CA1161723A - Process for preparing a detergent composition having improved chlorine retention characteristics - Google Patents
Process for preparing a detergent composition having improved chlorine retention characteristicsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1161723A CA1161723A CA000385127A CA385127A CA1161723A CA 1161723 A CA1161723 A CA 1161723A CA 000385127 A CA000385127 A CA 000385127A CA 385127 A CA385127 A CA 385127A CA 1161723 A CA1161723 A CA 1161723A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- chlorine
- detergent
- granules
- process according
- releasing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 title description 3
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000003578 releasing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- CIOXZGOUEYHNBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (carboxymethoxy)succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)COC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O CIOXZGOUEYHNBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 abstract description 32
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000017168 chlorine Nutrition 0.000 description 65
- 229940060038 chlorine Drugs 0.000 description 65
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 11
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 8
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004851 dishwashing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000011083 sodium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 229960001790 sodium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 polyoxyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- CFPOJWPDQWJEMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1,2-dicarboxyethoxy)butanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)OC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O CFPOJWPDQWJEMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Poloxamer Chemical compound C1CO1.CC1CO1 RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000002070 germicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- UHGIMQLJWRAPLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOP(O)(O)=O UHGIMQLJWRAPLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOBHUZYZLFQYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;hydroxy-[[phosphonatomethyl(phosphonomethyl)amino]methyl]phosphinate Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OP(O)(=O)CN(CP(O)([O-])=O)CP([O-])([O-])=O SOBHUZYZLFQYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- LRZSAGKIMYFLHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O LRZSAGKIMYFLHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BYMMIQCVDHHYGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cl.OP(O)(O)=O Chemical compound Cl.OP(O)(O)=O BYMMIQCVDHHYGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000036366 Sensation of pressure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000212342 Sium Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NPCCEUVRYRJOLM-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;2-(carboxymethoxy)propanedioate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC(=O)COC(C([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NPCCEUVRYRJOLM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003752 hydrotrope Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical class OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004900 laundering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020030 perry Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001508 potassium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium citrate (anhydrous) Chemical class [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000011082 potassium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PYILKOIEIHHYGD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;1,5-dichloro-4,6-dioxo-1,3,5-triazin-2-olate;dihydrate Chemical group O.O.[Na+].[O-]C1=NC(=O)N(Cl)C(=O)N1Cl PYILKOIEIHHYGD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005494 tarnishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrapotassium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- LVANPASZKUMYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-H tripotassium trisodium 2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate Chemical class N(CC(=O)[O-])(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].N(CC(=O)[O-])(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-] LVANPASZKUMYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- JEVFKQIDHQGBFB-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium;2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O JEVFKQIDHQGBFB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/395—Bleaching agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/395—Bleaching agents
- C11D3/3951—Bleaching agents combined with specific additives
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Devices For Medical Bathing And Washing (AREA)
- Bidet-Like Cleaning Device And Other Flush Toilet Accessories (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US184,576 | 1980-09-04 | ||
| US06/184,576 US4309299A (en) | 1980-09-04 | 1980-09-04 | Detergent composition having improved chlorine retention characteristic and method of making same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1161723A true CA1161723A (en) | 1984-02-07 |
Family
ID=22677477
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000385127A Expired CA1161723A (en) | 1980-09-04 | 1981-09-03 | Process for preparing a detergent composition having improved chlorine retention characteristics |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4309299A (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP0047551B1 (enExample) |
| AT (1) | ATE13316T1 (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU538940B2 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA1161723A (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE3170505D1 (enExample) |
| ES (1) | ES505187A0 (enExample) |
| FI (1) | FI67402C (enExample) |
| GR (1) | GR75001B (enExample) |
| NO (1) | NO153400C (enExample) |
| NZ (1) | NZ198203A (enExample) |
| PT (1) | PT73688B (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4464281A (en) * | 1983-07-28 | 1984-08-07 | Lever Brothers Company | Stabilized bleach-sensitive dyes in automatic dishwasher detergent compositions |
| EP0186234A3 (en) * | 1984-12-17 | 1987-04-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Automatic dishwasher detergent composition |
| US5240632A (en) * | 1986-03-26 | 1993-08-31 | Amway Corporation | Machine dishwasher water spot control composition |
| US4867895A (en) * | 1987-01-13 | 1989-09-19 | The Clorox Company | Timed-release bleach coated with an amine with reduced dye damage |
| US4741858A (en) * | 1987-03-02 | 1988-05-03 | The Clorox Company | Timed-release hypochlorite bleach compositions |
| EP0536261A1 (en) * | 1990-06-26 | 1993-04-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Granular multi-surface cleaner with bleach |
| JPH05508676A (ja) * | 1990-07-10 | 1993-12-02 | ザ、プロクター、エンド、ギャンブル、カンパニー | 高い嵩密度洗剤組成物の製法 |
| US5558996A (en) * | 1994-07-01 | 1996-09-24 | Strategic Diagnostics Inc. | Fungus extraction method, kit, and extraction solution |
| US5834414A (en) * | 1996-10-17 | 1998-11-10 | Ecolab Inc. | Detergent composition having improved chlorine stability characteristics, novel chlorine containing product format and method of making chlorine stable composition |
| US7407924B2 (en) * | 2000-12-05 | 2008-08-05 | Miz Co., Ltd. | Surfactant-free detergent composition comprising an anti-soil redeposition agent |
| CN104271356B (zh) | 2012-03-05 | 2016-10-19 | 兰达公司 | 数字印刷工艺 |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES338432A1 (es) * | 1966-03-24 | 1968-06-16 | Altieri | Procedimiento de preparacion de un detergente compacto parauso como jabon. |
| ZA672909B (enExample) * | 1966-05-18 | |||
| US3692685A (en) * | 1968-05-24 | 1972-09-19 | Lever Brothers Ltd | Detergent compositions |
| US3491028A (en) * | 1969-06-03 | 1970-01-20 | Grace W R & Co | Chlorine stable machine dishwashing composition |
| US3647523A (en) * | 1969-08-28 | 1972-03-07 | Diamond Shamrock Corp | Coated chlorine-generating materials for treating fluids |
| US3741904A (en) * | 1971-05-05 | 1973-06-26 | Miles Lab | Process for preparation of a protected granule and dishwashing composition formed therewith |
| DE2224509A1 (de) * | 1972-05-19 | 1973-12-13 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung eines zur verwendung in wasch- und bleichmitteln geeigneten bleichhilfsmittel |
| US4127496A (en) * | 1975-06-23 | 1978-11-28 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Non-phosphate automatic dishwasher detergent |
| US4078099A (en) * | 1976-08-25 | 1978-03-07 | Lever Brothers Company | Encapsulated bleaches and methods for their preparation |
| US4199468A (en) * | 1977-11-07 | 1980-04-22 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Alkaline dishwasher detergent |
| US4242216A (en) * | 1979-09-27 | 1980-12-30 | Chemed Corporation | Stabilized dichlorodimethyl hydantoin |
-
1980
- 1980-09-04 US US06/184,576 patent/US4309299A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1981
- 1981-08-24 DE DE8181200934T patent/DE3170505D1/de not_active Expired
- 1981-08-24 AT AT81200934T patent/ATE13316T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-08-24 EP EP81200934A patent/EP0047551B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-08-28 NZ NZ198203A patent/NZ198203A/en unknown
- 1981-08-31 FI FI812686A patent/FI67402C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-08-31 GR GR65906A patent/GR75001B/el unknown
- 1981-09-01 AU AU74833/81A patent/AU538940B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1981-09-03 ES ES505187A patent/ES505187A0/es active Granted
- 1981-09-03 CA CA000385127A patent/CA1161723A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-09-03 NO NO812995A patent/NO153400C/no unknown
- 1981-09-16 PT PT73688A patent/PT73688B/pt unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO812995L (no) | 1982-03-05 |
| DE3170505D1 (en) | 1985-06-20 |
| ES8205258A1 (es) | 1982-06-01 |
| AU538940B2 (en) | 1984-09-06 |
| NO153400C (no) | 1986-04-30 |
| AU7483381A (en) | 1982-03-11 |
| FI67402B (fi) | 1984-11-30 |
| NO153400B (no) | 1985-12-02 |
| EP0047551B1 (en) | 1985-05-15 |
| ES505187A0 (es) | 1982-06-01 |
| PT73688A (en) | 1981-10-01 |
| NZ198203A (en) | 1985-01-31 |
| EP0047551A1 (en) | 1982-03-17 |
| ATE13316T1 (de) | 1985-06-15 |
| US4309299A (en) | 1982-01-05 |
| FI67402C (fi) | 1985-03-11 |
| PT73688B (en) | 1983-10-20 |
| GR75001B (enExample) | 1984-07-12 |
| FI812686L (fi) | 1982-03-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |