US2212451A - Abrasive throwing or impelling apparatus - Google Patents

Description

original 'gled Aug. 14, 1933 I :ssheet'a-sheet 1 Mahi# u- 20, 1940- I L. D. PEIK i 2,212,451

ABRASIVE THROWING OR IMPELLING APPARATUS original Filed Aug. 14, 193:5

3 Sheets-Sheet 2 -i-3- Patented Aug. 20,

UNITED 'STATES `2,212,451 Y yanaasrvr: 'rnaowiNG on. IMPELLING APPARATUS Louis D. Peik, Cleveland, Ohio, assigner to The American Foundry Equipment Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Original application August 14, 1933, Serial No.

685,025. Divided and'thisapplication March 27, 1940, Serial No. 326,287

5 z claims. (o1. 51-9) My invention relates to abrasive throwing or impelling apparatus of the centrifugal type and its primary object is to generally improve and vrender such abrasive throwing or impelling-apparatus more .effective and efficient for the workintended and to have long life in operation 'without appreciable or serious wear or abrasion of the chief operative parts thereof,'and. hence to provide an improved centrifugal machine'for effectively applying abrasive material for the intended purpose at a minimum cost for apparatus v and abrasive material employed in a given operation. 'I'his application is a true division of my vcopending application Serial No. 685,025, filed August 14, 193 3 Heretofore it has been'propo'sed to employ centrifugal machines for forcibly throwing., or impelling granular materials as sand for cutting and4 engraving or polishing on stone, metal, glass and other hard substances.

The improved apparatus embodying my invention is primarily designedfor forcibly throwing or impelling granular abrasive materials as sand andthe like for cleaning and polishing metallic castings as theyv come from the foundry molds; and in centrifugal machines heretofore employed for this and analogous'granular abrasive polishing, cutting and engraving operations on hard substances, bladed rotary centrifugal ma-` chines have been devised throwing the abrasive material peripherally and' tangentially from the rotor, direction being given to the discharged miaterialv by' means of shields covering a part-of the periphery of the impeller orv rotor, thus leaving a part of the discharged material only free for the most'eective discharge and polishing or cutting. action upon the work in hand, 'with the resulting effect that a large part of the granular material forcibly passing from theperiphery of the rotary impeller tangentially `and a high cutting or abrading velocities wastes itself by initially; contactingsuch shields and wearing such shield, ing apparatus so rapidly'as to require distressingly frequent and expensive replacements of such parts, wasting much power, and if not shielded,

abrasive also may be wasted or dissipated.

Furthermore, in the known centrifugalmachines for throwingvor impelling abrasive, the

action of the abrasive upon thel blades or discharge passage walls of the centrifugal rotors have by reason of the high velocity of the rotors and the frictioh of the abrasive passing thereoverl to the periphery 'and pointsof tangential discharge of tli' abrasive, c'aused rapid destructive wear upon the impeller blades or discharge-devices rendering` t-,he rotors exceedingly short lived and requiring such frequent and expensive replacements as to render such apparatus uneconomical and substantially impractical for the intended purpose. v

My invention aims at .the construction of a. novel and Aimproved abrasive throwing and impelling centrifugal device adapted to directionally and positively control the stream of impelled'and ltangentially discharged abrasive coming from the 10 periphery of the centrifugal device by effectively limiting and confining the discharge to a predetermined sector or portion of the periphery of the centrifugal device.

,It is a further object of my invention to provide 15 in an improved centrifugal abrasive throwing and impelling device of thedescribed character, improved, adjustable abrasive discharge controlling means whereby the predetermined and limited effective discharge sector of the device may be 20 shifted at will with respect to the periphery thereof to adjustably control the direction of the discharge stream in relation to the periphery of the centrifugal machine. .Other objects willfappear from the following 25 description directed to the preferred embodiment vof my invention as depicted in the accompanying drawings forming a. part of the specification, the features of. novelty being set forth in the appended claims.

...'In the said drawings:

- Fig, 1 is an elevation view of my centrifugal.

machine, the directionally controlled abrasive discharge stream from which is diagrammatically indicated in connection with a sectional frag- 35 ment of a table or support for articles being p01- discharge blade locking means.

Figs. 5 and 6 respectively are fragmentary sections showing modiied forms of the rotor structure of my improved machine over the form shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, and being illustra- 50 tive of modifications of the abrasive discharging.

yportions of the rotor as specifically shown in the sectional view Fig. 3.

F18. 'I is al fragmentary transverse section showing details of the modification appearing in a detachably mounted abrasivev discharging or.

Adelivery blade construction for the rotor.

In the embodiment of my invention illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive the rotary part of the abrasive impelling mounted or xed upon a high speed rotatable shaft IIJ carried by suitable bearings, not shown, and consists o f two circular plates II and- I2, preferably A'detachably and concentrically connected together by a plurality of suitable ntermediate or spacing members I3 of sector-like form-- that may be conveniently spaced apart around the peripheries of and between the plates I I and I2 to form substantially radiating abrasive discharge passageways central portion to the outer periphery of the composite rotor thus formed, the vsaid plates II, I2 and the spacing members I3 being rmly but detachably united by a plurality of screw threaded clamping bolts I4- passing through registering openings in these parts and provided with co-foperating threaded nuts I5.' Plate II is provided with a central laterally extending hub portion I5 having a bore centrally of the plate and of the composite rotatory device. by which it is firmly so affixed or'locked to the high speed rotatable/shaft I0 by means of locking key or spline I'l tted into co-operating grooves in said hub and shaft;

My device (Figs. 1 and- 2) is shown as provided with an abrasive gravity supply feed pipe, a

$5 section of which is designated by reference character 20 and this'supply feed pipe section has formed integrally Y upon the lower, inwardly' curved portion thereof a relatively thick circular heador boss 2l servingas a support for the' pipe l section 20 and being xed or non-rotatively supported in relation to the rotative parts on the end of the s haft Ill by any`suitable supporting means as by a xed or stationary embracing fork or notch at its extremity adjacent the Aouter. periphery of the pipe 20 and to which the head or boss is xedly `and detachably secured by the headed screws or bolts 23 sothat the head or b oss with itsintegrally, connected curved feed pipe 'section 20 andthe adjustable stationary feed ring 24 carried thereby. may be held in relatively stationary co-operative, registering position in relation to the abrasive feed chamber 25 of substan-y tially cylindrical form, the axis ofwhich coincides with the axis of the speed shaft III and rotative parts thereon. The feed headorboss 2I is periphi erally grooved to receive a ring or bead 26 or other inwardly projecting part or parts on the cylindrical feed ring or band 24, this ring or other in wardly projecting part guiding the rotary adjustlIl() ments of feed lringor cup 24 and being shown secured to the feed ring by a plurality ofscrews' 21.

' y To form the feed chamber cavity 25 in which to receivethe feed ring or cup 24, the hubbed disc plate Il is provided on its inner face with a circular depression 28 and the radially ar'ranged spacing members I3, as well as the outer plate I 2,

are correspondingly formed or cut away to regis- -terwiththe outer circular, 'peripheral wall of the depression 28,'` thus completing the contour of the *cylindrical feedl chamber or cavity 25. 'Ihe plate I2 is` further preferably recessed on its outer side at 29 to accommodate a peripheral ange 30 integral with the feed ring 24 to proy vide further offsetting or-gland-like means for 75 preventing the escape and loss of abrasive matecentrifugal machine isy I8 leading from ,the

lthat the said walls extend at anv angle of 45 or yor boss 2l 'may be recessed as indicated. at ,35, leaving a curved, continuation nipple or' spout 40 ofthe feed pipe 20 extending axially int/0 the feed l0 chamber so that granularvabrasive on other material being impelled may be delivered well onl the interior of the feed chamber 25 and adjacent the 'path of travel of a'v plurality of radially arranged agitating lugs or projections 3B shown in' the 15 present embodiment as being four'in number and equally spaced around the axial line of shaft I0 and the feed chamber and being carried on a circular plate 31 having segmental slots 38 by which it may be adjustably secured by screws 39 20 in the aforesaid depression 28 in plate I I and over the end of lshaft I0 which is keyed to plate II whereby to permit axial rotative adjustment of the agitating lugs 36 in relation to other parts around the feed chamber 25, and particularly in 25 relation to the abrasive discharge passageways I8.

A further andmost important feature lof `my invention resides in the impelled abrasive str'eam restricting and directional determining means which is a functionof thebefore described feed 30 ring or cup 24 in its rotative adjustments on the feed pipe carrying head or boss 2I in combination with the rotative impellercomprised in the vplates II, I2 and interconnecting parts, the l peripheral wall of the feed ring or cup being provided with the abrasive feed opening 45 (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6) through which granular abrasive or particles of other material to be impelled may pass to the respective discharge passageways toward the outer periphery of the rotary impeller. 40'l Adjustments of the feed r''ng to 'position its abrasive feed opening 45 are permitted by loosening the screw bolts 46 and the binding washers 41 on the feed chamber head` 2I whereupon the radial spaced lugs 48 may be engaged by a suit- 45 able tool or by hand and the ring vrotated to bring the feed opening to any desired rotative position and then xedly secured and the discharge of the abrasive stream directionally controlled, as maybe understood from' the foregoing descrip- 50 cured by trailing or incli'nng the direction of the passageway walls rearwardly of thedirection of rotative travel of the device in Figs. 1- and 2 so 65 more to -the radial line of discharge of the l abrasive through. the opening 45. The rear wall Y,

'of Aeach passageway I8 maybefurther given av rearwardly curved shape as indicated by refer- 70 ence character 50 as a further protection against v lharmful or cutting frictional engagementwith abrasive. i

In order that the desired impellingforce be' imparted to the abrasive particles before dis- 745I charge from the rotating device, the direction of the discharge passageways I8 at their outer extremities will be constructed so as to present suh-A stantially radially extending surfaces to the abrasive particles, and such angular turn in the passageways will present a frictional contact with the abrasive being discharged'substantially tangentially and will be protected by the placement of detacl1able,.specia1ly'hardened metallic plates as designated by reference characters 60 (Figs. 2 to 6 inclusive) which may have a thickened transverse rib 6| engaging a corresponding transverse groove in the discharge passage wall, the plates being detachably secured in position by transverse locking, cylindrical headed screws 83 shown in Figs. 2 to 6 inclusive. Each screw 83.

as shown more particularly in Figure 4, is provided with a threaded shank portion 63a which screws into a threaded hole provided in the circular side wall plate Il and a shoulder portion ,63h adapted to engage the adjacent side edge of the adjacent wear plate 60 to secure. the wear plate in position.

In Figs. 6 and 7 I show afmodiiied form of the impeller in which the spacing membersare constructed to provide radial air relief passages 10 leading into discharge passageways 80 corresponding to passageways I8 and these modiiled 4spacing members being indicated by reference character 8|. A transverse air relief passage 'H communicates with air relief passageTIi and vents through registering openings 12, 'I3 in rotor plates Il and I2 respectively. The air relief to the impeller discharge passageways thus provided is highly advantageous in discharging certain forms of abrasive and other analogous mal terials. v

In Fig. 5 I show a further modified form, of

rugated throwing surface comprising a plurality of slightly angular elevations 96 arranged on the plates so as to present asuccession of slight inclines to the outward travel of the abrasive, each incline followed by. an abrupt step-down as indicated at 91. As the abrasive is impelled over the inclined surfaces. 8G in passing over the stepdown portions' 91, an air cushion is formed in the grooves under the particles that protects the material of the plates from the usual and ex pected abrasion.

From the foregoing description .of my invention it will be seen that I have provided improved abrasive impelling means that is capable of directing a controlled stream in any 'desired direction around the rotor axis, determinable by the described adjustment of^ the feed ring 24 since. it will, be seen that when articles to, be treated or abradedare placed in-a definite locaf non with respect to the macmne as, rorexable, `upont'he upper surface of the work support; designated by the reference character A88 in Fig. l, and with the abrasive feed ring opening 45' adjusted tothe position indicated in .ll"lg..I 1, the abrasive material thrown successively from each of thedischarge passageways Il past 'the hardened throwing plates to wm be restricted to substantially the zone of discharge indicated by the nearly tangentially extending full lines as shownillustratively in Fig. l, and it will be fur' ther noted that this is 'true of the discharge of the abrasive material from each ofthe plurality ofdischarge passageways shown in the present embodiment of the invention as four in number which yis the preferred construction since the abrasive material will only be received into each of 'the passageways I8 as they successively pass 'the abrasivedischarge opening 45; and with the rotative device traveling at operating speed with a given character of abrasive as sand, the path' of the material as it moves radially outward in each successive throwing passageway I8 will be substantially as deilned by the dotted line indications within the rotatory part so thata complete directional 4control of the abrasive material is obtained without wastage of material or-of power in impelling material in any direction except the desired direction ofthe stream for accomplishing the' work in hand. so that the use of abrasive shielding around the periphery of the rotatory parts and the'expense of the same may be dispensed with, and the rotatory parts are furthermore so constructed as to handle the abrasive throughout the operation with the minimum amount of friction or abrading effect upon the parts, except for the delivery discharging plates 68 which may be specially hardened and readily replaced at a minimum expense for renewals, thus attaining a novel limiting and directional effect to the abrasive stream which will be varied at will around the entire periphery of the rotatory device by the described rotative adjustment of the discharge opening `45 of lthe feed ring 24,

thus adapting the machine to a wide range of usefulness in the forceful imp elling of a controllable stream of various comminuted or liquid materials and analogous substances, it being un- -derstoodthat the rotation of the agitating lugs 36 on the moving circular plate 31 within the feed chamber will have vthe eifect of presenting the delivered material in the feed chamber to the discharge opening 45 of the feed ring in the various positions of indicated adjustment of the respective parts of thev feed ring and the.feed chamber agitating means l In orderv that the inv ntion might be .understood the details of the preferred embodiment have been specifically shown and described but it is'not desired to be limited to such details except as specified in the claims, for it willbe apparent that persons skilled in the art may resort to various modifications without departing from the purpose and spirit of the invention.

What is claimed is: A

1. In a centrifugal machine for `throwing abrasive at blasting velocities, a rotatably mounted rotor head embracingfa pair of spaced side wall discs, a plurality of blade members positioned between and supported by saiddiscs, said blade members being arranged in circumferentiallyspaced relationship betweensaid discs Fand extending inwardly short of the axis of rotation of -said discs to provide-a central space, each of said blade members presenting an abra- 'sive throwing surface embracing a removable andreplaceable wear-plate. having a lug portion projecting from the'bottom face thereof and seated-.within a corresponding recess in' saidblademember, and'a bolt for holding each of said wear plates in operative position, each of lsaid bolts having a threadedportion extending' said blade members presenting an abrasivethrowing surface embracing a removable and replaceable wear plate having a lug portion projecting from the bottom face thereofl and seated within a corresponding recess in said blade member, and a bolt'for holding each o' said wear 8 plates in operative position, each of said bolts having a shank portion extending through one of said discs, a threaded portion extending into a threaded aperture in the other disc, and a shoulder portion engaging the side edge ofthe 10 adjacent wear plate. y

' LOUIS D. PEIK.

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