CA1196279A - Insect repellents - Google Patents
Insect repellentsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1196279A CA1196279A CA000424691A CA424691A CA1196279A CA 1196279 A CA1196279 A CA 1196279A CA 000424691 A CA000424691 A CA 000424691A CA 424691 A CA424691 A CA 424691A CA 1196279 A CA1196279 A CA 1196279A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- deet
- castor oil
- weight
- insect repellent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The invention relates to insect repellents containing N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) as the repellant component and castor oil as the component which provides a prolongation of activity.
The invention relates to insect repellents containing N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) as the repellant component and castor oil as the component which provides a prolongation of activity.
Description
27~
The present invention relates to insect repel-lents~ for use on human skin, which are based on N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and have a prolonged activity.
DEET is a known and proven insect repellent and is generally accepted as a very good "all-round repellen-t" [Kochbar, R~Ko ~ Dixit, R.S., Somaya9 C.J. f Indian J. Med. ResO 9 629 1 January 197~]~
For a desirable activity of 6 to ~ hour~ on humar. skin, a concentration of ~0% to 50% by wei~ht is re~uired in formulations which are usually customary ~ethanolic or isopropanolic solutions~ LNowak, G.A.,oDiekosmetischen Pr~parate (Cosmetic products), Verlag f~lr chem.
Industrie H. Ziolkowsky KG~ 5~4 Augsburg 1975~.
m e duration of the activity of repellent formu lations against mosauitoes is usually tested in vivo on the yellow fever mosquito ~Aedes aegypti) ~hust5 S~ 9 ParfO u Kosm., 41y304 (1960~o In this test~ in each case 500 female mosquitoes are introduced in-to a 35 x 35 x 35 cm cage covered with gauze. The readi-ness of the mosquitoes to bite is tested by introducing an arm of the particular test person. The landing, biting and sucking of a relatively large number of mos-quitoes is regarded as the criterion of positive readi-ness o bite, The rep~llent formulations are tested in a laboratory at a temperature of 22C and at a relative atmospheric humi-dit~ of 70 + 10%. The test substances = formulations as descri~ed in the examples are applied immediately before the start of the experiment. The amount of 0.1 - 0.01 ml of Eormulation is a~plied with a glass rod, as far as possible uniformly~ to an area of 100 cm on the lower arm o the subjectO
Adhasive is then applied around the edg~s of the treated areaO The rem~inlng ~rea of arm is covered with a Le A 21 621 ~r~
plastic glove, which reaches up to -the shoulders.
An influencing of the mosquitoes by secretions from the skin which attract the mosquitoes can thereby be excl~ded.
The ar~ treated in this manner is introduced into the mosquito cage, contact between the open area of the ar~. and the gauze being prevented in order to avoid con tamination of the gau~.e and simultan~ous loss of repel-lant substance from the area of arm. The arm is introduced directly after application and at hourly intervals. The exposùre time is in each case 5 minutes. It is ~ssumed that the action of a sub-stance has ended when at least 2 mosqui~es have sucked their fill on the treated area durin~ this timespanO
Fig. 1 shows the dependence of the duration of activity on the DEET concentrations, deter~ined by the method described aboveO The çoncentration of DEET in ~ by weighthas been plotted along the abscissa and the duration of activity in hours has been plotted along the ordinate.
~he graph sho~n in F.ig~ 1 shows ~n unfavour~ble Path -n the area of higher concen-trations. According to o~lr investigations, th s is mostly to be attributed to absorPtion of the DEET. The absorbed portion of DEET is no longer available for repelling insectsO
It is known that other substances, such as per-fume oils, water, solubilising agents and fats, can be added to alcoholic solutions of DEET~ These additives serve ~o improve the fragrance, consistency~ ease of distribution and feeling on the skin~
3C Combinations with other repelle~t active sub-s-tances [Charlet, E., Finkel, PO 9 Strickmann, H. 9 ParfO
u~ Kosm 59, 367 (1978)~ are also knownO
Substances have now been sought which reduce the absorption of DÆET by human skin and thus .increase the dura-ti.en o~ activityO ~urprisingly, it was possihle to find that a significantly reduced absorption and an Le ~ 21 21 improved duration of activity was achieved by adding castor oil. Castor oil it-self has no repellent action.
Fig. 2 shows a comparison of the duration of activity of 20% by weight strength DEET formulations without ~1) an additive and with (2) the addition of 15% by weight of castor oil.
The two formulations are plotted along the abscissa, and the duration oE activity in hours is plotted along the ordinate. The duration of the activity of 20% by weight of DEET in isopropanol is increased from 5.7 hours to 7.9 hours by adding 15% by weight of castor oil. The formulation containing 20% by weight of DEET and added castor oil is thus even superior to a 30% by weight strength DEET solution without an additive in respect of the duration of activity. A prolonged activity or, at the same activity, a lower use concentra-tion of DEET has been achieved by the formulations according to the invention.
The concentration of DEET in the formulations according to the inven-tion is between 5 and 50% by weight but preferably between 10 ~nd 40% by weight.Concentrations between 15 and 25% by weight are very particularly preferred.
Taking into consideration cosmetic requirements, the concentration oE
castor oil should be between 5 and 35%, but preferably between 10 and 20% by weight.
Commercially available castor oil DAB VII is used. Suitable solvents are monohydric and polyhydric alcohols, particularly alkanols, alkanediols and alkanetriols, such as, for example, ethanol, isopropanol, propylene glycol or glycerol. Further additives can be: other repellents LCharlet, E., Finkel, P., Stickmann, H.; Parf. u. Kosm. 59, 367 ~1978)~; perfume oils to cover the intrinsic odour; aroma substances with their own repellent action (for example lcmon oil, lavender oil or oil of cinnamon), water and cosmetic bases, such as, for example, isopropyl myristate, paraffin oil and the like [Schrader, K.;
Cr~mdlagen und Re~epturen der Kosmetika (Principles and recipes of cosmetics), /~
The present invention relates to insect repel-lents~ for use on human skin, which are based on N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and have a prolonged activity.
DEET is a known and proven insect repellent and is generally accepted as a very good "all-round repellen-t" [Kochbar, R~Ko ~ Dixit, R.S., Somaya9 C.J. f Indian J. Med. ResO 9 629 1 January 197~]~
For a desirable activity of 6 to ~ hour~ on humar. skin, a concentration of ~0% to 50% by wei~ht is re~uired in formulations which are usually customary ~ethanolic or isopropanolic solutions~ LNowak, G.A.,oDiekosmetischen Pr~parate (Cosmetic products), Verlag f~lr chem.
Industrie H. Ziolkowsky KG~ 5~4 Augsburg 1975~.
m e duration of the activity of repellent formu lations against mosauitoes is usually tested in vivo on the yellow fever mosquito ~Aedes aegypti) ~hust5 S~ 9 ParfO u Kosm., 41y304 (1960~o In this test~ in each case 500 female mosquitoes are introduced in-to a 35 x 35 x 35 cm cage covered with gauze. The readi-ness of the mosquitoes to bite is tested by introducing an arm of the particular test person. The landing, biting and sucking of a relatively large number of mos-quitoes is regarded as the criterion of positive readi-ness o bite, The rep~llent formulations are tested in a laboratory at a temperature of 22C and at a relative atmospheric humi-dit~ of 70 + 10%. The test substances = formulations as descri~ed in the examples are applied immediately before the start of the experiment. The amount of 0.1 - 0.01 ml of Eormulation is a~plied with a glass rod, as far as possible uniformly~ to an area of 100 cm on the lower arm o the subjectO
Adhasive is then applied around the edg~s of the treated areaO The rem~inlng ~rea of arm is covered with a Le A 21 621 ~r~
plastic glove, which reaches up to -the shoulders.
An influencing of the mosquitoes by secretions from the skin which attract the mosquitoes can thereby be excl~ded.
The ar~ treated in this manner is introduced into the mosquito cage, contact between the open area of the ar~. and the gauze being prevented in order to avoid con tamination of the gau~.e and simultan~ous loss of repel-lant substance from the area of arm. The arm is introduced directly after application and at hourly intervals. The exposùre time is in each case 5 minutes. It is ~ssumed that the action of a sub-stance has ended when at least 2 mosqui~es have sucked their fill on the treated area durin~ this timespanO
Fig. 1 shows the dependence of the duration of activity on the DEET concentrations, deter~ined by the method described aboveO The çoncentration of DEET in ~ by weighthas been plotted along the abscissa and the duration of activity in hours has been plotted along the ordinate.
~he graph sho~n in F.ig~ 1 shows ~n unfavour~ble Path -n the area of higher concen-trations. According to o~lr investigations, th s is mostly to be attributed to absorPtion of the DEET. The absorbed portion of DEET is no longer available for repelling insectsO
It is known that other substances, such as per-fume oils, water, solubilising agents and fats, can be added to alcoholic solutions of DEET~ These additives serve ~o improve the fragrance, consistency~ ease of distribution and feeling on the skin~
3C Combinations with other repelle~t active sub-s-tances [Charlet, E., Finkel, PO 9 Strickmann, H. 9 ParfO
u~ Kosm 59, 367 (1978)~ are also knownO
Substances have now been sought which reduce the absorption of DÆET by human skin and thus .increase the dura-ti.en o~ activityO ~urprisingly, it was possihle to find that a significantly reduced absorption and an Le ~ 21 21 improved duration of activity was achieved by adding castor oil. Castor oil it-self has no repellent action.
Fig. 2 shows a comparison of the duration of activity of 20% by weight strength DEET formulations without ~1) an additive and with (2) the addition of 15% by weight of castor oil.
The two formulations are plotted along the abscissa, and the duration oE activity in hours is plotted along the ordinate. The duration of the activity of 20% by weight of DEET in isopropanol is increased from 5.7 hours to 7.9 hours by adding 15% by weight of castor oil. The formulation containing 20% by weight of DEET and added castor oil is thus even superior to a 30% by weight strength DEET solution without an additive in respect of the duration of activity. A prolonged activity or, at the same activity, a lower use concentra-tion of DEET has been achieved by the formulations according to the invention.
The concentration of DEET in the formulations according to the inven-tion is between 5 and 50% by weight but preferably between 10 ~nd 40% by weight.Concentrations between 15 and 25% by weight are very particularly preferred.
Taking into consideration cosmetic requirements, the concentration oE
castor oil should be between 5 and 35%, but preferably between 10 and 20% by weight.
Commercially available castor oil DAB VII is used. Suitable solvents are monohydric and polyhydric alcohols, particularly alkanols, alkanediols and alkanetriols, such as, for example, ethanol, isopropanol, propylene glycol or glycerol. Further additives can be: other repellents LCharlet, E., Finkel, P., Stickmann, H.; Parf. u. Kosm. 59, 367 ~1978)~; perfume oils to cover the intrinsic odour; aroma substances with their own repellent action (for example lcmon oil, lavender oil or oil of cinnamon), water and cosmetic bases, such as, for example, isopropyl myristate, paraffin oil and the like [Schrader, K.;
Cr~mdlagen und Re~epturen der Kosmetika (Principles and recipes of cosmetics), /~
2~S~
Dr~ Alfred H~thig Verlag Heidelberg9 1979]~
The formulations according -to the invention are appl~ed, like the known formulations (lotion/spray) to freely exposed areas of skin in the correct use amount.
The preparation and bottling of the lotions anl aerosols according to the invention are effected as described in Nowak7 GoAo [Die Kosmetischen Praparate (Cosmetic products~ Verlag f~r chemO Industrie H. 7iolkowsky KG, 567-58~, Augs~urg 1975~.
The examples which follow give a ~ew t~pical reCipes. All parts are parts by weightO
1. DEET 5 parts Castor oll 5 parts Isopropanol90 parts 15 2. DEET 50 parts Castor oil35 parts Isopropano-15 parts DEET 20 parts Castor oil15 parts Isopropanol65 parts DEET 12 parts Castor oil 8 parts Ethanol 70 parts Water 10 parts 25 5~ DEET 75 parts Castor oil10 parts Isopropanol.45 parts Ethanol 1~ parts Perfume oil1 part Le A 1 621 ~.1L9~;~7 6. DEET 15 parts Castor oil 20 parts Isopropyl myristate2 parts Isopropanol57 paL ts Water - 5 parts L avender O i 11 part 7. DEET 18 parts Castor oil . 12 parts Dimethyl phthalate4 parts Ethanol 65 parts Perfume oil 1 part 8. DEET 15 parts Castor oil 15 parts Ethylhexanediol5 parts Isopropanol 57 par-ts Water 5 parts Propylene glycol2 parts Perfume oil 1 part 9. DEET 10 parts Castor oil 14 parts Paraffin oil 3 parts Isopropanol 72 parts Perfume oil 1 part 10. DEET 10 parts Castor oil 10 parts Propylene glycol20 parts Isopropanol 59 parts Perfume oil 1 part 11. DEET 12 part~
Castor oil 15 parts Le A 21 621 %~
Isoprc,p~l myristate 3 par-ts Isopropanol 62 parts Glycerol 8 parts Preparation of -the lotions:
The lormulations of Examples 1 to 11 are prepared by mixing the constituents in the indicated order.
Production of aerosols:
The formulations of Examples 1 to 11 can be used as the solution of active compound for the aerosols. The lotion is poured into a standard commercial aerosol can and sealed with the valve.
The propellant is introduced through the valve.
Example using propane/butane as propellant:
lotion according to Example 8 60 parts propellant propane/butane 40 parts Example using fluorinated hydrocarbons as the propellant:
lot ion according to Example 2 50 parts propellant trichl~rofluoromethane and dichlorodifluoromethane50 parts -L~ A '~1 621
Dr~ Alfred H~thig Verlag Heidelberg9 1979]~
The formulations according -to the invention are appl~ed, like the known formulations (lotion/spray) to freely exposed areas of skin in the correct use amount.
The preparation and bottling of the lotions anl aerosols according to the invention are effected as described in Nowak7 GoAo [Die Kosmetischen Praparate (Cosmetic products~ Verlag f~r chemO Industrie H. 7iolkowsky KG, 567-58~, Augs~urg 1975~.
The examples which follow give a ~ew t~pical reCipes. All parts are parts by weightO
1. DEET 5 parts Castor oll 5 parts Isopropanol90 parts 15 2. DEET 50 parts Castor oil35 parts Isopropano-15 parts DEET 20 parts Castor oil15 parts Isopropanol65 parts DEET 12 parts Castor oil 8 parts Ethanol 70 parts Water 10 parts 25 5~ DEET 75 parts Castor oil10 parts Isopropanol.45 parts Ethanol 1~ parts Perfume oil1 part Le A 1 621 ~.1L9~;~7 6. DEET 15 parts Castor oil 20 parts Isopropyl myristate2 parts Isopropanol57 paL ts Water - 5 parts L avender O i 11 part 7. DEET 18 parts Castor oil . 12 parts Dimethyl phthalate4 parts Ethanol 65 parts Perfume oil 1 part 8. DEET 15 parts Castor oil 15 parts Ethylhexanediol5 parts Isopropanol 57 par-ts Water 5 parts Propylene glycol2 parts Perfume oil 1 part 9. DEET 10 parts Castor oil 14 parts Paraffin oil 3 parts Isopropanol 72 parts Perfume oil 1 part 10. DEET 10 parts Castor oil 10 parts Propylene glycol20 parts Isopropanol 59 parts Perfume oil 1 part 11. DEET 12 part~
Castor oil 15 parts Le A 21 621 %~
Isoprc,p~l myristate 3 par-ts Isopropanol 62 parts Glycerol 8 parts Preparation of -the lotions:
The lormulations of Examples 1 to 11 are prepared by mixing the constituents in the indicated order.
Production of aerosols:
The formulations of Examples 1 to 11 can be used as the solution of active compound for the aerosols. The lotion is poured into a standard commercial aerosol can and sealed with the valve.
The propellant is introduced through the valve.
Example using propane/butane as propellant:
lotion according to Example 8 60 parts propellant propane/butane 40 parts Example using fluorinated hydrocarbons as the propellant:
lot ion according to Example 2 50 parts propellant trichl~rofluoromethane and dichlorodifluoromethane50 parts -L~ A '~1 621
Claims (9)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An insect repellent which contains N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) in alcoholic solution, characterised in that it additionally contains castor oil.
2. An insect repellent according to claim 1, characterised in that it contains 5-50% by weight of DEET.
3. An insect repellent according to claim 1, characterised in that it contains 10-40% by weight of DEET.
4. An insect repellent according to claim 1, characterised in that it contains 15-25% by weight of DEET.
5. An insect repellent according to claim 1, characterised in that it contains 5-35% by weight of castor oil.
6. An insect repellent according to claim 2, 3 or 4 characterised in that it contains 10-20% by weight of castor oil.
7. An insect repellent according to claim 1, characterised in that it also contains water.
8. An insect repellent according to claim 5, characterised in that it also contains water.
9. An insect repellent according to claim 2, 3 or 4, characterised in that it contains 10-20% by weight of castor oil, and in that it also contains water.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19823211632 DE3211632A1 (en) | 1982-03-30 | 1982-03-30 | INSECT DRIVER |
| DEP3211632.2 | 1982-03-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1196279A true CA1196279A (en) | 1985-11-05 |
Family
ID=6159667
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000424691A Expired CA1196279A (en) | 1982-03-30 | 1983-03-28 | Insect repellents |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0090287B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE14363T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU555224B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1196279A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3211632A1 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR78161B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU573001B2 (en) * | 1984-05-30 | 1988-05-26 | Angus Chemical Company | Insect repellent containing n,n-diethyl-meta-toluamide and lactone |
| DE3842232A1 (en) * | 1988-12-15 | 1990-06-21 | Silke Boehm | Insect repellent, in particular tick repellent |
| DE19722196C1 (en) * | 1997-05-27 | 1998-10-22 | Karl Engelhard Fabrik Pharm Pr | Di:ethyl-meta-toluamide based insect repellent composition |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA865069A (en) * | 1971-03-02 | W. Shaw Donald | Insect repellant | |
| US3501572A (en) * | 1968-02-20 | 1970-03-17 | Dow Chemical Co | Compositions and method for controlling parasites in animals with a combination of a phosphate pesticide,castor oil and a lower alkane |
| US3825555A (en) * | 1970-03-16 | 1974-07-23 | Johnson & Son Inc S C | 3-substituted 4-alkanoyl oxazaspiro insect repellents |
-
1982
- 1982-03-30 DE DE19823211632 patent/DE3211632A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1983
- 1983-03-15 AU AU12462/83A patent/AU555224B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1983-03-18 DE DE8383102683T patent/DE3360422D1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-03-18 EP EP83102683A patent/EP0090287B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-03-18 AT AT83102683T patent/ATE14363T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-03-28 CA CA000424691A patent/CA1196279A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-03-28 GR GR70916A patent/GR78161B/el unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0090287B1 (en) | 1985-07-24 |
| EP0090287A1 (en) | 1983-10-05 |
| ATE14363T1 (en) | 1985-08-15 |
| DE3360422D1 (en) | 1985-08-29 |
| GR78161B (en) | 1984-09-26 |
| DE3211632A1 (en) | 1983-10-06 |
| AU555224B2 (en) | 1986-09-18 |
| AU1246283A (en) | 1983-10-06 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEC | Expiry (correction) | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |