CA1192050A - Loading resistant coated abrasive - Google Patents
Loading resistant coated abrasiveInfo
- Publication number
- CA1192050A CA1192050A CA000403506A CA403506A CA1192050A CA 1192050 A CA1192050 A CA 1192050A CA 000403506 A CA000403506 A CA 000403506A CA 403506 A CA403506 A CA 403506A CA 1192050 A CA1192050 A CA 1192050A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- adhesive
- amino
- coated abrasive
- adhesive bond
- abrasive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
- B24D3/342—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent
- B24D3/344—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent the bonding agent being organic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/001—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as supporting member
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/20—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially organic
- B24D3/28—Resins or natural or synthetic macromolecular compounds
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The resistance of coated abrasives to loading during use is greatly enhanced by a sizer adhesive which contains appropriate amounts of certain additives. Best results are obtained with a sizer adhesive of amino resin containing phosphate esters or their amine salts as additive.
The resistance of coated abrasives to loading during use is greatly enhanced by a sizer adhesive which contains appropriate amounts of certain additives. Best results are obtained with a sizer adhesive of amino resin containing phosphate esters or their amine salts as additive.
Description
35~
Docket D-1752 LQ~DING RESISI~NT OC~ED ABRASIVE
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to those articles of manu-facture known as coated abrasives, which consist of flexible backings to which are adhered a plurality of abrasive grit -~
particles on at least one side. Coated abrasives are used primarily for the shaping, dimensioning, or surface finish alteration of other material objects kncwn generally as w~rk-pieces. Small particles of material re~oved from the w~rk~
pieces and/or shed frQm the coated abrasives during working are collectively called swarf. In many cases, the swzrf tends to wholly or partially adhere to the surface of the coated abrasive, eventually loading or clogging its abrasive surfaces and rendering it unsuited for f~t~her use. This invention re-lates particularly to coated abrasives which are specially resistant to such failure by loading.
~ACKGRDUND OF THE INVENTION
A ccm~on c~mercial p~actice for the preparation of coated abrasives which resist loading in the sanding of paints, primers, wcod sealer coats, and a wide variety of other finishing com~osi-tions used on wDrkpieces is essentially that described in U. S.Patent 2,768,886 to Tw~mbly. This patent describes the prepara-tion of coated abrasives which have a final grit-side surface coating of unfused metallic so~ps applied preferably from dispersion of such soap in a volatile liquid. The application ~J~
35~
of this metallic soap is done as a separate coating step in addition to the norm31 ma~ing and sizing coating steps which are cusb3mlrily used for ach eving adherence of the ahrasive grits to the backing. In some cases, it may be possible to prepare products with adequate properties without using a sizing adhesive. The need for an additional coating operation o~mpared with most other coated abrasives i~oses labor and material costs which it would obviously be advantageous to avoid.
Since the publication of the T~mbly patent, there have been several other patents d;rected to other types or "third" coatings (i.e., coatings in addition to the tw~ normal making and sizing ones) which would achieve loading resistant coated abrasives.
Examples include polyvinylacetate as disclosed in Canadian Patent 931,767 to Greenwocd, polytetrafluoroethene and mixtures thereof as disclosed in U. S. Patent 3,042,508 to Haigis, and mixtures of thermosetting resins, elastomers, and me~llic soaps as dis-closed in U. S. Patent 3,619,150 to Rinker et al.
U. S. Pat nt 3,043,673 to Klein et al. teaches the use of oxy-containing compounds either in a third coat or in the conven-tional sizing coat of a coated abrasive, together with anexceptionally high ratio of binder a & esive to grai~ as an eff~ctive means for increasing the resistance of coated abrasives to loading in the finishing of leather and similar materials.
The oxy compounds specified in this patent are all neutral organic cQmpounds not expected to ionize in water solution. U. S.
Patent 3,089,763 to Gladstone teaches the use of polyoxyalkylene ccmpounds in the size of coated abrasives, and one of the objects stated is to reduce loading. However, the tea~ling of this Gladstone patent is restricted to sizing compositions in which the principal constituent is an amine catalyzed phenolic resin.
It is a prim~ry object of this invention ~o provide coated abrasives which are as resistant to loading as products with metallic soap third coats but which do not require an actual third coating. Other objects will be apparent from the descrip-tion below.SU~M~RY C~ THE INVENTION
It has been found that loading resistance can be imparted to otherwise conventional coated abrasives with size coats contain-ing glue or arnino resins by the incorporation into the size of small amounts of specific chemical ccmpounds and mixtures as hereinafter described. These additives are total or partial alkyl esters of phosphoric acid, amine salts of partial esters of phosphoric acid, and qu~rternary ammonium salts with at least one long alkyl or substituted long alkyl group. Typical examples w~uld be the trietha~olarnine salt of mono- or di-decylphosphate or stearamidopropyl-~~hydroxyethylar~onium nitrate.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In the studies which led to this invention, use was made of conventional coated abrasive bac~ings, maker adhesives, and abrasive grits. The invention is applicable to any such prod-ucts containing any such constituents, including the full range of grit sizes of nornEll commercial practice, oomprising at least those with numerical designations of size from 12 to 600 as defined by the ANSI standard B74.18-1977. As is known to those skilled in the art, suitable constituents include but are nct limited to papers of weights varying from 50 to 300 gra~s per square me-ter (gm/m2), suitably prepared (finished) cloth of a wide variety of types, and vulcanized fiber. Grits can be J~ ~ r- ~3 synthetic fused alumina, silicon carbide, garnet, zirconia alumina, emery, flint, or o-ther ma-terials, and maker aclhesives can be film-forming starches, animal hide glue, amino resins, etc.
The aclditives inves-tigated which had detectable effec-t in reducing loading when used in the size coat are lis-ted in Table 1. These additives were most effective when used wi-th amino resins such as urea-formaldehyde or melamine-formaldehyde.
Such amino resins could be mixed in up -to ec~ual parts by weigh-t with phenol-formaldehyde resins, one amino resin could be mixed with others, and any of -the resins or mixtures could be filled with finely divided solids such as calcium sulfate, walnut shell flour, or any of -the o-ther well-known fillers used in -the manufacture of coated abrasives. Suitable types of naturally derived glue can also be used as the size, although the product performance with glue sizes will normally not be as effective as with resin size, as is true in the absence of the additives disclosed here.
S-till other conventionally known materials, such as pigments or dyes, diluents for reducing viscosity, an-ti-foam agents, etc. may be used -together with the addi-tives of this invention when needed or desired. No adverse interactions between such materials and -the additives of this inven-tion have been noted. A particularly important class of conventional components in amino resin adhesive formulations are the oxyamines useful for craze resis-tance as -taught by Duke in U.S. Paten-t 2,983,593. Use of adhesive compositions as -taugh-t by Duke, in combination with -the additives of my inven-tion, is preferred.
h\
5~:~
Table 1 ADDITIVES WHICH IMPROVE LOADING RESISTANCE OF AMINO RESIN
AND GLUE SIZINGADHESIVES FOR COATED ABRASIVES_ _ Trade Mark Name Chemical of Additive Supplier Characterization* ~' Group A
Zelec NE E. I. duPont Fatty alcohol phos-phate, neutralized Zelec NK E. I. duPont Fatty alcohol phos-phate Monafax L-10 Mona Industries Mixture of mono- and di-phosphate esters derived from ethyl-ene oxide based sur-factants Monafax 786 Mona Industries Same as Monafax L-10 Group B
Emphos PS-400 Witco Chemical Complex organic phos-phate esters Monafax 785 Mona Industries Same as Monafax L-10 Monafax H-15 Mona Industries Same as Monafax L-10 Group C
Cyastat SN American Cyanamid) Stearamidopropyl-Cyastat SP American Cyanamid) ~-hydroxyethyl-dimethylammonium salts, nitrate for SN, dihydro~en phos-phate for SP
E-1373 Calgon Corporation Mixture of Dimethyl-diallylammonium chloride and Methyl-olacrylamide .
*As specified by the supplier 0 ~J ~
It should be noted that some of the additives shown in Table 1 are acidic and thus capable of catalyzing the cure of amino resins. Hcwever, such a practice w~uld incur risk of shortened pot life of the amino resin, ccmpared to use of the catalysts taught by Duke. Thus it is usually preferable in practicing my invention to neutralize the additive, if it is acidic, with a suitable amine or ammorlium hydroxide before adding it to an amino resin adhesive formulation. When this is done, the resin adhesive with my additive can be ~ured with the same time and temp~rature program as is useful for the same resin without the additive. It is convenient to use one of the oxyamunes taught by r~e to neutralize the additive of my invention if needed.
For example, Zelec NE, which is neutral as supplied, could be added directly to a conventional form~lation such as Example III of the Duke patent, after all the other ingredients listed there are mixed together. On the other hand, Zelec NK, which is acidic, should first be neutralized, conveniently with
Docket D-1752 LQ~DING RESISI~NT OC~ED ABRASIVE
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to those articles of manu-facture known as coated abrasives, which consist of flexible backings to which are adhered a plurality of abrasive grit -~
particles on at least one side. Coated abrasives are used primarily for the shaping, dimensioning, or surface finish alteration of other material objects kncwn generally as w~rk-pieces. Small particles of material re~oved from the w~rk~
pieces and/or shed frQm the coated abrasives during working are collectively called swarf. In many cases, the swzrf tends to wholly or partially adhere to the surface of the coated abrasive, eventually loading or clogging its abrasive surfaces and rendering it unsuited for f~t~her use. This invention re-lates particularly to coated abrasives which are specially resistant to such failure by loading.
~ACKGRDUND OF THE INVENTION
A ccm~on c~mercial p~actice for the preparation of coated abrasives which resist loading in the sanding of paints, primers, wcod sealer coats, and a wide variety of other finishing com~osi-tions used on wDrkpieces is essentially that described in U. S.Patent 2,768,886 to Tw~mbly. This patent describes the prepara-tion of coated abrasives which have a final grit-side surface coating of unfused metallic so~ps applied preferably from dispersion of such soap in a volatile liquid. The application ~J~
35~
of this metallic soap is done as a separate coating step in addition to the norm31 ma~ing and sizing coating steps which are cusb3mlrily used for ach eving adherence of the ahrasive grits to the backing. In some cases, it may be possible to prepare products with adequate properties without using a sizing adhesive. The need for an additional coating operation o~mpared with most other coated abrasives i~oses labor and material costs which it would obviously be advantageous to avoid.
Since the publication of the T~mbly patent, there have been several other patents d;rected to other types or "third" coatings (i.e., coatings in addition to the tw~ normal making and sizing ones) which would achieve loading resistant coated abrasives.
Examples include polyvinylacetate as disclosed in Canadian Patent 931,767 to Greenwocd, polytetrafluoroethene and mixtures thereof as disclosed in U. S. Patent 3,042,508 to Haigis, and mixtures of thermosetting resins, elastomers, and me~llic soaps as dis-closed in U. S. Patent 3,619,150 to Rinker et al.
U. S. Pat nt 3,043,673 to Klein et al. teaches the use of oxy-containing compounds either in a third coat or in the conven-tional sizing coat of a coated abrasive, together with anexceptionally high ratio of binder a & esive to grai~ as an eff~ctive means for increasing the resistance of coated abrasives to loading in the finishing of leather and similar materials.
The oxy compounds specified in this patent are all neutral organic cQmpounds not expected to ionize in water solution. U. S.
Patent 3,089,763 to Gladstone teaches the use of polyoxyalkylene ccmpounds in the size of coated abrasives, and one of the objects stated is to reduce loading. However, the tea~ling of this Gladstone patent is restricted to sizing compositions in which the principal constituent is an amine catalyzed phenolic resin.
It is a prim~ry object of this invention ~o provide coated abrasives which are as resistant to loading as products with metallic soap third coats but which do not require an actual third coating. Other objects will be apparent from the descrip-tion below.SU~M~RY C~ THE INVENTION
It has been found that loading resistance can be imparted to otherwise conventional coated abrasives with size coats contain-ing glue or arnino resins by the incorporation into the size of small amounts of specific chemical ccmpounds and mixtures as hereinafter described. These additives are total or partial alkyl esters of phosphoric acid, amine salts of partial esters of phosphoric acid, and qu~rternary ammonium salts with at least one long alkyl or substituted long alkyl group. Typical examples w~uld be the trietha~olarnine salt of mono- or di-decylphosphate or stearamidopropyl-~~hydroxyethylar~onium nitrate.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In the studies which led to this invention, use was made of conventional coated abrasive bac~ings, maker adhesives, and abrasive grits. The invention is applicable to any such prod-ucts containing any such constituents, including the full range of grit sizes of nornEll commercial practice, oomprising at least those with numerical designations of size from 12 to 600 as defined by the ANSI standard B74.18-1977. As is known to those skilled in the art, suitable constituents include but are nct limited to papers of weights varying from 50 to 300 gra~s per square me-ter (gm/m2), suitably prepared (finished) cloth of a wide variety of types, and vulcanized fiber. Grits can be J~ ~ r- ~3 synthetic fused alumina, silicon carbide, garnet, zirconia alumina, emery, flint, or o-ther ma-terials, and maker aclhesives can be film-forming starches, animal hide glue, amino resins, etc.
The aclditives inves-tigated which had detectable effec-t in reducing loading when used in the size coat are lis-ted in Table 1. These additives were most effective when used wi-th amino resins such as urea-formaldehyde or melamine-formaldehyde.
Such amino resins could be mixed in up -to ec~ual parts by weigh-t with phenol-formaldehyde resins, one amino resin could be mixed with others, and any of -the resins or mixtures could be filled with finely divided solids such as calcium sulfate, walnut shell flour, or any of -the o-ther well-known fillers used in -the manufacture of coated abrasives. Suitable types of naturally derived glue can also be used as the size, although the product performance with glue sizes will normally not be as effective as with resin size, as is true in the absence of the additives disclosed here.
S-till other conventionally known materials, such as pigments or dyes, diluents for reducing viscosity, an-ti-foam agents, etc. may be used -together with the addi-tives of this invention when needed or desired. No adverse interactions between such materials and -the additives of this inven-tion have been noted. A particularly important class of conventional components in amino resin adhesive formulations are the oxyamines useful for craze resis-tance as -taught by Duke in U.S. Paten-t 2,983,593. Use of adhesive compositions as -taugh-t by Duke, in combination with -the additives of my inven-tion, is preferred.
h\
5~:~
Table 1 ADDITIVES WHICH IMPROVE LOADING RESISTANCE OF AMINO RESIN
AND GLUE SIZINGADHESIVES FOR COATED ABRASIVES_ _ Trade Mark Name Chemical of Additive Supplier Characterization* ~' Group A
Zelec NE E. I. duPont Fatty alcohol phos-phate, neutralized Zelec NK E. I. duPont Fatty alcohol phos-phate Monafax L-10 Mona Industries Mixture of mono- and di-phosphate esters derived from ethyl-ene oxide based sur-factants Monafax 786 Mona Industries Same as Monafax L-10 Group B
Emphos PS-400 Witco Chemical Complex organic phos-phate esters Monafax 785 Mona Industries Same as Monafax L-10 Monafax H-15 Mona Industries Same as Monafax L-10 Group C
Cyastat SN American Cyanamid) Stearamidopropyl-Cyastat SP American Cyanamid) ~-hydroxyethyl-dimethylammonium salts, nitrate for SN, dihydro~en phos-phate for SP
E-1373 Calgon Corporation Mixture of Dimethyl-diallylammonium chloride and Methyl-olacrylamide .
*As specified by the supplier 0 ~J ~
It should be noted that some of the additives shown in Table 1 are acidic and thus capable of catalyzing the cure of amino resins. Hcwever, such a practice w~uld incur risk of shortened pot life of the amino resin, ccmpared to use of the catalysts taught by Duke. Thus it is usually preferable in practicing my invention to neutralize the additive, if it is acidic, with a suitable amine or ammorlium hydroxide before adding it to an amino resin adhesive formulation. When this is done, the resin adhesive with my additive can be ~ured with the same time and temp~rature program as is useful for the same resin without the additive. It is convenient to use one of the oxyamunes taught by r~e to neutralize the additive of my invention if needed.
For example, Zelec NE, which is neutral as supplied, could be added directly to a conventional form~lation such as Example III of the Duke patent, after all the other ingredients listed there are mixed together. On the other hand, Zelec NK, which is acidic, should first be neutralized, conveniently with
2~amino-2-methylpropanol, in a separate container, and the neutralized mixture then added to such a conventional formula-tion after all other ingredients had been added. All preceding a~d subsequent stages of manufacture of the coated abrasive may be carried out in a conventional manner.
The munimum amount of additive to give a useful loading resistance effect was found to be that corresponding to a mass of 0.74 grams per square meter. An amount more than 10% by weight of the total sizing adhesive used is generally not desirable, because of probable decrease in the heat-distortion resistance of the sizing adhesive, with resultant danger of reduction of grinding effectiveness. In general, the workable range is fr3m 0.74 to 13.3 grams per square meter of additive, and the preferred range is frcm 1.2 to 3.5 grams per square meter. This can be conveniently achieved in most eas~s by using the additive at a level of 3-5% by weight of the resin or glue used.
The additives listed in Table 1 all mixed readily with amino resins or glue suspensions to give liquid mixtures whieh were uniform as far as could be noted visually, although in some cases there was a hazy or miIky appearance to the mixture, indieative of dispersion rather than true solution. There was no direct evidence during processing of any tendency of the adhesive mixtures containing the additives to develop inhcmc-genei~ies under normal eonditions of coating, drying, or eure.
However, it is expected from the chemical nature of the prefer-lS able additives, which contain oth ionie bonds and at least onelong organic chain in each mole~ule, that such additives may effeetively reduee the surface tension of most liquid adhesives into whieh they are mixed. If such reduction in surlace tension aetually occurs, the well-known Gibbs equation for such ~0 surfaee active species predicts that the surface-aetive e~ponent(s) will spontaneously distrib~lte themselves at equilibrium so as to form a surfaee layer enriched in the surface active ocmponent. This spontaneous coneentration of additive in the surfaee layer may explain why the mlnlmum a~ount of additive required to obtain a detectable increase in loading resistanee was found to be related to the area of the coated abrasive produet rather than ~o the volume of adhesive.
Size height levels for produets coated with sizes contain-ing the additives taught herein should generally conform to ? r~
those for conventional pro~ucts which are not to receive an a~ditional third coating. In any case, suitable levels can easily be determined if necessary by those skilled in the art of manufacturing coated abrasives.
Table 2 illustrates examplr?s of specific products pre-Fal-ed according to the methods of this invention.
The group of the ~o~r additives listed in Table 1 as Gr~up A all appeared to be approximately equal in their ability to induce loading-resistance when added to amino resin sizes.
Products with these additives in the size coat were tested in sanding of a wqde variety of painls, metal primers, enamelsl lacquers, varnishes, etc. and found in general to have longer useful lives than previous standard ccmmercial products made for sanding such workpieces. (Such ca~nercial products norm lly have a third coating containing primarily zinc stearate or some other similar metallic soap.) The other additives sh~n in Table 1 are listed in groups of decreasing effectiveness in imparting loading-resistance to the size adhesives.
In this specification and in the claims bel~w, the ter~n "organyl" is used to include any chemical group which could be formed by the breaking of one valence b~nd in an organic cc~pound. Thus organyl includes the groups normally designaterl as alkyl, alkenyl alkynyl, aryl such as phenyl, and oombina-tions of and substitutions on the other simple groups, as well as a wide variety of others. The term "long organyl" refers to an oryanyl group which ccmprises at least eight OE bon atcms bonded linearly to each other. The linear bonding may include double or triple as well as single carbon-carkon bon~s. The term "layer" in the description of a body of adhesive material L~
Table 2 SPECIFIC EXPMPT,E~ OF LC~DIMG RESISI~NT CCA~ED ABR~SrVES
Mbker Abrasive Grits _ _ Sizing Adhesive Adhesive Grit To ~ Main ~~~ Addl~1ve ~
Backin~ ~ Type Size ~ Gm~m _YE~ Name*
Bl Ml 15 Gl 360 44 30 Sl Zelec NE 1.2 Bl Ml 15 G2 320 44 30 Sl ~bnafax L-10 1.2 Bl MQ 19 G3 220 77 62 Sl Zelec NE 2.5 Bl M2 12 G4 220 40 30 Sl Zelec NK 1.2 B2 Ml 22 G2 lB0 98 62 Sl ~nafax 785 2.5 Bl Ma 22 G5 180 53 30 S2 ~bnafax 786 1.2 B3 M3 118 G6 80 129 133 S2 Cyastat SN 5.3 Bl Ma 26 Gl 120 138 77 S3 Emphos PS-400 3.1 B4 Ml 56 Gl 220 115 81 Sl E~1373 3.3 ~ . . . , .. ,... :
*As listed in Table 1.
Symbol Keys Gm/m indicates dried grams of item indic~Ated Fer squ3re meter of coated abrasive.
Bac ~ : Bl is 68 gm/m Kraft paper (S-tyle 28729 frGm Kim~exly-Clar~ 2 ls slightly heavier Kraft paper (Style 54729 from Kim~exly-Clark); B3 is 130 p3und basis weight (220 gm/mZ) N cylinder paper frcm James River; B4 is cotton jeans cloth finish 207CC from Norton Co.
Mbkers: Ma is 82 millipoise animal glue; M2 is Ucar 131 latex from Union Carhide; M3 ls urea-form21dehyde resin GPX~J1-6 frcm Georgia-Pacific.
Abrasi~ Gritso Gl is type SWPL alumina fr3m Trei~acher USA, Inc.; G~ is type FRPL alumina fron Treibach~rj G3 is type 57 Alluxh~m fr~m ~orbon Co.;
Gg is garnet from Barton Mines; G5 is silicon ~-~rbide from Norb~n COo; G6 is a mixh~re of type ~7 Alund~n and NZ Alundum fmm Norton Co. ~n a v~l~ne ratio o~ 6:4~
Sizer A~hesives: Sl ls urea-formaldehyde resin type Beetle 7238-20 fmm ~id; S2 is urea-formaldehyde resin type ~PX~ 6 fran Georgia-Pacific; S3 is a mixture of Beetle 7238-20 and Fihenolic resin 2535 .frc~m Varc~ Chernical Co~ in eqLlal proportions by ~ght.
-1~
is to be eonsidered to include any substantially continuous kody of material of substantially uniform ccmposition, with a projected area covering substantially all of the area of an abrasive kacking. Because of the presenee of abrasive grit partieles in a eoated abrasive, the layers of adhesive used in the construction thereof are expected to have very irregular outer surfaees rather than the smooth parallel surfaces normally suggested by the w~rd layer in ordinary usage. An an example, the ~aker and sizer adhesive eoats noted abo~e in the brief deseription of the normal manufacturing proeess for a coated abrasive would constitute layers in the finished product, as would any separate eoat of metallie soap intended to eonfer loading resistance. It should be f~rther rDted that substantial uniformity of ccmposition of an adhesive layer is intended to inelude any natural surface enrichment of a surface active material ineorporated into the adhesive layer when it is applied in liquid form. Also, ~ubstantial continuity of an adhesive is not violated by the presenee of normal flex cracks in a eoated abrasive.
I elaim:
The munimum amount of additive to give a useful loading resistance effect was found to be that corresponding to a mass of 0.74 grams per square meter. An amount more than 10% by weight of the total sizing adhesive used is generally not desirable, because of probable decrease in the heat-distortion resistance of the sizing adhesive, with resultant danger of reduction of grinding effectiveness. In general, the workable range is fr3m 0.74 to 13.3 grams per square meter of additive, and the preferred range is frcm 1.2 to 3.5 grams per square meter. This can be conveniently achieved in most eas~s by using the additive at a level of 3-5% by weight of the resin or glue used.
The additives listed in Table 1 all mixed readily with amino resins or glue suspensions to give liquid mixtures whieh were uniform as far as could be noted visually, although in some cases there was a hazy or miIky appearance to the mixture, indieative of dispersion rather than true solution. There was no direct evidence during processing of any tendency of the adhesive mixtures containing the additives to develop inhcmc-genei~ies under normal eonditions of coating, drying, or eure.
However, it is expected from the chemical nature of the prefer-lS able additives, which contain oth ionie bonds and at least onelong organic chain in each mole~ule, that such additives may effeetively reduee the surface tension of most liquid adhesives into whieh they are mixed. If such reduction in surlace tension aetually occurs, the well-known Gibbs equation for such ~0 surfaee active species predicts that the surface-aetive e~ponent(s) will spontaneously distrib~lte themselves at equilibrium so as to form a surfaee layer enriched in the surface active ocmponent. This spontaneous coneentration of additive in the surfaee layer may explain why the mlnlmum a~ount of additive required to obtain a detectable increase in loading resistanee was found to be related to the area of the coated abrasive produet rather than ~o the volume of adhesive.
Size height levels for produets coated with sizes contain-ing the additives taught herein should generally conform to ? r~
those for conventional pro~ucts which are not to receive an a~ditional third coating. In any case, suitable levels can easily be determined if necessary by those skilled in the art of manufacturing coated abrasives.
Table 2 illustrates examplr?s of specific products pre-Fal-ed according to the methods of this invention.
The group of the ~o~r additives listed in Table 1 as Gr~up A all appeared to be approximately equal in their ability to induce loading-resistance when added to amino resin sizes.
Products with these additives in the size coat were tested in sanding of a wqde variety of painls, metal primers, enamelsl lacquers, varnishes, etc. and found in general to have longer useful lives than previous standard ccmmercial products made for sanding such workpieces. (Such ca~nercial products norm lly have a third coating containing primarily zinc stearate or some other similar metallic soap.) The other additives sh~n in Table 1 are listed in groups of decreasing effectiveness in imparting loading-resistance to the size adhesives.
In this specification and in the claims bel~w, the ter~n "organyl" is used to include any chemical group which could be formed by the breaking of one valence b~nd in an organic cc~pound. Thus organyl includes the groups normally designaterl as alkyl, alkenyl alkynyl, aryl such as phenyl, and oombina-tions of and substitutions on the other simple groups, as well as a wide variety of others. The term "long organyl" refers to an oryanyl group which ccmprises at least eight OE bon atcms bonded linearly to each other. The linear bonding may include double or triple as well as single carbon-carkon bon~s. The term "layer" in the description of a body of adhesive material L~
Table 2 SPECIFIC EXPMPT,E~ OF LC~DIMG RESISI~NT CCA~ED ABR~SrVES
Mbker Abrasive Grits _ _ Sizing Adhesive Adhesive Grit To ~ Main ~~~ Addl~1ve ~
Backin~ ~ Type Size ~ Gm~m _YE~ Name*
Bl Ml 15 Gl 360 44 30 Sl Zelec NE 1.2 Bl Ml 15 G2 320 44 30 Sl ~bnafax L-10 1.2 Bl MQ 19 G3 220 77 62 Sl Zelec NE 2.5 Bl M2 12 G4 220 40 30 Sl Zelec NK 1.2 B2 Ml 22 G2 lB0 98 62 Sl ~nafax 785 2.5 Bl Ma 22 G5 180 53 30 S2 ~bnafax 786 1.2 B3 M3 118 G6 80 129 133 S2 Cyastat SN 5.3 Bl Ma 26 Gl 120 138 77 S3 Emphos PS-400 3.1 B4 Ml 56 Gl 220 115 81 Sl E~1373 3.3 ~ . . . , .. ,... :
*As listed in Table 1.
Symbol Keys Gm/m indicates dried grams of item indic~Ated Fer squ3re meter of coated abrasive.
Bac ~ : Bl is 68 gm/m Kraft paper (S-tyle 28729 frGm Kim~exly-Clar~ 2 ls slightly heavier Kraft paper (Style 54729 from Kim~exly-Clark); B3 is 130 p3und basis weight (220 gm/mZ) N cylinder paper frcm James River; B4 is cotton jeans cloth finish 207CC from Norton Co.
Mbkers: Ma is 82 millipoise animal glue; M2 is Ucar 131 latex from Union Carhide; M3 ls urea-form21dehyde resin GPX~J1-6 frcm Georgia-Pacific.
Abrasi~ Gritso Gl is type SWPL alumina fr3m Trei~acher USA, Inc.; G~ is type FRPL alumina fron Treibach~rj G3 is type 57 Alluxh~m fr~m ~orbon Co.;
Gg is garnet from Barton Mines; G5 is silicon ~-~rbide from Norb~n COo; G6 is a mixh~re of type ~7 Alund~n and NZ Alundum fmm Norton Co. ~n a v~l~ne ratio o~ 6:4~
Sizer A~hesives: Sl ls urea-formaldehyde resin type Beetle 7238-20 fmm ~id; S2 is urea-formaldehyde resin type ~PX~ 6 fran Georgia-Pacific; S3 is a mixture of Beetle 7238-20 and Fihenolic resin 2535 .frc~m Varc~ Chernical Co~ in eqLlal proportions by ~ght.
-1~
is to be eonsidered to include any substantially continuous kody of material of substantially uniform ccmposition, with a projected area covering substantially all of the area of an abrasive kacking. Because of the presenee of abrasive grit partieles in a eoated abrasive, the layers of adhesive used in the construction thereof are expected to have very irregular outer surfaees rather than the smooth parallel surfaces normally suggested by the w~rd layer in ordinary usage. An an example, the ~aker and sizer adhesive eoats noted abo~e in the brief deseription of the normal manufacturing proeess for a coated abrasive would constitute layers in the finished product, as would any separate eoat of metallie soap intended to eonfer loading resistance. It should be f~rther rDted that substantial uniformity of ccmposition of an adhesive layer is intended to inelude any natural surface enrichment of a surface active material ineorporated into the adhesive layer when it is applied in liquid form. Also, ~ubstantial continuity of an adhesive is not violated by the presenee of normal flex cracks in a eoated abrasive.
I elaim:
Claims (6)
1. In a coated abrasive comprising a flexible backing, a plurality of abrasive grit particles dispersed over the area of at least one surface of said backing, and at least one layer of adhesive bond material adhering said abrasive grit particles to each other and to said backing, the improvement wherein the outermost layer of said adhesive bond material comprises:
(1.) animal glue, or a cured amino resin, or mixtures thereof in an amount of at least 40% by weight of the total adhesive bond material, exclusive of any filler; and (2.) at least 0.74 grams per square meter of an additive selected from the group consisting of (2.1) mono-, di-, and tri-organyl esters of orthophosphoric acid, (2.2) salts of mono-, di-, and tri-organyl esters of orthophosphoric acid with amines, (2.3) tetraorganylammonium salts, and (2.4) soluble mixtures thereof.
(1.) animal glue, or a cured amino resin, or mixtures thereof in an amount of at least 40% by weight of the total adhesive bond material, exclusive of any filler; and (2.) at least 0.74 grams per square meter of an additive selected from the group consisting of (2.1) mono-, di-, and tri-organyl esters of orthophosphoric acid, (2.2) salts of mono-, di-, and tri-organyl esters of orthophosphoric acid with amines, (2.3) tetraorganylammonium salts, and (2.4) soluble mixtures thereof.
2. A coated abrasive as in Claim 1, wherein said additive in the outermost adhesive layer is further character-ized by the presence of at least one long organyl group per molecule.
3. A coated abrasive as in Claim 1 wherein the outermost layer of adhesive bond material comprises cured urea-formaldehyde resin, in an amount of at least 40% by weight of the total adhesive bond layer, exclusive of any filler.
4. A coated abrasive as in Claim 3, wherein said outermost layer of adhesive bond material further comprises the residue after curing of a latent curing system consisting essentially of:
(1.) an ammonium salt of an acid having a disassociation constant of at least 10-4; and (2.) an amino compound having at least one primary amino group attached to a tertiary carbon atom and having a hydroxyl or ether oxygen atom attached to a second carbon atom adjacent said tertiary carbon atom, said amino compound being present in a quantity sufficient to raise the pH of total adhesive composition to a value of from 6 to 9 prior to cure of the adhesive.
(1.) an ammonium salt of an acid having a disassociation constant of at least 10-4; and (2.) an amino compound having at least one primary amino group attached to a tertiary carbon atom and having a hydroxyl or ether oxygen atom attached to a second carbon atom adjacent said tertiary carbon atom, said amino compound being present in a quantity sufficient to raise the pH of total adhesive composition to a value of from 6 to 9 prior to cure of the adhesive.
5. A coated abrasive as in Claim 4, wherein said amino compound is selected from the group consisting of 2-methyl-2-aminopropanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 5-amino-5-methyl-1,3-dioxane, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol.
6. A coated abrasive as in Claim 1, comprising at least two adhesive layers, where the next to outermost of said layers comprises at least 40% by volume of a material selected from animal glue and dried latex.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US29120581A | 1981-08-10 | 1981-08-10 | |
| US06/291,205 | 1981-08-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1192050A true CA1192050A (en) | 1985-08-20 |
Family
ID=23119334
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000403506A Expired CA1192050A (en) | 1981-08-10 | 1982-05-21 | Loading resistant coated abrasive |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0071723B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5851078A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE28813T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU557187B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8204145A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1192050A (en) |
| DD (1) | DD202255A5 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3276931D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8402609A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX160757A (en) |
| YU (1) | YU154482A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA824334B (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0398580B1 (en) * | 1989-05-15 | 1994-09-28 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive article with conductive, doped, conjugated, polymer, supersize coat and method of making same |
| US4988554A (en) * | 1989-06-23 | 1991-01-29 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive article coated with a lithium salt of a fatty acid |
| US4973338A (en) * | 1989-06-29 | 1990-11-27 | Carborundum Abrasives Company | Anti-static and loading abrasive coating |
| WO1997014535A1 (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1997-04-24 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive article containing an inorganic metal orthophosphate |
| DE69628947D1 (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 2003-08-07 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | ABRASIVE ARTICLES CONTAINING INORGANIC PHOSPHATES |
| US5702811A (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1997-12-30 | Ho; Kwok-Lun | High performance abrasive articles containing abrasive grains and nonabrasive composite grains |
| US5667542A (en) * | 1996-05-08 | 1997-09-16 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Antiloading components for abrasive articles |
| CN1092095C (en) * | 1996-05-08 | 2002-10-09 | 明尼苏达矿业和制造公司 | Abrasive article comprising antiloading component |
| US5908477A (en) * | 1997-06-24 | 1999-06-01 | Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company | Abrasive articles including an antiloading composition |
| US6270543B1 (en) | 1997-10-02 | 2001-08-07 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive article containing an inorganic metal orthophosphate |
| US6039775A (en) * | 1997-11-03 | 2000-03-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive article containing a grinding aid and method of making the same |
| CN111843867B (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2022-02-22 | 惠州市瑞丰研磨材料有限公司 | Sand coating device for sand paper production |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE494833A (en) * | ||||
| US298359A (en) * | 1884-05-13 | Paint-brush | ||
| US1591001A (en) * | 1925-05-12 | 1926-06-29 | Us Sand Paper Company | Sheet abrasive material |
| DE818863C (en) * | 1942-10-06 | 1951-10-29 | Behr Manning Corp | Sandpaper and emery cloth |
| US3043673A (en) * | 1958-11-17 | 1962-07-10 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Fill-resistant flexible abrasive sheet |
| US3089763A (en) * | 1959-04-15 | 1963-05-14 | Norton Co | Coated abrasives |
| US2983593A (en) * | 1959-03-02 | 1961-05-09 | Norton Co | Adhesive compositions and products |
| DE1646824B2 (en) * | 1967-12-28 | 1973-05-24 | Norddeutsche Schleifmittel Industrie Christiansen & Co, 2000 Hamburg | ABRASIVES |
| JPS5115858B2 (en) * | 1972-04-17 | 1976-05-20 | ||
| DE2226744A1 (en) * | 1972-06-02 | 1973-12-20 | Ver Schmirgel & Maschf | Grinding wheel compsn - with substrate having varying bonding thickne |
| FR2330504A1 (en) * | 1975-11-10 | 1977-06-03 | Durrschmidt Ets G | Grinding tools contg. filler imparting limited flexure - for grinding workpieces and for imparting very high surface finish |
| DE2720829A1 (en) * | 1977-05-09 | 1978-11-23 | Carl Hilzinger Thum Fa | Plasticised polyvinyl acetate emulsion binder impregnant - used in mfr. of flexible fibrous buffing wheel |
-
1982
- 1982-05-21 CA CA000403506A patent/CA1192050A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-06-18 DE DE8282105371T patent/DE3276931D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-06-18 DE DE198282105371T patent/DE71723T1/en active Pending
- 1982-06-18 AT AT82105371T patent/ATE28813T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-06-18 ZA ZA824334A patent/ZA824334B/en unknown
- 1982-06-18 EP EP82105371A patent/EP0071723B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-06-21 AU AU85056/82A patent/AU557187B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1982-06-28 JP JP57110075A patent/JPS5851078A/en active Granted
- 1982-07-07 MX MX193484A patent/MX160757A/en unknown
- 1982-07-15 ES ES513995A patent/ES8402609A1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-07-15 YU YU01544/82A patent/YU154482A/en unknown
- 1982-07-16 BR BR8204145A patent/BR8204145A/en unknown
- 1982-07-16 DD DD82241726A patent/DD202255A5/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| YU154482A (en) | 1985-10-31 |
| AU557187B2 (en) | 1986-12-11 |
| DD202255A5 (en) | 1983-09-07 |
| JPH0355271B2 (en) | 1991-08-22 |
| DE71723T1 (en) | 1983-09-29 |
| ES513995A0 (en) | 1984-02-01 |
| ATE28813T1 (en) | 1987-08-15 |
| BR8204145A (en) | 1983-07-12 |
| EP0071723A2 (en) | 1983-02-16 |
| ZA824334B (en) | 1983-04-27 |
| DE3276931D1 (en) | 1987-09-17 |
| JPS5851078A (en) | 1983-03-25 |
| EP0071723A3 (en) | 1984-09-05 |
| ES8402609A1 (en) | 1984-02-01 |
| MX160757A (en) | 1990-05-09 |
| AU8505682A (en) | 1983-02-17 |
| EP0071723B1 (en) | 1987-08-12 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |