CA1148519A - Toothed roll comminution method and apparatus - Google Patents
Toothed roll comminution method and apparatusInfo
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- CA1148519A CA1148519A CA000346485A CA346485A CA1148519A CA 1148519 A CA1148519 A CA 1148519A CA 000346485 A CA000346485 A CA 000346485A CA 346485 A CA346485 A CA 346485A CA 1148519 A CA1148519 A CA 1148519A
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
A method and a machine for comminuting precompacted or board-like cellulose material, especially for feeding a stoker plant, for example, while using a roll pair (4, 5) for receiving the material, where each roll (e.g. 4) is provided about its periphery with alternating projections (6) and depressions (7) corresponding to depressions (7) and projections (6) on the second roll (5) in each such pair, which is driven with the same peripheral velocity for both rolls (4, 5). Said projections (6) and depressions (7) along the periphery and axially can have pyramidal shape, for example, the distance between the rolls being adjustable such that the sum of the radius to the crest of a projection (6) on one roll (4) and the radius to the bottom of a depression (7) on the corresponding roll (5) and complemental to said projection (-6) is less that the distance between the central axes (9, 10) of the rolls.
A method and a machine for comminuting precompacted or board-like cellulose material, especially for feeding a stoker plant, for example, while using a roll pair (4, 5) for receiving the material, where each roll (e.g. 4) is provided about its periphery with alternating projections (6) and depressions (7) corresponding to depressions (7) and projections (6) on the second roll (5) in each such pair, which is driven with the same peripheral velocity for both rolls (4, 5). Said projections (6) and depressions (7) along the periphery and axially can have pyramidal shape, for example, the distance between the rolls being adjustable such that the sum of the radius to the crest of a projection (6) on one roll (4) and the radius to the bottom of a depression (7) on the corresponding roll (5) and complemental to said projection (-6) is less that the distance between the central axes (9, 10) of the rolls.
Description
~1485~9 E G L Erlksson, Valberg A method of comminuting for combustion such wood or cellulose material as is precompressed, or board- or strip-like per se, and an apparatus for carrying out the method . _ . _ . . .
The ~nvention relates to a method and aPparatus for comminuting for combustion or gasification, suitably in conjunction with a stoker, of wood or cellulose material, for example, such as is precompressed, or board- or strip-like per se, such as waste or offcuts from wood, chip or fiber material, logging de~ris or household waste etc.
.
Stoking equipment is known for feeding steam boilers with wood chips, for example, wherein a screw is used to feed the chips from a hopper and into the combustion chamber of the boiler.
Equipment is also known, in which a moving grate feeds fuel from a fuel hopper to a water pine boiler, for example.
However, for board-like or strip-like wood or cellulose material or logging debris or household waste, which by means of precompression can be spread out and precompressed, there i8 no suitable equipment for rational recovery o~ the heat from such waste material.
In actual fact, about 2% of the total chip board production results in waste which is unusable for buildin~ purposes and which is at present dumped or otherwise ~ot rid of.
~either can logging debris or household waste ~e utilized for the generation of heat in a rational way at present.
The present invention intends to remedy this deficiency, and consists primarily of a method of comminuting the material in question, wherein it is first advanced under a feed and/or 1~48519 spreadlng or precompressing means (roll or the like) and is thereafter taken ln between comminuting rolls, which can he made up from rings, and arranged in pairs, suitably in direct conjunction with the combustion or gasification location, where each such roll is provided with projections and de~ressions formed wavily, trapezoidally, pyramidally or conically, and where the rolls in each pair are adated in relation to each other such that the projections of one roll partly engage in the depressions of the other roll, the rolls being disposed at a distance from each other such that the substantially board-shaped material is gripped between the rolls, and during its passage therebetween is bent between the projections and depressions of the rolls until rupture occurs by exceeding the ultimate elongation, shearing and/or compression strength of the material, which is thus directly comminuted into pieces suitable for combustion or gasification.
The invention also relates to a special comminuting ap~aratus or machine for feeding a combustion or gasification ap~aratus (e.g. stoker equiPment) with wood or cellulose material which is precompacted or board- or strip-alike per se, for carrying out the said method, the invention substantially consisting of the machine containing at least one roll pair for receiving the material, where each roll is provided with mutually alternating projections and depressions aroun~ its periphery, corresponding to depressions and projections, respectively, on the other roll in each such pair, which is driven with the same peripheral velocity for both rolls, said projections and depressions having at least along the circumference, but suitably also axially, a form which is corrugated, trapezoidal, pyramidal or conical, the projections on one roll engaging in the depressions corresponding thereto on the other roll, the spaclng between the rolls being adjustable such that the sum of a radius to the crest of a projec~ion on one roll and the radius to the bottom of the comple~entary depression on the other roll is less than the distance between the central axes of the rolls.
The invention otherwise relates to the characterizing features more closely disclosed by subclaims 2-5 and 7~
1~8519 Since, in accordance with the invention, a fuel material is used which is board- or stri~-like, or the fuel material is pretreated so that a nrecompacted layer thereof is sunnlied to the comminuting rolls, the advantages are gained that the comminuting apparatus will funcion such that the material advances itself, that it will be conservative of energy anfl can be driven with a very small motor, that it will run com~ara-tively ~uietly, that it discharges a uniform lum~ size suitable for combustion, and that the apparatus will be robust and easily manufactured, by enabling the roll cylinders or rings themselves to be cast iron or forged and thus not require the observation of any accurate tolerances. Finally, the apparatus looks after itself automatically and requires very litte inspection and service. Its ca~acity can also be easily varied by regulating the s~eed of the rolls, and the lump si7e can be regulated by adjusting the distance between the rolls as already mentioned.
The lnvention will now be described in detail while referring t~ the appended drawings, where Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a stoker plant with a - comminuting machine in accordance with the invention, all of which is seen from one si~e, Fig. la is a side view of a suitable ~recomFactor with a roll, and Eig. 2 and 3 a suitable embodiment of a roll ring in accordance with the invention, seen from one side and in cross section, respectively, Fig. 4 is an embodiment with axial corrugations on a roll arranged by mounting a plurality of roll rings in accordance with Figs. 2 and 3 side by side on a tube, and Fig. 5 illustrates two coacting rolls or roll rings seen from one side, but with a more acute shape of the projections and depressions than that in Figs. 2 and 3.
The comminuting machine in accordance with the invention, illustrated together with a stoker ~lant in Fig. 1, comprises a pair of comminuting rolls 4, 5 mounted rotatabiy and movable ~1~8519 in relation to each other about shafts 9 and 1~ on a frame 16.
In the illustrated embodiment example, the frame 15 is placed in immediate conjunction to a feed track 11 in a stoker Plant with a combustion chamber 3 arranged in a boiler. One roll 5 is mounted on a fixed shaft 10, while the other roll is mounted on a shaft 9, yieldingly suspended in glide blocks 17 arranged at either end of the shaft 9, said blocks supporting the bearings of the shaft 9 with the help of springs 1~, and via a piston rod 19 can apply pressure to a piston in a hydraulic cylinder 12. The hydraulic cylinder 12 is connected via a pipe 13 to a pressure accumulator and a bleed valve, neither of which is shown on the drawing. In this way, an incompressible disturbing body which could come between the rolls is caused to unload the hydraulic pressure so that the rolls are moved apart and the body can be removed. The material which is supplied to the comminuting machine in Fig. 1 is conceived to consist of wooden chipboard 1, which is first insertéd under a feed roll 2, mounted in a glide block 21by means of a shaft 2~. The block in turn qlides u~wards and downwards in a frame 22, under the effect of the spring 23, and a screw actuated by a wheel 24/ can be caused to make the roll 2 press harder or less hard on a substructure 2S, which is suspended in the frames 16 and 22, and on which substructure the chipboard 1 is ad~anced. As soon as the forward edge of the chipboard has advanced to the peripheries o the rolls 4 and 5 with their project~ons 6 and depressions 7, the board 1 i5 drawn in between the rolls as a result of these being adjusted at a certaln spacing from each other, corresponding to the thickness of the chipboard 1. The comminuting machine's rolls and 5 are suitably driven at the same Peripheral velocity by spur gears via a reduction gear from a small power source, suitably an electric motor, which is not shown on the drawing.
The power requirement for this drive is insignificant. The spacing between the rolls is selected so that the material fed in, in this case the chipboard 1, is easily drawn in between the rolls. On the discharge side of the rolls, pieces or lumps 8 of a suitable size for combustion or gasification will be fed to the stoker feed track 11. Breaking up of the board 1 occurs by the projections 6 and depressions 7 being formed and the distance between the rolls 4 and 5 selected such that the board 1 ~8519 is bent so much between the Projections 6 and depressions 7 that the ultimate elongation, shearing and/or compression strength of the material is exceeded.
Apart from board-like or strip-like wood or cellulose material, precompressed wood or cellulose material such as waste or rejects of wood, chip or fiber material, logging debris or household waste etc. can also he comminuted. In this case, as is apparent ~rom Fig. la, the spreading or precompresslng means 2, 21, 23, 22 is provided with a ho~per 26 into which the fuel material, e.g. household waste, can be tipped. In this case the wheel 24 is screwed down more tightl~
so that the pressure from the spring 23 causes the roll 2 to press heavily against the substructure 25. A ~recompacted material 1 is thus obtained, which is subsequently fed in between the rolls 4, 5 in the comminuting machine 4, 5, 17, 16 in the same way as the chipboard 1.
As is apparent from Fig. 4, the comminuting rolls 4 and 5 can be built up from roll rings lS thrust onto a tube 14, said rings being provided with projections 6 and depressions 7. In Fig. 4 seven such rings are conceived as being put together into such a roll. The rolls are then car~ied on shafts so that a comminuting machine is formed, of the kind shown as an example in Fig. 1.
The rings for the roll illustrated in Fig. 4 are more closely depicted in Fig. 2, where one such ring is houwn from one side, and in Fig. 3, where it is shown in cross section along the line A-A in Fig. 2.
In Fig. 5 there is indicated a more acute form for the projections 6 and depressions 7, which could be conceivable for thinner and more brittle material, both rolls 15 being shown in the starting position close to each other, although in practice they must be moved apart in correspondence with the thickness of the precompacted material intended for passing between them.
The spacing between the rolls 4 and 5 is intended to be controlled in the comminuting machine illustrated in Fig. 1 by the aid of 1~48519 a hydraulic cylinder 12 with a piston, suoplied with hydraulic fluid at a suitable pressure via the pipe 13. ~30wever, it can also be conceived to allow the adjustment of the relative mutual movement of the rolls to take place mechanically, e.g.
with the aid of vertical screws coacting with nuts arranged at either end of the shaft 9. The movement of the roll 4 up or down can thus be done with the assistance of an electric motor which drives the vertical screws.
With hydraulic actuation of the up and down movement of the roli 4, the inte~ded position of the roll is determined by blocks, against which the roll glide blocks can be caused to rest. The adjustment of the distance between rolls 4 and 5 can be controlled conventionally by a thickness sensor, e.g.
a photocell, on the upsteam side of the comminuting machine.
.
For breaking up rejected chipboard, it is suitable to make the rolls 4, 5 with a length of 260 cm, corresponding to the width of the boards produced.
The adjustment-of the roll spacing between a projection crest 6 and the corresponding depression bottom 7 of the other roll should be between 4 and 40 ~m, for corresponding to Drevalent board thicknesses. If the diameter of the rolls at the projection crests is Dl and the diameter of the rolls at the depression bottoms is D2, with the board thickness being tS and the dlstance between the centres of the rolls LA, then the desired distance 1 2 LA (2 ~ 2 ) ~ tsl and thus LA ~tS + 1 2 As mentioned, a suitable construction of the rolls 4, 5 is to thrust forged or cast roll wheels 15 with a thickness of
The ~nvention relates to a method and aPparatus for comminuting for combustion or gasification, suitably in conjunction with a stoker, of wood or cellulose material, for example, such as is precompressed, or board- or strip-like per se, such as waste or offcuts from wood, chip or fiber material, logging de~ris or household waste etc.
.
Stoking equipment is known for feeding steam boilers with wood chips, for example, wherein a screw is used to feed the chips from a hopper and into the combustion chamber of the boiler.
Equipment is also known, in which a moving grate feeds fuel from a fuel hopper to a water pine boiler, for example.
However, for board-like or strip-like wood or cellulose material or logging debris or household waste, which by means of precompression can be spread out and precompressed, there i8 no suitable equipment for rational recovery o~ the heat from such waste material.
In actual fact, about 2% of the total chip board production results in waste which is unusable for buildin~ purposes and which is at present dumped or otherwise ~ot rid of.
~either can logging debris or household waste ~e utilized for the generation of heat in a rational way at present.
The present invention intends to remedy this deficiency, and consists primarily of a method of comminuting the material in question, wherein it is first advanced under a feed and/or 1~48519 spreadlng or precompressing means (roll or the like) and is thereafter taken ln between comminuting rolls, which can he made up from rings, and arranged in pairs, suitably in direct conjunction with the combustion or gasification location, where each such roll is provided with projections and de~ressions formed wavily, trapezoidally, pyramidally or conically, and where the rolls in each pair are adated in relation to each other such that the projections of one roll partly engage in the depressions of the other roll, the rolls being disposed at a distance from each other such that the substantially board-shaped material is gripped between the rolls, and during its passage therebetween is bent between the projections and depressions of the rolls until rupture occurs by exceeding the ultimate elongation, shearing and/or compression strength of the material, which is thus directly comminuted into pieces suitable for combustion or gasification.
The invention also relates to a special comminuting ap~aratus or machine for feeding a combustion or gasification ap~aratus (e.g. stoker equiPment) with wood or cellulose material which is precompacted or board- or strip-alike per se, for carrying out the said method, the invention substantially consisting of the machine containing at least one roll pair for receiving the material, where each roll is provided with mutually alternating projections and depressions aroun~ its periphery, corresponding to depressions and projections, respectively, on the other roll in each such pair, which is driven with the same peripheral velocity for both rolls, said projections and depressions having at least along the circumference, but suitably also axially, a form which is corrugated, trapezoidal, pyramidal or conical, the projections on one roll engaging in the depressions corresponding thereto on the other roll, the spaclng between the rolls being adjustable such that the sum of a radius to the crest of a projec~ion on one roll and the radius to the bottom of the comple~entary depression on the other roll is less than the distance between the central axes of the rolls.
The invention otherwise relates to the characterizing features more closely disclosed by subclaims 2-5 and 7~
1~8519 Since, in accordance with the invention, a fuel material is used which is board- or stri~-like, or the fuel material is pretreated so that a nrecompacted layer thereof is sunnlied to the comminuting rolls, the advantages are gained that the comminuting apparatus will funcion such that the material advances itself, that it will be conservative of energy anfl can be driven with a very small motor, that it will run com~ara-tively ~uietly, that it discharges a uniform lum~ size suitable for combustion, and that the apparatus will be robust and easily manufactured, by enabling the roll cylinders or rings themselves to be cast iron or forged and thus not require the observation of any accurate tolerances. Finally, the apparatus looks after itself automatically and requires very litte inspection and service. Its ca~acity can also be easily varied by regulating the s~eed of the rolls, and the lump si7e can be regulated by adjusting the distance between the rolls as already mentioned.
The lnvention will now be described in detail while referring t~ the appended drawings, where Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a stoker plant with a - comminuting machine in accordance with the invention, all of which is seen from one si~e, Fig. la is a side view of a suitable ~recomFactor with a roll, and Eig. 2 and 3 a suitable embodiment of a roll ring in accordance with the invention, seen from one side and in cross section, respectively, Fig. 4 is an embodiment with axial corrugations on a roll arranged by mounting a plurality of roll rings in accordance with Figs. 2 and 3 side by side on a tube, and Fig. 5 illustrates two coacting rolls or roll rings seen from one side, but with a more acute shape of the projections and depressions than that in Figs. 2 and 3.
The comminuting machine in accordance with the invention, illustrated together with a stoker ~lant in Fig. 1, comprises a pair of comminuting rolls 4, 5 mounted rotatabiy and movable ~1~8519 in relation to each other about shafts 9 and 1~ on a frame 16.
In the illustrated embodiment example, the frame 15 is placed in immediate conjunction to a feed track 11 in a stoker Plant with a combustion chamber 3 arranged in a boiler. One roll 5 is mounted on a fixed shaft 10, while the other roll is mounted on a shaft 9, yieldingly suspended in glide blocks 17 arranged at either end of the shaft 9, said blocks supporting the bearings of the shaft 9 with the help of springs 1~, and via a piston rod 19 can apply pressure to a piston in a hydraulic cylinder 12. The hydraulic cylinder 12 is connected via a pipe 13 to a pressure accumulator and a bleed valve, neither of which is shown on the drawing. In this way, an incompressible disturbing body which could come between the rolls is caused to unload the hydraulic pressure so that the rolls are moved apart and the body can be removed. The material which is supplied to the comminuting machine in Fig. 1 is conceived to consist of wooden chipboard 1, which is first insertéd under a feed roll 2, mounted in a glide block 21by means of a shaft 2~. The block in turn qlides u~wards and downwards in a frame 22, under the effect of the spring 23, and a screw actuated by a wheel 24/ can be caused to make the roll 2 press harder or less hard on a substructure 2S, which is suspended in the frames 16 and 22, and on which substructure the chipboard 1 is ad~anced. As soon as the forward edge of the chipboard has advanced to the peripheries o the rolls 4 and 5 with their project~ons 6 and depressions 7, the board 1 i5 drawn in between the rolls as a result of these being adjusted at a certaln spacing from each other, corresponding to the thickness of the chipboard 1. The comminuting machine's rolls and 5 are suitably driven at the same Peripheral velocity by spur gears via a reduction gear from a small power source, suitably an electric motor, which is not shown on the drawing.
The power requirement for this drive is insignificant. The spacing between the rolls is selected so that the material fed in, in this case the chipboard 1, is easily drawn in between the rolls. On the discharge side of the rolls, pieces or lumps 8 of a suitable size for combustion or gasification will be fed to the stoker feed track 11. Breaking up of the board 1 occurs by the projections 6 and depressions 7 being formed and the distance between the rolls 4 and 5 selected such that the board 1 ~8519 is bent so much between the Projections 6 and depressions 7 that the ultimate elongation, shearing and/or compression strength of the material is exceeded.
Apart from board-like or strip-like wood or cellulose material, precompressed wood or cellulose material such as waste or rejects of wood, chip or fiber material, logging debris or household waste etc. can also he comminuted. In this case, as is apparent ~rom Fig. la, the spreading or precompresslng means 2, 21, 23, 22 is provided with a ho~per 26 into which the fuel material, e.g. household waste, can be tipped. In this case the wheel 24 is screwed down more tightl~
so that the pressure from the spring 23 causes the roll 2 to press heavily against the substructure 25. A ~recompacted material 1 is thus obtained, which is subsequently fed in between the rolls 4, 5 in the comminuting machine 4, 5, 17, 16 in the same way as the chipboard 1.
As is apparent from Fig. 4, the comminuting rolls 4 and 5 can be built up from roll rings lS thrust onto a tube 14, said rings being provided with projections 6 and depressions 7. In Fig. 4 seven such rings are conceived as being put together into such a roll. The rolls are then car~ied on shafts so that a comminuting machine is formed, of the kind shown as an example in Fig. 1.
The rings for the roll illustrated in Fig. 4 are more closely depicted in Fig. 2, where one such ring is houwn from one side, and in Fig. 3, where it is shown in cross section along the line A-A in Fig. 2.
In Fig. 5 there is indicated a more acute form for the projections 6 and depressions 7, which could be conceivable for thinner and more brittle material, both rolls 15 being shown in the starting position close to each other, although in practice they must be moved apart in correspondence with the thickness of the precompacted material intended for passing between them.
The spacing between the rolls 4 and 5 is intended to be controlled in the comminuting machine illustrated in Fig. 1 by the aid of 1~48519 a hydraulic cylinder 12 with a piston, suoplied with hydraulic fluid at a suitable pressure via the pipe 13. ~30wever, it can also be conceived to allow the adjustment of the relative mutual movement of the rolls to take place mechanically, e.g.
with the aid of vertical screws coacting with nuts arranged at either end of the shaft 9. The movement of the roll 4 up or down can thus be done with the assistance of an electric motor which drives the vertical screws.
With hydraulic actuation of the up and down movement of the roli 4, the inte~ded position of the roll is determined by blocks, against which the roll glide blocks can be caused to rest. The adjustment of the distance between rolls 4 and 5 can be controlled conventionally by a thickness sensor, e.g.
a photocell, on the upsteam side of the comminuting machine.
.
For breaking up rejected chipboard, it is suitable to make the rolls 4, 5 with a length of 260 cm, corresponding to the width of the boards produced.
The adjustment-of the roll spacing between a projection crest 6 and the corresponding depression bottom 7 of the other roll should be between 4 and 40 ~m, for corresponding to Drevalent board thicknesses. If the diameter of the rolls at the projection crests is Dl and the diameter of the rolls at the depression bottoms is D2, with the board thickness being tS and the dlstance between the centres of the rolls LA, then the desired distance 1 2 LA (2 ~ 2 ) ~ tsl and thus LA ~tS + 1 2 As mentioned, a suitable construction of the rolls 4, 5 is to thrust forged or cast roll wheels 15 with a thickness of
2 cm-and a width of 5-10 cm onto a steel tu~e 14 with an outside diameter of 40 cm, for example, the wheels being keyed to the tube.
The roll wheels are provided with projections 6, e.g. in the form of pyramids with bases of 5 x 5 to 10 x 10 cm and a height of 5 to 10 cm.
A suitable outside diamter Dl ~or the roll wheels 15 is from 40 to 120 cm.
The distance between the pyramids in the peripheral direction is determined by the fact that the distance between the flanks of the pyramids should be larger than twice the layer thickness ts ~
It is also suitable that adjacent wheels are relatively displaced by an amount equal tc half the pitch of the pyramids in the peripheral direction.
In this mode there is obtained in the board a rectangular or quadratic pressure pattern, coming from the pyramid apices of two roll wheels with uneven numbers, with a pressure point from a pyramid on an intermediate roll wheel with an even number at the intersection of the diagonals of the rectangle or quadrangle.
.
Broken pieces of the board will then be obtained which have an approximately triangular sha~e.
The driving motor for the rolls can be regulated either in response to the power requirement for the combustion or gasification plant 3 or in response to the amount of material which is supplled to the spreading or precompressing means 2, 21, 22. If the rate of supplying fuel exceeds the power requlrement for the combustion or gasification plant 3, the excessive fuel quantity can be supplied to a buffer store, not shown on~the drawing, placed between the machine 4, 5, 12, 13 and said plant 3. To facilitate insertion of the compacted fuel material between the rolls 4 and 5, it is suitable to allow the connecting line of these shafts 9 and 10 to form an obtuse angle with the input direction of the material.
An advantage from the point of view of manufacture, maintenance and operation is that the rolls are formed as cast iron or forged rings keyed to steel tubes. Rxtremely simple and cheap fabrication with a very robust construction is thus obtained.
-` ~1485~9 Although the invention has been described in conjunction with a pair of embodiments thereof, it can be optionally varied and modified within the scope of the following patent claims.
The roll wheels are provided with projections 6, e.g. in the form of pyramids with bases of 5 x 5 to 10 x 10 cm and a height of 5 to 10 cm.
A suitable outside diamter Dl ~or the roll wheels 15 is from 40 to 120 cm.
The distance between the pyramids in the peripheral direction is determined by the fact that the distance between the flanks of the pyramids should be larger than twice the layer thickness ts ~
It is also suitable that adjacent wheels are relatively displaced by an amount equal tc half the pitch of the pyramids in the peripheral direction.
In this mode there is obtained in the board a rectangular or quadratic pressure pattern, coming from the pyramid apices of two roll wheels with uneven numbers, with a pressure point from a pyramid on an intermediate roll wheel with an even number at the intersection of the diagonals of the rectangle or quadrangle.
.
Broken pieces of the board will then be obtained which have an approximately triangular sha~e.
The driving motor for the rolls can be regulated either in response to the power requirement for the combustion or gasification plant 3 or in response to the amount of material which is supplled to the spreading or precompressing means 2, 21, 22. If the rate of supplying fuel exceeds the power requlrement for the combustion or gasification plant 3, the excessive fuel quantity can be supplied to a buffer store, not shown on~the drawing, placed between the machine 4, 5, 12, 13 and said plant 3. To facilitate insertion of the compacted fuel material between the rolls 4 and 5, it is suitable to allow the connecting line of these shafts 9 and 10 to form an obtuse angle with the input direction of the material.
An advantage from the point of view of manufacture, maintenance and operation is that the rolls are formed as cast iron or forged rings keyed to steel tubes. Rxtremely simple and cheap fabrication with a very robust construction is thus obtained.
-` ~1485~9 Although the invention has been described in conjunction with a pair of embodiments thereof, it can be optionally varied and modified within the scope of the following patent claims.
Claims (21)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method of comminuting for combustion or gasification, suitably in conjunction with a stoker having a feed track of wood or cellulose-containing material for example, which is recompressed or board- or strip- like per se, such as waste or offcuts from wood, chip or fiber material, logging debris or household waste, etc., characterized in that the material in question is first advanced under a feed and/or spreading or precompressing means and is thereafter taken in between comminuting rolls or rings arranged in pairs, suitably in direct conjunction with the combustion or gasification location where each such roll is provided with projections and depressions formed wavily, trapezoidally, pyramidally or conically, and the rolls in each pair being adapted in relation to each other such that the projections of one roll partly engage in the depressions of the other roll, both circumferentially and axially, the rolls being disposed at a distance from each other such that the substantially board-shaped material is gripped between the rolls and during its passage therebetween is bent between the projections and depressions of the rolls until rupture occurs by exceeding the ultimate elongations, shearing and/or compression strength of the material which is directly comminuted, both longitudinally and transversely, into pieces suitable for combustion or gasification.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the rolls is adjustable and selected such that in a position where a projection on one roll and a depression on the other roll lies on a line between the centre lines of both rolls, the distance between the crest of the projection on the one roll and the bottom of the depression on the other roll, measured in the direction of the line, or parallel thereto, is less than the thickness of the strip- or board-like material whereby the material is gripped between the rolls and comminuted into suitable lumps ox pieces.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rotational velocity of the comminuting rolls is regulated in response to the fuel requirements of the combustion or gasification plant thus fed.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 characterized in that the rotational velocity of the comminuting rolls is regulated in response to the fuel requirements of the combustion or gasification plant thus fed, the comminuting rolls being arranged to convey possible feed excess to a buffer store to one side of the stoker feed track.
5. A comminuting apparatus or machine for wood or cellulose material which is precompacted or board- or strip-shaped per se, specially for supplying a combustion or gas-ification apparatus (e.g. a stoker plant), characterized in that it comprises at least one roll pair for receiving the material, where each roll is provided about its periphery with alternating projections and depressions corresponding to depressions and projections respectively, on the second roll in each such pair, which are thereby driven at the same peripheral velocity for both rolls, said projections and depressions being disposed both peripherally and axially of each respective roll and having corrugated, trapezoidal, pyramidal or conical form, the projections on one roll engaging the depressions corresponding thereto on the corresponding other roll, the distance between the rolls being adjustable such that the sum of the radius up to the crest of a projection on one roll and the radius to the bottom of the depression on the corresponding other roll complemental to said crest is less than the distance between the central axes of the rolls,
6. A machine as claimed in claim 5, characterized by an adjusting means for the distance between the rolls which is adapted for adjustment so that the distance constituting the difference between the distance LA between the central axes of the rolls and the sum of one roll's radius D? up to the crest of a projection and the corresponding roll's radius 2 to the bottom of the depression on this roll complemental to said crest will be less than the thickness ts of the fed-in-layer, or that LA - (D?+D?) ? ts.
7. A machine as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that its adjusting means for the distance between the axes of both rolls is controlled mechanically or hydraulically.
8. A machine as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the adjustment means consists of screws arranged between the bearings of the rolls, and driven by a reversible electric motor.
9. A machine as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that adjustment takes place with the aid of the movement of two hydraulic pistons against spacer blocks corresponding to the thickness of the fed-in layer, the machine including hydraulic pressure reducing means for momentarily reducing the hydraulic pressure to zero on changing the blocks.
10. A machine as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that it is provided with a safety device which, when an incompressible disturbing body is fed between the rolls, momentarily unloads the hydraulic pressure with the aid of a bleed valve connected to a pressure accumulator, the accumulator being adapted to temporarily receive the excess of hydraulic liquid caused by the introduction of the disturbing body between the rolls.
11. A machine as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that it is provided on the discharge side of the rolls with a conveying track which is adapted to be temporarily moved to one side, or raised so that the disturbing body can be removed.
12. A machine as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the reversible electric motor is controlled by a thickness sensor arranged upstream of the machine.
13. A machine as claimed in one or more of claims 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that the rolls of the machine are driven via a reduction, e.g. a worm and wheel, by means of an electric or hydraulic motor or an internal combustion engine of a power which is small in comparison to the comminuting capacity of the machine and suitably at a high rate of revolutions.
14. A machine as claimed in one or more of claims 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that the rolls of the machine are driven via a reduction, e.g. a worm and wheel, by means of an electric or hydraulic motor or an internal combustion engine of a power which is small in comparison to the comminuting capacity of the machine and suitably at a high rate of revolutions, the driving motor being regulated either with respect to the power requirement for the combustion or gasification plant or to the amount of material supplied to the machine on its input side.
15. A machine as claimed in one or more of claims 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that the rolls of the machine are driven via a reduction, e.g. a worm and wheel, by means of an electric or hydraulic motor or an internal combustion engine of a power which is small in comparison to the comminuting capacity of the machine and suitably at a high rate of revolutions, the driving motor being regulated either with respect to the power requirement for the combustion or gasification plant or to the amount of material supplied to the machine on its input side, for the last-mentioned case, a possible quantity of fuel exceeding the power requirement for the combustion or gasification plant being supplied to a buffer store between the machine and said plant.
16. A machine as claimed in one or more of claims 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that the rolls of the machine are driven via a reduction, e.g. a worm and wheel, by means of an electric or hydraulic motor or an internal combustion engine of a power which is small in comparison to the comminuting capacity of the machine and suitably at a high rate of revolutions, the driving motor being regulated either with respect to the power requirement for the combustion or gasification plant or to the amount of material supplied to the machine on its input side, for the last-mentioned case, a possible quantity of fuel exceeding the power require-ment for the combustion or gasification plant being supplied to a buffer store between the machine and said plant, the driving motor being regulated with the help of a level monitor in the buffer store.
17. A machine as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the rolls are made as cast iron or forged roll rings placed on and keyed to a steel tube.
18. A machine as claimed in claim 17, characterized in that the roll rings mounted on the steel tube are provided with projections in the shape of pyramids around their periphery.
19. A machine as claimed in claim 18, characterized in that the roll rings are mounted on the steel tube such that those with even numbers are displaced one half of the pitch between the pyramids in relation to the roll rings with odd numbers.
20. A machine as claimed in one or more of claims 17, 18 or 19, characterized in that the outer diameter D1 of the roll rings is within the range of 40 to 120 cm, and that their width is from 5 to 10 cm, and that the height of the pyramids is between 5 and 10 cm.
21. A machine as claimed in one or more of claims 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that the connecting line between the axes of two coacting rolls forms an obtuse angle with the input direction of the material to facilitate its insertion between the rolls.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000346485A CA1148519A (en) | 1980-02-26 | 1980-02-26 | Toothed roll comminution method and apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000346485A CA1148519A (en) | 1980-02-26 | 1980-02-26 | Toothed roll comminution method and apparatus |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1148519A true CA1148519A (en) | 1983-06-21 |
Family
ID=4116331
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000346485A Expired CA1148519A (en) | 1980-02-26 | 1980-02-26 | Toothed roll comminution method and apparatus |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1148519A (en) |
-
1980
- 1980-02-26 CA CA000346485A patent/CA1148519A/en not_active Expired
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| MKEX | Expiry |