CA1180912A - Prefabricated building structure - Google Patents
Prefabricated building structureInfo
- Publication number
- CA1180912A CA1180912A CA000393842A CA393842A CA1180912A CA 1180912 A CA1180912 A CA 1180912A CA 000393842 A CA000393842 A CA 000393842A CA 393842 A CA393842 A CA 393842A CA 1180912 A CA1180912 A CA 1180912A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- panels
- panel
- floor
- ribs
- tongue
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
- E04B1/04—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material
Abstract
ABSTRACT
This invention relates to a concrete building system having wall elements, floor and ceiling elements and vertical support elements, each of the elements being adapted to be attached securely to at least one other element.
This invention relates to a concrete building system having wall elements, floor and ceiling elements and vertical support elements, each of the elements being adapted to be attached securely to at least one other element.
Description
The present inverltion relates to the field of builcling construc-tion, more specifically, to the construction of building structures using prefabricated elements, preferably of concre-te.
The construction of buildiny s-tructures using prefabricated concrete elements has been known since at least as early as the 1920's; however, major drawbacks and disadvantages have existed in this type of construction. Some of the disadvantages included the need for extensive on-site pouring of concrete to securely join the various precast elements. Such practice was very time consuming and served to defeat the main purpose of prefabricating components, namely in order to save time.
Using other known techniques, there was a need for additional structural members using steel or wooden joints to ensure the stability of the completed structure. A known method of joining elements was simple overlap joints which did not have the stability required and needed more time during the actual construction.
It is an object of this invention to overcome some of these disadvantayes and to provide a construction system which allows for a relatively fast and economical construction of a building structure made of prefabricated concrete elements.
~ ;~
In one broad aspect, the present invention relates to a building structure including walls comprised of a plurality of preEabricated panels, each said panel having a front surface and a back surface, a mutually opposed pair of ends and a mutually opposed pair of sides, a selected one of said surfaces having a plurality of vertically extending ribs formed thereon, a selected one of the outermost oE said ribs having a tongue formed therein and the other of said outermost ribs having a complimentary groove formed therein each said groove is lined wi-th deformable elastic material, whereby when said panels are secured together, a sealed tongue and groove joint is formed.
The present invention provides a building structure comprising a plurality of prefabricated components. These components are preferably primarily concrete.
The present invention provides, from ano-ther aspect, a building structure comprising wall elements, floor and ceiling elements, and vertical support elements, each element being adapted to be securely attached to at least one other element.
~A~
In drawings which illustra-te embodiments of the invention, Figure 1 is a pe.rspec-tive view in cross-section of a wall panel;
Figure 2 is a perspective view of a wall panel mounted on a concrete footing;
Figure 3 is a perspective view of an outside corner panel;
Figure 4 ls a perspective view of an inside corner panel;
Figure 5 is a cross sectional view of a floor and ceiling panel;
Figure 6 is a perspective view in cross-section of a floor and ceiling panel mounted in wall panels;
Figure 7 is a perspective view of a partially completed building structure;
Figure ~ is a cross sectional view of a building structure;
Figure 9 is a perspective view of a wall panel adapted for the installation of a window;
Figure 10 is a perspective view of a window sill panel;
Figure 11 is a perspective view of an archway panel;
Figure 12 is a perspective view of a window or door head-er;
Figure 13 is a schemetic illustration of a typical steel reinforcement pattern in a panel; and Figure 14 is a view o~ a window assembly.
Z
Figures 7 and 8 illustrate the manner in which the various components of the present invention may be assembled to form a building structure.
Figure 1 shows a typical wall panel 1 having a flat outer surface 2, and an inner surface 3 having a plurality of parallel support members 4 extending from the inner surface 3. Each member 4 has wood strips 5 which form an integral part of the wall panel 1 and facilitate the installation of interior wall finishes while eliminating the necessity of erecting an interior wooden framework for this purpose. The support members 4 are of a sufficient depth to allow for the installation of insulation, such as fiberglass batts or polystyrene.
Each end of the wall panel, terminates in a support member 4 being either a tongue member 7 or a groove member 6, there-by facilitating the assembly of wall members to each other by meansof tongue and groove joints. Preferably, the interior of each joint is lined with a soft rubber latex compound, which may be applied as a preformed one piece solid strip. The rubber latex functions to prevent moisture from entering through the wall joint, and also fills in any gaps which may exist in the joint.
Referring to Figure 2, it can be seen that the wall panel 1 has holes 12 at pre-determined points in the support members 4 which have either a tongue member 7 or a groove member 6 When two wall panels 1 are joined together -they can then be bolted together at these points. Larger holes 8 are also drilled or formed in each support member 4 in order to allow electrical wiring, plu~bing, and other such works to be inserted through the walls without the necessity of cutting holes especially for these once the panels have been erected.
I-t can also be seen, in Figure 2 that there is a substant-ially rectangular notch 9 cut out of the bottom of each member 4.
The notches 9 facilitate the assembly of the wall panell on the foundation footing 11, as shown in Figure 2 or on a floor panel 19, as shown in Figure 7. In Figure 2 it can be seen that the concrete footing 11, which may be either poured in situ or pre~formed and transported to the site, is provided with a substantially rectangular ridge 10 to fit the notches 9. This ridge may be pre-formed, or formed in situ after the wall panel iserected on the concrete foot-ing llo Referring to Figure 3, wall panels may also be formed tobe used as corner panels. Figure 3 shows an outside corner panel.
It can be seen that the only difference between a corner panel and a wall panel as described above is tha-t one support member 4 is bevelled at an angle of approximately 45. The angle may be varied according to the particular angle desired at the corner of the structure.
A wall panel, adapted to be joined with the wall panel illustrated in Figure 3 -to form the outside corner is not shown;
however, the level is in the support member 4 having a groove 6, adapted to receive the tongue 7 which is shown in Figure 3.
An inside corner panel, as shown in Figure 4, is similar to an outside corner panel, except that the edges, rather than being levelled inwardly, project outwardly at an angle of approxi-mately 135 from the inner surface 3 of the panel. This angle may also be varied according to the particular corner angle desired.
Figure 4 shows the two wall panels as they would be adapted to form an inside corner, with the support member 4 having the tongue 7 being bevelled on one panel and the support member Q9~2 having the groove being bevelled on the other panel.
Figure 5 shows a floor and ceiling panel 19 according to the present invention. Each such panel 19 has a lower surface 13 which forms a ceiling surface when the panel is in place, and an upper surface 14 which has a plurality of parallel upward floor members 16 having wooden strips 5. These wooden strips 5 are integrally attached to the floor members 16, and facilitate the installation of flooring material, without the necessity of con-structing a separate wooden grid or frameword for flooring. A
flooring space 27 is formed between the floor members 16 thereby facilitating the installation of heating ducts, plumbing pipes and the like, without the need of cutting holes. Furthermore, any cold feel to the concrete is substantially eliminated by raising the finishing flooring a dis-~ance from the concrete upper surface 14 of the panel 19. The panel 19 terminates in a floor member 16, at each end and these outer floor members 16, for use where two floors and ceiling panels are to be used side by side.
Such an application is shown in Figure 7, and in such a case, a concrete support column 21 and beam 24 are also used to secure and support adjacent floor and ceiling panels 19.
It can be seen in Figure 5, that there is a downwardly projecting tongue 15 at one outer floor member 16 of the floor and ceiling panel 19. At Figure 6, it can be seen that there may also be an upwardly projecting tongue 15a on the upper surface of the floor and surface panel opposite the said downwardly projecting tongue 15. These tongues fit into grooves 18 formed in the upper edges of ~he support member 4 of the wall panels 1, in the case of a downwardly projecting tongue 15, or notches 9 on the lower edges of the support members 4 of the wall panel 1, in the case of upwardly projecting tongues 15a. A joint between a wall panel 1 and a floor and ceiling panel 19 is therefore made by inserting these tongues 15 or 15a into the corresponding groove 18 or notch 9. An upward extension 17 of the wall panel covers such a joint and serves to protect it from moisture and to add stability to the joint. Such an extension i5 illustrated in Figure 7.
Referring to Figure 7, the downwardly projecting tongues 15 on the floor and ceiling panels 19 may also be inserted into grooves 18 in the support beams 24, the beams 24 being supported by columns 21 resting on concrete footings 20. Tongue 25 and groove 26 joints may be used to mount the beam 24 to the column 21.
Tongue 22 and groove 23 joints may also be used to mount the column 21 to the footing 20. Each of these joints may be cemented.
The use of tongue and groove joints as described in wall to floor and ceiling, wall to footing, floor to ceiling to beam, beam to column and column to footing joints provides a great deal of stability to the structures buil-t with this system, and also greatly facilitates the actual construction, as the positioning of the various elements of the system can be done accurately and quickly by only a small crew. It has been found that structures may be built with the present system in less time, and utilizing less labour than possible with prior systems.
Figure 8 shows cross section of a structure built according to the present invention. It can be seen that it is possible to cut suitably sized holes in the walls to allow for the installation of windows, and doors. When a window or door hole is desired in a wall panel, there are additional, horizontally extend-ing outward projections 31 (see Figure l2) formed above the hole ., ....
~o act as hea~ers and tlese support the weight o~ the structure above the holes. The holes may be continuous from one panel to another, shown as Figure 14, and include, at -the lower edge of the holes, a groove 30 to accept a downwardly extending tongue on a pre-formed window sill 28, Vertical. yrooves may be formed in the vertical edges of the window holes, so that a window may easily be installed by sliding it in place and sealing it with a calking com-pound.
Wall panels may also be formed in shapes other than rectangular. Shown in Figure 11 is an arch-shaped panel, used for decorative purposes, but with th~ features as herein described for all wall panels.
Reerring to Figure 7, and Figure 8, the construction of a building structure according to the method of this invention may be described by following the following steps:
a) a suitable hole is excavated b) concrete footings ll and 20 ~~re installed, either poured in situ, are transported to the site c) wall panels are mounted on the iootings, and cemented thereto by ridge ll at notch~s 9;.the wall panels are bolted together d) concrete is poured in the hole as a foundation floor, e) floor and ceiling panels are joined.to the wall panels and cemented in place, where re~uired,~suppoxt beams and columns are also installed now .to- support ,floor and ceiling panels; the joints are cemented f) wall panels are joined to the floor and.ceiling panels and the joints are cemented; the panels are bolted toge-ther g) necessary doors and windows are ins-talled h) floor and ceiling panels are installed above the wall panels; necessary beams and columns are installed, joints are cemented Steps f, g, and h are then repeated in order until a building of the desired height is completed.
i) plumbing, electrical, etc work is installed j) interior wall and floor finishes are applied It has been fo~md that buildings of up to six and seven stories are possible with this invention, without the need of additional structural materials.
It should be noted that the concrete panels used in this invention are re-inforced with steel. ~ typical re-inforcement pattern is shown in Figure 13, but any suitable re-enforcement pattern is possible in this invention.
The construction of buildiny s-tructures using prefabricated concrete elements has been known since at least as early as the 1920's; however, major drawbacks and disadvantages have existed in this type of construction. Some of the disadvantages included the need for extensive on-site pouring of concrete to securely join the various precast elements. Such practice was very time consuming and served to defeat the main purpose of prefabricating components, namely in order to save time.
Using other known techniques, there was a need for additional structural members using steel or wooden joints to ensure the stability of the completed structure. A known method of joining elements was simple overlap joints which did not have the stability required and needed more time during the actual construction.
It is an object of this invention to overcome some of these disadvantayes and to provide a construction system which allows for a relatively fast and economical construction of a building structure made of prefabricated concrete elements.
~ ;~
In one broad aspect, the present invention relates to a building structure including walls comprised of a plurality of preEabricated panels, each said panel having a front surface and a back surface, a mutually opposed pair of ends and a mutually opposed pair of sides, a selected one of said surfaces having a plurality of vertically extending ribs formed thereon, a selected one of the outermost oE said ribs having a tongue formed therein and the other of said outermost ribs having a complimentary groove formed therein each said groove is lined wi-th deformable elastic material, whereby when said panels are secured together, a sealed tongue and groove joint is formed.
The present invention provides a building structure comprising a plurality of prefabricated components. These components are preferably primarily concrete.
The present invention provides, from ano-ther aspect, a building structure comprising wall elements, floor and ceiling elements, and vertical support elements, each element being adapted to be securely attached to at least one other element.
~A~
In drawings which illustra-te embodiments of the invention, Figure 1 is a pe.rspec-tive view in cross-section of a wall panel;
Figure 2 is a perspective view of a wall panel mounted on a concrete footing;
Figure 3 is a perspective view of an outside corner panel;
Figure 4 ls a perspective view of an inside corner panel;
Figure 5 is a cross sectional view of a floor and ceiling panel;
Figure 6 is a perspective view in cross-section of a floor and ceiling panel mounted in wall panels;
Figure 7 is a perspective view of a partially completed building structure;
Figure ~ is a cross sectional view of a building structure;
Figure 9 is a perspective view of a wall panel adapted for the installation of a window;
Figure 10 is a perspective view of a window sill panel;
Figure 11 is a perspective view of an archway panel;
Figure 12 is a perspective view of a window or door head-er;
Figure 13 is a schemetic illustration of a typical steel reinforcement pattern in a panel; and Figure 14 is a view o~ a window assembly.
Z
Figures 7 and 8 illustrate the manner in which the various components of the present invention may be assembled to form a building structure.
Figure 1 shows a typical wall panel 1 having a flat outer surface 2, and an inner surface 3 having a plurality of parallel support members 4 extending from the inner surface 3. Each member 4 has wood strips 5 which form an integral part of the wall panel 1 and facilitate the installation of interior wall finishes while eliminating the necessity of erecting an interior wooden framework for this purpose. The support members 4 are of a sufficient depth to allow for the installation of insulation, such as fiberglass batts or polystyrene.
Each end of the wall panel, terminates in a support member 4 being either a tongue member 7 or a groove member 6, there-by facilitating the assembly of wall members to each other by meansof tongue and groove joints. Preferably, the interior of each joint is lined with a soft rubber latex compound, which may be applied as a preformed one piece solid strip. The rubber latex functions to prevent moisture from entering through the wall joint, and also fills in any gaps which may exist in the joint.
Referring to Figure 2, it can be seen that the wall panel 1 has holes 12 at pre-determined points in the support members 4 which have either a tongue member 7 or a groove member 6 When two wall panels 1 are joined together -they can then be bolted together at these points. Larger holes 8 are also drilled or formed in each support member 4 in order to allow electrical wiring, plu~bing, and other such works to be inserted through the walls without the necessity of cutting holes especially for these once the panels have been erected.
I-t can also be seen, in Figure 2 that there is a substant-ially rectangular notch 9 cut out of the bottom of each member 4.
The notches 9 facilitate the assembly of the wall panell on the foundation footing 11, as shown in Figure 2 or on a floor panel 19, as shown in Figure 7. In Figure 2 it can be seen that the concrete footing 11, which may be either poured in situ or pre~formed and transported to the site, is provided with a substantially rectangular ridge 10 to fit the notches 9. This ridge may be pre-formed, or formed in situ after the wall panel iserected on the concrete foot-ing llo Referring to Figure 3, wall panels may also be formed tobe used as corner panels. Figure 3 shows an outside corner panel.
It can be seen that the only difference between a corner panel and a wall panel as described above is tha-t one support member 4 is bevelled at an angle of approximately 45. The angle may be varied according to the particular angle desired at the corner of the structure.
A wall panel, adapted to be joined with the wall panel illustrated in Figure 3 -to form the outside corner is not shown;
however, the level is in the support member 4 having a groove 6, adapted to receive the tongue 7 which is shown in Figure 3.
An inside corner panel, as shown in Figure 4, is similar to an outside corner panel, except that the edges, rather than being levelled inwardly, project outwardly at an angle of approxi-mately 135 from the inner surface 3 of the panel. This angle may also be varied according to the particular corner angle desired.
Figure 4 shows the two wall panels as they would be adapted to form an inside corner, with the support member 4 having the tongue 7 being bevelled on one panel and the support member Q9~2 having the groove being bevelled on the other panel.
Figure 5 shows a floor and ceiling panel 19 according to the present invention. Each such panel 19 has a lower surface 13 which forms a ceiling surface when the panel is in place, and an upper surface 14 which has a plurality of parallel upward floor members 16 having wooden strips 5. These wooden strips 5 are integrally attached to the floor members 16, and facilitate the installation of flooring material, without the necessity of con-structing a separate wooden grid or frameword for flooring. A
flooring space 27 is formed between the floor members 16 thereby facilitating the installation of heating ducts, plumbing pipes and the like, without the need of cutting holes. Furthermore, any cold feel to the concrete is substantially eliminated by raising the finishing flooring a dis-~ance from the concrete upper surface 14 of the panel 19. The panel 19 terminates in a floor member 16, at each end and these outer floor members 16, for use where two floors and ceiling panels are to be used side by side.
Such an application is shown in Figure 7, and in such a case, a concrete support column 21 and beam 24 are also used to secure and support adjacent floor and ceiling panels 19.
It can be seen in Figure 5, that there is a downwardly projecting tongue 15 at one outer floor member 16 of the floor and ceiling panel 19. At Figure 6, it can be seen that there may also be an upwardly projecting tongue 15a on the upper surface of the floor and surface panel opposite the said downwardly projecting tongue 15. These tongues fit into grooves 18 formed in the upper edges of ~he support member 4 of the wall panels 1, in the case of a downwardly projecting tongue 15, or notches 9 on the lower edges of the support members 4 of the wall panel 1, in the case of upwardly projecting tongues 15a. A joint between a wall panel 1 and a floor and ceiling panel 19 is therefore made by inserting these tongues 15 or 15a into the corresponding groove 18 or notch 9. An upward extension 17 of the wall panel covers such a joint and serves to protect it from moisture and to add stability to the joint. Such an extension i5 illustrated in Figure 7.
Referring to Figure 7, the downwardly projecting tongues 15 on the floor and ceiling panels 19 may also be inserted into grooves 18 in the support beams 24, the beams 24 being supported by columns 21 resting on concrete footings 20. Tongue 25 and groove 26 joints may be used to mount the beam 24 to the column 21.
Tongue 22 and groove 23 joints may also be used to mount the column 21 to the footing 20. Each of these joints may be cemented.
The use of tongue and groove joints as described in wall to floor and ceiling, wall to footing, floor to ceiling to beam, beam to column and column to footing joints provides a great deal of stability to the structures buil-t with this system, and also greatly facilitates the actual construction, as the positioning of the various elements of the system can be done accurately and quickly by only a small crew. It has been found that structures may be built with the present system in less time, and utilizing less labour than possible with prior systems.
Figure 8 shows cross section of a structure built according to the present invention. It can be seen that it is possible to cut suitably sized holes in the walls to allow for the installation of windows, and doors. When a window or door hole is desired in a wall panel, there are additional, horizontally extend-ing outward projections 31 (see Figure l2) formed above the hole ., ....
~o act as hea~ers and tlese support the weight o~ the structure above the holes. The holes may be continuous from one panel to another, shown as Figure 14, and include, at -the lower edge of the holes, a groove 30 to accept a downwardly extending tongue on a pre-formed window sill 28, Vertical. yrooves may be formed in the vertical edges of the window holes, so that a window may easily be installed by sliding it in place and sealing it with a calking com-pound.
Wall panels may also be formed in shapes other than rectangular. Shown in Figure 11 is an arch-shaped panel, used for decorative purposes, but with th~ features as herein described for all wall panels.
Reerring to Figure 7, and Figure 8, the construction of a building structure according to the method of this invention may be described by following the following steps:
a) a suitable hole is excavated b) concrete footings ll and 20 ~~re installed, either poured in situ, are transported to the site c) wall panels are mounted on the iootings, and cemented thereto by ridge ll at notch~s 9;.the wall panels are bolted together d) concrete is poured in the hole as a foundation floor, e) floor and ceiling panels are joined.to the wall panels and cemented in place, where re~uired,~suppoxt beams and columns are also installed now .to- support ,floor and ceiling panels; the joints are cemented f) wall panels are joined to the floor and.ceiling panels and the joints are cemented; the panels are bolted toge-ther g) necessary doors and windows are ins-talled h) floor and ceiling panels are installed above the wall panels; necessary beams and columns are installed, joints are cemented Steps f, g, and h are then repeated in order until a building of the desired height is completed.
i) plumbing, electrical, etc work is installed j) interior wall and floor finishes are applied It has been fo~md that buildings of up to six and seven stories are possible with this invention, without the need of additional structural materials.
It should be noted that the concrete panels used in this invention are re-inforced with steel. ~ typical re-inforcement pattern is shown in Figure 13, but any suitable re-enforcement pattern is possible in this invention.
Claims (6)
1. A building structure including walls comprised of a plurality of prefabricated panels, each said panel having a front surface and a back surface, a mutually opposed pair of ends and a mutually opposed pair of sides, a selected one of said surfaces having a plurality of vertically extending rib formed thereon, a selected one of the outermost of said ribs having a tongue formed therein and the other of said outermost ribs having a complementary groove formed therein each said groove is lined with deformable elastic material, whereby when said panels are secured together, a sealed tongue and groove joint is formed.
2. A structure according to Claim 1, wherein each said outermost rib has a plurality of apertures formed therein, whereby said panels may be secured together, by means of nuts and bolts.
3. A structure according to Claim 2 wherein a selected side of each said panel forming an outer corner in a said structure is provided with a rib angled inwardly at 45°, whereby securement of a pair of said ribs angled inwardly at 45° forms an outer corner of a said structure.
4. A structure according to Claim 2, wherein a selected side of each said panel forming an inner corner in a said structure is provided with a rib angled outwardly at 45°, whereby securement of a pair of said ribs angled outwardly at 45° forms an inner corner of a said structure.
5. A structure according to Claim 2, further including a plurality of floor and ceiling panels, wherein each said floor and ceiling panel has a flat lower surface, a longitudinally ribbed upper surface, and at least a pair of mutually opposed sides, wherein each said side of a said floor and ceiling panel is provided with a longitudinal rib having an upwardly and a downwardly projecting tongue and wherein the top and bottom edges of the vertical ribs on said wall panels are adapted to receive said tongues on said longtitudinal ribs whereby tongue and groove joints are formed at the junction of said wall panels and said floor and ceiling panels.
6. A structure according to Claims 2, 3, or 4 wherein each of the ribs on said wall panels is provided with wood nailing strips.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000393842A CA1180912A (en) | 1982-01-08 | 1982-01-08 | Prefabricated building structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000393842A CA1180912A (en) | 1982-01-08 | 1982-01-08 | Prefabricated building structure |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1180912A true CA1180912A (en) | 1985-01-15 |
Family
ID=4121792
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000393842A Expired CA1180912A (en) | 1982-01-08 | 1982-01-08 | Prefabricated building structure |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1180912A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT2101U1 (en) * | 1997-02-20 | 1998-04-27 | Herbert Feike | FINISHED PARTS FOR CONSTRUCTIONS AND CONSTRUCTION HIEVON |
| EP0860109A2 (en) | 1997-02-20 | 1998-08-26 | Ebenseer Betonwerke AG | Prefabricated construction elements and construction assembled thereof |
-
1982
- 1982-01-08 CA CA000393842A patent/CA1180912A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT2101U1 (en) * | 1997-02-20 | 1998-04-27 | Herbert Feike | FINISHED PARTS FOR CONSTRUCTIONS AND CONSTRUCTION HIEVON |
| EP0860109A2 (en) | 1997-02-20 | 1998-08-26 | Ebenseer Betonwerke AG | Prefabricated construction elements and construction assembled thereof |
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| MKEX | Expiry |