CA1167931A - Non-polarizable bioelectrode - Google Patents
Non-polarizable bioelectrodeInfo
- Publication number
- CA1167931A CA1167931A CA000391149A CA391149A CA1167931A CA 1167931 A CA1167931 A CA 1167931A CA 000391149 A CA000391149 A CA 000391149A CA 391149 A CA391149 A CA 391149A CA 1167931 A CA1167931 A CA 1167931A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- sensing element
- silver
- skin
- electrode
- oxidizing agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical group [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001457 metallic cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910019093 NaOCl Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 55
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 28
- UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chlorite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl=O UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 28
- 235000021251 pulses Nutrition 0.000 description 27
- 229960002218 sodium chlorite Drugs 0.000 description 21
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 17
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 16
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 14
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 5
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical compound OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910001919 chlorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052619 chlorite group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 4
- FZQSLXQPHPOTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [K+].[K+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 Chemical compound [K+].[K+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 FZQSLXQPHPOTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 4-hydroxybenzoate Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010040880 Skin irritation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PIJPYDMVFNTHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead sulfate Chemical compound [PbH4+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PIJPYDMVFNTHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036556 skin irritation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000475 skin irritation Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- PXLIDIMHPNPGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium chromate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O PXLIDIMHPNPGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWSSEYVMGDIFMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HWSSEYVMGDIFMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJFXRHURBJZNAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1 IJFXRHURBJZNAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001630921 Chlorida Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000861718 Chloris <Aves> Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052946 acanthite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012711 adhesive precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J dipotassium;tetrabromoplatinum(2-) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Pt+2] AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010339 medical test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001455 metallic ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000010270 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001487 potassium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MAPGNEIURJKIBS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium propane-1,2-diol chloride Chemical compound CC(CO)O.[Cl-].[K+] MAPGNEIURJKIBS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010232 propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940054334 silver cation Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XUARKZBEFFVFRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] XUARKZBEFFVFRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940056910 silver sulfide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBECUEIQVRDUKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M thallium monochloride Chemical compound [Tl]Cl GBECUEIQVRDUKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
- A61B5/263—Bioelectric electrodes therefor characterised by the electrode materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
- A61B5/263—Bioelectric electrodes therefor characterised by the electrode materials
- A61B5/265—Bioelectric electrodes therefor characterised by the electrode materials containing silver or silver chloride
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
- A61B5/263—Bioelectric electrodes therefor characterised by the electrode materials
- A61B5/266—Bioelectric electrodes therefor characterised by the electrode materials containing electrolytes, conductive gels or pastes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
- A61B5/279—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses
- A61B5/28—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electrocardiography [ECG]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
- A61B2562/0209—Special features of electrodes classified in A61B5/24, A61B5/25, A61B5/283, A61B5/291, A61B5/296, A61B5/053
- A61B2562/0215—Silver or silver chloride containing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
- A61B2562/0209—Special features of electrodes classified in A61B5/24, A61B5/25, A61B5/283, A61B5/291, A61B5/296, A61B5/053
- A61B2562/0217—Electrolyte containing
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
- Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/211,565 US4377170A (en) | 1980-12-01 | 1980-12-01 | Non-polarizable bioelectrode |
| US211,565 | 1980-12-01 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1167931A true CA1167931A (en) | 1984-05-22 |
Family
ID=22787446
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000391149A Expired CA1167931A (en) | 1980-12-01 | 1981-11-30 | Non-polarizable bioelectrode |
Country Status (10)
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61159937A (ja) * | 1985-01-08 | 1986-07-19 | 日東電工株式会社 | 電気信号の誘導方法 |
| US4852571A (en) * | 1987-09-03 | 1989-08-01 | Marquette Electronics | Disposable biopotential electrode |
| US4846185A (en) * | 1987-11-25 | 1989-07-11 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Bioelectrode having a galvanically active interfacing material |
| US5207950A (en) * | 1989-03-16 | 1993-05-04 | Ercon, Inc. | Polymer composition containing chlorided conductive particles |
| GB2257151A (en) * | 1991-06-24 | 1993-01-06 | Clinic Aid Ltd | Skin-contacting device containing conductive adhesive |
| US5217014A (en) * | 1991-11-04 | 1993-06-08 | Biofield Corp. | Depolarized pre-gelled electrodes |
| US5335667A (en) * | 1992-11-20 | 1994-08-09 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Method and apparatus for determining body composition using bioelectrical impedance |
| US5505200A (en) * | 1994-01-28 | 1996-04-09 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing | Biomedical conductor containing inorganic oxides and biomedical electrodes prepared therefrom |
| ATE256421T1 (de) * | 1999-05-25 | 2004-01-15 | Medicotest As | Hautelektrode |
| US6731965B2 (en) | 2001-06-20 | 2004-05-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Corrosion prevention in biomedical electrodes |
| US6898465B2 (en) * | 2001-10-17 | 2005-05-24 | The Ludlow Company Ip | Differential gel body for a medical stimulation electrode |
| WO2010051528A1 (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2010-05-06 | Siemens Water Technologies Corp. | Manifold block for reverse osmosis systems |
| US8271079B2 (en) * | 2009-03-24 | 2012-09-18 | Biospace Co., Ltd. | Method of analyzing body composition with measurement of voltage signals at multiple positions of body |
| US20100331659A1 (en) * | 2009-06-29 | 2010-12-30 | Sheraton Sr David A | Low artifact defibrillation electrode |
| CN108471972A (zh) | 2015-12-22 | 2018-08-31 | 3M创新有限公司 | 电极传感器及其生产工艺 |
| CN108472846B (zh) | 2015-12-22 | 2020-12-15 | 3M创新有限公司 | 用于生物电极的一体式传感器和用于生产的方法 |
| CN108471971B (zh) | 2015-12-22 | 2021-09-03 | 3M创新有限公司 | 用于生物医学电极的金属圈及其制备方法 |
| US11490846B2 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2022-11-08 | Tatsuta Electric Wire & Cable Co., Ltd. | Bioelectrode and method for producing bioelectrode |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3048549A (en) * | 1957-05-27 | 1962-08-07 | Carsbie C Adams | Electrode jelly |
| US3027333A (en) * | 1957-12-30 | 1962-03-27 | Burton Parsons Chemicals Inc | Electrically conductive emulsions |
| US3528408A (en) * | 1966-10-06 | 1970-09-15 | Berta Opperman | Chemical adhesive electrode |
| DE1564103C3 (de) * | 1966-12-31 | 1978-06-22 | Hellige Gmbh, 7800 Freiburg | Elektrolytisch leitende Paste zur Erniedrigung des Übergangwiderstandes an Körperelektroden für medizinische Anwendungen |
| US3567657A (en) * | 1968-05-29 | 1971-03-02 | Joseph Lichtenstein | Electrically conductive skin conditioning system |
| US3752151A (en) * | 1971-08-30 | 1973-08-14 | Texas Instruments Inc | Disposable medical electrode with laminate contact member |
| SU510246A1 (ru) | 1972-07-21 | 1976-04-15 | Институт медико-биологических проблем | Электродна паста "карбоцил" |
| US4002221A (en) * | 1972-09-19 | 1977-01-11 | Gilbert Buchalter | Method of transmitting ultrasonic impulses to surface using transducer coupling agent |
| DE2454567C3 (de) * | 1974-11-18 | 1979-09-27 | Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen | Signalabnahmesystem für elektrische Körpersignale |
| US4125110A (en) * | 1975-11-25 | 1978-11-14 | Hymes Alan C | Monitoring and stimulation electrode |
| US4114263A (en) * | 1977-03-14 | 1978-09-19 | Roman Szpur | Method of manufacturing medical electrodes |
| JPS5441582A (en) * | 1977-09-08 | 1979-04-02 | Tdk Electronics Co Ltd | Electrode for living body |
| US4215696A (en) * | 1978-03-20 | 1980-08-05 | Graphic Controls Corporation | Biomedical electrode with pressurized skin contact |
| JPS5550342A (en) * | 1978-10-05 | 1980-04-12 | Tdk Electronics Co Ltd | Silverrsilver chloride electrode |
-
1980
- 1980-12-01 US US06/211,565 patent/US4377170A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1981
- 1981-11-20 AT AT81305497T patent/ATE26532T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-11-20 DE DE8181305497T patent/DE3176106D1/de not_active Expired
- 1981-11-20 EP EP81305497A patent/EP0055517B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-11-27 DK DK528781A patent/DK160073C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-11-30 MX MX190341A patent/MX157436A/es unknown
- 1981-11-30 BR BR8107803A patent/BR8107803A/pt unknown
- 1981-11-30 CA CA000391149A patent/CA1167931A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-11-30 JP JP56192669A patent/JPS57117833A/ja active Granted
- 1981-11-30 AU AU77992/81A patent/AU551754B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0055517B1 (en) | 1987-04-15 |
| DE3176106D1 (de) | 1987-05-21 |
| EP0055517A1 (en) | 1982-07-07 |
| JPS57117833A (en) | 1982-07-22 |
| AU551754B2 (en) | 1986-05-08 |
| DK160073B (da) | 1991-01-28 |
| DK528781A (da) | 1982-06-02 |
| US4377170A (en) | 1983-03-22 |
| ATE26532T1 (de) | 1987-05-15 |
| MX157436A (es) | 1988-11-23 |
| AU7799281A (en) | 1982-06-10 |
| JPH0349574B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1991-07-30 |
| DK160073C (da) | 1991-07-01 |
| BR8107803A (pt) | 1982-09-08 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |