CA1168531A - Spark igniter - Google Patents
Spark igniterInfo
- Publication number
- CA1168531A CA1168531A CA000361828A CA361828A CA1168531A CA 1168531 A CA1168531 A CA 1168531A CA 000361828 A CA000361828 A CA 000361828A CA 361828 A CA361828 A CA 361828A CA 1168531 A CA1168531 A CA 1168531A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- igniter
- ground electrode
- inserts
- metal shell
- insulator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/52—Sparking plugs characterised by a discharge along a surface
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/46—Sparking plugs having two or more spark gaps
- H01T13/467—Sparking plugs having two or more spark gaps in parallel connection
Landscapes
- Spark Plugs (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A spark igniter is disclosed. The igniter comprises a metal shell having a firing end which terminates at its lower end in an annular ground electrode, an insulator, a center electrode and a plurality of inserts em-bedded within and bonded to the metal shell. The insulator is sealed within the metal shell and has a central bore within which the center electrode is sealed and a surface extending inwardly toward the bore from the ground elec-trode. The center electrode has a firing end which is in spark gap relation with the ground electrode of the metal shell and is so positioned that a spark discharge between the firing end and the ground electrode occurs along the inwardly extending surface of the insulator. The inserts are composed of an oxidation and erosion resistant material, for example iridium, platinum, rho-dium, ruthenium, osmium, tungsten or an alloy or ductile alloy of one of the foregoing metals.
A spark igniter is disclosed. The igniter comprises a metal shell having a firing end which terminates at its lower end in an annular ground electrode, an insulator, a center electrode and a plurality of inserts em-bedded within and bonded to the metal shell. The insulator is sealed within the metal shell and has a central bore within which the center electrode is sealed and a surface extending inwardly toward the bore from the ground elec-trode. The center electrode has a firing end which is in spark gap relation with the ground electrode of the metal shell and is so positioned that a spark discharge between the firing end and the ground electrode occurs along the inwardly extending surface of the insulator. The inserts are composed of an oxidation and erosion resistant material, for example iridium, platinum, rho-dium, ruthenium, osmium, tungsten or an alloy or ductile alloy of one of the foregoing metals.
Description
;
The present invention relates to a spark igniter of the type used in turbine engines, including aircraft jet engines. Such igniters are fre-quently surface gap spark plugs in which a high energy spark discharge occurs between a center electrode and a ground electrode, traveling along the surface of a ceramic member. The spark discharge in such igniters is of the "high energy" type because of the nature of the ignition system used to cause spa-rk-ing, the system including a condenser which is charged as the voltage applied thereto and across the igniter increases; when the applied voltage becomes sufficiently large to cause a spark discharge the electrical energy stored by the capacitor is discharged, flowing across the spark gap. The stored energy in capacitor discharge ignition systems that are used with jet aircraft en-gines is usually at least one joule.
Electrode erosion has been a problem with spark igniters used with turbine engines for jet aircraft, sometimes constituting the limiting condi-tion with respect to igniter life. Problem erosion of both the center elec-trode and the ground electrode occurs in igniters used with turbine engines.
A solution to the problem of electrode erosion in such igniters is suggested in United States Patent No. 3,691,419, Van Uum et al; this patent discloses an igniter of the type in question having a center electrode with a firing end made of spark resistant metal such as tungsten and a ground electrode having a ductile iridium ring welded therein and positioned so that it is immediately adjacent the spark gap. In the igniter of the Van Uum et al patent the ground electrode to which the iridium ring is welded is a portion of the metal shell of the igniter, a common structure.
It has been found that iridium and other precious metal rings, if they can be obtained at all, are extremely expensive. On the basis of price quotations that have been received, it has been estimated that the use of an . ~ --1--,, ~
11~8531 iridium ring of the type suggested by the Van Uum et al patent in an igniter that is presently commercially available would approximately double the cost of that igniter. It has also been found that the differences in thermal ex-pansion characteristics between iridium and the nickel alloys comrnonly used as ground electrode materials therein can cause catastrophic failure of ig-niters of the type suggested by Van Uum et al.
Various suggestions* have also been made for reducing electrode erosion in conventional spark plugs where the spark discharge occurs through a gas-filled gap between center and ground electrodes. What it calls a spark plug with "a multiplici~y of semi-surface spark gaps" is also suggested in United States Patent No. 2,591,71~ to Paul; this patent discloses a structure wherein a center electrode terminates flush with an insulator end and is in spark gap relation along the insulator end with four rod-type electrodes each of which just touches the insulator surface.
The instant invention is based upon the discovery of a spark igniter which does not require the expensive and difficult to obtain iridium ring of the spark plug suggested by the Van Uum et al patent, but which has substan-tially equivalent resistance to electrode erosion. In a preferred embodiment the configuration of the spark igniter of the instant invention minimizes the stresses which occur as a consequence of different coefficients of thermal expansion between an insert of an oxidation and erosion resistant material such as iridium and an annular ground electrode containing the insert.
According to the invention there is provided an igniter comprising a metal shell having a firing end which terminates at its lower end in an * See, for example, United States Patents 2,391,455; 2,391,456; 2,391,458;
The present invention relates to a spark igniter of the type used in turbine engines, including aircraft jet engines. Such igniters are fre-quently surface gap spark plugs in which a high energy spark discharge occurs between a center electrode and a ground electrode, traveling along the surface of a ceramic member. The spark discharge in such igniters is of the "high energy" type because of the nature of the ignition system used to cause spa-rk-ing, the system including a condenser which is charged as the voltage applied thereto and across the igniter increases; when the applied voltage becomes sufficiently large to cause a spark discharge the electrical energy stored by the capacitor is discharged, flowing across the spark gap. The stored energy in capacitor discharge ignition systems that are used with jet aircraft en-gines is usually at least one joule.
Electrode erosion has been a problem with spark igniters used with turbine engines for jet aircraft, sometimes constituting the limiting condi-tion with respect to igniter life. Problem erosion of both the center elec-trode and the ground electrode occurs in igniters used with turbine engines.
A solution to the problem of electrode erosion in such igniters is suggested in United States Patent No. 3,691,419, Van Uum et al; this patent discloses an igniter of the type in question having a center electrode with a firing end made of spark resistant metal such as tungsten and a ground electrode having a ductile iridium ring welded therein and positioned so that it is immediately adjacent the spark gap. In the igniter of the Van Uum et al patent the ground electrode to which the iridium ring is welded is a portion of the metal shell of the igniter, a common structure.
It has been found that iridium and other precious metal rings, if they can be obtained at all, are extremely expensive. On the basis of price quotations that have been received, it has been estimated that the use of an . ~ --1--,, ~
11~8531 iridium ring of the type suggested by the Van Uum et al patent in an igniter that is presently commercially available would approximately double the cost of that igniter. It has also been found that the differences in thermal ex-pansion characteristics between iridium and the nickel alloys comrnonly used as ground electrode materials therein can cause catastrophic failure of ig-niters of the type suggested by Van Uum et al.
Various suggestions* have also been made for reducing electrode erosion in conventional spark plugs where the spark discharge occurs through a gas-filled gap between center and ground electrodes. What it calls a spark plug with "a multiplici~y of semi-surface spark gaps" is also suggested in United States Patent No. 2,591,71~ to Paul; this patent discloses a structure wherein a center electrode terminates flush with an insulator end and is in spark gap relation along the insulator end with four rod-type electrodes each of which just touches the insulator surface.
The instant invention is based upon the discovery of a spark igniter which does not require the expensive and difficult to obtain iridium ring of the spark plug suggested by the Van Uum et al patent, but which has substan-tially equivalent resistance to electrode erosion. In a preferred embodiment the configuration of the spark igniter of the instant invention minimizes the stresses which occur as a consequence of different coefficients of thermal expansion between an insert of an oxidation and erosion resistant material such as iridium and an annular ground electrode containing the insert.
According to the invention there is provided an igniter comprising a metal shell having a firing end which terminates at its lower end in an * See, for example, United States Patents 2,391,455; 2,391,456; 2,391,458;
2,470,033 (all to Hensel); and 2,344,597 ~to Chaston et al). The Chaston et all patent discloses a ground electrode made of a molybdenum platinum alloy wire which constitutes an insert in the metal shell of a convention-al spark plug.
1 1~8~31 annular ground electrode, an insulator sealed within said metal shell and having a central bore and a surface extending inwardly toward the bore from the ground electrode, a center electrode sealed within the bore of said in-sulator and having a firing end which is in spark gap relation with the ground electrode of said metal shell and so positioned that a spark discharge between the firing end and the ground electrode occurs along the inwardly extending surface of said insulator, and a plurality of oxidation and erosion resistant inserts, each of said inserts comprising a body embedded within and bonded to said metal shell and having an exposed surface which extends inwardly from the ground electrode toward the firing end of said center electrode.
In the accompanying drawings:
Figure 1 is a view in elevation, partially in section, of an igniter according to the instant invention.
Figure 2 is an end view of the igniter of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a plan view of an assembly that is used in producing the igniter of Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 4 is a vertical sectional view of the assembly of Figure 3, taken along the line 4-4.
Figure 5 is a view in vertical section of a shell assembly which is a part of the igniter of Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 6 is a side view of an insert which is a part of the igniter of Figures 1 and 2 and of the assemblies of Figures 3-5.
Figure 7 is an end view of the insert of Figure 6.
Figure ~ is a view in vertical section of the metal shell of an ig-niter similar to that of Figures 1 and 2, but constituting another embodiment of an igniter according to the invention.
Figure 9 is an end view of the metal shell of Figure 8.
1 ~8~3~
. Figure 10 is a plan view of an insert which is a part of the metal shell of Figures 8 and 9.
~ Figure 11 is an end view of the insert of Figure 10.
Figure 12 is a view in vertical section of the shell of still another ~:~ embodiment of an igniter according to the present invention.
Figure 13 is an end view of the shell of Figure 12.
An igniter according to the instant invention is indicated generally ` at 21 in Figures 1 and 2. The igniter 21 comprises a metal shell 22 having a , firing end 23 which terminates at its lower end in an annular ground electrode ~; ~ 10 having a surface 24 (Figure 2~ which is in spark gap relation with a center electrode 25. There are four iridium inserts 26 in the annular ground elec-trode at the firing end 23 of the igniter 21. The inserts 26 extend radially ~?; inwardly beyond the surface 24 of the annular ground electrode toward the cen-ter electrode 25. The iridium inserts 26 are rectangular in cross section (Figure 6) and are embedded within and bonded to, for example by a brazing operation, the firing end 23 ~Figures 1 and S) of the metal shell 22.
The igniter 21 also includes a lower insulator 27 (Figure 1) and an upper insulator 28. The lower insulator 27 is sealed within the metal .~ shelI 22, while the upper insulator 28 is sealed within a composite upper ~; 20 shell 29. The upper shell 29 comprises an outer shell part 30 which engages the shell 22 as indicated generally at 31 and is threaded at 32 to an inner ;.
. shell part 33. The lower insulator 27 is sealed to the shell 22 by a body 34 of compacted talc, while the upper insulator 28 is sealed to the outer shell 30 by a body 35 of talc which is compacted by an end 36 of the inner ~ shell 33. The outer shell 30 is threaded at 37 for engagement with a turbine .~ engine while the inner shell 33 is threaded at 38 for engagement with an ig-nition harness of the turbine engine. The igniter 21 also includes a terminal . --4--.
., :
~, , ~:' 1 16853~
39 which is threaded into the upper insulator 28 and is in electrical contact with the center electrode 25.
As best seen in Figure 3, the metal shell 22 with the iridium in-serts 26 embedded therein and bonded thereto can readily be produced by brazing or otherwise bonding a sub-assembly 40 to a cooperating shell part (not illustrated) to produce the shell 22. The sub-assembly 40 comprises an annular ring 41 in which the iridium inserts 26 are staked by arms 42 in rec-tangular slots in a surface 43 thereof. When the assembly 40 is brazed or otherwise bonded to the cooperating part (not illustrated) to produce the shell 22, the annular ring 41 becomes an integral part of the shell 22 and, simultaneously, the iridium inserts 26 are bonded within and to the shell 22.
A spark igniter according to the invention can also be produced by substituting a shell 54, Figures 8 and 9 for the identically shaped shell 22 in the igniter 21 of Figure 1. Referring again to Figures 8 and 9, the shell 54 is made of inconel or other suitable nickel alloy, and has iridium inserts 55 brazed or otherwise bonded in bores 56 of the shell 54. As best seen in Figures 10 and 11, the inserts 55 are cylindrical in shape, matching the bores 56.
An igniter according to the instant invention can also be produced from a shell 571 Figures 12 and 13 having iridium inserts 58 brazed or other-wise bonded in slots 59 which are adjacent the firing end 60 thereof. The inserts 58 are rectangular in cross section, having the same configuration as the inserts 39 of Figures 6 and 7.
The shell 22 of the igniter 21, Figure 1, and the shells 54 and 57 of Figures 8 and 12, have grooves 61 extending longitudinally thereof adjacent their respective firing ends. These slots 61 are frequently used in igniters to facilitate cooling thereof and form no part of the instant invention.
It will be apparent that various changes and modifications can be made from the specific details of the igniter shown in the attached drawings and described in connection therewith without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. For example, while the invention has been shown and described in connection with an igniter hav-ing iridium inserts adjacent its firing end, inserts made of any other oxida-tion and erosion resistant material can also be used. The most common mater-ials having the requisite degree of oxidation and erosion resistance, in addition to iridium, are platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, osmium, alloys and ductile alloys of the named metals and, for service where it is not heated to temperatures higher than about 1000F., tungsten and its alloys and ductile alloys. Because of their refractory nature, parts composed of the named metals are frequently made by powder metallurgical techniques and may be comparatively brittle immediately after sintering. Such brittleness can usually be reduced to acceptable limits by working the parts at comparatively low temperatures, for example in the vicinity of 2000F. It is sometimes desirable to increase the ductility of such materials; this can be done by producing so-called ductile alloys: refractory metal powders are blended with other metal powders, for example nickel and copper or nickel and iron, which form a comparatively low melting phase which, upon firing, bonds the refractory metal particles together, forming a matrix which is ductile by comparison with the pure refractory metal. Iridium is the preferred insert material, the embodiment of Figures 1-7 constituting the best mode presently known to the inventor.
1 1~8~31 annular ground electrode, an insulator sealed within said metal shell and having a central bore and a surface extending inwardly toward the bore from the ground electrode, a center electrode sealed within the bore of said in-sulator and having a firing end which is in spark gap relation with the ground electrode of said metal shell and so positioned that a spark discharge between the firing end and the ground electrode occurs along the inwardly extending surface of said insulator, and a plurality of oxidation and erosion resistant inserts, each of said inserts comprising a body embedded within and bonded to said metal shell and having an exposed surface which extends inwardly from the ground electrode toward the firing end of said center electrode.
In the accompanying drawings:
Figure 1 is a view in elevation, partially in section, of an igniter according to the instant invention.
Figure 2 is an end view of the igniter of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a plan view of an assembly that is used in producing the igniter of Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 4 is a vertical sectional view of the assembly of Figure 3, taken along the line 4-4.
Figure 5 is a view in vertical section of a shell assembly which is a part of the igniter of Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 6 is a side view of an insert which is a part of the igniter of Figures 1 and 2 and of the assemblies of Figures 3-5.
Figure 7 is an end view of the insert of Figure 6.
Figure ~ is a view in vertical section of the metal shell of an ig-niter similar to that of Figures 1 and 2, but constituting another embodiment of an igniter according to the invention.
Figure 9 is an end view of the metal shell of Figure 8.
1 ~8~3~
. Figure 10 is a plan view of an insert which is a part of the metal shell of Figures 8 and 9.
~ Figure 11 is an end view of the insert of Figure 10.
Figure 12 is a view in vertical section of the shell of still another ~:~ embodiment of an igniter according to the present invention.
Figure 13 is an end view of the shell of Figure 12.
An igniter according to the instant invention is indicated generally ` at 21 in Figures 1 and 2. The igniter 21 comprises a metal shell 22 having a , firing end 23 which terminates at its lower end in an annular ground electrode ~; ~ 10 having a surface 24 (Figure 2~ which is in spark gap relation with a center electrode 25. There are four iridium inserts 26 in the annular ground elec-trode at the firing end 23 of the igniter 21. The inserts 26 extend radially ~?; inwardly beyond the surface 24 of the annular ground electrode toward the cen-ter electrode 25. The iridium inserts 26 are rectangular in cross section (Figure 6) and are embedded within and bonded to, for example by a brazing operation, the firing end 23 ~Figures 1 and S) of the metal shell 22.
The igniter 21 also includes a lower insulator 27 (Figure 1) and an upper insulator 28. The lower insulator 27 is sealed within the metal .~ shelI 22, while the upper insulator 28 is sealed within a composite upper ~; 20 shell 29. The upper shell 29 comprises an outer shell part 30 which engages the shell 22 as indicated generally at 31 and is threaded at 32 to an inner ;.
. shell part 33. The lower insulator 27 is sealed to the shell 22 by a body 34 of compacted talc, while the upper insulator 28 is sealed to the outer shell 30 by a body 35 of talc which is compacted by an end 36 of the inner ~ shell 33. The outer shell 30 is threaded at 37 for engagement with a turbine .~ engine while the inner shell 33 is threaded at 38 for engagement with an ig-nition harness of the turbine engine. The igniter 21 also includes a terminal . --4--.
., :
~, , ~:' 1 16853~
39 which is threaded into the upper insulator 28 and is in electrical contact with the center electrode 25.
As best seen in Figure 3, the metal shell 22 with the iridium in-serts 26 embedded therein and bonded thereto can readily be produced by brazing or otherwise bonding a sub-assembly 40 to a cooperating shell part (not illustrated) to produce the shell 22. The sub-assembly 40 comprises an annular ring 41 in which the iridium inserts 26 are staked by arms 42 in rec-tangular slots in a surface 43 thereof. When the assembly 40 is brazed or otherwise bonded to the cooperating part (not illustrated) to produce the shell 22, the annular ring 41 becomes an integral part of the shell 22 and, simultaneously, the iridium inserts 26 are bonded within and to the shell 22.
A spark igniter according to the invention can also be produced by substituting a shell 54, Figures 8 and 9 for the identically shaped shell 22 in the igniter 21 of Figure 1. Referring again to Figures 8 and 9, the shell 54 is made of inconel or other suitable nickel alloy, and has iridium inserts 55 brazed or otherwise bonded in bores 56 of the shell 54. As best seen in Figures 10 and 11, the inserts 55 are cylindrical in shape, matching the bores 56.
An igniter according to the instant invention can also be produced from a shell 571 Figures 12 and 13 having iridium inserts 58 brazed or other-wise bonded in slots 59 which are adjacent the firing end 60 thereof. The inserts 58 are rectangular in cross section, having the same configuration as the inserts 39 of Figures 6 and 7.
The shell 22 of the igniter 21, Figure 1, and the shells 54 and 57 of Figures 8 and 12, have grooves 61 extending longitudinally thereof adjacent their respective firing ends. These slots 61 are frequently used in igniters to facilitate cooling thereof and form no part of the instant invention.
It will be apparent that various changes and modifications can be made from the specific details of the igniter shown in the attached drawings and described in connection therewith without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. For example, while the invention has been shown and described in connection with an igniter hav-ing iridium inserts adjacent its firing end, inserts made of any other oxida-tion and erosion resistant material can also be used. The most common mater-ials having the requisite degree of oxidation and erosion resistance, in addition to iridium, are platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, osmium, alloys and ductile alloys of the named metals and, for service where it is not heated to temperatures higher than about 1000F., tungsten and its alloys and ductile alloys. Because of their refractory nature, parts composed of the named metals are frequently made by powder metallurgical techniques and may be comparatively brittle immediately after sintering. Such brittleness can usually be reduced to acceptable limits by working the parts at comparatively low temperatures, for example in the vicinity of 2000F. It is sometimes desirable to increase the ductility of such materials; this can be done by producing so-called ductile alloys: refractory metal powders are blended with other metal powders, for example nickel and copper or nickel and iron, which form a comparatively low melting phase which, upon firing, bonds the refractory metal particles together, forming a matrix which is ductile by comparison with the pure refractory metal. Iridium is the preferred insert material, the embodiment of Figures 1-7 constituting the best mode presently known to the inventor.
Claims (4)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An igniter comprising a metal shell having a firing end which ter-minates at its lower end in an annular ground electrode, an insulator sealed within said metal shell and having a central bore and a surface extending in-wardly toward the bore from the ground electrode, a center electrode sealed within the bore of said insulator and having a firing end which is in spark gap relation with the ground electrode of said metal shell and so positioned that a spark discharge between the firing end and the ground electrode occurs along the inwardly extending surface of said insulator, and a plurality of oxidation and erosion resistant inserts, each of said inserts comprising a body embedded within and bonded to said metal shell and having an exposed surface which extends inwardly from the ground electrode toward the firing end of said center electrode.
2. An igniter as claimed in claim 1 wherein each of said oxidation and orosion resistant inserts is in the annular ground electrode of said shell and extends generally radially thereof.
3. An igniter as claimed in claim 2 wherein each of said inserts is composed of iridium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, osmium, tungsten or an alloy or a ductile alloy of any one of the foregoing metals.
4. An igniter as claimed in claim 2 wherein each of said inserts is composed of iridium.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US8675579A | 1979-10-22 | 1979-10-22 | |
| US86,755 | 1979-10-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1168531A true CA1168531A (en) | 1984-06-05 |
Family
ID=22200696
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000361828A Expired CA1168531A (en) | 1979-10-22 | 1980-10-08 | Spark igniter |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5667187A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU537242B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8006759A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1168531A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3036223A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2468234A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2060773B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1127892B (en) |
| MX (1) | MX148143A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ195331A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA805008B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106795589A (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2017-05-31 | 庄信万丰股份有限公司 | Rhodium alloy |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3619854A1 (en) * | 1986-06-12 | 1987-12-17 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | SPARK PLUG WITH GLIDING RANGE |
| DE3619938A1 (en) * | 1986-06-13 | 1987-12-17 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | SPARK PLUG FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
| GB8728491D0 (en) * | 1987-12-05 | 1988-01-13 | Smiths Industries Plc | Igniters |
| JPH01159986A (en) * | 1987-12-15 | 1989-06-22 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Ignitor plug |
| JP2877035B2 (en) * | 1995-06-15 | 1999-03-31 | 株式会社デンソー | Spark plug for internal combustion engine |
| US6262522B1 (en) | 1995-06-15 | 2001-07-17 | Denso Corporation | Spark plug for internal combustion engine |
| DE10005559A1 (en) * | 2000-02-09 | 2001-08-23 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Metal alloy with ruthenium and spark plug with this alloy |
| US6402057B1 (en) | 2000-08-24 | 2002-06-11 | Synerject, Llc | Air assist fuel injectors and method of assembling air assist fuel injectors |
| DE10252736B4 (en) * | 2002-11-13 | 2004-09-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | spark plug |
| DE102015207042A1 (en) | 2015-04-17 | 2016-10-20 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Spark plug electrode and method for its production |
| DE102015121862B4 (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2017-12-28 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Gmbh | spark plug |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2108525A (en) * | 1936-12-05 | 1938-02-15 | K L G Sparking Plugs Ltd | Sparking plug |
| GB525267A (en) * | 1939-01-19 | 1940-08-26 | Lodge Plugs Ltd | Improvements in or relating to sparking plug electrodes |
| US2344597A (en) * | 1941-03-18 | 1944-03-21 | Johnson Matthey Co Ltd | Electrode for sparking plugs |
| GB549768A (en) * | 1941-05-26 | 1942-12-04 | Bendix Aviat Corp | Improvements in or relating to sparking plugs and a method of making the same |
| US2391455A (en) * | 1943-06-22 | 1945-12-25 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Spark plug and electrode therefor |
| US2391456A (en) * | 1944-01-29 | 1945-12-25 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Spark plug electrode |
| US2391458A (en) * | 1944-03-14 | 1945-12-25 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Spark gap electrode |
| US2470033A (en) * | 1945-11-27 | 1949-05-10 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Spark plug |
| US2591718A (en) * | 1950-01-16 | 1952-04-08 | Edwin R Paul | Spark plug |
| US2586864A (en) * | 1950-08-22 | 1952-02-26 | John J Rose | Spark plug electrode |
| GB1129455A (en) * | 1964-09-30 | 1968-10-09 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Improvements in sparking plugs |
| FR1456736A (en) * | 1965-08-24 | 1966-07-08 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | High voltage, sliding spark combination spark plug |
| US3691419A (en) * | 1971-02-25 | 1972-09-12 | Gen Motors Corp | Igniter plug with improved electrode |
| US3868530A (en) * | 1973-07-05 | 1975-02-25 | Champion Spark Plug Co | Spark plug |
| US3958144A (en) * | 1973-10-01 | 1976-05-18 | Franks Harry E | Spark plug |
| DE2530368B2 (en) * | 1975-07-08 | 1979-07-19 | Friedrich Von Dipl.- Phys. Dr. 6370 Oberursel Stutterheim | spark plug |
-
1980
- 1980-08-14 ZA ZA00805008A patent/ZA805008B/en unknown
- 1980-09-22 JP JP13224280A patent/JPS5667187A/en active Granted
- 1980-09-25 DE DE19803036223 patent/DE3036223A1/en active Granted
- 1980-10-01 AU AU62857/80A patent/AU537242B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1980-10-08 CA CA000361828A patent/CA1168531A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-10-10 GB GB8032707A patent/GB2060773B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-10-13 MX MX184314A patent/MX148143A/en unknown
- 1980-10-20 IT IT49941/80A patent/IT1127892B/en active
- 1980-10-21 FR FR8022476A patent/FR2468234A1/en active Granted
- 1980-10-21 BR BR8006759A patent/BR8006759A/en unknown
- 1980-10-21 NZ NZ195331A patent/NZ195331A/en unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106795589A (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2017-05-31 | 庄信万丰股份有限公司 | Rhodium alloy |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NZ195331A (en) | 1984-08-24 |
| JPS5667187A (en) | 1981-06-06 |
| FR2468234B1 (en) | 1984-06-29 |
| JPH0410195B2 (en) | 1992-02-24 |
| GB2060773B (en) | 1983-10-26 |
| DE3036223A1 (en) | 1981-04-30 |
| AU6285780A (en) | 1981-04-30 |
| DE3036223C2 (en) | 1991-06-06 |
| IT8049941A0 (en) | 1980-10-20 |
| IT1127892B (en) | 1986-05-28 |
| AU537242B2 (en) | 1984-06-14 |
| BR8006759A (en) | 1981-04-28 |
| ZA805008B (en) | 1981-08-26 |
| GB2060773A (en) | 1981-05-07 |
| FR2468234A1 (en) | 1981-04-30 |
| MX148143A (en) | 1983-03-16 |
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