CA1127512A - Electrolytic base coating used in the production of high permeability silicon steel - Google Patents
Electrolytic base coating used in the production of high permeability silicon steelInfo
- Publication number
- CA1127512A CA1127512A CA328,400A CA328400A CA1127512A CA 1127512 A CA1127512 A CA 1127512A CA 328400 A CA328400 A CA 328400A CA 1127512 A CA1127512 A CA 1127512A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- boron
- silicon
- silicon steel
- solution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical class [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical class [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical class [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical class [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007581 slurry coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003966 growth inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
- C23D5/00—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers
- C23D5/10—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers with refractory materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1277—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a particular surface treatment
- C21D8/1283—Application of a separating or insulating coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D9/00—Electrolytic coating other than with metals
- C25D9/04—Electrolytic coating other than with metals with inorganic materials
- C25D9/08—Electrolytic coating other than with metals with inorganic materials by cathodic processes
- C25D9/10—Electrolytic coating other than with metals with inorganic materials by cathodic processes on iron or steel
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Steel Electrode Plates (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
ELECTROLYTIC BASE COATING USED IN THE
PRODUCTION OF HIGH PERMEABILITY SILICON STEEL
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A process for producing high permeability electromagnetic silicon steel having a cube-on-edge orientation.
The process includes the steps of: preparing a melt of silicon steel containing from 2.5 to 4.0% silicon; casting; hot rolling, cold rolling; decarburizing; applying a refractory oxide base coating; and final texture annealing. The refractory oxide base coating is applied by electrolyzing an aqueous solution having as a major constituent at least one compound from the group consisting of water soluble salts of calcium, magnesium, manganese and aluminum and as a minor constituent boron,with the steel being arranged as the cathode in the solution; by removing the thus coated steel from the solution;
and by heating the coated steel at an elevated temperature.
PRODUCTION OF HIGH PERMEABILITY SILICON STEEL
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A process for producing high permeability electromagnetic silicon steel having a cube-on-edge orientation.
The process includes the steps of: preparing a melt of silicon steel containing from 2.5 to 4.0% silicon; casting; hot rolling, cold rolling; decarburizing; applying a refractory oxide base coating; and final texture annealing. The refractory oxide base coating is applied by electrolyzing an aqueous solution having as a major constituent at least one compound from the group consisting of water soluble salts of calcium, magnesium, manganese and aluminum and as a minor constituent boron,with the steel being arranged as the cathode in the solution; by removing the thus coated steel from the solution;
and by heating the coated steel at an elevated temperature.
Description
The present invention relates to an improvement in the manufacture of grain-oriented silicon steel.
United States Patent No. 3,054,732 di~closes a process for electrolytically applying a refractory base coating on magnetic silicon steel. In accordance therewith, an a~ueous solution consisting essentially of at least one compound frDm the group consisting of water soluble salts of calcium, ~agnesium, ~anganese and aluminum is electrolyzed, with the silicon steel arranged as the cathode in the solution. The ,. 1 1 coating is characterized by adherence and insulating qualities which exceed the corresponding characteristics for slurry coatings.
Through the present invention there is now provided a process wherein an addition is made to the elec~rolyte of Patent No. 3,054,732 in order to improve the magnetic quality of the resulting grain-oriented silicon steel. By adding boron to the electrolyte, the present invention provides a process which reaps the benefits of electrolytic base coatings; and yet one, which provides a high permeability cube-on-edge oriented steel.
A number of references, including United States Patent Nos. 3,676,227, 3,700,506 and 3,945,862 disclose slurry coatings containing boron. Slurry coatings are, however, quite dissimilar from electrolytic coatings. The shape of particles applied electrolytically are different from those applied through a slurry. The reaction between substrate and coating is different. Slurry coatings are very friable prior to annealing, whereas electrolytic coatings are not. On the other hand, electrolytic coatings generate considerably more water during texture annealing. In light of these differences, the subject invention provides a significant advance in the state of the art.
It is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide an improvement in the manufacture of grain-oriented silicon steel.
1 In accordance with the present invention a melt of silicon steel containing, by weight, up to 0.07% carbon, up to 0.24~ manganese, up to 0.09~ of material from the group consisting of sulfur and selenium, up to 0.05% aluminum, up to 0.02% nitrogen, up to 1.0% copper and from 2.5 to 4.0% silicon is subjected to the conventional steps of: casting, hot rolling; one or more cold rollings; an intermediate normalize when two or more cold rollings are employed; decarburizing;
application of a refractory oxide coating; and final texture annealing; and to the improvement of applying said refractory oxide coating by electrolyzing an aqueous solution having as a major constituent at least one compound from the group consisting of water soluble salts of calcium, magnesium, manganese and aluminum and as a minor constituent boron, with the steel being arranged as the cathode in the solution; by removing the thus coated steel from the solution; and by heating the coated -steel at an elevated temperature. The electrolyte forms and -deposits a boron-bearing adherent coating of the hydroxide of the cation of the water soluble salt. The boron-bearing adherent coating has at least 3 ppm boron based on the weight of the steel. In general, the boron content will not exceed 100 ppm. The refractory oxide coating forms when the coated ~teel is heated at an elevated temperature. This usually occurs during the final texture anneal. Specific processing as to the conventional steps is not critical and can be in accordance with that specified in the heretofore referred to patents, as well as Patent No. 3,855,020. The term casting is intended to include continuous casting processes. A hot rolled band beat treatment is also includable within the scope 51'~, 1 of the present invention. Steel produced in accordance with the present invention generally has a permeability of at least 1890 (G/Oe) at 10 oersteds. Although there is reason to believe that any number of silicon steel meltfi can be treated in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, melts consisting essentially of, by weight, from 0.02 to 0.07%
carbon, rom 0.01 to 0.24% manganese, from 0.005 to 0.09% of material from the group consisting of sulfur and selenium, from 0.015 to 0.05% aluminum, up to 0.02% nitrogen, up to 1.0%
copper, from 2.5 to 4.0% silicon, balance iron, appear to be particularly adaptable thereto.
The electrolyte is preferably formed from a boron-bearing compound of calcium and/or magnesium. The boron can be chemically combined or physically attached thereto. A
preferred substance is borated magnesia. Other substances are also includable within the electrolyte. They include grain growth inhibitors such as sulfur. Acids such as acetic acid are added to react with the compounds which form the water soluble salts. As an alkaline coating is being applied, the p~ of the electrolyte should be at least 7. The electrolyte is generally maintained at a temperature of at least 120F.
The following examples are illustrative of several aspects of the invention.
A heat of silicon steel ~as cast and processed into silicon steel having a cube-on-edge orientation. The chemistry of the melt appears hereinbelow in Table I.
1 '>~t2~
1 Table I
Composition (Wt. ~) C MnS Al ~ Cu _ B Si Ee 0.0550.130.043 0.029 0.0055 0~19 0.0004 2.92 Bal.
Processing for the steel involved soaking at an elevated temperature for several hours; hot rolling to a nominal gage of 0.080 inch, hot roll band normalizing, cold rolling to final gage, decarburizing~ applying a refractory oxide base coating as described in the next paragraph and final texture annealing.
The refractory oxide base coating was applied by electrolyzing an aqueous solution with the steel being arranged as the cathode in the solution, by removing the thus coated steel from the solution and by heating the coated steel at an eleva~ted temperature. The heating was carried out during the texture anneal. The electrolyte was prepared by mixing 24.1 ml.
acetic acid with 8.5 grams borated magnesia and 976 ml. of water. The borated magnesia contained 0.14~ boron. Coating was carried out at a current density of 0.044 amperes per square cm. for 33 seconds at a temperature of 150F. The coating had approximately 6 ppm boron based on the weight of the steel.
Eight specimens of the steel (Specimens A through ~
were tested for permeability and core loss. The results of the tests appear hereinbelow in Table II.
5~
PERMEABILITY CORE LOSS
SPECIMEN GAGE (at 100e~ lWPP at 17KB) A 0.0117 1942 0.703 B 0.0115 1941 0.691 C 0.0114 1936 0.692 D 0.0113 1896 0.773 E 0.0116 1936 0.673 F 0.0114 1936 0.670 G 0.0114 1936 0.671 ~ 0.0113 1922 0.700 The benefit of incorporating boron in the electrolyte is clearly evident from Table II. All eight specimens had a permeability in excess of 1890 (G/Oe) at 10 oersteds, and for the most part a core loss of less than 0.700 watts per pound at 17 KB. Coating adherence was excellent.
Three other specimens (Specimens I through K) from the same heat were processed in a similar manner, but with an electrolyte to which boron was not added. The magnetic properties for these specimens appears hereinbelow in Table III.
TABLE III
PERMEABILITY CORE LOSS
SPECIMEN GAGE(at 10 Oe) (WPP at 17KB) I 0.0115 1876 0.816 J 0.0115 1890 0.803 K 0.0116 1885 0.815 Note that not one of these specimens had a permeability in eYcess of 1890. Also note the high core loss for these 1 specimens. The magnetic properties for Specimens A through ~
are significantly superior to those for Specimens I through R.
Specimens A through H were processed in accordance with the present invention, whereas Specimens I through K were not.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the novel principles of the invention disclosed herein in connection with specific examples thereof will suggest various other modifications and applications of the same. It is accordingly desired that in construing the breadth of the appended claims they shall not be limited to the specific examples of the invention described herein.
United States Patent No. 3,054,732 di~closes a process for electrolytically applying a refractory base coating on magnetic silicon steel. In accordance therewith, an a~ueous solution consisting essentially of at least one compound frDm the group consisting of water soluble salts of calcium, ~agnesium, ~anganese and aluminum is electrolyzed, with the silicon steel arranged as the cathode in the solution. The ,. 1 1 coating is characterized by adherence and insulating qualities which exceed the corresponding characteristics for slurry coatings.
Through the present invention there is now provided a process wherein an addition is made to the elec~rolyte of Patent No. 3,054,732 in order to improve the magnetic quality of the resulting grain-oriented silicon steel. By adding boron to the electrolyte, the present invention provides a process which reaps the benefits of electrolytic base coatings; and yet one, which provides a high permeability cube-on-edge oriented steel.
A number of references, including United States Patent Nos. 3,676,227, 3,700,506 and 3,945,862 disclose slurry coatings containing boron. Slurry coatings are, however, quite dissimilar from electrolytic coatings. The shape of particles applied electrolytically are different from those applied through a slurry. The reaction between substrate and coating is different. Slurry coatings are very friable prior to annealing, whereas electrolytic coatings are not. On the other hand, electrolytic coatings generate considerably more water during texture annealing. In light of these differences, the subject invention provides a significant advance in the state of the art.
It is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide an improvement in the manufacture of grain-oriented silicon steel.
1 In accordance with the present invention a melt of silicon steel containing, by weight, up to 0.07% carbon, up to 0.24~ manganese, up to 0.09~ of material from the group consisting of sulfur and selenium, up to 0.05% aluminum, up to 0.02% nitrogen, up to 1.0% copper and from 2.5 to 4.0% silicon is subjected to the conventional steps of: casting, hot rolling; one or more cold rollings; an intermediate normalize when two or more cold rollings are employed; decarburizing;
application of a refractory oxide coating; and final texture annealing; and to the improvement of applying said refractory oxide coating by electrolyzing an aqueous solution having as a major constituent at least one compound from the group consisting of water soluble salts of calcium, magnesium, manganese and aluminum and as a minor constituent boron, with the steel being arranged as the cathode in the solution; by removing the thus coated steel from the solution; and by heating the coated -steel at an elevated temperature. The electrolyte forms and -deposits a boron-bearing adherent coating of the hydroxide of the cation of the water soluble salt. The boron-bearing adherent coating has at least 3 ppm boron based on the weight of the steel. In general, the boron content will not exceed 100 ppm. The refractory oxide coating forms when the coated ~teel is heated at an elevated temperature. This usually occurs during the final texture anneal. Specific processing as to the conventional steps is not critical and can be in accordance with that specified in the heretofore referred to patents, as well as Patent No. 3,855,020. The term casting is intended to include continuous casting processes. A hot rolled band beat treatment is also includable within the scope 51'~, 1 of the present invention. Steel produced in accordance with the present invention generally has a permeability of at least 1890 (G/Oe) at 10 oersteds. Although there is reason to believe that any number of silicon steel meltfi can be treated in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, melts consisting essentially of, by weight, from 0.02 to 0.07%
carbon, rom 0.01 to 0.24% manganese, from 0.005 to 0.09% of material from the group consisting of sulfur and selenium, from 0.015 to 0.05% aluminum, up to 0.02% nitrogen, up to 1.0%
copper, from 2.5 to 4.0% silicon, balance iron, appear to be particularly adaptable thereto.
The electrolyte is preferably formed from a boron-bearing compound of calcium and/or magnesium. The boron can be chemically combined or physically attached thereto. A
preferred substance is borated magnesia. Other substances are also includable within the electrolyte. They include grain growth inhibitors such as sulfur. Acids such as acetic acid are added to react with the compounds which form the water soluble salts. As an alkaline coating is being applied, the p~ of the electrolyte should be at least 7. The electrolyte is generally maintained at a temperature of at least 120F.
The following examples are illustrative of several aspects of the invention.
A heat of silicon steel ~as cast and processed into silicon steel having a cube-on-edge orientation. The chemistry of the melt appears hereinbelow in Table I.
1 '>~t2~
1 Table I
Composition (Wt. ~) C MnS Al ~ Cu _ B Si Ee 0.0550.130.043 0.029 0.0055 0~19 0.0004 2.92 Bal.
Processing for the steel involved soaking at an elevated temperature for several hours; hot rolling to a nominal gage of 0.080 inch, hot roll band normalizing, cold rolling to final gage, decarburizing~ applying a refractory oxide base coating as described in the next paragraph and final texture annealing.
The refractory oxide base coating was applied by electrolyzing an aqueous solution with the steel being arranged as the cathode in the solution, by removing the thus coated steel from the solution and by heating the coated steel at an eleva~ted temperature. The heating was carried out during the texture anneal. The electrolyte was prepared by mixing 24.1 ml.
acetic acid with 8.5 grams borated magnesia and 976 ml. of water. The borated magnesia contained 0.14~ boron. Coating was carried out at a current density of 0.044 amperes per square cm. for 33 seconds at a temperature of 150F. The coating had approximately 6 ppm boron based on the weight of the steel.
Eight specimens of the steel (Specimens A through ~
were tested for permeability and core loss. The results of the tests appear hereinbelow in Table II.
5~
PERMEABILITY CORE LOSS
SPECIMEN GAGE (at 100e~ lWPP at 17KB) A 0.0117 1942 0.703 B 0.0115 1941 0.691 C 0.0114 1936 0.692 D 0.0113 1896 0.773 E 0.0116 1936 0.673 F 0.0114 1936 0.670 G 0.0114 1936 0.671 ~ 0.0113 1922 0.700 The benefit of incorporating boron in the electrolyte is clearly evident from Table II. All eight specimens had a permeability in excess of 1890 (G/Oe) at 10 oersteds, and for the most part a core loss of less than 0.700 watts per pound at 17 KB. Coating adherence was excellent.
Three other specimens (Specimens I through K) from the same heat were processed in a similar manner, but with an electrolyte to which boron was not added. The magnetic properties for these specimens appears hereinbelow in Table III.
TABLE III
PERMEABILITY CORE LOSS
SPECIMEN GAGE(at 10 Oe) (WPP at 17KB) I 0.0115 1876 0.816 J 0.0115 1890 0.803 K 0.0116 1885 0.815 Note that not one of these specimens had a permeability in eYcess of 1890. Also note the high core loss for these 1 specimens. The magnetic properties for Specimens A through ~
are significantly superior to those for Specimens I through R.
Specimens A through H were processed in accordance with the present invention, whereas Specimens I through K were not.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the novel principles of the invention disclosed herein in connection with specific examples thereof will suggest various other modifications and applications of the same. It is accordingly desired that in construing the breadth of the appended claims they shall not be limited to the specific examples of the invention described herein.
Claims (6)
1. In a process for producing high permeability electromagnetic silicon steel having a cube-on-edge orientation, which process includes the steps of: preparing a melt of silicon steel containing, by weight, from 2.5 to 4.0% silicon;
casting said steel; hot rolling said steel; cold rolling said steel; decarburizing said steel, applying a refractory oxide coating to said steel; and final texture annealing said steel;
the improvement of applying said refractory oxide coating by electrolyzing an aqueous solution having as a major constituent at least one compound from the group consisting of water soluble salts of calcium, magnesium, manganese and aluminum and as a minor constituent boron, with said steel being arranged as the cathode in said solution, for forming and depositing a boron-bearing adherent coating of the hydroxide of the cation of said water soluble salt on said steel, said boron-bearing adherent coating having at least 3 ppm boron based on the weight of the steel; by removing the thus coated steel from said solution; and by heating the coated steel at an elevated temperature.
casting said steel; hot rolling said steel; cold rolling said steel; decarburizing said steel, applying a refractory oxide coating to said steel; and final texture annealing said steel;
the improvement of applying said refractory oxide coating by electrolyzing an aqueous solution having as a major constituent at least one compound from the group consisting of water soluble salts of calcium, magnesium, manganese and aluminum and as a minor constituent boron, with said steel being arranged as the cathode in said solution, for forming and depositing a boron-bearing adherent coating of the hydroxide of the cation of said water soluble salt on said steel, said boron-bearing adherent coating having at least 3 ppm boron based on the weight of the steel; by removing the thus coated steel from said solution; and by heating the coated steel at an elevated temperature.
2. A process according to claim 1, wherein said electrolyte is formed from a boron-bearing compound of calcium or magnesium.
3. A process according to claim 2, wherein said electrolyte is formed from borated magnesia.
4. A process according to claim 1, wherein said melt contains, by weight, up to 0.07% carbon, up to 0.24% manganese, up to 0.09% of material from the group consisting of sulfur and selenium, up to 0.05% aluminum, up to 0.02% nitrogen and up to 1.0% copper.
5. A process according to claim 4 wherein said melt consists essentially of, by weight, from 0.02 to 0.07% carbon, from 0.01 to 0.24% manganese, from 0.005 to 0.09% of material from the group consisting of sulfur and selenium, from 0.015 to 0.05% aluminum, up to 0.02% nitrogen, up to 1.0% copper, from 2.5 to 4.0% silicon, balance iron.
6. A cube-on-edge oriented silicon steel having a permeability of at least 1890 (G/Oe) at 10 oersteds; and made in accordance with the process of claim 1.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US91072078A | 1978-05-30 | 1978-05-30 | |
| US910,720 | 1978-05-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1127512A true CA1127512A (en) | 1982-07-13 |
Family
ID=25429232
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA328,400A Expired CA1127512A (en) | 1978-05-30 | 1979-05-25 | Electrolytic base coating used in the production of high permeability silicon steel |
Country Status (18)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS54163741A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR218136A1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATA391379A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU4688979A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE876658A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7903234A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1127512A (en) |
| CS (1) | CS220760B2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2921812C2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES481096A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2427405A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2022141B (en) |
| HU (1) | HU177535B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1116219B (en) |
| PL (1) | PL117770B1 (en) |
| RO (1) | RO78569A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7904631L (en) |
| YU (1) | YU117679A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS56112498A (en) * | 1980-02-05 | 1981-09-04 | Tdk Corp | Formation of insulation coating layer of magnetic metal sheet |
| WO1999019538A1 (en) * | 1997-10-14 | 1999-04-22 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Method of forming an insulating film on a magnetic steel sheet |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1249049B (en) * | 1959-03-05 | |||
| SE7703456L (en) * | 1976-04-15 | 1977-10-16 | Gen Electric | THILE PLATE OF IRON IRON WITH ADDITIONAL ADDITION AND PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURE THEREOF |
| DE2805810A1 (en) * | 1977-03-07 | 1978-09-14 | Gen Electric | COATING OF SILICON IRON MATERIAL |
-
1979
- 1979-05-09 AU AU46889/79A patent/AU4688979A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1979-05-18 YU YU01176/79A patent/YU117679A/en unknown
- 1979-05-18 GB GB7917378A patent/GB2022141B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-05-24 BR BR7903234A patent/BR7903234A/en unknown
- 1979-05-25 CS CS793629A patent/CS220760B2/en unknown
- 1979-05-25 CA CA328,400A patent/CA1127512A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-05-26 PL PL1979215881A patent/PL117770B1/en unknown
- 1979-05-28 IT IT49212/79A patent/IT1116219B/en active
- 1979-05-28 AR AR276676A patent/AR218136A1/en active
- 1979-05-28 RO RO7997658A patent/RO78569A/en unknown
- 1979-05-29 AT AT0391379A patent/ATA391379A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-05-29 SE SE7904631A patent/SE7904631L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-05-29 DE DE2921812A patent/DE2921812C2/en not_active Expired
- 1979-05-30 ES ES481096A patent/ES481096A1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-05-30 BE BE0/195482A patent/BE876658A/en unknown
- 1979-05-30 FR FR7913892A patent/FR2427405A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1979-05-30 JP JP6738879A patent/JPS54163741A/en active Pending
- 1979-05-30 HU HU79AE574A patent/HU177535B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AR218136A1 (en) | 1980-05-15 |
| IT7949212A0 (en) | 1979-05-28 |
| ES481096A1 (en) | 1980-02-01 |
| YU117679A (en) | 1983-01-21 |
| HU177535B (en) | 1981-11-28 |
| ATA391379A (en) | 1983-04-15 |
| IT1116219B (en) | 1986-02-10 |
| PL215881A1 (en) | 1980-02-11 |
| GB2022141A (en) | 1979-12-12 |
| JPS54163741A (en) | 1979-12-26 |
| BR7903234A (en) | 1979-12-11 |
| PL117770B1 (en) | 1981-08-31 |
| GB2022141B (en) | 1983-01-12 |
| AU4688979A (en) | 1979-12-06 |
| RO78569A (en) | 1982-04-12 |
| FR2427405A1 (en) | 1979-12-28 |
| DE2921812A1 (en) | 1979-12-06 |
| CS220760B2 (en) | 1983-04-29 |
| DE2921812C2 (en) | 1982-04-08 |
| BE876658A (en) | 1979-11-30 |
| SE7904631L (en) | 1979-12-01 |
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