CA1157217A - Double hull type oil tank system whose inner tank is immersed in water - Google Patents
Double hull type oil tank system whose inner tank is immersed in waterInfo
- Publication number
- CA1157217A CA1157217A CA000396153A CA396153A CA1157217A CA 1157217 A CA1157217 A CA 1157217A CA 000396153 A CA000396153 A CA 000396153A CA 396153 A CA396153 A CA 396153A CA 1157217 A CA1157217 A CA 1157217A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tank
- oil
- water
- inner tank
- double hull
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure A double hull type oil tank system which is con-structed by building an inner tank whose peripheral wall is provided at the lower end with a communication hole in an outer tank. whose upper portion is left open, and is designed to store oil in the inner tank immersed in water in a state floating on the water held in said inner tank.
Description
~ ~7217 This invention relates to a double hull type oil tank system whose inner tank is built in an outer tank filled with water and wherein oil is held in said inner tank in a state floating on the water.
When distinguished by the roof structure, the con-ventional cylindrical oil tanks can be classiEied into the fixed roof type and the floating roof type. These two conventional types of cylindrical oil tank are accompanied with the undermentioned drawbacks.
I. Fixed roof type oil tank (1) The tank roof i5 provided with a ventilation valve. The tank itsel~ performs breathing when oil is taken into or out of the tank and also due to changes in ambient temperature, leading to heavy vapor loss of the stored oil and the resultant environmental pollution.
When distinguished by the roof structure, the con-ventional cylindrical oil tanks can be classiEied into the fixed roof type and the floating roof type. These two conventional types of cylindrical oil tank are accompanied with the undermentioned drawbacks.
I. Fixed roof type oil tank (1) The tank roof i5 provided with a ventilation valve. The tank itsel~ performs breathing when oil is taken into or out of the tank and also due to changes in ambient temperature, leading to heavy vapor loss of the stored oil and the resultant environmental pollution.
(2) When oil is discharged, air brought into the tank through the ventilation valve is mixed with oil gas vapor, resulting in the danger of the tank being filled with explosive gasses.
(3) The fixed roof type oil tank generally involves a higher construction cost, and moreover a longer construction period, and is unavailable as a large capacity tank.
II. Floating roof type oil tank This floating roof type oil tank has been developed by eliminating the above-mentioned drawbacks, but is still accompanied~with the following difficulties.
I ~ S ~2 1 '~
(1) Problems are raised regarding the construction of a weather hood intended to prevent rain from seeping into interspaces between the periphery of the roof of the floating tank and the peripheral wall thereof. Many devices have been proposed to suppress the occurrence of such difficultly. To date, however, no reliable tech-nique has been established for the full prevention of rain intrusion.
(2) Similar difficulties to those described in Item (1) above arise regarding to a construction of sealing a space between the peripheral wall of the floating tank and pontoonO
(3) The floating roof type oil tank is safer from a fire than the fixed roof type, and yet is accompanied with the danger of the so-called rim fire taking place between the pontoon and the peripheral wall of the oil tank.
II. Floating roof type oil tank This floating roof type oil tank has been developed by eliminating the above-mentioned drawbacks, but is still accompanied~with the following difficulties.
I ~ S ~2 1 '~
(1) Problems are raised regarding the construction of a weather hood intended to prevent rain from seeping into interspaces between the periphery of the roof of the floating tank and the peripheral wall thereof. Many devices have been proposed to suppress the occurrence of such difficultly. To date, however, no reliable tech-nique has been established for the full prevention of rain intrusion.
(2) Similar difficulties to those described in Item (1) above arise regarding to a construction of sealing a space between the peripheral wall of the floating tank and pontoonO
(3) The floating roof type oil tank is safer from a fire than the fixed roof type, and yet is accompanied with the danger of the so-called rim fire taking place between the pontoon and the peripheral wall of the oil tank.
(4) Vapor losses of the stored oil are more promi-nently reduced than in the fixed roof type oil tank.
However, when the floating roof is made to rise or fallt then operation losses result from the evaporati~n of oil deposited on the peripheral wall of the floating roof type oil tank.
III. Problems arising in common to both types of oil tank are (1) the corrosion of the bottom board, (2) the breakage of the proximity of an annular 1 15~217 plate due to the irregular sinking of the yround or earthqnake shocks, (3) Leaka~e of oil from the tank due to its sloshing resultiny from an earthquake and outbreak of resultant fires.
It is accordingly the objèct of this in~ention to provide a double hull type oil tank system whose inner tank is immersed in water, and which eliminates the vapor loss of stored oil and is improved in resistance to fire, earthquake and weather.
To attain the above~mentioned object, this inven-tion provides an oil tank system which is constructed by the steps of:
fixing the peripheral wall of an inner tank whose lS ceiling is fitted with an oil inlet-outlet pipe to the bottom board of an outer tank which is open at the top;
connecting the peripheral walls of the inner and outer tanks by coupling members to provide a double-hull structure;
fitting a water pipe surrounding the inner tank to the lower end portion of the outer tank;
mounting an overflow pipe on the upper end portion of the outer tank;
drilling a port at the lower end portion of the inner tank to effect communication between the inner and outer tanks;
and which is designed to store oil in the inner I 1 57~ 7 tank in a s~ate floatin~ on the water filled in the outer ~ank.
This invention can be more ~ully understood Erom the following detailed description when taken in con-junction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
The figure is a longitudinal sectional view of a double hull type oil tank system embodying this inven-tion, whose inner tank is immersed in water.
Description is now given with reference to the accompanying drawing of a double hull type oil tank system embodying this invention whose inner tank is immersed in water. Reference numeral 1 denotes an outer steel tank which is formed of a bottom board 2 and peripheral wall 3, is open at the top and is set on a base mound 4. The bottom board 2 is downward inclined toward the center. Reference numeral 5 is a water pipe connected to the center of the bottom board 2 in order to enable water W to be delivered from a water storage tank 6 to the outer tank 1 by means of a pump 7. The pipe 5 is also used to draw off water applied in clean-ing the inside of the outer tank 1. Reference numeral 8 is a baffle board so positioned as to face the opening of the water pipe 5 directed to the interior of the outer tank 1. This baffle board 8 is intended to de~
flect the pumped water W crosswise of the outer tank 1 instead of ejecting said water W straight upward. Re-ference numeral 10 is an inner steel tank which is 1 157~1~
formed of a peripheral walL :L1 and ceiling 12. This inner tank 10 is set inside of the outer tank 1. The lower end portion o-f the peripheral ~all 11 of said inner tank 10 is fixed to the bottom board 2 of the outer tank 1. The ceiling 12 of the inner tank 10 is upward inclined toward the enter. The peripheral wall 11 of the inner tank 10 and the peripheral wall 3 of the outer tank 1 are connected together at upper and lower portions by connecting members 13 ormed of annular dia-phragms whose cross section is shaped like the letter I,thereby providing a double hull type oil tank system.
The web section of the connecting diaphragm member 13 is drilled with a hole 13a allowing for the passage of water W. Reference numeral lla is a hole provided at the lower end of the peripheral wall 11 of the inner tank 10 to effect communication between the inner and outer tanks 10 and 1. Reference numeral 15 denotes an oil inlet-outlet pipe connected to the center of the ceiling 12 of the inner tank 10. Oil L is let to flow through said inlet-outlet pipe 15 by means of a pump 1~.
The opening of the inlet-outlet pipe 15 which faces the ceiling 12 of the inner tank 10 is provided with a baffle board 8 as in the case of the water pipe 5.
Reference numeral 17 is an air-discharging valve set at the highest position of the oil inlet-oulet pipe 15.
Reference numeral 18 is an overflow pipe of water W laid at the upper end portion of the peripheral wall 3 of the 1 ~7~
outer tank 1. Reference numeral lg is a level gauye disposed at the lower end portion of the peripheral wall 11 of the inner tank 10 to detect a boundary A between the oil L and water W within the inner tank 10.
While oil L is first taken into the inner tank 10, the air-discharging valve 17 is left open, and there-after water W is supplied from the water storage tank 6 to the outer tank 1 by the pump 7, until the water W
overflows from the outer tank 1, thereby causing the inner tank 10 to be completely immersed in water W.
Then the pump 16 is actuated to draw off air from the rising portion of the oil in]et-outlet pipe 15. With the air-discharging valve 17 shut, oil L is taken into the inner tank 10 with pressure. As a result, the water W left in the inner tank 10 is forced out by the oil L
introduced with pressure. The boundary A between the oil L and water W within the inner tank 10 gradually falls. The water W thus discharged is returned to the storage tank 6 through the overflow pipe 18. Since the open end of the oil inlet pipe 15 is provided with a baffle board 8, the boundary A between the oil L and water W falls without being disturbed, becuase the oil L
is forcefully spread all around by means of said baffle board 8 instead of being ejected straight downward.
When the level gauge 19 detects that the boundary A has fallen to the prescribed level, then the pump 16 is stopped. Thus the oil L is stored in the inner tank 10 2 ~ 7 in a state floating on the ~ater W filled in the outer tank 1.
Where the stored oil L is cJischaryed, the water pump 7 is actuated to supply water to the outer tank 1 in a larger amount than that of the discharged oil, thereby causing the water to overflow through the overflow pipe 1~. While this condition is maintained, no void space arises, namely, no negative pressure pre-vails in the inner tank 10, thereby enabling the inner tank lO to be always immersed in water W. Under this condition, the pump 16 is started to discharge oil through the oil pipe 15. In this case, too, the open end of the water pipe 5 fitted with the baffle board 8 enables the boundary A between the oil L and water W
within the inner tank 10 to progressively rise without being disturbed. The second and subsequent steps of ~illing and discharging oil L are taken in the same manner as described above. Where the maintenance and cleaning of the inner and outer tanks 10, 1 are per-formed, oil L is first drawn off by the above-mentioned process, and then the water left in the outer tank 1 is drained through the water pipe 5.
The inner and outer tanks 10 and 1 need not be made of a steel plate, but instead may be prepared from concrete. Further, both tanks 10 and 1 may be built underground regardless of the material. The connecting member 13 for bonding the peripheral walls of both inner I :~$7~1~
ancl outer tanks 10, 1 may be provided discontinuously, instead of beiny mounted all along the peripheral wall of the inner tank 10. Moreover, the cross section of said connecting member 13 need not be shaped like the letter I. Where both inner and outer tanks 10, 1 are made of concrete, then said connecting member 13 may also be prepared from concret.
The liquid surrounding the inner tank 10 well ser-ves the purpose, provided it is uninflammable and heavier than oil L to be stored. The liquid need not be limited to water. It is generally sufficient to con-struct a single water storage tank 6 for each oil storage base consisting of a group of oil tanks. Water used to surround the oil tank may be supplied from a lake, river, or sea. The exi.sting oil tank can be easily modified into the type embodying this invention.
The double hull type oil tank system of the inven-tion whose inner tank is immersed in water has the following advantages:
(1) The peripheral walls of both inner and outer tanks are bonded together by connecting means to provide a double hull type. Therefore, the subject oil tank system has a sufficiently great rigidity, or registance to wind forces to dispense with the fitting of a wind girder as has been required for the conventional oil tank.
(2) Oil is stored in an inner tank in a state ~ ~5721~
floatin~ on the water filled in an outer tank. No oil vapors come out of the inner tank, completely elimi-nating the vapor loss of the stored oil. Consequently, problems do not arise which might result from the leak of oil vapors or explosive caused by oil vapors mixed with air.
(3) The inner tank which is completely surrounded with water is very effectively protected from the spread of an external fire or its own fire damage.
(4) The inner tank is full surrounded by water heavier than oil. Should, therefore, the inner tank be damaged, oil only floats on the water held in the outer tank, and does not leak from the oil tank system. In case the outer tank is damaged, for example, by an earthquake shock, the liquid which is first drawn out is water held in the outer tank. Therefore, the leakage of oil can be effectively prevented by taking such measures as transpose the oil of said defective tank to another safe tank before the ultimate efflux of oil.
However, when the floating roof is made to rise or fallt then operation losses result from the evaporati~n of oil deposited on the peripheral wall of the floating roof type oil tank.
III. Problems arising in common to both types of oil tank are (1) the corrosion of the bottom board, (2) the breakage of the proximity of an annular 1 15~217 plate due to the irregular sinking of the yround or earthqnake shocks, (3) Leaka~e of oil from the tank due to its sloshing resultiny from an earthquake and outbreak of resultant fires.
It is accordingly the objèct of this in~ention to provide a double hull type oil tank system whose inner tank is immersed in water, and which eliminates the vapor loss of stored oil and is improved in resistance to fire, earthquake and weather.
To attain the above~mentioned object, this inven-tion provides an oil tank system which is constructed by the steps of:
fixing the peripheral wall of an inner tank whose lS ceiling is fitted with an oil inlet-outlet pipe to the bottom board of an outer tank which is open at the top;
connecting the peripheral walls of the inner and outer tanks by coupling members to provide a double-hull structure;
fitting a water pipe surrounding the inner tank to the lower end portion of the outer tank;
mounting an overflow pipe on the upper end portion of the outer tank;
drilling a port at the lower end portion of the inner tank to effect communication between the inner and outer tanks;
and which is designed to store oil in the inner I 1 57~ 7 tank in a s~ate floatin~ on the water filled in the outer ~ank.
This invention can be more ~ully understood Erom the following detailed description when taken in con-junction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
The figure is a longitudinal sectional view of a double hull type oil tank system embodying this inven-tion, whose inner tank is immersed in water.
Description is now given with reference to the accompanying drawing of a double hull type oil tank system embodying this invention whose inner tank is immersed in water. Reference numeral 1 denotes an outer steel tank which is formed of a bottom board 2 and peripheral wall 3, is open at the top and is set on a base mound 4. The bottom board 2 is downward inclined toward the center. Reference numeral 5 is a water pipe connected to the center of the bottom board 2 in order to enable water W to be delivered from a water storage tank 6 to the outer tank 1 by means of a pump 7. The pipe 5 is also used to draw off water applied in clean-ing the inside of the outer tank 1. Reference numeral 8 is a baffle board so positioned as to face the opening of the water pipe 5 directed to the interior of the outer tank 1. This baffle board 8 is intended to de~
flect the pumped water W crosswise of the outer tank 1 instead of ejecting said water W straight upward. Re-ference numeral 10 is an inner steel tank which is 1 157~1~
formed of a peripheral walL :L1 and ceiling 12. This inner tank 10 is set inside of the outer tank 1. The lower end portion o-f the peripheral ~all 11 of said inner tank 10 is fixed to the bottom board 2 of the outer tank 1. The ceiling 12 of the inner tank 10 is upward inclined toward the enter. The peripheral wall 11 of the inner tank 10 and the peripheral wall 3 of the outer tank 1 are connected together at upper and lower portions by connecting members 13 ormed of annular dia-phragms whose cross section is shaped like the letter I,thereby providing a double hull type oil tank system.
The web section of the connecting diaphragm member 13 is drilled with a hole 13a allowing for the passage of water W. Reference numeral lla is a hole provided at the lower end of the peripheral wall 11 of the inner tank 10 to effect communication between the inner and outer tanks 10 and 1. Reference numeral 15 denotes an oil inlet-outlet pipe connected to the center of the ceiling 12 of the inner tank 10. Oil L is let to flow through said inlet-outlet pipe 15 by means of a pump 1~.
The opening of the inlet-outlet pipe 15 which faces the ceiling 12 of the inner tank 10 is provided with a baffle board 8 as in the case of the water pipe 5.
Reference numeral 17 is an air-discharging valve set at the highest position of the oil inlet-oulet pipe 15.
Reference numeral 18 is an overflow pipe of water W laid at the upper end portion of the peripheral wall 3 of the 1 ~7~
outer tank 1. Reference numeral lg is a level gauye disposed at the lower end portion of the peripheral wall 11 of the inner tank 10 to detect a boundary A between the oil L and water W within the inner tank 10.
While oil L is first taken into the inner tank 10, the air-discharging valve 17 is left open, and there-after water W is supplied from the water storage tank 6 to the outer tank 1 by the pump 7, until the water W
overflows from the outer tank 1, thereby causing the inner tank 10 to be completely immersed in water W.
Then the pump 16 is actuated to draw off air from the rising portion of the oil in]et-outlet pipe 15. With the air-discharging valve 17 shut, oil L is taken into the inner tank 10 with pressure. As a result, the water W left in the inner tank 10 is forced out by the oil L
introduced with pressure. The boundary A between the oil L and water W within the inner tank 10 gradually falls. The water W thus discharged is returned to the storage tank 6 through the overflow pipe 18. Since the open end of the oil inlet pipe 15 is provided with a baffle board 8, the boundary A between the oil L and water W falls without being disturbed, becuase the oil L
is forcefully spread all around by means of said baffle board 8 instead of being ejected straight downward.
When the level gauge 19 detects that the boundary A has fallen to the prescribed level, then the pump 16 is stopped. Thus the oil L is stored in the inner tank 10 2 ~ 7 in a state floating on the ~ater W filled in the outer tank 1.
Where the stored oil L is cJischaryed, the water pump 7 is actuated to supply water to the outer tank 1 in a larger amount than that of the discharged oil, thereby causing the water to overflow through the overflow pipe 1~. While this condition is maintained, no void space arises, namely, no negative pressure pre-vails in the inner tank 10, thereby enabling the inner tank lO to be always immersed in water W. Under this condition, the pump 16 is started to discharge oil through the oil pipe 15. In this case, too, the open end of the water pipe 5 fitted with the baffle board 8 enables the boundary A between the oil L and water W
within the inner tank 10 to progressively rise without being disturbed. The second and subsequent steps of ~illing and discharging oil L are taken in the same manner as described above. Where the maintenance and cleaning of the inner and outer tanks 10, 1 are per-formed, oil L is first drawn off by the above-mentioned process, and then the water left in the outer tank 1 is drained through the water pipe 5.
The inner and outer tanks 10 and 1 need not be made of a steel plate, but instead may be prepared from concrete. Further, both tanks 10 and 1 may be built underground regardless of the material. The connecting member 13 for bonding the peripheral walls of both inner I :~$7~1~
ancl outer tanks 10, 1 may be provided discontinuously, instead of beiny mounted all along the peripheral wall of the inner tank 10. Moreover, the cross section of said connecting member 13 need not be shaped like the letter I. Where both inner and outer tanks 10, 1 are made of concrete, then said connecting member 13 may also be prepared from concret.
The liquid surrounding the inner tank 10 well ser-ves the purpose, provided it is uninflammable and heavier than oil L to be stored. The liquid need not be limited to water. It is generally sufficient to con-struct a single water storage tank 6 for each oil storage base consisting of a group of oil tanks. Water used to surround the oil tank may be supplied from a lake, river, or sea. The exi.sting oil tank can be easily modified into the type embodying this invention.
The double hull type oil tank system of the inven-tion whose inner tank is immersed in water has the following advantages:
(1) The peripheral walls of both inner and outer tanks are bonded together by connecting means to provide a double hull type. Therefore, the subject oil tank system has a sufficiently great rigidity, or registance to wind forces to dispense with the fitting of a wind girder as has been required for the conventional oil tank.
(2) Oil is stored in an inner tank in a state ~ ~5721~
floatin~ on the water filled in an outer tank. No oil vapors come out of the inner tank, completely elimi-nating the vapor loss of the stored oil. Consequently, problems do not arise which might result from the leak of oil vapors or explosive caused by oil vapors mixed with air.
(3) The inner tank which is completely surrounded with water is very effectively protected from the spread of an external fire or its own fire damage.
(4) The inner tank is full surrounded by water heavier than oil. Should, therefore, the inner tank be damaged, oil only floats on the water held in the outer tank, and does not leak from the oil tank system. In case the outer tank is damaged, for example, by an earthquake shock, the liquid which is first drawn out is water held in the outer tank. Therefore, the leakage of oil can be effectively prevented by taking such measures as transpose the oil of said defective tank to another safe tank before the ultimate efflux of oil.
(5) The double hull type oil tank system of the invention whose inner tank is immersed in water elimina-tes the necessity of fitting a weather hood or seal which has hither raised problems with the floating roof type oil tank. Further, no consideration has to be taken with regard to the seepage of rain into said oil tank system. Even where the surface portion of the water f illed in the outer tank happens to be froæen in a l ~57217 frigid zone, no dificul.ties arise in the operation of the subject oil tank system.
(6) should the double hull -type oil tank system as a whole be shaken vigorously at the occurrence of an earthquake, the oil held in the inner tank is prevented from making such a great sloshing as to leak out of said inner tank.
Claims
1. A double hull type oil tank system whose inner tank is immersed in water and which is constructed by the steps of:
fixing the peripheral wall of an inner tank whose ceiling is fitted with an oil inlet-outlet pipe to the bottom board of an outer tank which is open at the top;
connecting the peripheral walls of the inner and outer tanks by coupling members to provide a double hull structure;
fitting a water pipe surrounding the inner tank to the lower end portion of the outer tank;
mounting an overflow pipe on the upper end portion of the outer tank;
drilling a port at the lower end portion of the inner tank to effect communication between the inner and outer tanks;
and which is designed to store oil in the inner tank in a state floating on the water filled in the outer tank.
fixing the peripheral wall of an inner tank whose ceiling is fitted with an oil inlet-outlet pipe to the bottom board of an outer tank which is open at the top;
connecting the peripheral walls of the inner and outer tanks by coupling members to provide a double hull structure;
fitting a water pipe surrounding the inner tank to the lower end portion of the outer tank;
mounting an overflow pipe on the upper end portion of the outer tank;
drilling a port at the lower end portion of the inner tank to effect communication between the inner and outer tanks;
and which is designed to store oil in the inner tank in a state floating on the water filled in the outer tank.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP56048092A JPS57163673A (en) | 1981-03-31 | 1981-03-31 | Double hull type aerohydrous oil tank |
| JP48092/81 | 1981-03-31 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1157217A true CA1157217A (en) | 1983-11-22 |
Family
ID=12793669
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000396153A Expired CA1157217A (en) | 1981-03-31 | 1982-02-12 | Double hull type oil tank system whose inner tank is immersed in water |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS57163673A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1157217A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1149634B (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ199710A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS59163182A (en) * | 1983-02-23 | 1984-09-14 | 三井建設株式会社 | Liquid storage tank |
-
1981
- 1981-03-31 JP JP56048092A patent/JPS57163673A/en active Granted
-
1982
- 1982-02-11 NZ NZ19971082A patent/NZ199710A/en unknown
- 1982-02-12 CA CA000396153A patent/CA1157217A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-02-12 IT IT19638/82A patent/IT1149634B/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NZ199710A (en) | 1985-01-31 |
| JPS57163673A (en) | 1982-10-07 |
| IT1149634B (en) | 1986-12-03 |
| JPS6152065B2 (en) | 1986-11-11 |
| IT8219638A0 (en) | 1982-02-12 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |