CA1161223A - Process and apparatus for the manufacture of texturized continuous filaments - Google Patents
Process and apparatus for the manufacture of texturized continuous filamentsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1161223A CA1161223A CA000374147A CA374147A CA1161223A CA 1161223 A CA1161223 A CA 1161223A CA 000374147 A CA000374147 A CA 000374147A CA 374147 A CA374147 A CA 374147A CA 1161223 A CA1161223 A CA 1161223A
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- zone
- filament
- treatment chamber
- medium
- filaments
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
- D02G1/12—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using stuffer boxes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
- D02G1/12—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using stuffer boxes
- D02G1/122—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using stuffer boxes introducing the filaments in the stuffer box by means of a fluid jet
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE:
A process for the manufacture of texturized continu-ous filaments from synthetic linear high molecular weight substances by means of heated fluid media, wherein, between a filament inlet zone and a filament guide zone, the filaments are subjected, in a first treatment zone, to the action of a gaseous turbulent fluid heated medium and are thereby heated to a temperature at which they become semi-plastic and are trans-ported by the turbulently flowing medium through the first treatment zone. Then, in a second treatment zone, they are passed first through a cylindrical zone from which the medium can in part escape radially, and subsequently through a slight-ly conically flared zone from which the medium can also escape laterally. The speeds of the fluid medium and the filament are selected to be such that the ratio of the residence time of the filament in the cylindrical zone to the residence time in the conically flared zone is from 1:19 to 4:1, preferably from 1:9 to 1:2. And an apparatus to carry out the above process.
A process for the manufacture of texturized continu-ous filaments from synthetic linear high molecular weight substances by means of heated fluid media, wherein, between a filament inlet zone and a filament guide zone, the filaments are subjected, in a first treatment zone, to the action of a gaseous turbulent fluid heated medium and are thereby heated to a temperature at which they become semi-plastic and are trans-ported by the turbulently flowing medium through the first treatment zone. Then, in a second treatment zone, they are passed first through a cylindrical zone from which the medium can in part escape radially, and subsequently through a slight-ly conically flared zone from which the medium can also escape laterally. The speeds of the fluid medium and the filament are selected to be such that the ratio of the residence time of the filament in the cylindrical zone to the residence time in the conically flared zone is from 1:19 to 4:1, preferably from 1:9 to 1:2. And an apparatus to carry out the above process.
Description
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The present invention relates to a process and appa-ratus fox the manufacture of texturized continuous filaments.
The paten-t literature on apparatus for the manuf-ac-ture of texturized filaments by means of hot fluids o.r by the air-blow method is very comprehensive. A large group of known apparatus employs two-chamber nozzles: the yarn to be textur-ized is conveyed into a first chamber by means of a Venturi-like nozzle, whilst in the second chamber, which is generally .
cylindrical but may also be conically flared, the texturizing takes place. For example, according to German Published Appli-cation DAS 1,435,653 the second chamber of such a texturizing apparatus consists of a crimping chamber which is tubular, has a constant cross-section over its entire length and is con-structed as a spiral spring.
similar embodiment of a texturizing apparatus, with a second cylindrica]. chamber, is desc:ribed in Swiss Patent 545,359.
Other embodiments o~ prior art texturizing appara~.us are to be found in German Laid-Open Applications DOS 1,435,366 and DOS 2,111,163. The chamber described in DOS ?,111,163 possesses orifices which are formed by lamellae.
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The present invention relates to a process and appa-ratus fox the manufacture of texturized continuous filaments.
The paten-t literature on apparatus for the manuf-ac-ture of texturized filaments by means of hot fluids o.r by the air-blow method is very comprehensive. A large group of known apparatus employs two-chamber nozzles: the yarn to be textur-ized is conveyed into a first chamber by means of a Venturi-like nozzle, whilst in the second chamber, which is generally .
cylindrical but may also be conically flared, the texturizing takes place. For example, according to German Published Appli-cation DAS 1,435,653 the second chamber of such a texturizing apparatus consists of a crimping chamber which is tubular, has a constant cross-section over its entire length and is con-structed as a spiral spring.
similar embodiment of a texturizing apparatus, with a second cylindrica]. chamber, is desc:ribed in Swiss Patent 545,359.
Other embodiments o~ prior art texturizing appara~.us are to be found in German Laid-Open Applications DOS 1,435,366 and DOS 2,111,163. The chamber described in DOS ?,111,163 possesses orifices which are formed by lamellae.
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- 2 - OOZ. 0062/001024 German Published Application DAS 2,006,022 dis-closes an apparatus for the manufacture of te~turized filaments from synthetic linear high molecular weight substances by means of a heated fluid medium, which apparatus consists of a closed first treatment chamber with a side-tube for the supply of a ~luid medium, a filament inlet channel, which protrudes from one end face into the first treatment chamber, a filament guide channel which protrudes from the other end face into the lo first treatment chamber and is rigidly connected thereto, the ratio of the internal diameter of the filament guide channel to the filament inle-t channel being from 1.1:1 to 4:1 and the two channels being located at a distance of from 0.1 to 3 mm from one another, and a second channel-like treatment chamber, with slits 9 attached to the free end of the filament guide channel. In this known apparatus, the orifices of the second treatment chamber consist of slits which are arranged radially and in the length~ise direction of the cylindrical nozzle.
Such a treatment chamber is therefore also referred to as a slit nozzle. Slit nozzles in general have from 2 to 20 slits; the number can be increased according to the denier of the filament and the circumference of the nozzle. The slits are as a rule from 0 2 to 1 mm wide.
Swiss Patent 530,489 describes a second treatment chamber which is slightly conically tapered, in the direction of filament travel, over its entire effective length.
The second treatment chambers according to German Published Application DAS 2,006,022 and Swiss Patent _ 3 - o.z. 0062/001024 530,489 are relatively delicate in respect of di-mensional accuracy. German Published Application DAS 2,331,045 therefore described a modi~ied second treatment chamber, corresponding to the apparatus described in German Published Applica -tion DAS 2~006,022, which in its lower part externally widens conically or stepwise, whilst internally it has an abrupt increasing cross-section to 2_10 times that of the tubular channel~ the lengthwise slits also being present in the zone which may be conically flared out-ward, but being closed of*, at the end, by a continuous ring.
Modifying the slit nozzle so that it serves as a second treatment chamber, according to German Pub-lished Application DAS 2,331,045, improves its mechanical . stability, so that it becomes possible to achie~-e a more uniform crimp, under simplified operating conditions.
The second treatment chamber described in German Published Application DAS 2,006,022 and German Published Application DAS 2,331,045, as well as other conventional apparatus, at very high texturizing speeds, ie. greater than 2,000 m/min, show a certain tendency to become blocked as a result of the compressed yarn moving dynamically in the cylindrical internal space. This blockage is initiated by the increased friction of thè
compressed yarn against the inner walls of the second treatment chamber at very high texturiz.ing speeds; it can lead to yarn breaks and interrupt the texturizing process.
- - On the other hand, a second treatment chamber which is slightly conically flared over its entire effective length, for example as described in Swiss ~atent 530,489, often allows the yarn plug to blow out at high working speeds and low yarn deniers, ie. less than about 2,000 dtex, thereby also causing interruption of the texturizing process.
We have found that texturized filaments of syn-thetic linear high molecular weight materials can be produced by means of a gaseous heated fluid medium at high speed and with great reliability by the process and apparatus of the present inven-tion.
According -to the present invention there is provided a process for the manufacture of texturized filaments of synthetic linear high molecular weight materials by a gaseous heated fluid medium, said process comprising: subjecting the ilaments, between a filament inlet zone and a filament guide zone, in a first trea-tment zone to the action of a gaseous tuxbulently flowing heated medium to thereby heat the filaments to a temperature at which they become semi-plastic and trans-port the ilaments by the turbulently flowing medium through the first -treatment zone, exposing the filaments, in a second treatment zone rom which a part of the medium can escape radially, to the action of -the medium remaining in the second treatment zone and to the ambient air which flows in, passing the filaments and the fluid medium, in the second treatment zone, first through a cylindrical zone from which the medium can in part escape radially, and subsequen-tly through a slightly conically flared zone from which the medlum can also escape laterally, and selecting the speeds of the flu.id medium and the filamen-ts so that the ra-tio of the res.idence time of the filaments in the cylindrical zone to the residence time in ~b the conicall~ flared æone is from 1:19 to 4~
Such ratio is preferably from 1:9 to 1:2.
The process is carried out with an apparatus as follows:~ such apparatus for the manufacture of texturi7.ed filaments of synthetic linear high molecular weight substances by means of heated fluid media comprlses a filament inlet channel, a first treatment chamber, a side-tube for supplying the fluid medium, and a filament guide channel which connects the first treatment chamber to a second tubular treatment chamber which is provided wi-th slits through which ihe fluid medium can escape laterally, the second treatmen-t chamber being internally of cylindrical shape in a æone of from 1/20 to 4/5 of its length, calculated from the end of the filament guide channel, and then being conically flared in the direction of filament travel, the taper o. the conical flaring bein~ from 1:5 to 1:150.
The taper of the conical flaring is preferably from 1:20 to 1.70.
The second treatment chamber may be internally of ~ cylindrical shape in a zone of preferably from 1/10 to 1/3 of its length calculated from the end of the filament guide channel.
Maintaining the process parameter of the rat:io of residence time ln the cylindrical zone to residence time in the conically flared zone is essential Eor the texturizing to proceed trouble-free at high speeds; for example, the yarn breaks resulting from excessive friction are (then) less frequent.
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2~3 - 6 - O.Z. 0062/001024 The residence time essentially depends on the length of the cylindrical part7 on the ratio of the length of the cyllndrical part to the length o~ the conically flared part, and also on the taper o~
the conically flared part. All three parameters in fact influence the process para-meters residence time and residence time ratio, through affecting the friction of the filament in the apparatus.
Other parameters are the total denier and individual denier of the filaments, differences in type of polymer, differences in shape of cross-section of the filaments and, lastly, the texturizing speed itself Filaments, in the present context, means continuous individual filaments or bundles of continuous individual filaments, tapes, flat filaments, fibers pro-duced from fibrillated films, and film strips. The denier of the individual filaments can be, for example, from 1 to 35 dtex but is prefçrably from 10 to 30 dtex.
The number of individual filaments in a bundle can be from 2 to several thousand. Filament bundles compris-ing from 50 to 250 individual continuous filaments are preferred, The total texturizing denier of the fila-ment bundle is prefera,bly from 500 to 5,000 dtex, The filaments in the bundles or yarns which are fed to the crimping treatment may have been drawn or partially drawn. Furthermore, the cross-section of the filaments used may be round or profiled, for example trilobal.
Suitable synthetic linear or virtually linear - 7 o.zO 0062/001024 filament-forming organic high molecular weight substances for the manufacture of the filaments are, in particular, conventional linear synthetic high molecular weight nylons having recurring amide groups in the main chain, linear synthetic high molecular weight polyesters having recurring ester groups in the main chain, filament-forming olefin polymers, filament-forming polyacrylo-nitrile and filament-forming acrylonitrile copolymers predominantly containing acrylonitrile units, as well as lo cellulose derivatives, including cellulose esters.
Specific examples of suitable high molecular weight com pounds are nylon 6, nylon 66, polyethylene terephthalate, linear polyethylene and iso-tactic polypropylene.
Suitable gaseous ~luid media are those conven-tionally used in blow-texturizing processes, for example nitrogen, carbon dioxide, steam and ~ especially for economic reasons - air.
The requisite temperature of the fluid medium ~ may vary within wide limits; the range-from 100 to ~00C
has proved particularly advantageous. Specifically, the most advantageous temperature conditions depend on the melting point or softening point of the filament-forming materials, -the length of time for which the gas can act on the filaments, any pre heating employed, and, finally, the filament denier. Of course, the tempera-ture used must not cause the filaments to melt under the conditions employed, though it can be above the melting point or decomposition point of the filament-forming materials used, provided -the filaments are passed 2~
- 8 - o.Z. 0062/001024 through the treatment zone at a sufficiently high speed, ie. with a suf~iciently short residencetime. The higher the texturizing speed, the more the temperature of the texturizing medium can be above the melting point or decomposition point of the filament-forming mat.erial used. For example, the plasticizing temperature ranges are from 80 to 90C for linear.polyethylene, from 80 to 120C for polypropylene, from 162 to 190C for nylon 6, ~rom 210 to 240C for nylon 66, ~rom 190 to 230C for polyethyle.ne terephthalate and from 21~ to 245C ~or polyacrylonitrile.
The type of polymer has an effect inasmuch as -the advantageous plasticizing temperatures differ and the relationship between temperature of the fluid medium and filament temperature varies accordingly:-the higher the temperature of the fluid medium, the higher is the filament speed used The cross-sectional . shape of the individual filaments is significant in that - it has an effect on the extent -to which the filament becomes heated whilst travelling through the nozzle, and hence becomes semi-plastic.-The desired ratio of the residence times is obtained by using an appropriate ratio of the lengths of the cylindrical zone to the conically flared zone 7 but also depends on the taper of the conically flared zone, because this, together with the total and individual denier of the filamen-ts, determines the friction For example, ~or a texturizing speed of 2,000 mlmin or above, and a drawn 67~ilament yarn of denier 1,200 .. - 9 - o.Z~ 0062/001024 dtexg a ratio of the residence times in the cylindrical zone and in the conically flared zone of 2:5, and a taper in the conically flared zone of 1/30, are advan-- tageous for trouble-free texturizing, If the ratio of the - lengths of the cylindrical zone and the conically flared zone is smaller, the yarn plug may be blown out of the second treatment chamber, interrupting the texturizing process. Conversely, if in the above example the ratio is greater than 2:5, lo excessive yarn friction against the walls of` the chamber can cause a blo~kage3which also interrupts the process.
The conical flaring in the end portion (viewed in the direction of filament travel) of the noz~le results in different flow conditions - due to wall fric-tion of the.filament bundle - from those in the cylin-clrical zone. These have the effect thatl depending on -the yarn denier. and shape, texturizing speed, temperature conditions and taper of the conical flaring, the yarn plug is more or less compact. In this process, a yarn plug is formed within the second treatment zone, which has the effect that a part of the exit orifices for the gaseous medium are screened off, so that the pressure rises and the yarn plug is lif-ted out of the second trea-tment zone until the orifices for the lateral exit of the gaseous medium have been exposed to the extent that the pressure no longer suffices to convey the yarn plug through the second -treatment zone. Under these cond.itions, part of the medium always escapes laterally and another - 10 - O.Z. 0062/001024 (smaller) part remains in the second -treatment zone, with the yarn.plug. Accordingly, no special measures are needed to define these propor-tions; rather, they result automatically under given conditions. All parameters which lead to greater yarn plug formation, such as a h~ yarn denier, round yarn cross-section, high tex-turizing speed, high temperature and low taper of the conical zone have the effect that the texturizing medium increasingly issues laterally between the lamellae of lo the second texturizing chamber At the same time, the axial component of the texturizing medium, ie. the com-ponent which serves to convey the yarn, decreases.
Under extreme conditions, it can happen that the axial component of the texturizing medium no longer suffices for continuously conveying the yarn plug, axial conveying stops and accordingly the second chamber becomes blocked, interrupting the tex-turizing process. On the other hand, at low temperatures, low yarn denier, trilobal cross-section of the filaments and high taper of the conical flaring, the component of the texturizing medium acting in the axial direction of the second chamber can become so great that the wall friction of the yarn plug no longer suffices to maintain the dynamic equilibrium.
Given this other ex~treme, the yarn plug is virtually blown out of the second chamber and the texturizing is again interrupted. Accordingly it is essential, for the texturizing process according to the invention, wherein, under the given marginal conditions, suitable fric-tional conditions and flow conditions must be main-, 2~,3 ~ O~Z. 0062/001024 tained in the second treatment chamber, that the statedratio of the residence time of the ya~n in -the cylin-- drical zone to thatinthe conicaIlytape~ zoneof thesecond treatment chamber is chosen, Suitable apparatus is shown diagrammatically in Figures 1 to 4. Figure 1 is a lengthwise section through a texturizing apparatus having a second treat-ment chamber wi-th a cylindrical and conically flared internal chamber.
, Figure 2'shows an enlarged view of a section A-A' of the second treatment chamber shown in Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a sectional view of a texturizing apparatus, with a modified shape of the second treatment chamber.
Figure 4 shows, on an enlarged scale, a sec-tion B-B' of the modified second treatment chamber shown diagrammatically in Figure 3, Figure 1 shows a complete texturizing apparatus with the second treatment chamber 5 which,,according to the invention, is an essential feature of the apparatus. A
first treatment chamber 2, with filament inlet channe]. 1 for the filament 7, and f.ilament guide channel 4, corres-ponds to the construction disclosed in German Published Applica-tion DAS 2,006,022. It consists of a cylin-drical tube. The filament inlet channel 1 for Eeediny the Eilament 7 into the first treatment chamber 2, and the filamen-t guide channel 4, are screwed into, or otherwise fixed in, this tube~ On the side confron-ting -the ~3 ,3 ~` - 12 - O~Z. 0062/00102g filament inlet channel l, the filament guide channel has a centering body 8, which is provided with stream-lining air channels 9, and has a bush 10, bearing an external thread, on the other side. The fluid medium, for example air, is fed in through the side tube 3. A
se~ond treatm~nt chamber 5 is located at the free end of the filament guide channel 4 which protrudes from the treatment chamber 2. This chamber 5 consists of an externally cylindrical slit nozzle, which slides coaxi-ally~on the filament guide channel 4 and can be fixed thereon by means of a fixing screw 11. The slit nozzle is provided, at the end which protrudes beyond the filament guide ch~nnel 4,wi-th slits 6 which pass through the tube wall in a radial direction. The distar,ce between the end of the filament guide channel 4 and the beginning of the sli-~ 6 in the internal space is from 0~1 to 3 times, preferably from 0 8 to 1.4 times, the external diameter of the filament guide channel 4.
The texturizing effect lncreases with the number of slits; from 4 to 18 sli-ts have proved advantageous, and in general from 10 to 16 are used. The width of the slits is advantageously from 0.3 to 1 mm, preferably from 0.4 to 0.6 mm.
In order to be able to vary the length of the slits 6, a cylindrical metal element 12 can be slid over the second treatmen-t chamber and fixed by means of a screw 13. This slidable metal element 12 can also be constructed so as to protect the tube orifice The essential inventive feature of the second -treatment - 13 - o.z~ 0062/OOlOZ4 chamber is that its internal space is of cylindrical shape in the region Do to Do, and is conically flared in the region from Do, to Dl. The ratio of the length of the cylindrical par-t to -the length of the conically flared part is from 1:19 to 4:1, preferably from 1:9 to - 1:2 (in other words, the cylindrical part accounts for from 1/20 to 4/5, preferably from 1/10 to 1/3, o~ the length calculated from the end of the filament guide channel).
Figure 2 shows, on an enlarged scale, t~e inter-nal shape, essential to the invention9 of the second treatment chamber. The reference numerals and letters - correspond to those in Figure 1.
In Figure 3, the reference numerals and letters in the upper part of the modified texturizing apparatus have the same meaning as in Figure 1, ie. filament 7, filament inlet channel 1, treatment chamber 2, filament guide channel 4, centering body 8, air channels 9, ~eed side-tube 3, bush 10, screw 11 and slits 6. The second treatment chamber widens outward conically or in steps. The length of the inner cylindrical part, before the conical flaring is reached, accounts for from about 1/20 to 4/5 of the to-tal length, in particular from 1/10 to 1/3. The total length is in general from about 80 to 150 mm, so that the leng-th of the cylindrical part is at most about 120 mm (for 150 mm total length), but preferably about 50 mm (for 150 mm total length) The slits also lead radially outward in -the part o~ the second treatment chamber which externally ~&~Z~3 - 14 - 0~. 0062/00102 is widened conically or in steps~ Internally, the cross-section of the channel which passes through the second treatment chamber can suddenly widen from 2-fold to lO-fold, preferably from 2-fold to 5-fold, at a point where it has reached the full external diameter. The slits continue outward radially through the widened part of the cylinder and parallel to the lengthwise axis of the cylinder, over a length which roughly corresponds to the wider internal diameter of this section. The lo cylindrical part with the larger diameter can terminate .in a massive ring 14. In order to be able to vary the length of the slits it is advantageous to slide over the second treatment chamber a cylindrical metal element 12 which can be fixed by suitable means, for example the screw 13.
Figure 4 shows, on a larger scale, the internal shape, essential to the i~1vention, of the modified second treatment chamber of Figure 3.
In all the embodiments, as shown in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, the internal space of the second treatment chamber is of cylindrical shape in the region from Do to Dol~ Do indicates the position in the second treat-ment chamber at which the filament guide channel 4 terminates. The length of the cylindrical part of the second treatment chamber, namely Do to Do " can be from l/20 to 4/5, preferably from 1/10 to 1/3, of the length of the second treatment chamber~ taken from the end of -the filament guide channel Accordingly, for a second treatment chamber - 15 - o~Z. 0~62/001024 having atotal lengthof, for example, 100 mm, into which the filamènt guide channel protrudes 30 mm (ie. a chamber with an e~fective length of 70 mm) the length of the cylindrical part can be ~rom 3.5 to 56 ~n. For tex-turizing speeds of 2JOOO m/minute or more, and for high total ~rawn yarn deniers, for example of from 1~200 to 3,500 dtex, increased friction of the yarn plug can, if the internal bore is completely cylindrical, cause blockages in the slit nozzle, and hence filament breaks By reducing the length of the cylindrical i~ner part of the second treatmen-t chamber to from 1/20 to 4/5, preferably from 1/10 to 1/3, of the effective length of the second treatment chamber, and employing a subsequent ~nicallyflaredportion,. this problem is over-come. The higher the denier, -: -the shorter the cylindrical inner part of the second treatment zone should be; for example, a total length of the second treatment chamber of 100 mm, with a cylin-drical part 3.5 mm long, is useful for a dra~n yarn denier of about 3,000 dtex or more, when employing a texturizing speed of 2,000 m/min. On the other hand, for a drawn yarn denier of 800 dtex, the length of the cylindrical part of the second treatment chamber is advantageously about 23 mm, corresponding -to about 1/3 of the effective length of the second treatment chamber, namely 70 mm. Under otherwise identical process con-ditions, the length of the cylindrical par-t of the second treatment chamber depends, within certain limits, on the taper of the adjoining conically flared por-tion.
- 16 ~ O.Z. 0062/001~24 In this context, the taper ofthe conically flared portion means the ratio d2 ~ dl/h, where d2 = maximum diameter of the truncated cone, dl = minimum diameter of the truncated cone and h = height of the truncated cone.
For example, for a taper of l/50 and a height of the truncated cone of 50 mm, d2 ~ dl = 1 mm. Applying this example to Figures 1 to 4, it follows that if the internal diameter of the cylindrical part (region Do -Dol) of the second treatment chamber is, for example, 3 mm, and the taper is 1/50, l~he diameter at the end of the cQnically flared portion is 3.8 mm if this flared portion ~ie the region Dol - Dl) is 40 mm long.
If the taper increases, for example from 1/50 to l/40, the cylindrical part can, within certain limits, be lengthened, or vice versa. In general, a taper of the conically flaredportion of from l/5 to l/l~0, preferably from l/20 to 1j70, has proved suitable For lower yarn deniers, for example l,000 dtex, it is advantageous to employ a taper of from l/70 to l/lO0 or less.
Conversely, higher deniers, of more than 2,000 dtex, can more advantageously be processed by employing a greater taper, of from l/40 to l/30 or more. It is advantage~
ous also -to select -the length of the cylindrical part of the slit nozzle, on the basis of simple experiments, to suit the yarn denier, the speed and the other texturizing conditions.
By balancing the length of the cylindrical part of the second treatment chamber with the length of the downstream conically flaredportion,which is of variable - 17 - o.z. 0062/001024 length (and variable taper), an exceptionally broad range of use can be created for the texturizing apparatus.
Thus, a wide range of drawn yarn deniers, pre~erably a range of ~rom 450 to 4,500 dtex or more, can be pro-cessed, without problems, at high speeds, namely 2,000 m/min or more. Furthermore, the texturizing apparatus can, on the basis of simple preliminary experiments, be - adjus-ted to suit the cross-sectional shape of the individual filaments of the yarn, the number o~ fila-lo ments and other ya~n parameters Finally, if the cylindrical and conically flared parts are appropriately chosen, the texturizing apparatus can also be employed for partially in-line3 or fully in-line, texturizing processes, for example draw-texturizing or spin-draw-texturi~ing, ie. processes which~ because of the differ-ent ways in which they are carried out, entail greatly differing surface properties and plasticities of the yarn as it enters the texturizing apparatus To characterize the effect of texturizing a yarn or the like, the crimp rigidity is determined. This value9 ex~ressed in %, is measured as follows: the yarn9 which has been developed in boiling water and is still moist, is subjected to a load of 0.05 cN/dtex and its length Ll is determined. Thereafter, the same piece of yarn is subjected to a load of 0 001 cN/dtex and the length L2 is measured. The crimp rigidity is calcula-ted from the equation:
Ll L2 crimp rigidity (%) = - x 100 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~3 - 18 - O~Z~ 0062/00102 A 4,100-67 undrawn nylon-6 roving is drawn off a supply package and is fed to the drawing appara~us of a draw-texturizing machine, the draw ratio being set to 1:3.45. The feed godet in the drawing zone is at 100C cm d the take-up godet at 150C. The preheated and drawn roving, which after drawing has a denier of 1,200 dtex, is fed, at a rate of 2,000 m/min, to a crimping apparatus as shown in Figure 1~ Air at 300C and under a pressure of 5.3 bar is introduced through the side-tube 3, the amount of air being set to 6.5 Nm3/h by adjusting the filament inlet channel 1 relative to the filament guide channel 4.
The filament inlet channel has an internal diameter of 1.1 mm; the filament guide channel 4 has an internal diameter of 2.4 mm, an external diameter of
Such a treatment chamber is therefore also referred to as a slit nozzle. Slit nozzles in general have from 2 to 20 slits; the number can be increased according to the denier of the filament and the circumference of the nozzle. The slits are as a rule from 0 2 to 1 mm wide.
Swiss Patent 530,489 describes a second treatment chamber which is slightly conically tapered, in the direction of filament travel, over its entire effective length.
The second treatment chambers according to German Published Application DAS 2,006,022 and Swiss Patent _ 3 - o.z. 0062/001024 530,489 are relatively delicate in respect of di-mensional accuracy. German Published Application DAS 2,331,045 therefore described a modi~ied second treatment chamber, corresponding to the apparatus described in German Published Applica -tion DAS 2~006,022, which in its lower part externally widens conically or stepwise, whilst internally it has an abrupt increasing cross-section to 2_10 times that of the tubular channel~ the lengthwise slits also being present in the zone which may be conically flared out-ward, but being closed of*, at the end, by a continuous ring.
Modifying the slit nozzle so that it serves as a second treatment chamber, according to German Pub-lished Application DAS 2,331,045, improves its mechanical . stability, so that it becomes possible to achie~-e a more uniform crimp, under simplified operating conditions.
The second treatment chamber described in German Published Application DAS 2,006,022 and German Published Application DAS 2,331,045, as well as other conventional apparatus, at very high texturizing speeds, ie. greater than 2,000 m/min, show a certain tendency to become blocked as a result of the compressed yarn moving dynamically in the cylindrical internal space. This blockage is initiated by the increased friction of thè
compressed yarn against the inner walls of the second treatment chamber at very high texturiz.ing speeds; it can lead to yarn breaks and interrupt the texturizing process.
- - On the other hand, a second treatment chamber which is slightly conically flared over its entire effective length, for example as described in Swiss ~atent 530,489, often allows the yarn plug to blow out at high working speeds and low yarn deniers, ie. less than about 2,000 dtex, thereby also causing interruption of the texturizing process.
We have found that texturized filaments of syn-thetic linear high molecular weight materials can be produced by means of a gaseous heated fluid medium at high speed and with great reliability by the process and apparatus of the present inven-tion.
According -to the present invention there is provided a process for the manufacture of texturized filaments of synthetic linear high molecular weight materials by a gaseous heated fluid medium, said process comprising: subjecting the ilaments, between a filament inlet zone and a filament guide zone, in a first trea-tment zone to the action of a gaseous tuxbulently flowing heated medium to thereby heat the filaments to a temperature at which they become semi-plastic and trans-port the ilaments by the turbulently flowing medium through the first -treatment zone, exposing the filaments, in a second treatment zone rom which a part of the medium can escape radially, to the action of -the medium remaining in the second treatment zone and to the ambient air which flows in, passing the filaments and the fluid medium, in the second treatment zone, first through a cylindrical zone from which the medium can in part escape radially, and subsequen-tly through a slightly conically flared zone from which the medlum can also escape laterally, and selecting the speeds of the flu.id medium and the filamen-ts so that the ra-tio of the res.idence time of the filaments in the cylindrical zone to the residence time in ~b the conicall~ flared æone is from 1:19 to 4~
Such ratio is preferably from 1:9 to 1:2.
The process is carried out with an apparatus as follows:~ such apparatus for the manufacture of texturi7.ed filaments of synthetic linear high molecular weight substances by means of heated fluid media comprlses a filament inlet channel, a first treatment chamber, a side-tube for supplying the fluid medium, and a filament guide channel which connects the first treatment chamber to a second tubular treatment chamber which is provided wi-th slits through which ihe fluid medium can escape laterally, the second treatmen-t chamber being internally of cylindrical shape in a æone of from 1/20 to 4/5 of its length, calculated from the end of the filament guide channel, and then being conically flared in the direction of filament travel, the taper o. the conical flaring bein~ from 1:5 to 1:150.
The taper of the conical flaring is preferably from 1:20 to 1.70.
The second treatment chamber may be internally of ~ cylindrical shape in a zone of preferably from 1/10 to 1/3 of its length calculated from the end of the filament guide channel.
Maintaining the process parameter of the rat:io of residence time ln the cylindrical zone to residence time in the conically flared zone is essential Eor the texturizing to proceed trouble-free at high speeds; for example, the yarn breaks resulting from excessive friction are (then) less frequent.
.
~ .
-~. .
2~3 - 6 - O.Z. 0062/001024 The residence time essentially depends on the length of the cylindrical part7 on the ratio of the length of the cyllndrical part to the length o~ the conically flared part, and also on the taper o~
the conically flared part. All three parameters in fact influence the process para-meters residence time and residence time ratio, through affecting the friction of the filament in the apparatus.
Other parameters are the total denier and individual denier of the filaments, differences in type of polymer, differences in shape of cross-section of the filaments and, lastly, the texturizing speed itself Filaments, in the present context, means continuous individual filaments or bundles of continuous individual filaments, tapes, flat filaments, fibers pro-duced from fibrillated films, and film strips. The denier of the individual filaments can be, for example, from 1 to 35 dtex but is prefçrably from 10 to 30 dtex.
The number of individual filaments in a bundle can be from 2 to several thousand. Filament bundles compris-ing from 50 to 250 individual continuous filaments are preferred, The total texturizing denier of the fila-ment bundle is prefera,bly from 500 to 5,000 dtex, The filaments in the bundles or yarns which are fed to the crimping treatment may have been drawn or partially drawn. Furthermore, the cross-section of the filaments used may be round or profiled, for example trilobal.
Suitable synthetic linear or virtually linear - 7 o.zO 0062/001024 filament-forming organic high molecular weight substances for the manufacture of the filaments are, in particular, conventional linear synthetic high molecular weight nylons having recurring amide groups in the main chain, linear synthetic high molecular weight polyesters having recurring ester groups in the main chain, filament-forming olefin polymers, filament-forming polyacrylo-nitrile and filament-forming acrylonitrile copolymers predominantly containing acrylonitrile units, as well as lo cellulose derivatives, including cellulose esters.
Specific examples of suitable high molecular weight com pounds are nylon 6, nylon 66, polyethylene terephthalate, linear polyethylene and iso-tactic polypropylene.
Suitable gaseous ~luid media are those conven-tionally used in blow-texturizing processes, for example nitrogen, carbon dioxide, steam and ~ especially for economic reasons - air.
The requisite temperature of the fluid medium ~ may vary within wide limits; the range-from 100 to ~00C
has proved particularly advantageous. Specifically, the most advantageous temperature conditions depend on the melting point or softening point of the filament-forming materials, -the length of time for which the gas can act on the filaments, any pre heating employed, and, finally, the filament denier. Of course, the tempera-ture used must not cause the filaments to melt under the conditions employed, though it can be above the melting point or decomposition point of the filament-forming materials used, provided -the filaments are passed 2~
- 8 - o.Z. 0062/001024 through the treatment zone at a sufficiently high speed, ie. with a suf~iciently short residencetime. The higher the texturizing speed, the more the temperature of the texturizing medium can be above the melting point or decomposition point of the filament-forming mat.erial used. For example, the plasticizing temperature ranges are from 80 to 90C for linear.polyethylene, from 80 to 120C for polypropylene, from 162 to 190C for nylon 6, ~rom 210 to 240C for nylon 66, ~rom 190 to 230C for polyethyle.ne terephthalate and from 21~ to 245C ~or polyacrylonitrile.
The type of polymer has an effect inasmuch as -the advantageous plasticizing temperatures differ and the relationship between temperature of the fluid medium and filament temperature varies accordingly:-the higher the temperature of the fluid medium, the higher is the filament speed used The cross-sectional . shape of the individual filaments is significant in that - it has an effect on the extent -to which the filament becomes heated whilst travelling through the nozzle, and hence becomes semi-plastic.-The desired ratio of the residence times is obtained by using an appropriate ratio of the lengths of the cylindrical zone to the conically flared zone 7 but also depends on the taper of the conically flared zone, because this, together with the total and individual denier of the filamen-ts, determines the friction For example, ~or a texturizing speed of 2,000 mlmin or above, and a drawn 67~ilament yarn of denier 1,200 .. - 9 - o.Z~ 0062/001024 dtexg a ratio of the residence times in the cylindrical zone and in the conically flared zone of 2:5, and a taper in the conically flared zone of 1/30, are advan-- tageous for trouble-free texturizing, If the ratio of the - lengths of the cylindrical zone and the conically flared zone is smaller, the yarn plug may be blown out of the second treatment chamber, interrupting the texturizing process. Conversely, if in the above example the ratio is greater than 2:5, lo excessive yarn friction against the walls of` the chamber can cause a blo~kage3which also interrupts the process.
The conical flaring in the end portion (viewed in the direction of filament travel) of the noz~le results in different flow conditions - due to wall fric-tion of the.filament bundle - from those in the cylin-clrical zone. These have the effect thatl depending on -the yarn denier. and shape, texturizing speed, temperature conditions and taper of the conical flaring, the yarn plug is more or less compact. In this process, a yarn plug is formed within the second treatment zone, which has the effect that a part of the exit orifices for the gaseous medium are screened off, so that the pressure rises and the yarn plug is lif-ted out of the second trea-tment zone until the orifices for the lateral exit of the gaseous medium have been exposed to the extent that the pressure no longer suffices to convey the yarn plug through the second -treatment zone. Under these cond.itions, part of the medium always escapes laterally and another - 10 - O.Z. 0062/001024 (smaller) part remains in the second -treatment zone, with the yarn.plug. Accordingly, no special measures are needed to define these propor-tions; rather, they result automatically under given conditions. All parameters which lead to greater yarn plug formation, such as a h~ yarn denier, round yarn cross-section, high tex-turizing speed, high temperature and low taper of the conical zone have the effect that the texturizing medium increasingly issues laterally between the lamellae of lo the second texturizing chamber At the same time, the axial component of the texturizing medium, ie. the com-ponent which serves to convey the yarn, decreases.
Under extreme conditions, it can happen that the axial component of the texturizing medium no longer suffices for continuously conveying the yarn plug, axial conveying stops and accordingly the second chamber becomes blocked, interrupting the tex-turizing process. On the other hand, at low temperatures, low yarn denier, trilobal cross-section of the filaments and high taper of the conical flaring, the component of the texturizing medium acting in the axial direction of the second chamber can become so great that the wall friction of the yarn plug no longer suffices to maintain the dynamic equilibrium.
Given this other ex~treme, the yarn plug is virtually blown out of the second chamber and the texturizing is again interrupted. Accordingly it is essential, for the texturizing process according to the invention, wherein, under the given marginal conditions, suitable fric-tional conditions and flow conditions must be main-, 2~,3 ~ O~Z. 0062/001024 tained in the second treatment chamber, that the statedratio of the residence time of the ya~n in -the cylin-- drical zone to thatinthe conicaIlytape~ zoneof thesecond treatment chamber is chosen, Suitable apparatus is shown diagrammatically in Figures 1 to 4. Figure 1 is a lengthwise section through a texturizing apparatus having a second treat-ment chamber wi-th a cylindrical and conically flared internal chamber.
, Figure 2'shows an enlarged view of a section A-A' of the second treatment chamber shown in Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a sectional view of a texturizing apparatus, with a modified shape of the second treatment chamber.
Figure 4 shows, on an enlarged scale, a sec-tion B-B' of the modified second treatment chamber shown diagrammatically in Figure 3, Figure 1 shows a complete texturizing apparatus with the second treatment chamber 5 which,,according to the invention, is an essential feature of the apparatus. A
first treatment chamber 2, with filament inlet channe]. 1 for the filament 7, and f.ilament guide channel 4, corres-ponds to the construction disclosed in German Published Applica-tion DAS 2,006,022. It consists of a cylin-drical tube. The filament inlet channel 1 for Eeediny the Eilament 7 into the first treatment chamber 2, and the filamen-t guide channel 4, are screwed into, or otherwise fixed in, this tube~ On the side confron-ting -the ~3 ,3 ~` - 12 - O~Z. 0062/00102g filament inlet channel l, the filament guide channel has a centering body 8, which is provided with stream-lining air channels 9, and has a bush 10, bearing an external thread, on the other side. The fluid medium, for example air, is fed in through the side tube 3. A
se~ond treatm~nt chamber 5 is located at the free end of the filament guide channel 4 which protrudes from the treatment chamber 2. This chamber 5 consists of an externally cylindrical slit nozzle, which slides coaxi-ally~on the filament guide channel 4 and can be fixed thereon by means of a fixing screw 11. The slit nozzle is provided, at the end which protrudes beyond the filament guide ch~nnel 4,wi-th slits 6 which pass through the tube wall in a radial direction. The distar,ce between the end of the filament guide channel 4 and the beginning of the sli-~ 6 in the internal space is from 0~1 to 3 times, preferably from 0 8 to 1.4 times, the external diameter of the filament guide channel 4.
The texturizing effect lncreases with the number of slits; from 4 to 18 sli-ts have proved advantageous, and in general from 10 to 16 are used. The width of the slits is advantageously from 0.3 to 1 mm, preferably from 0.4 to 0.6 mm.
In order to be able to vary the length of the slits 6, a cylindrical metal element 12 can be slid over the second treatmen-t chamber and fixed by means of a screw 13. This slidable metal element 12 can also be constructed so as to protect the tube orifice The essential inventive feature of the second -treatment - 13 - o.z~ 0062/OOlOZ4 chamber is that its internal space is of cylindrical shape in the region Do to Do, and is conically flared in the region from Do, to Dl. The ratio of the length of the cylindrical par-t to -the length of the conically flared part is from 1:19 to 4:1, preferably from 1:9 to - 1:2 (in other words, the cylindrical part accounts for from 1/20 to 4/5, preferably from 1/10 to 1/3, o~ the length calculated from the end of the filament guide channel).
Figure 2 shows, on an enlarged scale, t~e inter-nal shape, essential to the invention9 of the second treatment chamber. The reference numerals and letters - correspond to those in Figure 1.
In Figure 3, the reference numerals and letters in the upper part of the modified texturizing apparatus have the same meaning as in Figure 1, ie. filament 7, filament inlet channel 1, treatment chamber 2, filament guide channel 4, centering body 8, air channels 9, ~eed side-tube 3, bush 10, screw 11 and slits 6. The second treatment chamber widens outward conically or in steps. The length of the inner cylindrical part, before the conical flaring is reached, accounts for from about 1/20 to 4/5 of the to-tal length, in particular from 1/10 to 1/3. The total length is in general from about 80 to 150 mm, so that the leng-th of the cylindrical part is at most about 120 mm (for 150 mm total length), but preferably about 50 mm (for 150 mm total length) The slits also lead radially outward in -the part o~ the second treatment chamber which externally ~&~Z~3 - 14 - 0~. 0062/00102 is widened conically or in steps~ Internally, the cross-section of the channel which passes through the second treatment chamber can suddenly widen from 2-fold to lO-fold, preferably from 2-fold to 5-fold, at a point where it has reached the full external diameter. The slits continue outward radially through the widened part of the cylinder and parallel to the lengthwise axis of the cylinder, over a length which roughly corresponds to the wider internal diameter of this section. The lo cylindrical part with the larger diameter can terminate .in a massive ring 14. In order to be able to vary the length of the slits it is advantageous to slide over the second treatment chamber a cylindrical metal element 12 which can be fixed by suitable means, for example the screw 13.
Figure 4 shows, on a larger scale, the internal shape, essential to the i~1vention, of the modified second treatment chamber of Figure 3.
In all the embodiments, as shown in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, the internal space of the second treatment chamber is of cylindrical shape in the region from Do to Dol~ Do indicates the position in the second treat-ment chamber at which the filament guide channel 4 terminates. The length of the cylindrical part of the second treatment chamber, namely Do to Do " can be from l/20 to 4/5, preferably from 1/10 to 1/3, of the length of the second treatment chamber~ taken from the end of -the filament guide channel Accordingly, for a second treatment chamber - 15 - o~Z. 0~62/001024 having atotal lengthof, for example, 100 mm, into which the filamènt guide channel protrudes 30 mm (ie. a chamber with an e~fective length of 70 mm) the length of the cylindrical part can be ~rom 3.5 to 56 ~n. For tex-turizing speeds of 2JOOO m/minute or more, and for high total ~rawn yarn deniers, for example of from 1~200 to 3,500 dtex, increased friction of the yarn plug can, if the internal bore is completely cylindrical, cause blockages in the slit nozzle, and hence filament breaks By reducing the length of the cylindrical i~ner part of the second treatmen-t chamber to from 1/20 to 4/5, preferably from 1/10 to 1/3, of the effective length of the second treatment chamber, and employing a subsequent ~nicallyflaredportion,. this problem is over-come. The higher the denier, -: -the shorter the cylindrical inner part of the second treatment zone should be; for example, a total length of the second treatment chamber of 100 mm, with a cylin-drical part 3.5 mm long, is useful for a dra~n yarn denier of about 3,000 dtex or more, when employing a texturizing speed of 2,000 m/min. On the other hand, for a drawn yarn denier of 800 dtex, the length of the cylindrical part of the second treatment chamber is advantageously about 23 mm, corresponding -to about 1/3 of the effective length of the second treatment chamber, namely 70 mm. Under otherwise identical process con-ditions, the length of the cylindrical par-t of the second treatment chamber depends, within certain limits, on the taper of the adjoining conically flared por-tion.
- 16 ~ O.Z. 0062/001~24 In this context, the taper ofthe conically flared portion means the ratio d2 ~ dl/h, where d2 = maximum diameter of the truncated cone, dl = minimum diameter of the truncated cone and h = height of the truncated cone.
For example, for a taper of l/50 and a height of the truncated cone of 50 mm, d2 ~ dl = 1 mm. Applying this example to Figures 1 to 4, it follows that if the internal diameter of the cylindrical part (region Do -Dol) of the second treatment chamber is, for example, 3 mm, and the taper is 1/50, l~he diameter at the end of the cQnically flared portion is 3.8 mm if this flared portion ~ie the region Dol - Dl) is 40 mm long.
If the taper increases, for example from 1/50 to l/40, the cylindrical part can, within certain limits, be lengthened, or vice versa. In general, a taper of the conically flaredportion of from l/5 to l/l~0, preferably from l/20 to 1j70, has proved suitable For lower yarn deniers, for example l,000 dtex, it is advantageous to employ a taper of from l/70 to l/lO0 or less.
Conversely, higher deniers, of more than 2,000 dtex, can more advantageously be processed by employing a greater taper, of from l/40 to l/30 or more. It is advantage~
ous also -to select -the length of the cylindrical part of the slit nozzle, on the basis of simple experiments, to suit the yarn denier, the speed and the other texturizing conditions.
By balancing the length of the cylindrical part of the second treatment chamber with the length of the downstream conically flaredportion,which is of variable - 17 - o.z. 0062/001024 length (and variable taper), an exceptionally broad range of use can be created for the texturizing apparatus.
Thus, a wide range of drawn yarn deniers, pre~erably a range of ~rom 450 to 4,500 dtex or more, can be pro-cessed, without problems, at high speeds, namely 2,000 m/min or more. Furthermore, the texturizing apparatus can, on the basis of simple preliminary experiments, be - adjus-ted to suit the cross-sectional shape of the individual filaments of the yarn, the number o~ fila-lo ments and other ya~n parameters Finally, if the cylindrical and conically flared parts are appropriately chosen, the texturizing apparatus can also be employed for partially in-line3 or fully in-line, texturizing processes, for example draw-texturizing or spin-draw-texturi~ing, ie. processes which~ because of the differ-ent ways in which they are carried out, entail greatly differing surface properties and plasticities of the yarn as it enters the texturizing apparatus To characterize the effect of texturizing a yarn or the like, the crimp rigidity is determined. This value9 ex~ressed in %, is measured as follows: the yarn9 which has been developed in boiling water and is still moist, is subjected to a load of 0.05 cN/dtex and its length Ll is determined. Thereafter, the same piece of yarn is subjected to a load of 0 001 cN/dtex and the length L2 is measured. The crimp rigidity is calcula-ted from the equation:
Ll L2 crimp rigidity (%) = - x 100 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~3 - 18 - O~Z~ 0062/00102 A 4,100-67 undrawn nylon-6 roving is drawn off a supply package and is fed to the drawing appara~us of a draw-texturizing machine, the draw ratio being set to 1:3.45. The feed godet in the drawing zone is at 100C cm d the take-up godet at 150C. The preheated and drawn roving, which after drawing has a denier of 1,200 dtex, is fed, at a rate of 2,000 m/min, to a crimping apparatus as shown in Figure 1~ Air at 300C and under a pressure of 5.3 bar is introduced through the side-tube 3, the amount of air being set to 6.5 Nm3/h by adjusting the filament inlet channel 1 relative to the filament guide channel 4.
The filament inlet channel has an internal diameter of 1.1 mm; the filament guide channel 4 has an internal diameter of 2.4 mm, an external diameter of
3.0 mm and a total length of 127 mm. The filament guide channel 4 protrudes 30 mm into the treatment chamber 5, an externally cylindrical slit nozzle, up to the position marked Do~ The -totc~l length of the treatment chamber 5 is 100 mm, resulting in an effective length of 70 mm. Over this effective length, the treatment chamber 5 possesses 12 slits, each 0~5 mm wide, running radially in the lengthwise direction. The cylindrical inner part of the treatment chamber 5, ie.
the zone Do - Dol in Figures 1-4, is 20 mm long, ie. 2/7 of the 70 ~n effective length of the treatment chamber 5.
The conical~ fl3red portion Dol - Dl which adjoins the cylindrical inner part has a length of 50 mm and a taper 12~3 - 19 - O.Z~ 0062/001024 of 1/50.
The crimp rigidity of the yarn thus produced is 11.2%.
The Table which follows shows the conditions for implementing the invention for various drawn yarn deniers, All the other texturizing parameters, except for the internal diameter of the filament inlet channel in Example 7, which is 1.3 mm instead of 1,1 ~mj are as in Example 1.
- 20 - O~Zo 0062/001024 L~ 0~ o ~_ .' o ~ O ~ O
. ~
~ o U~
~o o o ~ o . ~ .~ ~
o L~ ..
o o ~ o ~ o _ o U~
,~ 3 O O O O ~ ~i ~ 1~
~ 2 ,1~ ` ~
~ ~ o , ~ o 2 ~
3 t~J
~ æ ~ o O "~ ~
. ,.
~X .
a~
h ~ ~ ,` h p~
~ bO h ~ h ~ æ
O o ~, h ~ ~ ~ .
` ~ O ,~
~,~
O 0Q ~ O h~
3 ~rl Q
X
a) h ~ ~ O O O ~ O t~i o $~
E~ ~::1 ~ U ~ ~ ~ U
the zone Do - Dol in Figures 1-4, is 20 mm long, ie. 2/7 of the 70 ~n effective length of the treatment chamber 5.
The conical~ fl3red portion Dol - Dl which adjoins the cylindrical inner part has a length of 50 mm and a taper 12~3 - 19 - O.Z~ 0062/001024 of 1/50.
The crimp rigidity of the yarn thus produced is 11.2%.
The Table which follows shows the conditions for implementing the invention for various drawn yarn deniers, All the other texturizing parameters, except for the internal diameter of the filament inlet channel in Example 7, which is 1.3 mm instead of 1,1 ~mj are as in Example 1.
- 20 - O~Zo 0062/001024 L~ 0~ o ~_ .' o ~ O ~ O
. ~
~ o U~
~o o o ~ o . ~ .~ ~
o L~ ..
o o ~ o ~ o _ o U~
,~ 3 O O O O ~ ~i ~ 1~
~ 2 ,1~ ` ~
~ ~ o , ~ o 2 ~
3 t~J
~ æ ~ o O "~ ~
. ,.
~X .
a~
h ~ ~ ,` h p~
~ bO h ~ h ~ æ
O o ~, h ~ ~ ~ .
` ~ O ,~
~,~
O 0Q ~ O h~
3 ~rl Q
X
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E~ ~::1 ~ U ~ ~ ~ U
Claims (18)
1. A process for the manufacture of texturized filaments of synthetic linear high molecular weight materials by a gaseous heated fluid medium, said process comprising:
subjecting the filaments, between a filament inlet zone and a filament guide zone, in a first treatment zone to the action of a gaseous turbulently flowing heated medium to thereby heat the filaments to a temperature at which they become semi-plastic and transport the filaments by the turbu-lently flowing medium through the first treatment zone, exposing the filaments, in a second treatment zone from which a part of the medium can escape radially, to the action of the medium remaining in the second treatment zone and to the ambient air which flows in, passing the filaments and the fluid medium, in the second treatment zone, first through a cylindrical zone from which the medium can in part escape radially, and subsequently through a slightly conically flared zone from which the medium can also escape laterally, and selecting the speeds of the fluid medium and the filaments so that the ratio of the residence time of the fila-ments in the cylindrical zone to the residence time in the conically flared zone is from 1:19 to 4:1.
subjecting the filaments, between a filament inlet zone and a filament guide zone, in a first treatment zone to the action of a gaseous turbulently flowing heated medium to thereby heat the filaments to a temperature at which they become semi-plastic and transport the filaments by the turbu-lently flowing medium through the first treatment zone, exposing the filaments, in a second treatment zone from which a part of the medium can escape radially, to the action of the medium remaining in the second treatment zone and to the ambient air which flows in, passing the filaments and the fluid medium, in the second treatment zone, first through a cylindrical zone from which the medium can in part escape radially, and subsequently through a slightly conically flared zone from which the medium can also escape laterally, and selecting the speeds of the fluid medium and the filaments so that the ratio of the residence time of the fila-ments in the cylindrical zone to the residence time in the conically flared zone is from 1:19 to 4:1.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1, in which the ratio of the residence time in the cylindrical zone to the residence time in the conically flared zone in from 1:9 to 1:2.
3. Apparatus for the manufacture of texturized filaments of synthetic linear high molecular weight substances by means of heated fluid media comprising a filament inlet channel, a first treatment chamber, a side-tube for supplying the fluid medium, and a filament guide channel which connects the first treatment chamber to a second tubular treatment chamber which is provided with slits through which the fluid medium can escape laterally, the second treatment chamber being internally of cylindrical shape in a zone of from 1/20 to 4/5 of its length, calculated from the end of the filament guide channel, and then being conically flared in the direction of filament travel, the taper of the conical flaring being from 1:5 to 1:150.
4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 3 in which the second treatment chamber is internally of cylindrical shape in the zone of from 1/10 to 1/3 of its length, calculated from the end of guide channel.
5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 3 in which the taper of the conical flaring is from 1:20 to 1:70.
6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein on the side of the inlet channel, the filament guide channel has a centering body which is provided with stream-lining air channels, and has a bush, bearing an external thread on the other side.
7. Apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein the distance between the end of the filament guide channel and the beginning of the slits in an internal space is from 0.1 to 3 times.
8. Apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein said distance is from 0.8 to 1.4 times.
9. Apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein said slits are from 4 to 18 in number.
10. Apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein said slits are from 10 to 16 in number.
11. Apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein said slits have a width of 0.3 to 1 mm.
12. Apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein said slits have a width of 0.4 to 0.6 mm.
13. Apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein a slidable metal element is fixed over said second treatment chamber in order to vary the length of said slits.
14. Apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein said cylindrical zone of said second treatment chamber is from 1/10 to 1/3 of the total length of said second treatment chamber which is from about 80 to 150 mm.
15. Apparatus as claimed in claim 14, wherein said second treatment chamber widens from 2-fold to 10-fold at a point where it reaches a full external diameter.
16. Apparatus as claimed in claim 15, wherein said second treatment chamber widens from 2-fold to 5-fold at said point where it reaches a full external diameter.
17. Apparatus as claimed in claim 15, wherein said slits continue outwardly radially through and parallel to a lengthwise axis of said widened part which is cylindrical.
18. Apparatus as claimed in claim 17, wherein said cylindrical part terminates in a massive ring.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP3013811.5 | 1980-04-10 | ||
| DE19803013811 DE3013811A1 (en) | 1980-04-10 | 1980-04-10 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING TEXTURED ENDLESS THREADS |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1161223A true CA1161223A (en) | 1984-01-31 |
Family
ID=6099679
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000374147A Expired CA1161223A (en) | 1980-04-10 | 1981-03-30 | Process and apparatus for the manufacture of texturized continuous filaments |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0037926A3 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1161223A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3013811A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3714610A1 (en) * | 1987-05-01 | 1988-11-10 | Bayer Ag | DEVICE FOR CRAWLING LARGE FILAMENT TABLES |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH530489A (en) * | 1970-02-11 | 1972-11-15 | Basf Ag | Textured synthetic yarns mfre |
| DE2144479A1 (en) * | 1971-09-06 | 1973-03-22 | Neumuenster Masch App | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CURLING FAEDES |
| DE2331045B2 (en) * | 1973-06-19 | 1977-01-20 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | DEVICE FOR TEXTURING FAEDS |
| US3955253A (en) * | 1973-10-11 | 1976-05-11 | Textured Yarn Co. | Strand treatment apparatus |
| US3908248A (en) * | 1974-06-17 | 1975-09-30 | Basf Ag | Apparatus for texturizing filaments |
| DE2828306C2 (en) * | 1978-06-28 | 1982-07-08 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Device for blow texturing thermoplastic textile yarn |
-
1980
- 1980-04-10 DE DE19803013811 patent/DE3013811A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1981
- 1981-03-23 EP EP19810102168 patent/EP0037926A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1981-03-30 CA CA000374147A patent/CA1161223A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3013811A1 (en) | 1981-10-15 |
| EP0037926A2 (en) | 1981-10-21 |
| EP0037926A3 (en) | 1982-03-03 |
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