CA1185183A - Chemical castration - Google Patents
Chemical castrationInfo
- Publication number
- CA1185183A CA1185183A CA000413080A CA413080A CA1185183A CA 1185183 A CA1185183 A CA 1185183A CA 000413080 A CA000413080 A CA 000413080A CA 413080 A CA413080 A CA 413080A CA 1185183 A CA1185183 A CA 1185183A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- chemical castration
- castration
- testes
- aqueous solution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A method of chemical castration of, and contraception in, male animals having external testes. A particular dosage of a mono- or dicarboxylic acid having up to 4 carbon atoms, a hydroxy-substituted analogue or anhydride thereof is injected into the genitalia of the animal. This method is safe, rapid, and practical, without any of the disadvantages and complications that call arise in surgical castration.
A method of chemical castration of, and contraception in, male animals having external testes. A particular dosage of a mono- or dicarboxylic acid having up to 4 carbon atoms, a hydroxy-substituted analogue or anhydride thereof is injected into the genitalia of the animal. This method is safe, rapid, and practical, without any of the disadvantages and complications that call arise in surgical castration.
Description
~ ~5~93 "Method of castration and contraception'' The invention relates to a method of chemical castration of and contraception in male mammals with external testes. More particularly in this method a suitable preparation may be injected into the vasa deferentia, the testes or the epididymides of the male mammals.
]0 The castration of male mammals may be performed by surgery, but an open wound can lead to complications and infections such as tetanus, and may consequently cause death. As a result of the stress and pain connected with surgical castration, the animals are frequently retarded by at least two weeks in their physical development.
A number of attempts have already been made to perform castration by a chemical method. A number of chemical reagents and mixtures, both natural and synthetic, have been tried. Thus, agents with a sclerotic activity have been applied to the male reproductive organs in order to prevent the passage of semen. All the processes hav~e some disadvantages, manifested by either inefficiency and/or undiminished libido and/or the formation of uncontrollable necrotic tissue damage.
The testes have two main functions. I'he Eirst is the production of semen which runs away through the seminiferous tubules and the second is the production of the androgens (testosterone and dihydrotestosterone) which run away in the interstitial cells (I.eydig's cells).
~ fter being produced in the testes, the sperms are released in the top of the epididymis and travel from there to the end of the epididymis, a cavernous network of convoluted tubes. The function of the epididymis is to transport the semen, develop it ~lJ
S~3 to maturity, concentrate it and store it. On ejaculation, the spermatozoa are released ~rom the epididymides into the vasa deferentia and finally through the penis to the outside. The function of the two vasa deferentia is to ensure the supply of, gas exchange in and thermo-regulation of the testes via the p:Lexus pampiniformis.
We have now developed a method, employing a suitable agent, which interferes with this complex interplay. In our method, on being injected into the two vasa deferentia, the agent used destroys the vascular system and thus produces atrophy of the testes and hence loss of spermatogenesis and loss of libido. Alternatively, when injected directly into both testes, the agent causes atrophy and loss of spermatogenesis and libido or, when injected into the epididymides, causes sterilisation (contraception~
but leaves the libido undiminished.
~ccording to one aspect of the invent;on, therefore, we provide a method for the castration of or of contra-ception in male mammals which comprises in~ecting ;nto the genital organs of said mammals an effective amount of castrating or contraceptive agent.
The method can be used on a wide range of mammals, provided that it is not restricted by the siæe and unfavourable shape of the male gen;tals as is the case in boars, stallions and male cats. It is oE
particular application on dogs, cattle, sheep and goats.
~ particularly pre~erred agent used in the invention may be selected from an aqueous solution of a mono- or dicarboxylic acid with up to ~ carbon atoms, a hydroxy-substituted analogue or an anhydride thereof. Included amongst the acids which may be used are acetic, propionic, butyric, glycolic, oxalic, malonic, succinic, malic and tartaric acid, acetic anhydride and, more particularly, lactic acid and lactic acid lactide. A 1 - 90~ aqueous lactic acid 5~
solution in a dosage of from 0.l to 20 ml, more parti-cularly from 0.25 to 16 ml has been found to be parti-cularly suitable. A 5 to 85% aqueous lactic acid solution has been successfully used for the sterilisation of bulls and male dogs. When injected into the vasa deEerentia or the epididymides of male dogs, a 5 to 25~ aqueous lactic acid solution has proved particularly effective. The lactic acid solutions used showed few side effects and no ulceration whilst giving reproducible results. T.actic acid is a naturally oceurring non-toxic reagent which is also easily detected in tissue samples and residues.
The optimum method of administration has proved to be by injeetion through the two vasa deferentia, since with this method oE injection only a small area is destroyed, as opposed to the entire testes.
However, in bull calves weighing less than ~5 kg injection into the testes is preferable since the injection can be given more easily and only a little tissue is destroyed. This method of chemical castration ean be used particularly successfully and economically in bulls and male dogs. In the U.S.A. alone about 20 - 30 million bull calves per year have to be castrated.
The method according to the invention is highly useful for restrieting the dog population; it may be used, for example, as an economical method of sterilising male dogs in dog homes.
The method according to the invent;on has proved to be a sa~e, rapid, economical, practical method which is simple to perform after a single demonstration.
The complications which occur in surgical castration do not arise and eonsequently chemical castration is cleaner, safer and consequently more comfortable.
Moreover, the retarded growth which occurs in surgical castration does not happen with chem;cal castration.
In comparison with earlier methods of chemical casl:ration, the invention provides a dosage-dependent effect, high efficiency, the avoidance of uncontrollable tissue damage, versatility in its range of applications, with the possibility of either maintaining or suppressing the libido as required and adaptabil;ty for the treatment of different animals, for example by modifying the volume administered and the size of the needle, to suit different animals.
The method according to the invention is hereinafter illustrated more fully with reference to the Examples, which should not be taken as limiting~
5~
Example 1 The effect of reagent containing lactic acid was tested on a total of 173 bulls weighing between 45 and 286 kg. Different concentrations and volumes of the reagent were injected into hoth vasa deferentia.
As controls, 4 bulls were castrated surgically.
37 of the 173 bulls weighed more than 225 kg. The tests showed that better results were obtained when -the process was used on bulls with a body weight of less than 225 kg. Thus, the treatment was successful in 98 out of 136 bulls (72%) weighing less than 225 kg, whereas in the 37 bulls with a body weight of more than 225 kg the process was successful in only 24 animals (~5%). Moreover, there was found to be a clear dosage-dependent effect proportional to the body weight, and as a result a dose of 2 ml is recommended for bulls weighing up to 90 kg (93~ efficiency), a dose of 4 ml (100% efficiency) for body weights from 90 to 135 kg and a dose of 8 ml (82% ef~iciency) of 85% lactic acid solutions Eor body weights of from 135 to 225 kg.
If the efficiency rate is to be increased, higher doses should be administered.
~ ple 2 The aim was to determine the most favourable injection site by injecting 8 ml of an 85% lactic acid solution into both vasa deferentia. For this purpose, the substance was injected into the vasa c7eEerentia oE
20 bulls, on the one hand directly above the testes and on the other hand 2.5 to 3.75 cm above the testes.
The results showed that injection directly above the testes was more favourable, with an efficiency rate of 95, as opposed to 80g.
Example 3 1 and 2 ml of an 85~ lactic acid solution were injected directly into the testes of 5 Holstein bull calves (between 0 and 33 days old). The positive results in all the calves show that the process according to the invention can be used even in very young calves.
Example 4 Lactic acid was tested as a possible chemical steriliser for dogs.
I'he results obtained from injecting a dose of 0.25 ml to 1 ml of lactic acid into the epididymides and the plexus pampiniformis of the vasa deferentia clearly show that a 5 to 25 % lactic acid solution is an effective chemical steriliser. For 25, 20, 15 and 10 % lactic acid, the results show percentage efficiencies of 82% (14 out of 17), 100 % (6 out of 6), 92 % (12 out of 13) and 80 % ~4 out of 5).
]0 The castration of male mammals may be performed by surgery, but an open wound can lead to complications and infections such as tetanus, and may consequently cause death. As a result of the stress and pain connected with surgical castration, the animals are frequently retarded by at least two weeks in their physical development.
A number of attempts have already been made to perform castration by a chemical method. A number of chemical reagents and mixtures, both natural and synthetic, have been tried. Thus, agents with a sclerotic activity have been applied to the male reproductive organs in order to prevent the passage of semen. All the processes hav~e some disadvantages, manifested by either inefficiency and/or undiminished libido and/or the formation of uncontrollable necrotic tissue damage.
The testes have two main functions. I'he Eirst is the production of semen which runs away through the seminiferous tubules and the second is the production of the androgens (testosterone and dihydrotestosterone) which run away in the interstitial cells (I.eydig's cells).
~ fter being produced in the testes, the sperms are released in the top of the epididymis and travel from there to the end of the epididymis, a cavernous network of convoluted tubes. The function of the epididymis is to transport the semen, develop it ~lJ
S~3 to maturity, concentrate it and store it. On ejaculation, the spermatozoa are released ~rom the epididymides into the vasa deferentia and finally through the penis to the outside. The function of the two vasa deferentia is to ensure the supply of, gas exchange in and thermo-regulation of the testes via the p:Lexus pampiniformis.
We have now developed a method, employing a suitable agent, which interferes with this complex interplay. In our method, on being injected into the two vasa deferentia, the agent used destroys the vascular system and thus produces atrophy of the testes and hence loss of spermatogenesis and loss of libido. Alternatively, when injected directly into both testes, the agent causes atrophy and loss of spermatogenesis and libido or, when injected into the epididymides, causes sterilisation (contraception~
but leaves the libido undiminished.
~ccording to one aspect of the invent;on, therefore, we provide a method for the castration of or of contra-ception in male mammals which comprises in~ecting ;nto the genital organs of said mammals an effective amount of castrating or contraceptive agent.
The method can be used on a wide range of mammals, provided that it is not restricted by the siæe and unfavourable shape of the male gen;tals as is the case in boars, stallions and male cats. It is oE
particular application on dogs, cattle, sheep and goats.
~ particularly pre~erred agent used in the invention may be selected from an aqueous solution of a mono- or dicarboxylic acid with up to ~ carbon atoms, a hydroxy-substituted analogue or an anhydride thereof. Included amongst the acids which may be used are acetic, propionic, butyric, glycolic, oxalic, malonic, succinic, malic and tartaric acid, acetic anhydride and, more particularly, lactic acid and lactic acid lactide. A 1 - 90~ aqueous lactic acid 5~
solution in a dosage of from 0.l to 20 ml, more parti-cularly from 0.25 to 16 ml has been found to be parti-cularly suitable. A 5 to 85% aqueous lactic acid solution has been successfully used for the sterilisation of bulls and male dogs. When injected into the vasa deEerentia or the epididymides of male dogs, a 5 to 25~ aqueous lactic acid solution has proved particularly effective. The lactic acid solutions used showed few side effects and no ulceration whilst giving reproducible results. T.actic acid is a naturally oceurring non-toxic reagent which is also easily detected in tissue samples and residues.
The optimum method of administration has proved to be by injeetion through the two vasa deferentia, since with this method oE injection only a small area is destroyed, as opposed to the entire testes.
However, in bull calves weighing less than ~5 kg injection into the testes is preferable since the injection can be given more easily and only a little tissue is destroyed. This method of chemical castration ean be used particularly successfully and economically in bulls and male dogs. In the U.S.A. alone about 20 - 30 million bull calves per year have to be castrated.
The method according to the invention is highly useful for restrieting the dog population; it may be used, for example, as an economical method of sterilising male dogs in dog homes.
The method according to the invent;on has proved to be a sa~e, rapid, economical, practical method which is simple to perform after a single demonstration.
The complications which occur in surgical castration do not arise and eonsequently chemical castration is cleaner, safer and consequently more comfortable.
Moreover, the retarded growth which occurs in surgical castration does not happen with chem;cal castration.
In comparison with earlier methods of chemical casl:ration, the invention provides a dosage-dependent effect, high efficiency, the avoidance of uncontrollable tissue damage, versatility in its range of applications, with the possibility of either maintaining or suppressing the libido as required and adaptabil;ty for the treatment of different animals, for example by modifying the volume administered and the size of the needle, to suit different animals.
The method according to the invention is hereinafter illustrated more fully with reference to the Examples, which should not be taken as limiting~
5~
Example 1 The effect of reagent containing lactic acid was tested on a total of 173 bulls weighing between 45 and 286 kg. Different concentrations and volumes of the reagent were injected into hoth vasa deferentia.
As controls, 4 bulls were castrated surgically.
37 of the 173 bulls weighed more than 225 kg. The tests showed that better results were obtained when -the process was used on bulls with a body weight of less than 225 kg. Thus, the treatment was successful in 98 out of 136 bulls (72%) weighing less than 225 kg, whereas in the 37 bulls with a body weight of more than 225 kg the process was successful in only 24 animals (~5%). Moreover, there was found to be a clear dosage-dependent effect proportional to the body weight, and as a result a dose of 2 ml is recommended for bulls weighing up to 90 kg (93~ efficiency), a dose of 4 ml (100% efficiency) for body weights from 90 to 135 kg and a dose of 8 ml (82% ef~iciency) of 85% lactic acid solutions Eor body weights of from 135 to 225 kg.
If the efficiency rate is to be increased, higher doses should be administered.
~ ple 2 The aim was to determine the most favourable injection site by injecting 8 ml of an 85% lactic acid solution into both vasa deferentia. For this purpose, the substance was injected into the vasa c7eEerentia oE
20 bulls, on the one hand directly above the testes and on the other hand 2.5 to 3.75 cm above the testes.
The results showed that injection directly above the testes was more favourable, with an efficiency rate of 95, as opposed to 80g.
Example 3 1 and 2 ml of an 85~ lactic acid solution were injected directly into the testes of 5 Holstein bull calves (between 0 and 33 days old). The positive results in all the calves show that the process according to the invention can be used even in very young calves.
Example 4 Lactic acid was tested as a possible chemical steriliser for dogs.
I'he results obtained from injecting a dose of 0.25 ml to 1 ml of lactic acid into the epididymides and the plexus pampiniformis of the vasa deferentia clearly show that a 5 to 25 % lactic acid solution is an effective chemical steriliser. For 25, 20, 15 and 10 % lactic acid, the results show percentage efficiencies of 82% (14 out of 17), 100 % (6 out of 6), 92 % (12 out of 13) and 80 % ~4 out of 5).
Claims (6)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A composition for the chemical castration of, or contraception in, male domestic mammals with external testes in an injectable dosage unit form consisting essentially of a 5 % to 85 % aqueous solution of a mono- or di-carboxylic acid having up to 4 carbon atoms; a hydroxyl-substituted mono- or dicarboxylic acid having up to 4 carbon atoms, or an anhydride of such acid, in an amount of 0.25 to 8 ml.
2. A composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the acid is lactic acid.
3. A composition as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein 1 ml to 8 ml of a 5 % to 85 % aqueous solution is used for the chemical castration of a bull.
4. A composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein 1 ml to 8 ml of a 5 %
to 85 % aqueous solution is used for the chemical castration of a bull.
to 85 % aqueous solution is used for the chemical castration of a bull.
5. A composition as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein 0.25 ml to 1 ml of a 5 % to 85 % aqueous solution is used, for the chemical castration of a dog.
6. A composition according to claim 2 wherein 0.25 ml to 1 ml of a 5 % to 85 % aqueous solution is used, for the chemical castration of a clog.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US2963779A | 1979-04-13 | 1979-04-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1185183A true CA1185183A (en) | 1985-04-09 |
Family
ID=21850077
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000413080A Expired CA1185183A (en) | 1979-04-13 | 1982-10-08 | Chemical castration |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5933217A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU556482B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1185183A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3229234C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2531858B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2126478B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MX2009011144A (en) | 2007-04-18 | 2010-01-14 | Fahim Technology Inc | Method for improving the quality of meat by reducing boar taint. |
| KR101360830B1 (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2014-02-11 | (주)나비바이오텍 | Ovarian inactivation composition for animal containing lactic acid |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1089361A (en) * | 1976-01-23 | 1980-11-11 | Mostafa S. Fahim | Injectable male animal sterilant for selectively controlling the function of testes |
| CA1189789A (en) * | 1979-03-02 | 1985-07-02 | Gursaran P. Talwar | Sterilization process for mammals |
-
1982
- 1982-08-05 DE DE19823229234 patent/DE3229234C2/en not_active Expired
- 1982-08-13 JP JP14159182A patent/JPS5933217A/en active Pending
- 1982-08-19 FR FR8214338A patent/FR2531858B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-09-06 AU AU88051/82A patent/AU556482B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1982-09-06 GB GB08225296A patent/GB2126478B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-10-08 CA CA000413080A patent/CA1185183A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5933217A (en) | 1984-02-23 |
| DE3229234A1 (en) | 1984-02-09 |
| GB2126478B (en) | 1986-06-18 |
| GB2126478A (en) | 1984-03-28 |
| AU556482B2 (en) | 1986-11-06 |
| AU8805182A (en) | 1984-03-15 |
| FR2531858A1 (en) | 1984-02-24 |
| DE3229234C2 (en) | 1986-06-19 |
| FR2531858B1 (en) | 1988-11-10 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEC | Expiry (correction) | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |