CA1109270A - Blasting wheel to obtain a grain material stream - Google Patents

Blasting wheel to obtain a grain material stream

Info

Publication number
CA1109270A
CA1109270A CA328,936A CA328936A CA1109270A CA 1109270 A CA1109270 A CA 1109270A CA 328936 A CA328936 A CA 328936A CA 1109270 A CA1109270 A CA 1109270A
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
drum
sector
outlet opening
throw
granular material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CA328,936A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jadwiga T. Michalak
Witold Kreglewski
Stanislaw Urbanski
Janusz A. Plotkowiak
Czeslaw K. Stodulny
Boleslaw K. Michalak
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Politechnika Poznanska
Original Assignee
Politechnika Poznanska
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PL20735878A external-priority patent/PL118690B1/en
Priority claimed from PL21440779A external-priority patent/PL214407A3/xx
Application filed by Politechnika Poznanska filed Critical Politechnika Poznanska
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA1109270A publication Critical patent/CA1109270A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24CABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C5/00Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
    • B24C5/06Impeller wheels; Rotor blades therefor

Abstract

Abstract A wheel for providing a granular material stream has an axial inlet opening for the material and a mechanism shielding the outlet openings beyond the angular throw sector. The throwing element of the wheel is a bladeless rotating drum inside which is a chamber in which is formed a rotating layer of granular material on the walls inside the drum. This layer protects the walls against wear. For outflow of the material accelerated to throwing speed the chamber has at its circumference a series of outlet openings which are closed when outside the angular throw sector.

Description

~3~7~

The invention relates to a blasting wheel to provide a granular material stream, designed particularly for sho~ blasting machines used in foundries, paint shops, enamel shops, or galvanizing plants, or for surface hardening and superfinishing machines, Eor thickening sand mix by slinging, or for plaster floating etc.
Airless hot blasting machines, which are well known, have rotatable throwing wheels with blades. The wheel consists of a distributing impeller, a regulating sleeve and a blade wheel mounted on a common axis.
In such ~Iheels shot passes between the blades o-f the dlstributi~e impeller and from there flows through an opening in the stationar~ regulating sleeve between the blades of the work wheel, and thence to the edges of the blades. The blades throw the shot in a direction substantially perpendicular to their work surfaces.
The basic disadvantage of known wheels is that of rapid wear of the blades of the work wheel, and of the elements of the distributing impeller and regulating sleeve. In spite of being made of highly abrasion resistant materials they must be replaced very often. Uneven wear of the wheel parts and in particular of its blades causes unbalance of the wheel that increases considerably the load on the wheel bearings and the nolse of its operation.
2~ German Patent specification number 834341 discloses a wheel to provide a stream of granular material, which consists of two basic subassem-blies, namel~ a rotating disk with spiral channels therein, in which blades are mounted at the outlets of the channels, and of a pan shaped element rota-ting with the disk. The axis of rotation of the pan in relation to the axis of the disk is set at an angle. The granular material is supplied through the hub, in the circumferential walls of which are radial openings connected with the spiral channels in the disk. The material flows under centri-fugal force from spiral channels onto the blades where it is accelerated to throw speed. In the areas outside the radial sector of the throw the disk -~. ' ', f~
blades are shielded by the edge of the pan rotating with the throw. ~ut the outlet openings of the spiral channels are not closed. Therefore in the area outside the radial throw sector the material can also flow out which in practice can cause throwing of material by the wheel in undesirable directions.
United States Patent specification number 2,275,434 discloses a centrifugal abrasive blasting machine operable to throw a concentrated stream of abrasive over a predetermined limited arc. This machine includes a rotor having a plurality of equally spaced radial abrasive discharge passages extend-ing inwardly to a central space, a rotatably mounted control runner positioned within said space and having its axis of rotation in alignment with the axis of rotation of the rotor. The control runner has a plurality of equally spaced abrasive discharge passages differing in number from the number of discharge passages of the rotor. The driving means are operable to rotate the rotor and runner at speeds, which are in inverse ratio to the number of discharge passages in the rotor and runner respectively so as to move the successive passages in the runner into discharging alignment with the successive passages in the rotor at a predetermined angular position during rotation.
During operation the rotor and control runner are exhibited to abrasive wear over the entire width of the rotor's central space, the runner and their discharge passages.
It is an object of the invention to eliminate rapid wearing of the component parts of the blasting wheel and to design such a wheel in which the degree to which the material rubs against the component parts of the wheel as it is accelerated to throw speed is reduced.
The invention provides apparatus for generating a stream of granular material over an angular throw sector, said apparatus comprising: a throwing element formed by a bladeless rotatable drum having an interior which defines a rotating chamber for the granular material, said container having at least ., 2 eS~

one peripheral outlet opening, means for supplying granular material into said chamber, drive means for rotating the drum to discharge granular material through each said outlet opening, and means for blocking each said outlet open-ing when outside said angular throw sector, whereby material is discharged there-from only within said angular throw sector, wherein said means for blocking comprising a ring rotatable with the drum on an axis at a pre-set angle to that of the drum and enclosing part of the drum circumference, the non-enclosed remainder of the drum circumference defining said throw sector, including means for adjusting the orientation of the ring axis around the axis of the drum thereby to selectively vary the location of said throw sector.
In operation, the chamber of the rotating drum is fed with material through an axial inlet opening. The material accumulates in form of a layer mainly at the circumference of the chamber, resulting in self balancing of the rotating system. During each full revolution of the drum each of outlet open-ings is uncovered in a certain angular sector. Outside that sector the outlet openings remain closed.
Preferably, the width of the drum chamber is greater than the width of its outlet opening. Such design enables setting the granular material inside the rotating drum not only on a circumferential wall but also along side walls.
Thus the whole area of inside walls of the drum has a covering layer of material.
The material introduced through inlet opening at the axis hits the layer of the rotating material. Therefore the drum chamber inside walls are exposed to very much less wear.
` It is favourable if the hub of the rotating ring is set on a body, which in turn is rotatably mounted in relation to the drum axis and is provided with a lock to set its position. Such a bearin& system of the ring hub enables adjustment of the direction in which a stream of grain material is thrown out of the drum.

" -3-, Particularly low erosion of the outlet openings is achieved when they are inclined in relation to the radius of the drum in a direction reverse to the direction of revolution. Because of this design, the material that is accelerated to the throw speed inside the drum does not touch the walls of the outlet openings, or its pressure on the inside walls of the outlet openings is minute. That protects the walls of the outlet openings against erosion and contributes to a considerable lengthening of the service life. Preferably, outlet openings have changeable inserts made of abrasion resistant materials, such as sintered carbides. The inserts are mounted in the wheel body. To facilitate periodical change of the inserts it is preferred to mount them in frames removably fixed on the drum body.
It is also advantageous if the rotating drum shaft as well as the rotating ring have their bearing systems located at one side of the drum and the inlet opening at the other. The infeed opening then does not require a cylindrical sleeve, and the end of the infeed hopper can be inserted directly into the drum chamber. Such design in practice eliminates the possibility of hopper clogging.
The rotational speeds of the rotating drum and the rotating ring can be the same or different. In the last case more uniform wear of the work periphery of the ring is achieved over the whole circumferen~e. To achieve the required speed ratio between drum and ring these two elements are movably con-nected. This movable connection can be done with constant speed universal joints - or flexible joints, or claw or friction clutches or transmissions, in particular gear ones. In the latter case the required transmission ratio between the drum revolutions and ring revolutions can be easily achieved.
The present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the attached drawings in which:
Figure 1 shows the wheel in vertical axial section;

2~

Figure 2 shows a further wheel construction in vertical axial section;
Figure 3 shows the wheel drum in cross-section on the line A - A in Figure 2;
Figure 4 shows the structural detail of an outlet opening sleeve in the drum body in a cross-section on the line A - A in Figure 2, to an enlarged scale; and Figure 5 shows another design of sleeve mounting of the outlet open-ing in the drum body.
In Figure 1 the drum 1 is fixedly mounted on the sleeve 2 carried in two roller bearings 3. A pul]ey wheel 4 is attached to the sleeve. An infeed hopper 5 extends into the opening of the sleeve 2. Outlet openings 6 are regularly spaced around the circumferential wall of the drum 1. The circum-ferential wall of the drum 1 is enclosed within a ring 7 mounted on a disk 8 connected to a shaft 9. The shaft 9 is set in rol~er bearings 10 and is provided; with a belt pulley 11. The axis of the shaft 9 and ring 7 is inclined at an angle ~ to the axis of the drum 1 and sleeve 2. Because of this angular setting,the ring 7 blocks some of the openings 6 of the drum 1 (the upper openings in the drawing) while others of them remain uncovered (the lower openings in the drawing).
The wheel operates as follows: the drum 1 and the ring 7 are rotated by a driving unit (not shown in the drawing). The speeds of rotation of the drum 1 and of the ring 7 are the same. Granular material is introduced into the cylinder drum chamber through the hopper 5. The drum 1 rotates about its axis and the ring 7 rotates synchronously around the axis inclined at an angle to the drum 1 axis, so that during such rotation the ring 7 uncovers success-ively these outlet openings 6 that are instantaneously directed in the set throwdirection. Due to centrifugal force, the granular material in the drum distri-butes itself on the inside wall of the drum forming a layer thereon. Material ' -5-~:

introduced from the hopper 5 inside the rotating drum 1 does not strike the walls of the drum but impacts the adherent layer of granular material, so that the drum wall is to a great extent protected against wear. The material is thrown out only through such outlet openings 6, that are at a given moment uncovered by the ring 7 (the lower openings in the drawing). The sector through-out which the openings 6 are opened can be adjusted by changing the angle between drum 1 and ring 7 axes.
The wheel of Figures 2 and 3 is similar to the one shown in Figure 1, but has more favourable structure.
In Figure 2 the drum 21 is fixed on the shaft 22 mounted in two roller bearings 23. In the end wall of the drum 1 opposite to the shaft 22 is an axial opening 24 through which the end of the hopper 25 is introduced. In the circum-ferential wall oE the drum 21 are regularly spaced outlet openings 26. Around the circumferential wall of the drum 1 there is a ring 27, having an integral hub 28. In the end wall between the ring 27 and the hub 28 are openings 29.
The hub 28 is carried on two roller bearings 30, that are mounted on the body 31, and inside which the drum-shaft 22 extends. The axis of the bearing system of the drum 21 forms the angle d with the axis of the bearing system of the hub - 28. The body 31 is rotatably mounted on the bearing system base 32. The body 31 can be turned in relation to that base by any angle around the axis of the shaft 22 and can be locked in a desired position by a clamp 36. Between the hub 28 and the drum 21 is a bevel gear transmission 33 in which two changing gears have unequal number of teeth.
As it has been shown in Figures 3 and 4 the outlet openings 26 are inclined by angle ~ to the radius of the drum opposite to the direction of rotation marked with B arrow. The most favourable magnitude of r angle inclina-tion is determined from the equation:

.

360 ~R2 2 i ~ /
= arc tg 2 r R
-R cos / r - arc sin ~R - r2 / - r 2 r R
where: R means radius from the drum axis to the outside end of the outlet open-ing 26, r means the radius from the drum axis to the inside end edge of the out-let opening 26.
To facilitate changing of outlet channels that wear out during opera-tion the following design was applied (see Figures 3 and 4).
In the circumferential wall of the drum 21 removable frames 34 are installed, that can be slipped off the drum parallel to its axis. In each of the frames 34 there is a square opening of a narrowing diameter in direction of the circumference of the drum 21. The walls of this opening are lined by the inserts 35 shaped as plates made of nonabrasive material. The inserts 35 are locked in the frames by plates 37 screwed to the frames 34. It is obvious that instead of square openings, openings of triangular or any other suitable shape can be used in the frames 34.
In the design of Figure 5 the inserts 351 have the shape of tapered sleeves and are mounted by pressing them into taper seats made in the frames 34, This facilitates easy changing of the inserts.
The wheel of Figures 2 and 3 operates as follows: Before start up granular material is poured into the drum through the infeed hopper 25, so that it fills the inside of the drum chamber up to the level of the infeed opening 24 The drum 21 and the ring 27 are then caused to rotate by a motor (not shown in the drawing) which is connected with a belt pulley 38, without interrupting infeed of the material into the drum chamber. Grains that reach the vicinity of outlet openings 26 are accelerated to throw speed. The grains are thrown ;:

outside only through those openings 26 that are at the moment uncovered by the ring 27. Because of the inclination of the outlet openings 26 to the radius of the drum 21 in the direction opposite to the direction of drum rotation, grains passing through outlet openings 26 do not in practice undergo any acceleration and therefore the friction of the material on the outlet openings walls is very small, and consequently the erosion of the outlet openings walls is minimal.
The direction in which the stream of material is thrown can be adjusted with turning the body 31 with respect to the base 32 after loosening the clamp 36.

,....

':

Claims (7)

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. Apparatus for generating a stream of granular material over an angular throw sector, said apparatus comprising: a throwing element formed by a bladeless rotatable drum having an interior which defines a rotating chamber for the granular material, said container having at least one peripheral outlet opening, means for supplying granular material into said chamber, drive means for rotating the drum to discharge granular material through each said outlet opening, and means for blocking each said outlet opening when outside said angular throw sector, whereby material is discharged therefrom only within said angular throw sector, wherein said means for blocking comprises a ring rotatable with the drum on an axis at a pre-set angle to that of the drum and enclosing part of the drum circumference, the non-enclosed remainder of the drum circum-ference defining said throw sector, including means for adjusting the orientation of the ring axis around the axis of the drum thereby to selectively vary the location of said throw sector.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the chamber has an axial length greater than the length of said outlet opening.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein each outlet opening is inclined with respect to the radius of the drum in a direction opposite to the direction of drum rotation.
4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein each outlet opening is defined by a replaceable insert made of abrasion resistant material.
5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein each outlet opening is defined by a replaceable insert made of abrasion resistant material, said insert being carried in a frame detachably secured in the drum.
6. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein bearing means for the drum and the ring are located at one axial end of the drum, the opposite axial end of the drum including an inlet opening for the supply of granular material to said chamber.
7. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the drum is coupled to the ring.
CA328,936A 1978-06-03 1979-06-01 Blasting wheel to obtain a grain material stream Expired CA1109270A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PLP-207358 1978-06-03
PL20735878A PL118690B1 (en) 1978-06-03 1978-06-03 Rotor for producing streams of granular materials
PL21440779A PL214407A3 (en) 1979-03-27 1979-03-27
PLP-214407 1979-03-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA1109270A true CA1109270A (en) 1981-09-22

Family

ID=26652899

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA328,936A Expired CA1109270A (en) 1978-06-03 1979-06-01 Blasting wheel to obtain a grain material stream

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0005832A1 (en)
CA (1) CA1109270A (en)
DD (1) DD144019A5 (en)
DE (1) DE7921101U1 (en)
YU (1) YU119879A (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4324389A1 (en) * 1993-07-21 1995-01-26 Badische Maschf Gmbh Method and device for blasting workpieces
DE10216819A1 (en) * 2002-04-16 2003-11-06 Roesler Oberflaechentechnik Gm adjusting

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2116152A (en) * 1935-02-06 1938-05-03 Pangborn Corp Abrading apparatus
US2135510A (en) * 1936-11-14 1938-11-08 American Foundry Equip Co Centrifugal abrading device
US2116153A (en) * 1937-09-02 1938-05-03 Pangborn Corp Abrading apparatus
US2275434A (en) * 1939-08-21 1942-03-10 American Foundry Equip Co Centrifugal blasting machine
DE834341C (en) * 1950-09-21 1952-03-17 Walter Heuss Wheel blasting machine
DK117820B (en) * 1965-03-26 1970-06-01 Atomizer N Ak Atomizer wheel for atomizing slurries of highly abrasive materials.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
YU119879A (en) 1983-01-21
DD144019A5 (en) 1980-09-24
EP0005832A1 (en) 1979-12-12
DE7921101U1 (en) 1979-12-13

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