CA1126766A - Arrangement for cooling the cutter teeth of the cutting tool of a rock-cutting machine and for cooling the breast - Google Patents
Arrangement for cooling the cutter teeth of the cutting tool of a rock-cutting machine and for cooling the breastInfo
- Publication number
- CA1126766A CA1126766A CA332,967A CA332967A CA1126766A CA 1126766 A CA1126766 A CA 1126766A CA 332967 A CA332967 A CA 332967A CA 1126766 A CA1126766 A CA 1126766A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- cutter
- tooth
- valve
- arrangement according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- FSVJFNAIGNNGKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[cyclohexyl(oxo)methyl]-3,6,7,11b-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one Chemical compound C1C(C2=CC=CC=C2CC2)N2C(=O)CN1C(=O)C1CCCCC1 FSVJFNAIGNNGKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
- E21C35/18—Mining picks; Holders therefor
- E21C35/187—Mining picks; Holders therefor with arrangement of fluid-spraying nozzles
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Details Of Cutting Devices (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract This invention relates to an arrangement for cooling the cutter teeth of a cutting tool preferably a rotary cutter head, of a rock-gutting machine, which cutter teeth are only temporarily in engagement with the rock to be cut, and for cooling the breast, by means of nozzles which are mounted on the cutting tool and associated with respective cutter teeth and are supplied with water without an admixture of air. In order to save water, a discharge of water from a nozzle is to be restricted to the time in which the associated cutter tooth engages the breast. For this purpose the cutter teeth are axially slidably mounted in tooth holders and are resiliently biased substantially in the direction of the cutting pressure. As a cutter tooth is displaced under the action of the cutting pressure, a valve is opened which is upstream of the nozzle that is associated with the cutter tooth concerned. As a result, water is discharged from that nozzle as long as the associated cutter tooth is subjected to the cutting pressure.
Description
fi"~66 Arrangement for Cooling the Cutter Teeth of -the Cutt:ing Tool of a Rock-cutting Machine and for Cooling the Breast Durin~ the operation of a rock-cutting machine, the cutter teeth are heated to hiqh temperatures so that it is desirable to cool the cutter teeth. But when coal is cut, e.g., from a bed which includes hard rock or when beds of hard barren rock must be cut too, this may result in a formation of sparks, which give rise to a risk of an explosion of the mine ~as which escapes from the bed.
For this reason it has already been proposed to supply the cutter teeth with a coolant, which consisted of water or a sprayed water-air mixture. To ensure a good utiliæation of such coolant, the nozzles for dischar~ing that coolant should be disposed as close as possible to the cutter teeth, i.e., on the cutting tool or cutter head. In that case, the cutting operation may result in a , , ' ,- . . , , : ~ : , ~ -, : ''' ~
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.. :. : , fi766 soiling or clogging of the nozzles. That risk can be reduced only if the coolant is supplied to the nozzles unter high pressure. The hi~h supply pressure involves a high water consumption and the large quantities of water which are discharged result in great difficulties because they flood the area adjacent to the breast. The floor is softened too so that the cutting machine may be deprived of its support. The cutter teeth of a cutter head are in engagement with the rock to be cut only during part of a revolution of the cutter head. If the cutter head rotates, the engagement takes place only during about one-fourth of a complete revolution. Water wlll be consumed a-t an ex-cessively high rate if the cutter teeth are continuously supplied with the coolant.
For this reason it has already been proposed so to control the supply of the coolant to the nozzles that the supply to the cutter teeth is interrupted when the Iatter do not engage the rock being cut. In the known arrangement in which the cutter teeth are cooled with water atomized with compressed air, the supply of water to the nozzles is controlled by slip rings, which are mounted on the axle of the cutter head. Such slip rings cannot seal against high pressure. As air is used as a fluid under ~ressure in that known arrangement, the water may be supplied to the air under a relatively low pressure, which can be controlled by slin rings. In that known arrangement the air flow is not inter-rupted during the time in which the cutter tooth need not .: . . , ..
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be cooled but the slip ring interrupt only the supply of water to -the air stream during -that time. In order to safely preclude the risk of an ignition by sparks, it is not sufficient to cool only the cutter teeth but the breast it-self must be sprayed and this cannot be properly accomplished with an air-water mixture. If the su~ply of water to a rotary cutter head is controlled in known manner, the control can only be effected in that the water is supplied to those nozzles which are associated with cutter teeth disposed in a certain angular range. In view of existing conditions, however, it may be desirable or even necessary to make an upward cut at one time and a downward cut at another time. The cutter teeth enga~e the rock substantially in the upper quadrant facing the breast during an upward cut and approximately in the lower quadrant facing the breast during a downward cut. It is very complicated or even impossible to take variations into account in a control effected by slip rings.
Besides, the cutter teeth do not always engage the rock exactly during a rotation of the cutter head through an angle of 90 but a smaller or larger range may be selected, depending on the nature of the rock. For this reason, even by slip rings the supply of water cannot be exactly controllRd in the manner which would be required under the existing conditions in order to prevent a loss of water as w~l as an engagement of the rock by cutter teeth in an uncooled region so that a formation of sparks cannot be reliably prevented in this way.
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This invention relates to an arrangement for cooling the cutter teeth of a cutting tool, preferably a rotary cutter head, o~ a rock-cutting machine, which cutter teeth are only temporarily in engagement with the rock to be cut, and for cooling the breast, by means of a coolant which is discharged from nozzles mounted on the cutting tool and associated with respective cutter teeth, wherein control means are provided which permit a supply of coolant to a given nozzle only when the cutter tooth with which said nozzle is associated engages the rock. It is an object of the invention to reliably preclude an ignition of com-bustible gases which are released as the rock is cut and to avoid excessive losses of water. The invention resides essentially in that the coolant consists in known manner of water without an admixture of air and the supply of coolant to a given nozzle is controlled in dependence on the load on the cutter tooth with which said nozzle is associated. Because the supply of coolant -to a cutter tooth is controlled in dependence on the load on said cutter tooth, it is ensured that the coolant will be supplied to each cutter tooth throughout the time in which it engages the rock and that no coolant will be supplied to said cutter tooth as long as it is clear of the rock. This will be accomplished regardless of the dire~tion of the cut and regardless of the angular range in which the cutter teeth engage the rock. In this way, the supply of coolant to the cutter teeth can be controlled exactly and in accordance with the ~1.2~76~
requirements. A formation of sparks during the engagemen-t of a cutter tooth with the rock even within an extremely small angular range will be reliably prevented and a loss of water durinc the time in which a cutter tooth is clear of the rock will be avoided too. As a result, the water can be supplied to the nozzles under such a high pressure that a clogging of the nozzles is virtually precluded. In accordance with the invention the coolant may enter the nozzle under a pressure of at least 20 bars and preferably above 25 bars. That high ~ressure will ensure that the nozzle passage will remain open. Because the supply of water is exactly controlled and is restricted to the time in which the cutter tooth engages the rock, the application of such a high pressure will not result in an excessively high consumption of water.
The nozzle is preferably directed to the groove which has been cut by the cutter tooth. As a result, the cutting tool is only indirectly cooled and there is no risk of an embrittlement of the cutting edge of the cutter tooth as a result of an excessively fast cooling. An im~ortant result of the provision of a nozzle which is directed to the grocve which has been cut by the cutter tooth resides in that as the cutter tooth enters the rock so that there is the highest risk of a formation of sparks, any sparks which may then form will be rendered innocuous by a curtain of water. There is onIy a lower risk of a formation of sparks when the cutter tooth leaves the rock because hard inclusions will simply be broken out. In any case the ~roo~e will be ~.2fi7~
flooded with so much water even when the cutter tooth leaves the rock that there will be no risk of a formation of sparks at that time too.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the shank of the cutter tooth is axially slidably mounted in the tooth holder and is resiliently biased generally in the direction of the cutting pressure and the supply of coolant is controlled in dependence on the displacement of the cutter tooth. In accordance with the invention the valve for controlling the supply of coolant to the nozzle is preferably accommodated in the tooth holder. This arran~ement affords the advantage that the flow path from the valve to the nozzle is very short so that the cooling begins as soon as load is applied to the cutter tooth and the flow of water is inter-rupted as soon as said load has ceased. Other advanta~es reside in that it is sufficient to machine the tooth holder in order to permit the valve to be accommodated, that the valve will be replaced together with the tooth holder, and that the machining required ~or the valve can be carried out in large series as each cutter head comprises a large number of tooth holders. The arrangement is preferably such that the valve for controlling the supply of coolant to the nozzle is disposed on that side of the tooth shank which faces the axis of the cutter head and the nozzle is disposed on that side of the tooth shank which is remote from the axis of the cutter head. As a result, the ~alve is disnosed in that - ~ . :
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portion of the tooth holderin which there is adequate space for this purpose, and the nozzles are disposed very close to the cutter teeth.
In accordance with the invention the arrangement may be such that the valve member, which consists preferably of a ball, is held in closing position only by the pressure under which the coolant is supplied. This is possible because the water is supplied under a high pressure and affords the advantage that there is no need for elements which may break, such as springs, although a spring may be provided, if desired.
In a practical embodiment of the invention the tooth shank has a radially protruding flange, which cooperates with a pusher that actuates the valve member in a unseating sense. This arrangement permits a simple transmission of force from the cutter tooth to the valve. Besides, the means for actuating the valve member c.onsist suitably of a piston, which is guided and sealed in a bore and carries a rod, which acts on the valye member. This piston provides a seal so that water leaking through the valve can be conducted through the .working chamber at that end of the piston which faces the valve.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention the valve cone of the valve has an outwardly.protruding portion, such as an annular flange, which engages the tooth shank at that end thereof which is remote ~rom the cuttin~ tip. The arran~ement of the val~e-actuatin~ means at that end o the ., , , ' ' ' ~
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tooth shank which is remote from the cutting tip affords the advantage that the parts servin~ to actuate the valve are outside the region which is stressed during the cutting operation and are thus protectedO In such an arrangement, the valve and the nozzle may be disposed, in accordance with the invention, on that side of the cutter tooth which is remote from the axis of the cutter head because the means for actuating the valve are anyway protected by the protruding portions of the tooth holder. As the valve and nozzle are now disposed on the same side of the cutter tooth, a preferred arrangement according to the invention may be adopted, in which the chamber which is upstream of the nozzle directly adjoins the chamber which is downstream of the valve seat. This arran~ement affords the advantage that a pressure drop between the valve and nozzle is avoided and the important advantage that water may enter the nozzle under a very high pressure, which in accordance with the invention may be about 200 bars or higher. Such a high supply pressure will afford the further advanta~es that a clogging of the nozzle will be reliably avoided and that the water jet emer~ing under such a high pressure tends to decrease the strength of the material to be cut so that the cutting work of the cutter teeth is assisted by the water jet. The nozzle is suitably directed to the groove which has been cut by the cutting tooth.
In an arran~ement in which a part connected to the valve cone en~a~es the rear end face of the tooth shank, it is a feature of the invention that the valve cone is . .
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urged -toward the valve seat by a spring which is stressed generally opposite to the working load acting on the cut-tinq tooth. That spring will also restore the cutter tooth or its shank when the cut-ter tooth has been relieved from the working pressure.
Illustrative embodiments of the invention are diagrammatically shown on the drawing.
Fig.1 is a sectional view showing a tooth holder.
Figs.2 and 3 show another embodiment, Fig.2 being a sectional view showing the tooth holder and taken on line II-II in Fig.3, shich extends in the axis of the cutter tooth, and Fig.3 being a sectional view taken on line III-III of Fig.4. Fig.2 shows the overall arrangement of the rock-cutting machine with the cutter arm and the rotation cutter heads at the breast.
Fig.1 shows a cutter head having a body 1, to which tooth holders 2 have been welded. A bushing 3 is a force fit in the tooth holder 2. A tooth shank 4 is mounted in the bushing 3 and slidable therein in the direction of the axis 5 of the tooth shank. A sprin~ 6 urges the cutter tooth generally opposite to the cutting pressure. The tooth shank 4 is shown in the position assumed when it is subjected to the cutting pressure so tha-t it has been forced back toward the spring 6 to the extent of the clearance 7. In this position, a flange 10 of the tooth shank 4 engages a flange 54 of the bushing 3.
A bushing 8 is inserted in the tooth shank 2.
A piston 9 is guided and sealed in the bushing 8. l~1hen the tooth shank 4 has been forced back to the extent of the ~;2fi~6~
clearance 7, the piston 9, which engages the flange 10 of the cutting tooth, is forced in the direction of the arrow 11 so that a rod 12 carried by the piston 9 unseats the ball 13 from the valve seat 14 to open the valve. The coolant consisting of water flows through a bore 15 to a chamber 16 and from the latter through the valve seat 14 to a chamber 17 on the other side of the ball, further throu~h a bore 18 in the bushing 8 and a bore 19 in the body of the tooth holder 2 into an annular space 20, defined by the bushing 3 and then through a bore 21 to the nozzle 22. In that arrangement, water is dischar~ed from the nozzle as soon as the tooth shank 4 is subjected to the cutting pressure. The water is then discharged into the groove 23, which has been cut in the breast 24 by the cutter tooth, and is subse~uently deflected toward the cutter tooth.
- The ball ~3 is held in sealing contact with the valve seat only by the pressure under which the water is supplied.
For this reason a rib 25 is required to hold the unseated ball near the valve seat 14. Alternatively, a spring may be provided which urges the ball ~3 towards the valve seat.
A cover plate 26 covers the piston 9 and limits its stroke.
- The water jet 27 discharged from the nozzle virtually forms a water curtain, by which any sparks will be extingulshed which may be formed as the cutter tooth enters the rock. The cutter tooth is only indirectly-cooled by the water which has been deflected~
The water enters the nozzle 22 under a very high ,~ .
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~2~i7~i pressure in excess of 25 bars so that a clogging of the nozzle will be reliably prevented. The water is discharged from the nozzle at a velocity of about 90m/sec.
In the embodiment shown in Figs. 2 and 3, both the valve 31 and the nozzle 32 are disposed on that side of the tooth shank 33 which is remote from the axis of the cutter head. The tooth shank is again slidably mounted in the tooth holder 34 and is displaceable to the extent of a distance a of about 2 mm. A bushing 35 is inserted in the tooth holder 34 and surrounds the valve cone 36 and is formed with the valve seat 37. A spring 38 urges the valve cone 36 toward the valve seat 37 to close the valve.
The valve cone 36 is provided with a stem 39, which is guided and sealed in a ring 40, which is provided with a seal. The end portion 41 protrudes from the bushinq 35 and is provided with an annular flange 42, which engages the rear end ~ace 43 of the tooth shank 33. In this arrangement, the spring 38 displaces the cutter tooth to its unloaded position when it has been relieved from the cutting pressure.
From the cutter head 44, the water flows through a bore 45 to a passage 46 in the tooth holder and from said passage through openings 47 in the bushing 35 into the chamber which is upstream of the valve cone 36. The chamber 48 which is downstream of the valve cone 36 is directly succeeded by the chamber 49 which is upstream of the nozzle 32 so that there will be no pressure drop between the valve 31 and the nozzle 32. For this reason . ~ .
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a very high water pressure, e.g., of more than 200 bars, can be built up in the chamber 49 which is upstream of the nozzle 32 and a solid, narrow jet is discharged, as is indicated at S0. A strainer 51 may be inserted in the chamber 49 which is upstream of the nozzle 32.
A screwed-in stud 52 extends into an annular groove 53 of the tooth shank to prevent a loss of the cutting tooth.
Fig. 4 shows the cutter head provided with tooth holders and nozzles as shown in Fig. 1 in position at the breast 24. The cutter head 28 rotates in the direction of arrow 29. There will be a chip of decreasing thickness during an upward cut and a chip of increasing thickness during a downward cut. In both cases the water jet 27 dischar~ed from the nozzle will impinge at 30 the groove-that has been dug by the cutter tooth.
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For this reason it has already been proposed to supply the cutter teeth with a coolant, which consisted of water or a sprayed water-air mixture. To ensure a good utiliæation of such coolant, the nozzles for dischar~ing that coolant should be disposed as close as possible to the cutter teeth, i.e., on the cutting tool or cutter head. In that case, the cutting operation may result in a , , ' ,- . . , , : ~ : , ~ -, : ''' ~
.
.. :. : , fi766 soiling or clogging of the nozzles. That risk can be reduced only if the coolant is supplied to the nozzles unter high pressure. The hi~h supply pressure involves a high water consumption and the large quantities of water which are discharged result in great difficulties because they flood the area adjacent to the breast. The floor is softened too so that the cutting machine may be deprived of its support. The cutter teeth of a cutter head are in engagement with the rock to be cut only during part of a revolution of the cutter head. If the cutter head rotates, the engagement takes place only during about one-fourth of a complete revolution. Water wlll be consumed a-t an ex-cessively high rate if the cutter teeth are continuously supplied with the coolant.
For this reason it has already been proposed so to control the supply of the coolant to the nozzles that the supply to the cutter teeth is interrupted when the Iatter do not engage the rock being cut. In the known arrangement in which the cutter teeth are cooled with water atomized with compressed air, the supply of water to the nozzles is controlled by slip rings, which are mounted on the axle of the cutter head. Such slip rings cannot seal against high pressure. As air is used as a fluid under ~ressure in that known arrangement, the water may be supplied to the air under a relatively low pressure, which can be controlled by slin rings. In that known arrangement the air flow is not inter-rupted during the time in which the cutter tooth need not .: . . , ..
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be cooled but the slip ring interrupt only the supply of water to -the air stream during -that time. In order to safely preclude the risk of an ignition by sparks, it is not sufficient to cool only the cutter teeth but the breast it-self must be sprayed and this cannot be properly accomplished with an air-water mixture. If the su~ply of water to a rotary cutter head is controlled in known manner, the control can only be effected in that the water is supplied to those nozzles which are associated with cutter teeth disposed in a certain angular range. In view of existing conditions, however, it may be desirable or even necessary to make an upward cut at one time and a downward cut at another time. The cutter teeth enga~e the rock substantially in the upper quadrant facing the breast during an upward cut and approximately in the lower quadrant facing the breast during a downward cut. It is very complicated or even impossible to take variations into account in a control effected by slip rings.
Besides, the cutter teeth do not always engage the rock exactly during a rotation of the cutter head through an angle of 90 but a smaller or larger range may be selected, depending on the nature of the rock. For this reason, even by slip rings the supply of water cannot be exactly controllRd in the manner which would be required under the existing conditions in order to prevent a loss of water as w~l as an engagement of the rock by cutter teeth in an uncooled region so that a formation of sparks cannot be reliably prevented in this way.
', ' : :
i76~
This invention relates to an arrangement for cooling the cutter teeth of a cutting tool, preferably a rotary cutter head, o~ a rock-cutting machine, which cutter teeth are only temporarily in engagement with the rock to be cut, and for cooling the breast, by means of a coolant which is discharged from nozzles mounted on the cutting tool and associated with respective cutter teeth, wherein control means are provided which permit a supply of coolant to a given nozzle only when the cutter tooth with which said nozzle is associated engages the rock. It is an object of the invention to reliably preclude an ignition of com-bustible gases which are released as the rock is cut and to avoid excessive losses of water. The invention resides essentially in that the coolant consists in known manner of water without an admixture of air and the supply of coolant to a given nozzle is controlled in dependence on the load on the cutter tooth with which said nozzle is associated. Because the supply of coolant -to a cutter tooth is controlled in dependence on the load on said cutter tooth, it is ensured that the coolant will be supplied to each cutter tooth throughout the time in which it engages the rock and that no coolant will be supplied to said cutter tooth as long as it is clear of the rock. This will be accomplished regardless of the dire~tion of the cut and regardless of the angular range in which the cutter teeth engage the rock. In this way, the supply of coolant to the cutter teeth can be controlled exactly and in accordance with the ~1.2~76~
requirements. A formation of sparks during the engagemen-t of a cutter tooth with the rock even within an extremely small angular range will be reliably prevented and a loss of water durinc the time in which a cutter tooth is clear of the rock will be avoided too. As a result, the water can be supplied to the nozzles under such a high pressure that a clogging of the nozzles is virtually precluded. In accordance with the invention the coolant may enter the nozzle under a pressure of at least 20 bars and preferably above 25 bars. That high ~ressure will ensure that the nozzle passage will remain open. Because the supply of water is exactly controlled and is restricted to the time in which the cutter tooth engages the rock, the application of such a high pressure will not result in an excessively high consumption of water.
The nozzle is preferably directed to the groove which has been cut by the cutter tooth. As a result, the cutting tool is only indirectly cooled and there is no risk of an embrittlement of the cutting edge of the cutter tooth as a result of an excessively fast cooling. An im~ortant result of the provision of a nozzle which is directed to the grocve which has been cut by the cutter tooth resides in that as the cutter tooth enters the rock so that there is the highest risk of a formation of sparks, any sparks which may then form will be rendered innocuous by a curtain of water. There is onIy a lower risk of a formation of sparks when the cutter tooth leaves the rock because hard inclusions will simply be broken out. In any case the ~roo~e will be ~.2fi7~
flooded with so much water even when the cutter tooth leaves the rock that there will be no risk of a formation of sparks at that time too.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the shank of the cutter tooth is axially slidably mounted in the tooth holder and is resiliently biased generally in the direction of the cutting pressure and the supply of coolant is controlled in dependence on the displacement of the cutter tooth. In accordance with the invention the valve for controlling the supply of coolant to the nozzle is preferably accommodated in the tooth holder. This arran~ement affords the advantage that the flow path from the valve to the nozzle is very short so that the cooling begins as soon as load is applied to the cutter tooth and the flow of water is inter-rupted as soon as said load has ceased. Other advanta~es reside in that it is sufficient to machine the tooth holder in order to permit the valve to be accommodated, that the valve will be replaced together with the tooth holder, and that the machining required ~or the valve can be carried out in large series as each cutter head comprises a large number of tooth holders. The arrangement is preferably such that the valve for controlling the supply of coolant to the nozzle is disposed on that side of the tooth shank which faces the axis of the cutter head and the nozzle is disposed on that side of the tooth shank which is remote from the axis of the cutter head. As a result, the ~alve is disnosed in that - ~ . :
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portion of the tooth holderin which there is adequate space for this purpose, and the nozzles are disposed very close to the cutter teeth.
In accordance with the invention the arrangement may be such that the valve member, which consists preferably of a ball, is held in closing position only by the pressure under which the coolant is supplied. This is possible because the water is supplied under a high pressure and affords the advantage that there is no need for elements which may break, such as springs, although a spring may be provided, if desired.
In a practical embodiment of the invention the tooth shank has a radially protruding flange, which cooperates with a pusher that actuates the valve member in a unseating sense. This arrangement permits a simple transmission of force from the cutter tooth to the valve. Besides, the means for actuating the valve member c.onsist suitably of a piston, which is guided and sealed in a bore and carries a rod, which acts on the valye member. This piston provides a seal so that water leaking through the valve can be conducted through the .working chamber at that end of the piston which faces the valve.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention the valve cone of the valve has an outwardly.protruding portion, such as an annular flange, which engages the tooth shank at that end thereof which is remote ~rom the cuttin~ tip. The arran~ement of the val~e-actuatin~ means at that end o the ., , , ' ' ' ~
.
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tooth shank which is remote from the cutting tip affords the advantage that the parts servin~ to actuate the valve are outside the region which is stressed during the cutting operation and are thus protectedO In such an arrangement, the valve and the nozzle may be disposed, in accordance with the invention, on that side of the cutter tooth which is remote from the axis of the cutter head because the means for actuating the valve are anyway protected by the protruding portions of the tooth holder. As the valve and nozzle are now disposed on the same side of the cutter tooth, a preferred arrangement according to the invention may be adopted, in which the chamber which is upstream of the nozzle directly adjoins the chamber which is downstream of the valve seat. This arran~ement affords the advantage that a pressure drop between the valve and nozzle is avoided and the important advantage that water may enter the nozzle under a very high pressure, which in accordance with the invention may be about 200 bars or higher. Such a high supply pressure will afford the further advanta~es that a clogging of the nozzle will be reliably avoided and that the water jet emer~ing under such a high pressure tends to decrease the strength of the material to be cut so that the cutting work of the cutter teeth is assisted by the water jet. The nozzle is suitably directed to the groove which has been cut by the cutting tooth.
In an arran~ement in which a part connected to the valve cone en~a~es the rear end face of the tooth shank, it is a feature of the invention that the valve cone is . .
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urged -toward the valve seat by a spring which is stressed generally opposite to the working load acting on the cut-tinq tooth. That spring will also restore the cutter tooth or its shank when the cut-ter tooth has been relieved from the working pressure.
Illustrative embodiments of the invention are diagrammatically shown on the drawing.
Fig.1 is a sectional view showing a tooth holder.
Figs.2 and 3 show another embodiment, Fig.2 being a sectional view showing the tooth holder and taken on line II-II in Fig.3, shich extends in the axis of the cutter tooth, and Fig.3 being a sectional view taken on line III-III of Fig.4. Fig.2 shows the overall arrangement of the rock-cutting machine with the cutter arm and the rotation cutter heads at the breast.
Fig.1 shows a cutter head having a body 1, to which tooth holders 2 have been welded. A bushing 3 is a force fit in the tooth holder 2. A tooth shank 4 is mounted in the bushing 3 and slidable therein in the direction of the axis 5 of the tooth shank. A sprin~ 6 urges the cutter tooth generally opposite to the cutting pressure. The tooth shank 4 is shown in the position assumed when it is subjected to the cutting pressure so tha-t it has been forced back toward the spring 6 to the extent of the clearance 7. In this position, a flange 10 of the tooth shank 4 engages a flange 54 of the bushing 3.
A bushing 8 is inserted in the tooth shank 2.
A piston 9 is guided and sealed in the bushing 8. l~1hen the tooth shank 4 has been forced back to the extent of the ~;2fi~6~
clearance 7, the piston 9, which engages the flange 10 of the cutting tooth, is forced in the direction of the arrow 11 so that a rod 12 carried by the piston 9 unseats the ball 13 from the valve seat 14 to open the valve. The coolant consisting of water flows through a bore 15 to a chamber 16 and from the latter through the valve seat 14 to a chamber 17 on the other side of the ball, further throu~h a bore 18 in the bushing 8 and a bore 19 in the body of the tooth holder 2 into an annular space 20, defined by the bushing 3 and then through a bore 21 to the nozzle 22. In that arrangement, water is dischar~ed from the nozzle as soon as the tooth shank 4 is subjected to the cutting pressure. The water is then discharged into the groove 23, which has been cut in the breast 24 by the cutter tooth, and is subse~uently deflected toward the cutter tooth.
- The ball ~3 is held in sealing contact with the valve seat only by the pressure under which the water is supplied.
For this reason a rib 25 is required to hold the unseated ball near the valve seat 14. Alternatively, a spring may be provided which urges the ball ~3 towards the valve seat.
A cover plate 26 covers the piston 9 and limits its stroke.
- The water jet 27 discharged from the nozzle virtually forms a water curtain, by which any sparks will be extingulshed which may be formed as the cutter tooth enters the rock. The cutter tooth is only indirectly-cooled by the water which has been deflected~
The water enters the nozzle 22 under a very high ,~ .
: . : :
.
~2~i7~i pressure in excess of 25 bars so that a clogging of the nozzle will be reliably prevented. The water is discharged from the nozzle at a velocity of about 90m/sec.
In the embodiment shown in Figs. 2 and 3, both the valve 31 and the nozzle 32 are disposed on that side of the tooth shank 33 which is remote from the axis of the cutter head. The tooth shank is again slidably mounted in the tooth holder 34 and is displaceable to the extent of a distance a of about 2 mm. A bushing 35 is inserted in the tooth holder 34 and surrounds the valve cone 36 and is formed with the valve seat 37. A spring 38 urges the valve cone 36 toward the valve seat 37 to close the valve.
The valve cone 36 is provided with a stem 39, which is guided and sealed in a ring 40, which is provided with a seal. The end portion 41 protrudes from the bushinq 35 and is provided with an annular flange 42, which engages the rear end ~ace 43 of the tooth shank 33. In this arrangement, the spring 38 displaces the cutter tooth to its unloaded position when it has been relieved from the cutting pressure.
From the cutter head 44, the water flows through a bore 45 to a passage 46 in the tooth holder and from said passage through openings 47 in the bushing 35 into the chamber which is upstream of the valve cone 36. The chamber 48 which is downstream of the valve cone 36 is directly succeeded by the chamber 49 which is upstream of the nozzle 32 so that there will be no pressure drop between the valve 31 and the nozzle 32. For this reason . ~ .
`, : ' ~ :
. .
:. . . '. ,:: : ' , fi76~
a very high water pressure, e.g., of more than 200 bars, can be built up in the chamber 49 which is upstream of the nozzle 32 and a solid, narrow jet is discharged, as is indicated at S0. A strainer 51 may be inserted in the chamber 49 which is upstream of the nozzle 32.
A screwed-in stud 52 extends into an annular groove 53 of the tooth shank to prevent a loss of the cutting tooth.
Fig. 4 shows the cutter head provided with tooth holders and nozzles as shown in Fig. 1 in position at the breast 24. The cutter head 28 rotates in the direction of arrow 29. There will be a chip of decreasing thickness during an upward cut and a chip of increasing thickness during a downward cut. In both cases the water jet 27 dischar~ed from the nozzle will impinge at 30 the groove-that has been dug by the cutter tooth.
:. : .
: . " : . ~, ., ~' :::. ' :. :.. ' :' . : :: ''-. :
., ~ . " ~ ~ .
Claims (15)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An arrangement for cooling the cutter teeth of a cutting tool, particularly a rotary cutter head, of a rock-cutting machine and which cutter teeth are only temporarily in engagement with a rock face or breast to be cut, and for cooling the face or breast, by means of a coolant which is discharged from nozzles mounted on the cutting tool and associated with respective cutter teeth, and including control means which supply coolant to a nozzle only when a cutter tooth with which the nozzle is associated engages the rock, characterized in that the cutter tooth is carried by a shank which is axially movable in a tooth holder, and sup-ported against cutting pressure, the coolant being water and the supply of water to a nozzle is controlled in dependence of the load on the cutter tooth with which the nozzle is associated.
2. An arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the shank is resiliently biased against the cutting pressure and the supply of coolant is controlled in dependence on the dis-placement of the cutter tooth.
3. An arrangement according to claim 1 charact-erized in that a valve for controlling the supply of coolant to the nozzle is accommodated in the tooth holder.
4. An arrangement according to claim 3, characterized in that the shank has a radially protruding flange, which cooper-ates with means for opening the valve.
5. An arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that the means for opening the valve consist of a piston, which is guided and sealed in a bore and which carries a rod, which acts on the valve.
6. An arrangement according to claim 3, characterized in that the valve consists of a ball which is held in closed posi-tion only by the pressure under which the coolant is supplied.
7. An arrangement according to claim 3, characterized in that the valve for controlling the supply of coolant to the noz-zle is disposed on that side of the shank which faces the axis of the cutter head and the nozzle is disposed on that side of the shank which is remote from the axis of the cutter head.
8. An arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that water is supplied to the nozzle at a pressure of at least 20 bars.
9. An arrangement according to claim 8, wherein the pressure is above 25 bars.
10. An arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the valve has a valve core which has an outwardly protruding part in the form of an annular flange, which engages the shank at that end thereof which is remote from the cutting tooth.
11. An arrangement according to claims 1 or 10, characterized in that the valve and the nozzle are disposed on that side of the shank which is remote from the axis of the cutter head.
12. An arrangement according to claim 10, characterized in that the valve cone is urged toward a valve seat by a spring which is biased generally opposite to the working load acting on the cutting tooth.
13. An arrangement according to claim 12, characterized in that a first chamber which is upstream of the nozzle directly adjoins a second chamber which is downstream of the valve seat.
14. An arrangement according to claim 13, characterized in that the water enters the nozzle under a pressure of at least 200 bars.
15. An arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle is directed to the groove which has been cut by the cutter tooth.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATA7522/78 | 1978-10-19 | ||
| AT752278A AT358510B (en) | 1978-10-19 | 1978-10-19 | DEVICE FOR COOLING THE CHISELING TOOLS OF A BREAKING MACHINE AND THE LOCAL CHEST |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1126766A true CA1126766A (en) | 1982-06-29 |
Family
ID=3596870
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA332,967A Expired CA1126766A (en) | 1978-10-19 | 1979-08-01 | Arrangement for cooling the cutter teeth of the cutting tool of a rock-cutting machine and for cooling the breast |
Country Status (18)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0010534B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS582319B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT358510B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU518950B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1126766A (en) |
| CS (1) | CS256360B2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2963366D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES485476A1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU180112B (en) |
| IN (1) | IN151400B (en) |
| MA (1) | MA18567A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX150297A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ191359A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL120113B1 (en) |
| RO (1) | RO87652A (en) |
| SU (1) | SU1266476A3 (en) |
| YU (1) | YU41877B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA793915B (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4488759A (en) * | 1982-03-10 | 1984-12-18 | Santrade Ltd. | Device for supplying fluid to a tool for breaking hard material |
| US4498707A (en) * | 1983-01-22 | 1985-02-12 | Krampe & Co. Fertigung In Bergbaubedarf Gmbh Zweigniederlassung | Cutting roller |
| US4542942A (en) * | 1982-07-06 | 1985-09-24 | Voest-Alpine Aktiengesellschaft | Bit holder equipped with a spraying device |
| US4555143A (en) * | 1983-04-11 | 1985-11-26 | Voest-Alpine Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus for cutting rock |
| US4569558A (en) * | 1983-07-25 | 1986-02-11 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Drag bit construction |
| DE3630636C1 (en) * | 1986-09-09 | 1987-10-01 | Beyer Rudi Dipl Ing | Arrangement for controlling the liquid supply to the individual spray nozzle on a chipping roller |
| US4976496A (en) * | 1988-07-19 | 1990-12-11 | Sandvik Ab | Valve openable in response to displacement of a cutting tool |
| US5007684A (en) * | 1990-02-05 | 1991-04-16 | Minnovation Limited | Water spray unit for mining |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2854307A1 (en) * | 1978-12-15 | 1980-07-03 | Kennametal Inc | BRACKET FOR ATTACHING CHISELS, ESPECIALLY ROUNDING CHISELS TO MINING EXTRACTION AND TRACKING MACHINES |
| DE8013540U1 (en) * | 1980-05-20 | 1980-10-30 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh, 4300 Essen | WATER NOZZLE WITH SELF-CLEANING DEVICE |
| DE3021821C2 (en) * | 1980-06-11 | 1983-01-13 | Gebr. Eickhoff, Maschinenfabrik U. Eisengiesserei Mbh, 4630 Bochum | Chisel chisels for mining and drifting machines |
| AT369859B (en) * | 1981-03-12 | 1983-02-10 | Voest Alpine Ag | DEVICE FOR COOLING THE CHISELS OF A BREWING MACHINE |
| AT370208B (en) * | 1981-06-04 | 1983-03-10 | Voest Alpine Ag | DEVICE FOR COOLING THE CHISELS OF A BREWING MACHINE |
| AT370209B (en) * | 1981-06-04 | 1983-03-10 | Voest Alpine Ag | DEVICE FOR COOLING THE CHISELS OF A BREWING MACHINE |
| DE3122323A1 (en) * | 1981-06-05 | 1982-12-23 | Gewerkschaft Eisenhütte Westfalia, 4670 Lünen | Control of the pressure water of cutting drums with internal spray arrangement |
| DE3234993A1 (en) * | 1982-09-22 | 1984-03-22 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh, 4300 Essen | AUTOMATIC PART EQUIPMENT ON CUTTING WORKING MACHINES |
| DE3242137C2 (en) * | 1982-11-13 | 1985-06-05 | Ruhrkohle Ag, 4300 Essen | Damped, guided pick |
| GB8306641D0 (en) * | 1983-03-10 | 1983-04-13 | Wimet Mining Ltd | Pick holding arrangements |
| US4786111A (en) * | 1983-09-26 | 1988-11-22 | Zekeriya Yargici | Apparatus and method for delivering liquid coolant to drum mounted cutting tools |
| DE3341321C2 (en) * | 1983-11-15 | 1986-04-24 | Ruhrkohle Ag, 4300 Essen | Arrangement of the cutting bit holder on the cutting body |
| AT381366B (en) * | 1984-11-02 | 1986-10-10 | Ver Edelstahlwerke Ag | DEVICE FOR DEGRADING STONE AND ROUNDING CHISEL FOR THIS DEVICE |
| DE3441950C1 (en) * | 1984-11-16 | 1986-04-24 | Paurat GmbH, 4223 Voerde | Device for holding the picks and for controlling the spray-medium feed in a cutting head for a heading machine |
| DE3441949C1 (en) * | 1984-11-16 | 1986-04-24 | Friedrich Wilhelm Paurat | Device for holding the picks and for controlling the spray-medium feed in a cutting head for a heading machine |
| DE3443289C1 (en) * | 1984-11-28 | 1993-02-11 | Friedrich Wilhelm Paurat | Method for reducing the ignition of mine gas when working a partially cut tunnel boring machine |
| SE457818B (en) * | 1985-05-03 | 1989-01-30 | Sandvik Ab | DEVICE FOR FLUIDUM SUPPLY FOR TOOLS FOR MINING OF SOLID MATERIAL |
| SE452495B (en) * | 1985-06-13 | 1987-11-30 | Sandvik Ab | DEVICE FOR LIQUID SUPPLY TO A TOOL FOR EXCHANGE OF SOLID MATERIAL |
| US4678238A (en) * | 1986-03-17 | 1987-07-07 | Fansteel Inc. | Coolant sleeve for mining tools |
| JPH0633709B2 (en) * | 1987-09-29 | 1994-05-02 | 清水建設株式会社 | Underground excavator |
| US6247759B1 (en) | 1999-06-08 | 2001-06-19 | Kennametal Pc Inc. | Cutting tool assembly with replaceable spray nozzle |
| GB0017470D0 (en) * | 2000-07-18 | 2000-08-30 | Hydra Tools Int Plc | Pick box for housing a mineral cutter pick |
| US8740314B2 (en) * | 2011-01-11 | 2014-06-03 | Joy Mm Delaware, Inc. | Bit holding system with an opening for removal of broken bits |
| CN104564063A (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2015-04-29 | 李仕清 | Composite rotary-cut mining machine |
| RU2541970C1 (en) * | 2014-01-30 | 2015-02-20 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки ИНСТИТУТ ПРОБЛЕМ КОМПЛЕКСНОГО ОСВОЕНИЯ НЕДР РОССИЙСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК (ИПКОН РАН) | Method for preventing explosion-hazard accumulations of gases and dust in coal destruction zone |
| CN110043276B (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2024-04-23 | 中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司 | Tunnel boring machine, cutter head and hob blade holder protection structure |
| USD1012617S1 (en) | 2021-02-22 | 2024-01-30 | Ball Corporation | Tapered cup |
| CN114183089B (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2024-03-12 | 河南能源化工集团研究总院有限公司 | Novel colliery is beaten in pit and is bored blowout preventer |
| CN114382491B (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-07-22 | 中国有色金属工业昆明勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Drilling system for preventing water burst and mud burst of tunnel and construction method |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1187569B (en) * | 1958-06-10 | 1965-02-25 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh | Device for dust control in peeling coal extraction |
| GB1110763A (en) * | 1963-10-29 | 1968-04-24 | Coal Industry Patents Ltd | Dust suppression means for use with mining machines |
| DE1283777B (en) * | 1967-11-22 | 1968-11-28 | Austin Hoy And Company Ltd Sta | Interchangeable chisels with chisel holder and with feeds for liquid |
| GB1244789A (en) * | 1969-11-06 | 1971-09-02 | Coal Industry Patents Ltd | Dust-suppression means for a mineral mining machine |
| SU619642A1 (en) * | 1976-05-24 | 1978-08-15 | Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Институт Горного Дела Им. А.А.Скочинского | Work-performing member |
| SU621873A1 (en) * | 1977-04-12 | 1978-08-30 | Центральный Научно-Исследовательский И Проектно-Конструкторский Институт Проходческих Машин И Комплексов Для Угольной,Горной Промышленности И Подземного Строительства" | Entry-driving machine work-performing member |
| DE7801940U1 (en) * | 1978-01-23 | 1978-05-03 | Demag Ag, 4100 Duisburg | SCREW CHISEL FOR SOLVING STONE |
-
1978
- 1978-10-19 AT AT752278A patent/AT358510B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1979
- 1979-07-30 DE DE7979890023T patent/DE2963366D1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-07-30 EP EP79890023A patent/EP0010534B1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-07-31 ZA ZA00793915A patent/ZA793915B/en unknown
- 1979-08-01 CA CA332,967A patent/CA1126766A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-08-04 IN IN810/CAL/79A patent/IN151400B/en unknown
- 1979-08-09 JP JP54102718A patent/JPS582319B2/en not_active Expired
- 1979-08-10 YU YU1951/79A patent/YU41877B/en unknown
- 1979-08-20 NZ NZ191359A patent/NZ191359A/en unknown
- 1979-08-21 MA MA18766A patent/MA18567A1/en unknown
- 1979-08-22 HU HU79VO192A patent/HU180112B/en unknown
- 1979-08-22 AU AU50181/79A patent/AU518950B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1979-10-05 SU SU792827301A patent/SU1266476A3/en active
- 1979-10-16 CS CS796987A patent/CS256360B2/en unknown
- 1979-10-16 RO RO7998954A patent/RO87652A/en unknown
- 1979-10-18 PL PL1979219035A patent/PL120113B1/en unknown
- 1979-10-18 MX MX179693A patent/MX150297A/en unknown
- 1979-10-18 ES ES485476A patent/ES485476A1/en not_active Expired
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4488759A (en) * | 1982-03-10 | 1984-12-18 | Santrade Ltd. | Device for supplying fluid to a tool for breaking hard material |
| US4542942A (en) * | 1982-07-06 | 1985-09-24 | Voest-Alpine Aktiengesellschaft | Bit holder equipped with a spraying device |
| US4498707A (en) * | 1983-01-22 | 1985-02-12 | Krampe & Co. Fertigung In Bergbaubedarf Gmbh Zweigniederlassung | Cutting roller |
| US4555143A (en) * | 1983-04-11 | 1985-11-26 | Voest-Alpine Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus for cutting rock |
| US4569558A (en) * | 1983-07-25 | 1986-02-11 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Drag bit construction |
| DE3630636C1 (en) * | 1986-09-09 | 1987-10-01 | Beyer Rudi Dipl Ing | Arrangement for controlling the liquid supply to the individual spray nozzle on a chipping roller |
| US4895413A (en) * | 1986-09-09 | 1990-01-23 | Dipl.-Ing. Rudi Beyer | Cutter roller with spraying nozzle |
| US4976496A (en) * | 1988-07-19 | 1990-12-11 | Sandvik Ab | Valve openable in response to displacement of a cutting tool |
| US5007684A (en) * | 1990-02-05 | 1991-04-16 | Minnovation Limited | Water spray unit for mining |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| RO87652A (en) | 1985-10-31 |
| DE2963366D1 (en) | 1982-09-09 |
| SU1266476A3 (en) | 1986-10-23 |
| CS256360B2 (en) | 1988-04-15 |
| NZ191359A (en) | 1983-05-31 |
| ATA752278A (en) | 1980-02-15 |
| ZA793915B (en) | 1980-07-30 |
| PL120113B1 (en) | 1982-02-27 |
| AT358510B (en) | 1980-09-10 |
| AU518950B2 (en) | 1981-10-29 |
| JPS5555797A (en) | 1980-04-23 |
| RO87652B (en) | 1985-10-02 |
| MA18567A1 (en) | 1980-07-01 |
| EP0010534B1 (en) | 1982-07-21 |
| YU41877B (en) | 1988-02-29 |
| MX150297A (en) | 1984-04-11 |
| PL219035A1 (en) | 1980-06-16 |
| AU5018179A (en) | 1980-04-24 |
| HU180112B (en) | 1983-02-28 |
| IN151400B (en) | 1983-04-09 |
| ES485476A1 (en) | 1980-05-16 |
| EP0010534A1 (en) | 1980-04-30 |
| YU195179A (en) | 1983-01-21 |
| JPS582319B2 (en) | 1983-01-14 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 19990629 |