesive and results in the two parts of the grid member becoming a unitized structure.
REINFORCING A CEILING RUNNER
Abstract of the Disclosure A method is provided for adding strength to a T bar grid fabricated with a double web and capped system. The addition of strength is achieved by coating the inside portion of the cap strip, or the bottom sides of the flanged area of the T bar which attach to the cap strip with a hot melt adhesive. Cooling sets the adhesive and results in the two parts of the grid member becoming a unitized structure.
Description
6~
REINFORCED CEILING RUNNER AND METHOD OF
REINFOF~CINt~ A CEILING RUNNER
Background of the Invention Field of the Invention 5The invention is directed to a method of fabricating a specific runner and, more particularly, to a method of reinforcing the ceiling runner by using an adhesive in conjunction with a mechanical bonding.
Description of the Prior Art 10U~S. Patent No. 4,206,578 is directed to a typical double web capped T bar grid.
ll.S. Patent No. 3,845,544 is dir~ected to a method of forming sheet metal structures wherein the sheet metal components are glued together.
U.S. Patent No. 3,725,169 is directed to a sheet metal structure where two metallic sheets are bonded together.
U.S. Patent 3,029,914 is directed to a sheet metal structure where two sheet metal structùres have 20 been adhesively joined together and the sheet metal structures have also been fabricated to a specific shape.
Summary of the Invention The invention is directed to the method of 25 making a ceiling runner. The first step involves the orming of an inverted T-shaped runner with a vertical web and two horizontal flanges at the base of the web Q~
with one horizontal flange being disposed p~rpen-dicularly vn each side of th~ vertica~ we~.
A strip of material is applied to the under-- side of both horizontal flanges wi~h the sides of the strip of materidl extending beyond the edges of the horizontal flanges. Each side of the strip of material is wrapped around and slightly over each edge of the horizontal flange whereby the bottom and edges of the horizontal flanges are encased in the strip of material.
The improvement herein is in the application of an adhe-sive material to the interface of the horizontal flanges and the strip of material prior to their assembly. This adhesive is heat activated after the product is mechani-cally assembled to bond the strip of material and the inverted T-shaped runner together.
The structure claimed herein is a structure which results from the application of the above method to form a product.
Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is an end view of an inverted T-shaped runner with a capped horizontal flange, and ~ Fig. 2 is a perspective view~of the inverted T
runner.
Description of the Preferred Embodiment The purpose of the invention herein is to pro-vide a method of adding strength to a T bar grid fabri-cated with a double web and cap system. More particularly, one desires to add strength in pounds per foot deflection and in torque strength by twisting. The addition of strength is achieved by coating the inside portion of the cap strip or the bottom sides of the flanged areas which attach to the cap strip with a "hot melt" adhesive. The precoated metal is assembled in the rolling mill by existing techniques. ~fter assembly, 3~ the fabricator applies heat to the yrid which activates the adhesive and permits the adhesive to 10w or wet the surfaces which contact one another. Cooling sets the adhes~ive and results in the grid gaining a "unitized"
~2~1Ei6 _ 3 - CBP-7136 str~cture. Heat may be applied by cont~ting the grid with a hot surface, i.e., hot rolls or by passing the grid through a heat tunnel, i.e., infrared lights.
Either heating system has proved capable of use with S conventional hot melt adhesives. Testing has also shown that reheating the grid to approximately 140 F will soften the adhesive, however, the original strength is returned by cooling. A number of advantages result from the utilization of the process herein. It is possible now to reduce the number of bends incorporated in the cross-sectional configuration. Perhaps lighter gauge metals may now be utilized to give the same properties as current grid structures not containing the hot melt adhesive. There is added value to the grid in that the customer can feel by a comparison the improved strength of the grid herein as compared to other grid structures not containing the hot melt adhesive.
A grid member is conventionally formèd by taking a piece of sheet metal of .010" to .013"
thickness steel and through the use of a conventional metal formin~ technique convert it into an inverted T-shaped runner, such as runner 2 of Figure 1. The single piece of metal is basically bent in its center to form the vertical rib form. The runner may be provided with an enlarged top 6 or it could be simply formed by bending the piece of sheet metal at its midpoint with a 180 fold. The ends of the piece of sheet metal are bent out at a 90 angle from each side of the vertical web ~ to form the two horizontal flanges 8 and 10.
These flanges are disposed perpendicularly to the vertical web at the base of the vertical web as shown in Figure 1.
Conventionally, a cap strip of material 12 is applied to the horizontal flanges of the grid for both a decorative effect and also to cover up the gap that exists between the two webs of material forming the ver-tical web 4 of the runner. The cap strip 12 would be of .010" thickness steel and would be slightly wider than ~2~2~i6 the width of the hori~ontal ~lang~ ~ ~nd 10 as measured from the edge of one horizontal flang~ to the edge of the opposite horizontal ~lange. Through a conventional metal fonning technique the sides 14 of the strip of S material 1~ are folded around the edg~ of the horizontal flange and are placed slightly above the top edge of the horizontal flange to form the structure shown in Figure 1. Consequently the bottom and edges of the horizontal flange are encased in a strip of material.
The above structure is conventional in the art as shown in U.S. Patent No. 4,206,578. The inven~ion herein lies in the application of a hot melt adhesive to either the underside of flanges 8 and 10 or the upper surface of the strip of material 12 prior to the time that these two elements are assembled. A particularly good hot melt adhesive that could be utilized is the adhesive of Roberts Consolidated Industries sold under the trade name Superstick. After the a~hesive coating is applied, the flanges 8 and 10 and the piece of material 12 are assembled in a conventional manner as above described. It is believed that the invention herein is not restricted to jus~t the ~use of a hot melt adhesive, but any adhesive or even solder could be utilized which would tend to bond together the two elements forming the horizontal flange of inver~ed T
runner. If a hot melt adhesive is used, the adhesive would be heated to approximately 220 F which will soften the adhesive and upon its cooling the adhesive will be bonded to the metal surfaces and consequently bond together the metal surfaces.
As a result of the use of the adhesive, the torque strength of a conventional runner is noticeably improved. If one would take the runner structure of Figure 2, which is a conventional capped runner structure, and grasp it at both ends and twist it in the direction shown by the arrows there would be an application of torque to the runner and this would provide an indication of the torque strength of the ~ Z~6 _ ~ - CBP-7136 runner. The presence or absence of the hot melt adhesive makes a very noticable change in the torque , ~ strength and there is a substantial increase in the torque strength of the inverted T-shaped runner using an adhesive at the interface between the bottom of horizontal flanges 8 and 10 and the top of the piece of material 12. The placement of the adhesive can also affect the load strength which is the load the runner will support on its horizontal flanges.
As originally applied, the adhesive was placed as shown in Figure 1. Here the adhesive 16 was along the whole surface of the bottom of the horizontal flange and even e~tended partly between the vertical web members. Subsequent application placed the adhesive lS just between the vertical web members and not on the horizontal flanges, or just on the ends of the horizontal flanges and not on the rest of the horizontal flanges (the center region of the flanges) or between the vertical web members. Placing the adhesive only between the vertical web members gave improved torque strength, but no improved vertical load strength while placing the adhesive only at the ends of the horizontal flanges increased both torque and vertical load strengths.
REINFORCED CEILING RUNNER AND METHOD OF
REINFOF~CINt~ A CEILING RUNNER
Background of the Invention Field of the Invention 5The invention is directed to a method of fabricating a specific runner and, more particularly, to a method of reinforcing the ceiling runner by using an adhesive in conjunction with a mechanical bonding.
Description of the Prior Art 10U~S. Patent No. 4,206,578 is directed to a typical double web capped T bar grid.
ll.S. Patent No. 3,845,544 is dir~ected to a method of forming sheet metal structures wherein the sheet metal components are glued together.
U.S. Patent No. 3,725,169 is directed to a sheet metal structure where two metallic sheets are bonded together.
U.S. Patent 3,029,914 is directed to a sheet metal structure where two sheet metal structùres have 20 been adhesively joined together and the sheet metal structures have also been fabricated to a specific shape.
Summary of the Invention The invention is directed to the method of 25 making a ceiling runner. The first step involves the orming of an inverted T-shaped runner with a vertical web and two horizontal flanges at the base of the web Q~
with one horizontal flange being disposed p~rpen-dicularly vn each side of th~ vertica~ we~.
A strip of material is applied to the under-- side of both horizontal flanges wi~h the sides of the strip of materidl extending beyond the edges of the horizontal flanges. Each side of the strip of material is wrapped around and slightly over each edge of the horizontal flange whereby the bottom and edges of the horizontal flanges are encased in the strip of material.
The improvement herein is in the application of an adhe-sive material to the interface of the horizontal flanges and the strip of material prior to their assembly. This adhesive is heat activated after the product is mechani-cally assembled to bond the strip of material and the inverted T-shaped runner together.
The structure claimed herein is a structure which results from the application of the above method to form a product.
Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is an end view of an inverted T-shaped runner with a capped horizontal flange, and ~ Fig. 2 is a perspective view~of the inverted T
runner.
Description of the Preferred Embodiment The purpose of the invention herein is to pro-vide a method of adding strength to a T bar grid fabri-cated with a double web and cap system. More particularly, one desires to add strength in pounds per foot deflection and in torque strength by twisting. The addition of strength is achieved by coating the inside portion of the cap strip or the bottom sides of the flanged areas which attach to the cap strip with a "hot melt" adhesive. The precoated metal is assembled in the rolling mill by existing techniques. ~fter assembly, 3~ the fabricator applies heat to the yrid which activates the adhesive and permits the adhesive to 10w or wet the surfaces which contact one another. Cooling sets the adhes~ive and results in the grid gaining a "unitized"
~2~1Ei6 _ 3 - CBP-7136 str~cture. Heat may be applied by cont~ting the grid with a hot surface, i.e., hot rolls or by passing the grid through a heat tunnel, i.e., infrared lights.
Either heating system has proved capable of use with S conventional hot melt adhesives. Testing has also shown that reheating the grid to approximately 140 F will soften the adhesive, however, the original strength is returned by cooling. A number of advantages result from the utilization of the process herein. It is possible now to reduce the number of bends incorporated in the cross-sectional configuration. Perhaps lighter gauge metals may now be utilized to give the same properties as current grid structures not containing the hot melt adhesive. There is added value to the grid in that the customer can feel by a comparison the improved strength of the grid herein as compared to other grid structures not containing the hot melt adhesive.
A grid member is conventionally formèd by taking a piece of sheet metal of .010" to .013"
thickness steel and through the use of a conventional metal formin~ technique convert it into an inverted T-shaped runner, such as runner 2 of Figure 1. The single piece of metal is basically bent in its center to form the vertical rib form. The runner may be provided with an enlarged top 6 or it could be simply formed by bending the piece of sheet metal at its midpoint with a 180 fold. The ends of the piece of sheet metal are bent out at a 90 angle from each side of the vertical web ~ to form the two horizontal flanges 8 and 10.
These flanges are disposed perpendicularly to the vertical web at the base of the vertical web as shown in Figure 1.
Conventionally, a cap strip of material 12 is applied to the horizontal flanges of the grid for both a decorative effect and also to cover up the gap that exists between the two webs of material forming the ver-tical web 4 of the runner. The cap strip 12 would be of .010" thickness steel and would be slightly wider than ~2~2~i6 the width of the hori~ontal ~lang~ ~ ~nd 10 as measured from the edge of one horizontal flang~ to the edge of the opposite horizontal ~lange. Through a conventional metal fonning technique the sides 14 of the strip of S material 1~ are folded around the edg~ of the horizontal flange and are placed slightly above the top edge of the horizontal flange to form the structure shown in Figure 1. Consequently the bottom and edges of the horizontal flange are encased in a strip of material.
The above structure is conventional in the art as shown in U.S. Patent No. 4,206,578. The inven~ion herein lies in the application of a hot melt adhesive to either the underside of flanges 8 and 10 or the upper surface of the strip of material 12 prior to the time that these two elements are assembled. A particularly good hot melt adhesive that could be utilized is the adhesive of Roberts Consolidated Industries sold under the trade name Superstick. After the a~hesive coating is applied, the flanges 8 and 10 and the piece of material 12 are assembled in a conventional manner as above described. It is believed that the invention herein is not restricted to jus~t the ~use of a hot melt adhesive, but any adhesive or even solder could be utilized which would tend to bond together the two elements forming the horizontal flange of inver~ed T
runner. If a hot melt adhesive is used, the adhesive would be heated to approximately 220 F which will soften the adhesive and upon its cooling the adhesive will be bonded to the metal surfaces and consequently bond together the metal surfaces.
As a result of the use of the adhesive, the torque strength of a conventional runner is noticeably improved. If one would take the runner structure of Figure 2, which is a conventional capped runner structure, and grasp it at both ends and twist it in the direction shown by the arrows there would be an application of torque to the runner and this would provide an indication of the torque strength of the ~ Z~6 _ ~ - CBP-7136 runner. The presence or absence of the hot melt adhesive makes a very noticable change in the torque , ~ strength and there is a substantial increase in the torque strength of the inverted T-shaped runner using an adhesive at the interface between the bottom of horizontal flanges 8 and 10 and the top of the piece of material 12. The placement of the adhesive can also affect the load strength which is the load the runner will support on its horizontal flanges.
As originally applied, the adhesive was placed as shown in Figure 1. Here the adhesive 16 was along the whole surface of the bottom of the horizontal flange and even e~tended partly between the vertical web members. Subsequent application placed the adhesive lS just between the vertical web members and not on the horizontal flanges, or just on the ends of the horizontal flanges and not on the rest of the horizontal flanges (the center region of the flanges) or between the vertical web members. Placing the adhesive only between the vertical web members gave improved torque strength, but no improved vertical load strength while placing the adhesive only at the ends of the horizontal flanges increased both torque and vertical load strengths.
Claims (7)
1. The method of making a ceiling runner comprising the steps of:
(a) forming an inverted T-shaped runner with a vertical web and two horizontal flanges at the base of the web with one horizontal flange disposed per-pendicularly on each side of the vertical web, (b) applying a strip of material to the underside of both horizontal flanges with the sides of the strip of material extending beyond the edges of the horizontal flanges, (c) wrapping each side of the strip of material around and slightly over each edge of the hori-zontal flanges whereby the bottom and edges of the hori-zontal flanges are encased in the strip of material, and (d) the improvement comprising the step of:
(1) applying an adhesive material to the interface of the horizontal flanges and strip of material prior to their assembly together.
(a) forming an inverted T-shaped runner with a vertical web and two horizontal flanges at the base of the web with one horizontal flange disposed per-pendicularly on each side of the vertical web, (b) applying a strip of material to the underside of both horizontal flanges with the sides of the strip of material extending beyond the edges of the horizontal flanges, (c) wrapping each side of the strip of material around and slightly over each edge of the hori-zontal flanges whereby the bottom and edges of the hori-zontal flanges are encased in the strip of material, and (d) the improvement comprising the step of:
(1) applying an adhesive material to the interface of the horizontal flanges and strip of material prior to their assembly together.
2. The method of making a ceiling runner as set forth in claim 1 wherein there is the additional step of:
(a) heat activating the adhesive material after the strip of material is wrapped around the edges of the horizontal flanges.
(a) heat activating the adhesive material after the strip of material is wrapped around the edges of the horizontal flanges.
3. A runner structure for suspended ceilings comprising:
(a) an inverted T-shaped runner member having a vertical web with two horizontal flanges at the base of the web with one horizontal flange disposed per-pendicularly on each side of the vertical web, (b) a strip of material positioned against the underside of the horizontal flanges with the edges of the strip of material extending around and slightly over the outer edge of the horizontal flanges, and (c) the improvement comprising:
(1) an adhesive coating at least in the region of the interface of the bottom of the horizontal flanges and the strip of material.
(a) an inverted T-shaped runner member having a vertical web with two horizontal flanges at the base of the web with one horizontal flange disposed per-pendicularly on each side of the vertical web, (b) a strip of material positioned against the underside of the horizontal flanges with the edges of the strip of material extending around and slightly over the outer edge of the horizontal flanges, and (c) the improvement comprising:
(1) an adhesive coating at least in the region of the interface of the bottom of the horizontal flanges and the strip of material.
4. The runner structure of claim 3 wherein:
(a) the inverted T-shaped runner member is formed of one piece of material bent in half to form first the vertical web of two members and then bent near its edges to form the horizontal flanges disposed perpendicularly to the vertical web.
(a) the inverted T-shaped runner member is formed of one piece of material bent in half to form first the vertical web of two members and then bent near its edges to form the horizontal flanges disposed perpendicularly to the vertical web.
5. The runner structure of claim 4 wherein:
(a) the adhesive coating is at the interface of the bottom of the horizontal flanges and the strip of material and further partly between the vertical web members.
(a) the adhesive coating is at the interface of the bottom of the horizontal flanges and the strip of material and further partly between the vertical web members.
6. The runner structure of claim 5 wherein:
(a) the adhesive coating is only between the vertical web members.
(a) the adhesive coating is only between the vertical web members.
7. The runner structure of claim 3 wherein:
(a) the adhesive coating is only at the interface of the bottom of the horizontal flanges and the strip of material at the ends of the horizontal flanges.
(a) the adhesive coating is only at the interface of the bottom of the horizontal flanges and the strip of material at the ends of the horizontal flanges.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US39982282A | 1982-07-19 | 1982-07-19 | |
| US399,822 | 1982-07-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1202166A true CA1202166A (en) | 1986-03-25 |
Family
ID=23581096
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000423869A Expired CA1202166A (en) | 1982-07-19 | 1983-03-17 | Reinforced ceiling runner and method of reinforcing a ceiling runner |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5918845A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU1245683A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE896777A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1202166A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE8314392U1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2530315A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2125845B (en) |
| LU (1) | LU84810A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8302124A (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4489529A (en) * | 1983-01-17 | 1984-12-25 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. | Reinforced ceiling runner |
| GB2182078B (en) * | 1985-10-24 | 1988-10-05 | Phoenix Rollformed Sections Li | Suspended ceilings |
| DE10326333A1 (en) * | 2003-06-11 | 2004-12-30 | Protektorwerk Florenz Maisch Gmbh & Co. Kg | Profile rail and method for producing a profile rail |
| GB2456328A (en) | 2008-01-11 | 2009-07-15 | Usg Interiors Inc | Grid members for a suspended ceiling and methods of making same |
| USD668352S1 (en) | 2008-01-11 | 2012-10-02 | Usg Interiors, Llc | Suspended ceiling wall angle |
| CN109057158A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-12-21 | 悉地（北京）国际建筑设计顾问有限公司 | A kind of square shaped pipe concrete column with T-type ribbed stiffener |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3029914A (en) * | 1958-11-25 | 1962-04-17 | Macomber Inc | Laminated tubular section structural members |
| GB1068380A (en) * | 1964-10-28 | 1967-05-10 | Donn Prod Inc | Structural beam |
| FR1583861A (en) * | 1968-05-14 | 1969-12-05 | ||
| GB1380574A (en) * | 1971-03-10 | 1975-01-15 | Pitt J H J | Structural members and frameworks |
| GB1341990A (en) * | 1971-04-14 | 1973-12-25 | Armstrong Cork Co | Ceiling runners |
| DE2752963A1 (en) * | 1977-11-28 | 1979-05-31 | Hunter Douglas Ind Bv | WALL OR CEILING CONSTRUCTION |
-
1983
- 1983-03-15 AU AU12456/83A patent/AU1245683A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1983-03-17 CA CA000423869A patent/CA1202166A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-04-19 JP JP58067907A patent/JPS5918845A/en active Pending
- 1983-05-06 FR FR8307590A patent/FR2530315A1/en active Pending
- 1983-05-16 DE DE19838314392D patent/DE8314392U1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-05-16 DE DE19833317705 patent/DE3317705A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1983-05-18 BE BE0/210796A patent/BE896777A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-05-19 LU LU84810A patent/LU84810A1/en unknown
- 1983-06-15 NL NL8302124A patent/NL8302124A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1983-07-13 GB GB08318992A patent/GB2125845B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE896777A (en) | 1983-09-16 |
| DE8314392U1 (en) | 1984-10-31 |
| JPS5918845A (en) | 1984-01-31 |
| AU1245683A (en) | 1984-01-26 |
| GB2125845B (en) | 1986-02-05 |
| FR2530315A1 (en) | 1984-01-20 |
| GB2125845A (en) | 1984-03-14 |
| GB8318992D0 (en) | 1983-08-17 |
| LU84810A1 (en) | 1983-11-17 |
| NL8302124A (en) | 1984-02-16 |
| DE3317705A1 (en) | 1984-01-19 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |