CA1168882A - Method and apparatus for tunnel lining - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for tunnel liningInfo
- Publication number
- CA1168882A CA1168882A CA000408307A CA408307A CA1168882A CA 1168882 A CA1168882 A CA 1168882A CA 000408307 A CA000408307 A CA 000408307A CA 408307 A CA408307 A CA 408307A CA 1168882 A CA1168882 A CA 1168882A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- opening
- pin
- tunnel liner
- segment
- sidewall
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/08—Lining with building materials with preformed concrete slabs
- E21D11/083—Methods or devices for joining adjacent concrete segments
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A method and apparatus for tunnel lining is provided made up of arcuate liner segments having a formed body with two end walls and two substantially parallel sidewalls, at least two pins extending from one sidewall intermediate its length in the median plane of the body and transverse to said sidewall, a like number of openings in the other sidewall each adapted to receive one of said at least two pins from two adjacent interfitting segment and locking means in said opening permitting insertion of said at least two pins in said openings of adjacent segments and lockingly engaging the same against removal and urging said two adjacent fittings into tight end to end engagement.
A method and apparatus for tunnel lining is provided made up of arcuate liner segments having a formed body with two end walls and two substantially parallel sidewalls, at least two pins extending from one sidewall intermediate its length in the median plane of the body and transverse to said sidewall, a like number of openings in the other sidewall each adapted to receive one of said at least two pins from two adjacent interfitting segment and locking means in said opening permitting insertion of said at least two pins in said openings of adjacent segments and lockingly engaging the same against removal and urging said two adjacent fittings into tight end to end engagement.
Description
This invention relates to methods and apparatus for tunnel lining and particularly to methods and apparatus for facilitating the erecting and sealing of tunnel linings.
Tunnel liners Eor large diameter bores through the ~ earth for subways, water ways, sewage systems and the like are - well known and of great variety. Basically tunnel liners are made up of a plurality of arcuate segments which are put together to form a cylindrical section of an elongate cylindri-cal tunnel structure. In general they have been made either o~
metal or concrete and fastened together both longitudinally and circumferentially by bolts. The use of bolts as fasteners require that the liner segments have internal flanges, recesses or pockets on the inner surface in order to permit access to the fasteners so as to apply the fastening means, e.g. nuts.
Such flanges, recesses or pockets defeat the desired end of having a smooth inner bore and re~uire that the inner bore be finished by filling these recesses with concrete or the like.
It has heretofore been proposed to use pins or projections on the side edges of tunnel liner segments to align and hold the segments as the segments are installed.
Unfortunately, however, such devices were not capable of firmly fastening the adjacent segments together so as to prevent their separation either circumferentially or a~ially of the tunnel~
Thus a tunnel lined with such segments could separate at the joints and required some external fastening means to hold the segments in place both in the individual ring sections and in the length of the tunnel.
We have invented a tunnel liner segment, tunnel liner and method of tunnel lining which eliminates all of these problems of this prior art. The tunnel liner segments of our :'' 1.
invention may be quickly assembled into a complete tunnel liner which is sealed and will not separate under normal conditions.
It does not require the presence of fastening flanges, recesses or pockets as did prior art devices. It is readily construc-ted, easily assembled and tight fitting.
We provide a tunnel liner made up of a plurality of arcuate segments having two end walls and two spaced generally parallel sidewalls, at least two pins on one sidewall extending therefrom in the median plane of the segment, a like number of openings in the other sidewall adapted to receive like pins from two adjacent segments and locking means in each said opening permitting the pins to be inserted in the opening but lockingly engaging them against removal while urging said two segments in end to end engagement. Preferably the locking means is a one way friction locking means such as one or more Timmerman clips or the like in the opening which permit the pin to be inserted but engage it to prevent removal. The locking means may also be a split pin or hollow pipe which is expanded in an enlarged position of the opening by an expansion device, ., such as a wedge in the opening. Another alternative locking device is a resin pack inserted in the opening and punctured and activated by the insertion of the pin to harden around the pin in the opening to fix it against removal. The final and perhaps most useful embodiment consists of a cylindrical plastic sleeve having an enlarged head with a frusto conical opening, a plurality of lengthwise s~its in the reduced diameter body following said opening and a metal shell surrounding and engaging said head and spaced from said reduced diameter body. On inserting a pin into the frusto conical opening it is guided between the slit portions of the reduced ~ .~
Tunnel liners Eor large diameter bores through the ~ earth for subways, water ways, sewage systems and the like are - well known and of great variety. Basically tunnel liners are made up of a plurality of arcuate segments which are put together to form a cylindrical section of an elongate cylindri-cal tunnel structure. In general they have been made either o~
metal or concrete and fastened together both longitudinally and circumferentially by bolts. The use of bolts as fasteners require that the liner segments have internal flanges, recesses or pockets on the inner surface in order to permit access to the fasteners so as to apply the fastening means, e.g. nuts.
Such flanges, recesses or pockets defeat the desired end of having a smooth inner bore and re~uire that the inner bore be finished by filling these recesses with concrete or the like.
It has heretofore been proposed to use pins or projections on the side edges of tunnel liner segments to align and hold the segments as the segments are installed.
Unfortunately, however, such devices were not capable of firmly fastening the adjacent segments together so as to prevent their separation either circumferentially or a~ially of the tunnel~
Thus a tunnel lined with such segments could separate at the joints and required some external fastening means to hold the segments in place both in the individual ring sections and in the length of the tunnel.
We have invented a tunnel liner segment, tunnel liner and method of tunnel lining which eliminates all of these problems of this prior art. The tunnel liner segments of our :'' 1.
invention may be quickly assembled into a complete tunnel liner which is sealed and will not separate under normal conditions.
It does not require the presence of fastening flanges, recesses or pockets as did prior art devices. It is readily construc-ted, easily assembled and tight fitting.
We provide a tunnel liner made up of a plurality of arcuate segments having two end walls and two spaced generally parallel sidewalls, at least two pins on one sidewall extending therefrom in the median plane of the segment, a like number of openings in the other sidewall adapted to receive like pins from two adjacent segments and locking means in each said opening permitting the pins to be inserted in the opening but lockingly engaging them against removal while urging said two segments in end to end engagement. Preferably the locking means is a one way friction locking means such as one or more Timmerman clips or the like in the opening which permit the pin to be inserted but engage it to prevent removal. The locking means may also be a split pin or hollow pipe which is expanded in an enlarged position of the opening by an expansion device, ., such as a wedge in the opening. Another alternative locking device is a resin pack inserted in the opening and punctured and activated by the insertion of the pin to harden around the pin in the opening to fix it against removal. The final and perhaps most useful embodiment consists of a cylindrical plastic sleeve having an enlarged head with a frusto conical opening, a plurality of lengthwise s~its in the reduced diameter body following said opening and a metal shell surrounding and engaging said head and spaced from said reduced diameter body. On inserting a pin into the frusto conical opening it is guided between the slit portions of the reduced ~ .~
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diameter body which frictionally engage the same while permitting some axial misalignment. Finally a combination of these locking means, such as for example one of the mechanical fastening means and the resin pack, can be especially effective. Preferably all segments in each ring except two are of parallelogram shape and the remaining two are trapezoidal in shape for ease in completing the ring within a tunnel. Either of both sidewall and endwalls may have matiny tongues and grooves.
In the foregoing general description we have set out certain objects, purposes and advantages of our invention.
Other objects, purposes and advantages of the invention will be apparent from a consideration of the following description and the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is an end elevational view of a tunnel liner section made up of four segments according to our invention;
Figure 2 is a top plan view of the tunnel liner section of Figure l;
Figure 3 ~s a side elevational view of the tunnel liner sections of Figure 1 from the left of Figure l;
Figure 4 is a side elevational view of the tunnel liner section of Figure 1 from the right of Figure l;
Figure 5 is a bottom plan view of the tunnel liner of Figure l;
Figure 6 is a fragmentary top plan view of a partly installed tunnel liner showing the staggered relationship of liner segments in a preferred practice;
; Figure 7 is an enlarged fragmentary section of two ~ side by side liner segments showing a pin and Timmerman ; 30 friction grip coupling arrangement for use in this invention;
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Figure 8 is an enlarged fragmentary section of two side by side liner segments showing a split hollow pin and expander for use in this invention;
Figure 9 is a second embodiment of split hollow pin arrangement for use in this invention;
Figure 10 is an enlarged fragmentary section of two side by side liner segments showing a plastic, puncturable pouch and pin arrangement according to this invention;
Figure 11 is an enlarged fragmentary section of a combination of the structures of Figures 7 and 9;
Figure 12 is an enlarged fragmentary section of another embodiment of liner segment connector according to our invention;
Figure 13 is an enlarged fragmentary section of a ~` fifth and preferred embodiment of liner segment connector according to our invention;
Figure 14 is an end elevational view of the connector ~ of Figure 13; and ''- Figure 15 is an exploded isometric view of the ~;~ 20 connector of Figure 13.
Referring to the drawings we have illustrated in Figure 1 a single section of tunnel liner made up of four liner segments 10, 11, 12 and 13, two of which, 10 and 12, are of ` parallelogram form and two of which 11 and 13, are of isosceles trapezoidal form. One side edge of each segment is provided , with two pins 14 and 15 spaced apart transversely of the edge at its median plane. The other side edge of each segment is provided with a pair of identically spaced sockets 16 and 17.
These are preferably spaced apart at 45 in the segment and at 45 between segments so that the segmen~s of different sections .
diameter body which frictionally engage the same while permitting some axial misalignment. Finally a combination of these locking means, such as for example one of the mechanical fastening means and the resin pack, can be especially effective. Preferably all segments in each ring except two are of parallelogram shape and the remaining two are trapezoidal in shape for ease in completing the ring within a tunnel. Either of both sidewall and endwalls may have matiny tongues and grooves.
In the foregoing general description we have set out certain objects, purposes and advantages of our invention.
Other objects, purposes and advantages of the invention will be apparent from a consideration of the following description and the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is an end elevational view of a tunnel liner section made up of four segments according to our invention;
Figure 2 is a top plan view of the tunnel liner section of Figure l;
Figure 3 ~s a side elevational view of the tunnel liner sections of Figure 1 from the left of Figure l;
Figure 4 is a side elevational view of the tunnel liner section of Figure 1 from the right of Figure l;
Figure 5 is a bottom plan view of the tunnel liner of Figure l;
Figure 6 is a fragmentary top plan view of a partly installed tunnel liner showing the staggered relationship of liner segments in a preferred practice;
; Figure 7 is an enlarged fragmentary section of two ~ side by side liner segments showing a pin and Timmerman ; 30 friction grip coupling arrangement for use in this invention;
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Figure 8 is an enlarged fragmentary section of two side by side liner segments showing a split hollow pin and expander for use in this invention;
Figure 9 is a second embodiment of split hollow pin arrangement for use in this invention;
Figure 10 is an enlarged fragmentary section of two side by side liner segments showing a plastic, puncturable pouch and pin arrangement according to this invention;
Figure 11 is an enlarged fragmentary section of a combination of the structures of Figures 7 and 9;
Figure 12 is an enlarged fragmentary section of another embodiment of liner segment connector according to our invention;
Figure 13 is an enlarged fragmentary section of a ~` fifth and preferred embodiment of liner segment connector according to our invention;
Figure 14 is an end elevational view of the connector ~ of Figure 13; and ''- Figure 15 is an exploded isometric view of the ~;~ 20 connector of Figure 13.
Referring to the drawings we have illustrated in Figure 1 a single section of tunnel liner made up of four liner segments 10, 11, 12 and 13, two of which, 10 and 12, are of ` parallelogram form and two of which 11 and 13, are of isosceles trapezoidal form. One side edge of each segment is provided , with two pins 14 and 15 spaced apart transversely of the edge at its median plane. The other side edge of each segment is provided with a pair of identically spaced sockets 16 and 17.
These are preferably spaced apart at 45 in the segment and at 45 between segments so that the segmen~s of different sections .
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can be staggered as shown in Figure 6. Preferably the segment ends are provided with interfitting tongues and grooves 18 and 19.
The pins 14 and 15 may be solid pins as shown in Figure 7 which are cast into the concrete of the liner seyment at one end, leaving the other end extending from the sidewall of the segment. The sockets in such case are pre~erably made of an inner cylindrical receptacle 20 having a conical opening 21 carrying a Timmerman clip 22 or similar one-way friction grip device and an outer guide member 23 holding the Timmerman ; clip 22 and ha~ing a conical guide opening 23a to guide the pin 14-15 into and through the Timmerman clip. The exterior of the guide member 23 may be conical in shape as shown or be provided with an external flange or similar device for holding it in the concrete cast around it.
The pin 19 is inserted through guide opening 23a, through the opening in Timmerman clip 22 into the receptacle opening until the two segments abut. The Timmerman clip 22 engages the exterior pin 19 to prevent its removal and this locks the two adjacent segments tightly together.
In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 8, the pins 14' and 15' are in the form of hollow split pipes which are preferably filled with plastic resin. The socket is preferably - of double frusto conical or hour-glass shape 30 having an inner -- cap 31 with a central conical expander 32. The socket 30 and ~` cap 31 are cast into the concrete segment. The pipe pin is cast into an adjacent segment and the pipe is forced into the socket 30 onto toothed expander 32 causing the split pipe end to be expanded within the socket 30 around toothed expander 32 and forcing the plastic resin to expand within the socket.
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In F'igure 9 we have illustrated another form o~
expanded pipe end structure similar to that of Figure 8, with a somewhat different form of expander device 40, which may be inserted in the end of the hollow split pipe to expand the same ~hen inserted in the socket 30'.
In Figure 10 we have illustrated a device in which pins 14'' and 15l' enter a socket made up of an inner cylinder hollow cup 50 containing a two part plastic bag 51 having plastic resin and hardener in separate portions thereof. A
guide member 52 having a frusto conical opening 53 acts to guide pins 14" and 15l' into their respecti~e receptacle 50 to puncture the resin and hardener bags and cause them to intermix and be forced around the periphery of the pin in the socket so as to set up and hold the same in place. An annular flange 54 on the guide member holds it against removal from the cast concrete segment.
Figure 11 is essentially the same structure as shown in Figure 7 except that a plastic two part bag containing resin and hardener, as in Figure 1~, is inserted in receptacle 20 to be punctured by inserting pin 14'l' or 15l'' therein. This causes the resin and hardener to be intermi~ed and forced around the pin and socket interior. This provides both additional holding power and protection against corosion of ~he metal parts.
The form illustrated in Figure 12 provides pins ~4'''' and 15'''' having a resilient locking ring 60 intermediate the ends of the portion extending out of the segment. The locking rin~ 60 is compressed by the frusto conical guide opening 61 in socket 62 permitting the pin to be inserted through the opening 63 into the inner receptacle 1 ~ ~3 ~ 3 ~
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portion 64 of the socket where ring 60 expands to a diameter, intermediate the original and the compressed diameters ; preventing its removal and urging the pin into socket 62.
The form of liner segment connector illustrated in Figures 13, 14 and 15 provides an elongate cylindrical plastic (e.g. ABS) locking member having a cylindrical head 70 with a reduced shoulder 71 and a second reduced portion formed by reduced body portion 76 engaging and connected in a metal protective cylinder 72. The head 70 has a frusto conical opening 73 leading to a cylindrical passage 74 between elongate legs 75 formed by slitting a reduced body portion 76 extending axially from head 70. When a pin 14''''' or 15''''' is inserted into frusto conical opening 73 it is guided into passage 74 expanding the plastic around it which in turn frictionally engages the pin preventing its removal except with the use of substantial force. Preferably the end of metal cylinder 72 opposite head 70 is closed by a cap 77 which may be plastic or metal.
In the foregoing specification we have set out certain preferred practices and embodiments of our invention, however, i~ will be understood that this invention may be otherwise embodied within the scope of the following claims.
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can be staggered as shown in Figure 6. Preferably the segment ends are provided with interfitting tongues and grooves 18 and 19.
The pins 14 and 15 may be solid pins as shown in Figure 7 which are cast into the concrete of the liner seyment at one end, leaving the other end extending from the sidewall of the segment. The sockets in such case are pre~erably made of an inner cylindrical receptacle 20 having a conical opening 21 carrying a Timmerman clip 22 or similar one-way friction grip device and an outer guide member 23 holding the Timmerman ; clip 22 and ha~ing a conical guide opening 23a to guide the pin 14-15 into and through the Timmerman clip. The exterior of the guide member 23 may be conical in shape as shown or be provided with an external flange or similar device for holding it in the concrete cast around it.
The pin 19 is inserted through guide opening 23a, through the opening in Timmerman clip 22 into the receptacle opening until the two segments abut. The Timmerman clip 22 engages the exterior pin 19 to prevent its removal and this locks the two adjacent segments tightly together.
In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 8, the pins 14' and 15' are in the form of hollow split pipes which are preferably filled with plastic resin. The socket is preferably - of double frusto conical or hour-glass shape 30 having an inner -- cap 31 with a central conical expander 32. The socket 30 and ~` cap 31 are cast into the concrete segment. The pipe pin is cast into an adjacent segment and the pipe is forced into the socket 30 onto toothed expander 32 causing the split pipe end to be expanded within the socket 30 around toothed expander 32 and forcing the plastic resin to expand within the socket.
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In F'igure 9 we have illustrated another form o~
expanded pipe end structure similar to that of Figure 8, with a somewhat different form of expander device 40, which may be inserted in the end of the hollow split pipe to expand the same ~hen inserted in the socket 30'.
In Figure 10 we have illustrated a device in which pins 14'' and 15l' enter a socket made up of an inner cylinder hollow cup 50 containing a two part plastic bag 51 having plastic resin and hardener in separate portions thereof. A
guide member 52 having a frusto conical opening 53 acts to guide pins 14" and 15l' into their respecti~e receptacle 50 to puncture the resin and hardener bags and cause them to intermix and be forced around the periphery of the pin in the socket so as to set up and hold the same in place. An annular flange 54 on the guide member holds it against removal from the cast concrete segment.
Figure 11 is essentially the same structure as shown in Figure 7 except that a plastic two part bag containing resin and hardener, as in Figure 1~, is inserted in receptacle 20 to be punctured by inserting pin 14'l' or 15l'' therein. This causes the resin and hardener to be intermi~ed and forced around the pin and socket interior. This provides both additional holding power and protection against corosion of ~he metal parts.
The form illustrated in Figure 12 provides pins ~4'''' and 15'''' having a resilient locking ring 60 intermediate the ends of the portion extending out of the segment. The locking rin~ 60 is compressed by the frusto conical guide opening 61 in socket 62 permitting the pin to be inserted through the opening 63 into the inner receptacle 1 ~ ~3 ~ 3 ~
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portion 64 of the socket where ring 60 expands to a diameter, intermediate the original and the compressed diameters ; preventing its removal and urging the pin into socket 62.
The form of liner segment connector illustrated in Figures 13, 14 and 15 provides an elongate cylindrical plastic (e.g. ABS) locking member having a cylindrical head 70 with a reduced shoulder 71 and a second reduced portion formed by reduced body portion 76 engaging and connected in a metal protective cylinder 72. The head 70 has a frusto conical opening 73 leading to a cylindrical passage 74 between elongate legs 75 formed by slitting a reduced body portion 76 extending axially from head 70. When a pin 14''''' or 15''''' is inserted into frusto conical opening 73 it is guided into passage 74 expanding the plastic around it which in turn frictionally engages the pin preventing its removal except with the use of substantial force. Preferably the end of metal cylinder 72 opposite head 70 is closed by a cap 77 which may be plastic or metal.
In the foregoing specification we have set out certain preferred practices and embodiments of our invention, however, i~ will be understood that this invention may be otherwise embodied within the scope of the following claims.
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Claims (29)
1. A tunnel liner segment comprising a formed body having two end walls and two substantially parallel sidewalls, at least two pins extending from one sidewall intermediate its length in the median plane of the body and transverse to said sidewall, a like number of openings in the other sidewall each adapted to receive one of said at least two pins from two adjacent interfitting segments and locking means in said opening permitting insertion of said at least two pins in said openings of adjacent segments and lockingly engaging the same against removal and urging said two adjacent segments into tight end to end engagement.
2. A tunnel liner segment as claimed in claim 1 wherein the locking means is a friction locking member fixed in said opening.
3. A tunnel liner segment as claimed in claim 2 wherein the friction locking member is a Timmerman clip fixed against removal in an annular recess intermediate the ends of said opening.
4. A tunnel liner segment as claimed in claim 1 wherein said opening includes an inner cylindrical receptacle means and a outer guide means, at least one annular groove between the receptacle means and guide means and a Timmerman clip held in said at least one groove.
5. A tunnel liner segment as claimed in claim 1 wherein the pin is hollow and split on the end extending from the sidewall and the opening includes an annular restriction intermediate the ends of the opening and a conical expander member in the interior of the opening acting to expand the split end of the pin inside the annular restriction to prevent its removal from the opening.
6. A tunnel liner segment as claimed in claim 1 wherein the locking means is an elongate plastic cylinder having an axial passage, a frusto conical guide opening at one end and a pluarlity of slits at the other end forming axial gripping fingers.
7. A tunnel liner segment as claimed in claim 1 wherein the opening is filled with a fracturable container of hardenable plastic resin components which is fractured by insertion of a pin to mix the resin and cause it to set around the pin in the openings.
8. A tunnel liner as claimed in claim 2 or 3 or 4 including a fracturable container of hardenable plastic resin components which is fractured by insertion of a pin to mix the resin and cause it to set around the pin in the opening.
9. A tunnel liner segment as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 wherein the liner segment is made of reinforced concrete.
10. A tunnel liner segment as claimed in claim 2 or 3 or 4 wherein the liner segment is made of reinforced concrete and each opening is filled with a fracturable container of hardenable plastic resin components which is fractured by insertion of a pin to mix the resin and cause it to set around the pin in the openings.
11. A tunnel liner segment as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 wherein one sidewall is provided with two pins and the other sidewall is provided with two openings.
12. A tunnel liner segment as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 wherein one end wall is provided with a tongue and the other end wall with a like contoured groove.
13. A tunnel lining ring made up of a combination of parallelogram and trapezoidal shaped liner segments, each segment having two end walls and two parallel sidewalls, at least one pin extending from one sidewall intermediate its length in the median plane of the segment and transverse to said sidewall, a like number of openings in the other sidewall adapted to receive said at least one pin from an adjacent interfitting segment and locking means in said opening permitting insertion of said at least one pin in said opening and lockingly engaging the same against removal.
14. A tunnel liner ring as claimed in claim 13 wherein the end walls have interfitting tongued and groove portions.
15. A tunnel liner ring as claimed in claim 13 or 14 wherein one side wall of each segment has at least two trans-verse pins extending therefrom on the median plane and the other side has a like number of mating openings on the median plane, and locking means in each opening permitting insertion of a pin from a next adjacent segment therein and lockingly engaging the same against removal.
16. A tunnel liner ring as claimed in claim 13 or 14 wherein the locking means is a friction locking member.
17. A tunnel liner ring as, claimed in claim 13 or 14 wherein the locking means is a Timmerman clip held in an annular recess in the opening.
18. A tunnel liner ring as claimed in claim 13 or 14 wherein the pin is hollow and split on the end extending from the sidewall and the opening includes an annular restriction intermediate the ends of the opening and a conical expander member in the interior of the opening acting to expand the split end of the pin inside the annular restriction to prevent its removal from the opening.
19. A tunnel liner ring as claimed in claim 13 or 14 wherein the opening is filled with a fracturable container of hardenable plastic resin components which is fractured by insertion of a pin to mix the resin and cause it to set around the pin in the openings,
20. A tunnel liner ring as claimed in claim 13 or 14 wherein the locking means is an elongate plastic cylinder having an axial passage, a frusto conical guide opening at one end and a plurality of slits at the other end forming axial gripping fingers.
21. A tunnel liner ring as claimed in claim 13 or 14 wherein the locking means is an elongate plastic cylinder having an axial bore therethrough and split at one end to a point intermediate the length thereof, an enlarged head on the opposite end having a frusto conical guide opening terminating in said bore and an outer cylindrical shell spaced from said cylinder and fixed to said head.
22. A tunnel liner as claimed in claim 5 or 6 including a fracturable container of hardened plastic resin components which is fractured by insertion of a pin to mix the resin and cause it to set around the pin in the opening.
23. A tunnel liner as claimed in claim 4 or 5 or 6 wherein the liner segment is made of reinforced concrete.
24. A tunnel liner as claimed in claim 7 wherein the liner segment is made of reinforced concrete.
25. A tunnel liner segment as claimed in claim 4 or 5 or 6 wherein the liner segment is made of reinforced concrete and each opening is filled with a fracturable container of hardenable plastic resin components which is fractured by insertion of a pin to mix the resin and cause it to set around the pin in the openings.
26. A tunnel liner segment as claimed in claim 4 or 5 or 6 wherein one sidewall is provided with two pins and the other sidewall is provided with two openings.
27. A tunnel liner segment as claimed in claim 7 wherein one sidewall is provided with two pins and the other sidewall is provided with two openings.
28. A tunnel liner segment as claimed in claim 4 or 5 or 6 wherein one end wall is provided with a tongue and the other end wall with a like contoured groove.
29. A tunnel liner as claimed in claim 7 wherein one end wall is provided with a tongue and the other end wall with a like contoured groove.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US29102481A | 1981-08-07 | 1981-08-07 | |
| US291,024 | 1988-12-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1168882A true CA1168882A (en) | 1984-06-12 |
Family
ID=23118508
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000408307A Expired CA1168882A (en) | 1981-08-07 | 1982-07-28 | Method and apparatus for tunnel lining |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE894051A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1168882A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH654066A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3229470C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2511076B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2103684B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1189332B (en) |
Families Citing this family (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4477204A (en) * | 1983-01-17 | 1984-10-16 | Clarence J. Rohde | Cast concrete element for underground tubular structure |
| DE3332242A1 (en) * | 1983-09-07 | 1985-03-28 | Dyckerhoff & Widmann AG, 8000 München | TUBULAR UNDERGROUND CAVE, LIKE TRAFFIC TUNNEL, PIPELINE OR THE LIKE |
| GB2147639A (en) * | 1983-10-10 | 1985-05-15 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh | Lining of shaped elements |
| GB8726575D0 (en) * | 1987-11-13 | 1987-12-16 | Fairlough Civil Eng Ltd | Tunnel linings |
| AT395893B (en) * | 1990-01-10 | 1993-03-25 | Mayreder Kraus & Co Ing | FASTENING DEVICE FOR CONNECTING COMPONENTS |
| AT397543B (en) * | 1992-02-21 | 1994-04-25 | Mayreder Kraus & Co Ing | TUNNEL EXPANSION IN TUBING DESIGN |
| AT397983B (en) * | 1992-05-29 | 1994-08-25 | Mayreder Kraus & Co Ing | TUNNEL EXPANSION IN TUBING DESIGN |
| GB9322603D0 (en) * | 1993-11-02 | 1993-12-22 | Buchan C V Ltd | Device for jointing two members together |
| FR2715189B1 (en) * | 1994-01-14 | 1996-04-05 | Tuyaux Bonna | Pair of combined segments for the realization of a tunnel and segments of such a pair. |
| DE4443046C2 (en) * | 1994-12-05 | 1997-03-20 | Holzmann Philipp Ag | Tubbing arrangement for lining tunnels |
| FR2737535B1 (en) * | 1995-08-04 | 1997-10-03 | Soc D Tuyaux Bonna | DEVICE FOR MUTUAL BROACHING OF TWO CUSHIONS |
| FR2739119B1 (en) * | 1995-09-26 | 2000-12-22 | Stradal Sa | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR JOINING TWO CONCRETE ELEMENTS |
| AT404158B (en) * | 1995-12-14 | 1998-09-25 | Git Tunnelbau Gmbh | Segment for lining cavities |
| DE59607315D1 (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 2001-08-23 | Git Tunnelbau Gmbh | CAVITY LINING SEGMENT |
| GB9615186D0 (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 1996-09-04 | Buchan C V Ltd | Connecting device for connecting concrete segments |
| FR2754839B1 (en) * | 1996-10-18 | 1998-12-24 | Campenon Bernard Sge | METHOD FOR FIXING A CONCRETE ELEMENT, ELEMENT, RING AND ASSEMBLY THUS OBTAINED |
| JP2000054795A (en) * | 1998-08-11 | 2000-02-22 | Ohbayashi Corp | Segment |
| DE10114616A1 (en) * | 2001-03-23 | 2002-10-02 | Hochtief Ag Hoch Tiefbauten | Tubbing, especially high-performance tubbing |
| DE102009001749B4 (en) * | 2009-03-23 | 2011-05-19 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Connection device and method for creating a connection |
| CN107503766A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2017-12-22 | 天津大学 | A kind of shield tunnel staggered joint erection method |
Family Cites Families (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH118056A (en) * | 1925-08-03 | 1926-12-16 | Hugo Drotschmann | Device for connecting bodies which have mutually opposite, spaced apart fastening surfaces. |
| US1969810A (en) * | 1931-11-19 | 1934-08-14 | Mcalpine Malcolm | Tunnel lining |
| US2321158A (en) * | 1942-04-08 | 1943-06-08 | Illinois Tool Works | Connector |
| US3007726A (en) * | 1959-12-03 | 1961-11-07 | United Carr Fastener Corp | Fastening devices |
| FR1268184A (en) * | 1960-09-22 | 1961-07-28 | Het Spoorwegbouwbedrijf Nv | Improvement in fixing ankles |
| FR1386063A (en) * | 1963-03-20 | 1965-01-15 | Method and device for gluing dowels or plugs inside holes made in masonry | |
| FR1388412A (en) * | 1963-04-11 | 1965-02-05 | Device for gluing plastic trampons in their receiving hole | |
| US3438659A (en) * | 1967-05-15 | 1969-04-15 | Howard Lawrence Waldron | Dowel type fastener with shear collar |
| GB1232299A (en) * | 1968-09-24 | 1971-05-19 | ||
| DE1811608A1 (en) * | 1968-11-29 | 1970-06-11 | Wayss & Freytag Ag | Segment lining for tunnels or galleries |
| FR1595305A (en) * | 1968-12-18 | 1970-06-08 | ||
| DE1902066C3 (en) * | 1969-01-16 | 1974-04-18 | Upat-Max Langensiepen Kg, 7830 Emmendingen | Fastening element for connecting components |
| US3566739A (en) * | 1969-02-07 | 1971-03-02 | Charles S Lebar | Anchoring device |
| FR2064487A5 (en) * | 1969-09-16 | 1971-07-23 | Sonofam | |
| US3645102A (en) * | 1970-12-28 | 1972-02-29 | Commercial Shearing | Telescoping lining and support structure and method for lining tunnels and shafts |
| JPS4825343A (en) * | 1971-08-07 | 1973-04-02 | ||
| FR2273120A1 (en) * | 1974-05-31 | 1975-12-26 | Fix Brevets | Precast prestressed concrete tunnel lining blocks - keyed together to form self-supporting arch structure to tunnel dimensions |
| DE2457427A1 (en) * | 1974-12-05 | 1976-06-10 | Wayss & Freytag Ag | Tunnel or shaft hoop support liner - uses snap-lock bush and bolts transfer shield force to linr for placement |
| DE2525579A1 (en) * | 1975-06-09 | 1976-12-30 | Hilti Ag | ADHESIVE ANCHORS |
| US4104885A (en) * | 1976-06-21 | 1978-08-08 | Fairclough Construction Group Limited | Tunnel lining |
| DE2741092A1 (en) * | 1977-09-13 | 1979-03-22 | Klaesener Presswerk Gmbh | Expanding shell mine strata-bolt - has wedges both sides of head held by ring and splayed by spring, to key into hole |
| DE2928229A1 (en) * | 1979-07-12 | 1981-02-05 | Beton & Monierbau Gmbh | Tunnel or mine gallery tubbing ring blocks - have faces angled so that any one can be ridge closing block |
-
1982
- 1982-07-26 GB GB08221510A patent/GB2103684B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-07-28 CA CA000408307A patent/CA1168882A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-08-04 IT IT48933/82A patent/IT1189332B/en active
- 1982-08-06 FR FR8213797A patent/FR2511076B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-08-06 DE DE3229470A patent/DE3229470C2/en not_active Expired
- 1982-08-06 BE BE0/208765A patent/BE894051A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-08-06 CH CH4755/82A patent/CH654066A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2103684A (en) | 1983-02-23 |
| DE3229470C2 (en) | 1986-09-04 |
| FR2511076A1 (en) | 1983-02-11 |
| GB2103684B (en) | 1985-09-04 |
| IT8248933A0 (en) | 1982-08-04 |
| CH654066A5 (en) | 1986-01-31 |
| DE3229470A1 (en) | 1983-03-10 |
| BE894051A (en) | 1982-12-01 |
| FR2511076B1 (en) | 1988-02-26 |
| IT1189332B (en) | 1988-02-04 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |