CA1174853A - Apparatus for recovering large quantities of combustible gas from carbon-containing materials - Google Patents
Apparatus for recovering large quantities of combustible gas from carbon-containing materialsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1174853A CA1174853A CA000389645A CA389645A CA1174853A CA 1174853 A CA1174853 A CA 1174853A CA 000389645 A CA000389645 A CA 000389645A CA 389645 A CA389645 A CA 389645A CA 1174853 A CA1174853 A CA 1174853A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- shaft
- air
- gas
- materials
- carbon
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
- C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
- C10J3/26—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed downwardly
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/30—Fuel charging devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
- C10J3/40—Movable grates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
- C10J2300/092—Wood, cellulose
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1846—Partial oxidation, i.e. injection of air or oxygen only
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Coke Industry (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An apparatus for recovering large quantities of combustible gas from carbon-containing materials, more par-ticularly from pieces of wood or wood scrap, by gasifying these materials with the addition of air and partial com-bustion, the apparatus consisting of a shaft sealed off gas-tightly from the outside, the upper part of which is connected to a materials-charging device, while the lower part is provided with an ash-discharge, nozzles being fitted to the shaft for the supply of air, and lines for exhausting the gas, characterized by a shaft of rectangular design com-prising air nozzles distributed uniformly in at least one plane in the longitudinal walls of the shaft, and by air-supply lances distributed uniformly in the central area.
An apparatus for recovering large quantities of combustible gas from carbon-containing materials, more par-ticularly from pieces of wood or wood scrap, by gasifying these materials with the addition of air and partial com-bustion, the apparatus consisting of a shaft sealed off gas-tightly from the outside, the upper part of which is connected to a materials-charging device, while the lower part is provided with an ash-discharge, nozzles being fitted to the shaft for the supply of air, and lines for exhausting the gas, characterized by a shaft of rectangular design com-prising air nozzles distributed uniformly in at least one plane in the longitudinal walls of the shaft, and by air-supply lances distributed uniformly in the central area.
Description
~ 174~5~
This invention relates to an apparatus for re-covering large quantities of combustible gas from carbon-containing materials, more particularly from pieces of wood or wood scrap, by gasifying these materials with the addition of air and partial combustion, the said apparatus consisting of a shaft sealed off gas-tightly from the outside, the upper part of which is connected to a materials-charging device, while the lower part is provided with an ash-discharge, nozzles being fitted to the said shaft for the said supply of air and lines for exhausting the gas.
Existing wood-gas producers or generators of the above mentioned design are of circular cross-section, the air required for gasification being supplied through peripheral nozzles. This leads to partial combustion of the wood, atmospheric oxygen being combined with the carbon from the cellulose in the wood. The resulting gas mixture consists essentially of combustible components such as carbon-monoxide (C0), hydrogen (H2), nitrogen (N2), hydrocarbon (CH4), with carbon-dioxide (C02) and water-vapour (H20) as incombustible -components. If the reacting material is guided in counter-flow to the primary gas, partial fission of C02 and H20 into C0 and H2, with consumption of heat, takes place in the hot zone, the oxygen released combining with the remaining carbon in the material. Moreover, by feeding secondary air through the ashes, unburned material therein is converted into gas, as long as the temperature in this zone is high enough.
These known, circular cross-section wood-gas producers or generators permit only a relatively low throughput, since the depth of penetration of the gasifying air is limited.
If the circular cross-section is enlarged, the air scarcely reaches, or does not reach at all, parts of the cross-section surfaces, and any material located in this area is converted ~ :~74~3 into gas either poorly or not at all.
It is the purpose of the invention to provide an apparatus for the recovery of combustible gas from materials which contain carbon, more particularly cellulose, which will provide a substantial increase in throughput, and an im-provement in efficiency, in a particularly simple and econo-mical manner. This purpose is achieved by means of a shaft of rectangular design comprising air-nozzles distributed uniformly in at least one plane in the longitudinal walls of the said shaft, and air-supply lances distributed uniformly ;in the central area. Whereas, as already indicated, the known circular shaft cannot be enlarged beyond a certain size, the rectangular shaft according to the invention may be en-larged in one direction, namely longitudinally, thus making it possible to increase the throughput to almost any desired degree, while achieving uniformly satisfactory air-penetration.
According to one advantageous development of the invention, the shaft is divided into separate chambers by partitions. This provides a simple way of varying the through-put by cutting chambers in or out.
Further details, characteristics and advantages ofthe invention may be gathered from the following explanation of the example of embodiment illustrated diagrammatically in the drawing attached hereto, wherein:
Figure 1 is a cross-section through a rectangular shaft according to the invention' Figure 2 is a longitudinal section along the line A-B in Figure 1.
As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the apparatus according to the invention for the recovery of combustible gas from carbon-containing materials, especially pieces of wood, con-sists of a shaft 1 which is sealed off gas-tightly from the .
1 1748~3 outside, is of substantially rectangular cross-section, and has an upper part connected to a material-charging device 2 not shown in detail in the drawing.
The said shaft terminates in a hopper-shaped dis-charge 3 and an endless conveyor unit 4 for the discharge of the ash. The lower end of the shaft is thus sealed off gas-tightly. Conveyor unit 4 may be in the form of a scraper-belt of chain conveyor. Arranged at a distance above conveyor unite 4 is an ash-grating 5 which constitutes the actual `
bottom of the shaft and is preferably in the form of a vib-rating grate. It is of substantial advantage to connect the said grate operatively with the said conveyor unit, so that the former is driven by the latter. Located between the conveyor unit 4 and grate 5, in hopper-shaped discharge part 3, are nozzles 6 supplying secondary gasifying air.
Located at a distance above grate 5, on both sides, in the walls of the shaft, are gas-outlet connections 7 carrying pipes 8 running to gas-collector line 9.
According to the invention, the supply of primary gasifying air is effected by means of air-nozzles 10 uniformly distributed in the two longitudinal walls of the shaft and air-supply lances 11 located in the central area. As shown more particularly in Figure 2, nozzles 10 are arranged in two rows in the wall of the shaft, whereas Iances 11 are introduced from above, through adaptors 12 sealed off gas-tightly from the outside, into the central area of the shaft, spaced at equal distances from each other. Because of its rectangular shape, the shaft may be designed for very considerably higher throughputs than those obtainable with existing wood-gasifying units, while still maintaining the same high efficiency.
The shaft is charged with carbon-containing materials, more particularly pieces of wood, either continuous or ~ 174853 intermittently, from above, in the direction of arrow 13, air being excluded during the charging operation. These materials move slowly down under their own weight, thus reaching the gasifying zone where partial combustion is effected after initial ignition, air being supplied through nozzles 10 and lances ll. The resulting mixture of gas passes downwardly in counterflow to the reacting materials and is removed from the shaft in the direction of arrow 14, through gas-collector lines 9, to the outside. The gas-ification residue in the form of ash falls, through grate 5,into conical outlet 3, whence it is removed to the outside continuously with the aid of the underlying conveyor unit 4 and rotary vane valve 15 (Fig. 2). For the purpose of con-verting into gas any unburned material still present in the ash, secondary air is introduced, through nozzle 6, below grate 5, thus promoting after-combustion or after-gasification of the said unburned material.
As shown at the right-hand side of Figure 2, shaft l may, with advantage, be divided by partitions 16, into sep-arate chambers I, II and III. This makes it a simple matterto cut the individual chambers in or out, adapting the apparatus to the throughput desired and producing large quantities of combustible gases. One major advantage of this arrangement according to the invention is that all of the chambers in the shaft may be charged continuously with carbon-containing materials from one single charging unit. Moreover, the supply of gasifying air to the individual chambers may be adjusted or controlled optimally and independently. The shaft according to the invention is furthermore characterized by its practicality, compact design and high throughput.
This invention relates to an apparatus for re-covering large quantities of combustible gas from carbon-containing materials, more particularly from pieces of wood or wood scrap, by gasifying these materials with the addition of air and partial combustion, the said apparatus consisting of a shaft sealed off gas-tightly from the outside, the upper part of which is connected to a materials-charging device, while the lower part is provided with an ash-discharge, nozzles being fitted to the said shaft for the said supply of air and lines for exhausting the gas.
Existing wood-gas producers or generators of the above mentioned design are of circular cross-section, the air required for gasification being supplied through peripheral nozzles. This leads to partial combustion of the wood, atmospheric oxygen being combined with the carbon from the cellulose in the wood. The resulting gas mixture consists essentially of combustible components such as carbon-monoxide (C0), hydrogen (H2), nitrogen (N2), hydrocarbon (CH4), with carbon-dioxide (C02) and water-vapour (H20) as incombustible -components. If the reacting material is guided in counter-flow to the primary gas, partial fission of C02 and H20 into C0 and H2, with consumption of heat, takes place in the hot zone, the oxygen released combining with the remaining carbon in the material. Moreover, by feeding secondary air through the ashes, unburned material therein is converted into gas, as long as the temperature in this zone is high enough.
These known, circular cross-section wood-gas producers or generators permit only a relatively low throughput, since the depth of penetration of the gasifying air is limited.
If the circular cross-section is enlarged, the air scarcely reaches, or does not reach at all, parts of the cross-section surfaces, and any material located in this area is converted ~ :~74~3 into gas either poorly or not at all.
It is the purpose of the invention to provide an apparatus for the recovery of combustible gas from materials which contain carbon, more particularly cellulose, which will provide a substantial increase in throughput, and an im-provement in efficiency, in a particularly simple and econo-mical manner. This purpose is achieved by means of a shaft of rectangular design comprising air-nozzles distributed uniformly in at least one plane in the longitudinal walls of the said shaft, and air-supply lances distributed uniformly ;in the central area. Whereas, as already indicated, the known circular shaft cannot be enlarged beyond a certain size, the rectangular shaft according to the invention may be en-larged in one direction, namely longitudinally, thus making it possible to increase the throughput to almost any desired degree, while achieving uniformly satisfactory air-penetration.
According to one advantageous development of the invention, the shaft is divided into separate chambers by partitions. This provides a simple way of varying the through-put by cutting chambers in or out.
Further details, characteristics and advantages ofthe invention may be gathered from the following explanation of the example of embodiment illustrated diagrammatically in the drawing attached hereto, wherein:
Figure 1 is a cross-section through a rectangular shaft according to the invention' Figure 2 is a longitudinal section along the line A-B in Figure 1.
As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the apparatus according to the invention for the recovery of combustible gas from carbon-containing materials, especially pieces of wood, con-sists of a shaft 1 which is sealed off gas-tightly from the .
1 1748~3 outside, is of substantially rectangular cross-section, and has an upper part connected to a material-charging device 2 not shown in detail in the drawing.
The said shaft terminates in a hopper-shaped dis-charge 3 and an endless conveyor unit 4 for the discharge of the ash. The lower end of the shaft is thus sealed off gas-tightly. Conveyor unit 4 may be in the form of a scraper-belt of chain conveyor. Arranged at a distance above conveyor unite 4 is an ash-grating 5 which constitutes the actual `
bottom of the shaft and is preferably in the form of a vib-rating grate. It is of substantial advantage to connect the said grate operatively with the said conveyor unit, so that the former is driven by the latter. Located between the conveyor unit 4 and grate 5, in hopper-shaped discharge part 3, are nozzles 6 supplying secondary gasifying air.
Located at a distance above grate 5, on both sides, in the walls of the shaft, are gas-outlet connections 7 carrying pipes 8 running to gas-collector line 9.
According to the invention, the supply of primary gasifying air is effected by means of air-nozzles 10 uniformly distributed in the two longitudinal walls of the shaft and air-supply lances 11 located in the central area. As shown more particularly in Figure 2, nozzles 10 are arranged in two rows in the wall of the shaft, whereas Iances 11 are introduced from above, through adaptors 12 sealed off gas-tightly from the outside, into the central area of the shaft, spaced at equal distances from each other. Because of its rectangular shape, the shaft may be designed for very considerably higher throughputs than those obtainable with existing wood-gasifying units, while still maintaining the same high efficiency.
The shaft is charged with carbon-containing materials, more particularly pieces of wood, either continuous or ~ 174853 intermittently, from above, in the direction of arrow 13, air being excluded during the charging operation. These materials move slowly down under their own weight, thus reaching the gasifying zone where partial combustion is effected after initial ignition, air being supplied through nozzles 10 and lances ll. The resulting mixture of gas passes downwardly in counterflow to the reacting materials and is removed from the shaft in the direction of arrow 14, through gas-collector lines 9, to the outside. The gas-ification residue in the form of ash falls, through grate 5,into conical outlet 3, whence it is removed to the outside continuously with the aid of the underlying conveyor unit 4 and rotary vane valve 15 (Fig. 2). For the purpose of con-verting into gas any unburned material still present in the ash, secondary air is introduced, through nozzle 6, below grate 5, thus promoting after-combustion or after-gasification of the said unburned material.
As shown at the right-hand side of Figure 2, shaft l may, with advantage, be divided by partitions 16, into sep-arate chambers I, II and III. This makes it a simple matterto cut the individual chambers in or out, adapting the apparatus to the throughput desired and producing large quantities of combustible gases. One major advantage of this arrangement according to the invention is that all of the chambers in the shaft may be charged continuously with carbon-containing materials from one single charging unit. Moreover, the supply of gasifying air to the individual chambers may be adjusted or controlled optimally and independently. The shaft according to the invention is furthermore characterized by its practicality, compact design and high throughput.
Claims (2)
1. An apparatus for recovering large quantities of combustible gas from carbon-containing materials, more par-ticularly from pieces of wood or wood scrap, by gasifying these materials with the addition of air and partial com-bustion, the said apparatus consisting of a shaft sealed off gas-tightly from the outside, the upper part of which is connected to a materials-charging device, while the lower part is provided with an ash-discharge, nozzles being fitted to the said shaft for the said supply of air, and lines for exhausting the gas, characterized by a shaft of rectangular design comprising air nozzles distributed uniformly in at least one plane in the longitudinal walls of the shaft, and by air-supply lances distributed uniformly in the central area.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaft is divided by partitions into individual chambers.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19803042200 DE3042200A1 (en) | 1980-11-08 | 1980-11-08 | Wood material gasifier - with rectangular shaft and air admission through tuyeres and lances |
DEP3042200.5 | 1980-11-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA1174853A true CA1174853A (en) | 1984-09-25 |
Family
ID=6116302
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA000389645A Expired CA1174853A (en) | 1980-11-08 | 1981-11-06 | Apparatus for recovering large quantities of combustible gas from carbon-containing materials |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
BR (1) | BR8107211A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1174853A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3042200A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2574423B1 (en) * | 1984-12-06 | 1988-08-05 | Technologie Tropicale Ste Ivoi | COCONUT FUEL GAS |
WO1997001617A1 (en) * | 1995-06-27 | 1997-01-16 | Ver Verwertung Und Entsorgung Von Reststoffen Gmbh | Process and apparatus for producing fuel gas |
DE20200095U1 (en) * | 2002-01-04 | 2003-05-08 | Umweltkontor Renewable Energy AG, 04158 Leipzig | Co-current shaft reactor |
DE102004020919B4 (en) * | 2004-04-28 | 2009-12-31 | Kbi International Ltd. | Reactor for thermal waste treatment with injection agents |
AT505188B1 (en) * | 2004-08-27 | 2009-06-15 | Schiefer Erwin | REACTOR FOR GASIFICATION OF BIOMASS |
AT508001B1 (en) | 2009-07-14 | 2010-10-15 | Erwin Schiefer | REACTOR AND METHOD FOR GASIFICATION OF BIOMASS |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB139578A (en) * | 1919-02-13 | 1920-03-11 | Louis Fornas | Improvements in or relating to gas producers |
DE560329C (en) * | 1926-11-22 | 1932-10-01 | Emil Henrik Widegren | Gas generator for motor vehicles with downward draft |
DE654107C (en) * | 1934-02-03 | 1937-12-10 | Studien Und Verwertungs G M B | Portable gas generator with a downward draft and double air supply |
DE655843C (en) * | 1934-10-28 | 1938-01-24 | Humboldt Deutzmotoren Akt Ges | Gas generator for bituminous fuels with low-melting slag, such as B. Wood, with descending gasification |
DE688014C (en) * | 1937-11-28 | 1940-02-10 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Akt G |
-
1980
- 1980-11-08 DE DE19803042200 patent/DE3042200A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1981
- 1981-11-06 CA CA000389645A patent/CA1174853A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-11-06 BR BR8107211A patent/BR8107211A/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3042200A1 (en) | 1982-06-16 |
BR8107211A (en) | 1982-07-27 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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MKEC | Expiry (correction) | ||
MKEX | Expiry |