CA1107135A - Method and apparatus for magnetic printing - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for magnetic printingInfo
- Publication number
- CA1107135A CA1107135A CA335,434A CA335434A CA1107135A CA 1107135 A CA1107135 A CA 1107135A CA 335434 A CA335434 A CA 335434A CA 1107135 A CA1107135 A CA 1107135A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- magnetic
- web
- ink
- layer
- substrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G19/00—Processes using magnetic patterns; Apparatus therefor, i.e. magnetography
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Printers Or Recording Devices Using Electromagnetic And Radiation Means (AREA)
Abstract
B-5??
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAGNETIC PRINTING
Abstract of Disclosure This invention relates to method and apparatus for non-impact magnetic printing wherein an image area is created mag-netically and the image area is developed using a magnetic ink.
The magnetic ink is in liquid form and may be applied to a non-wettable surface that covers a magnetic layer having the formed image.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAGNETIC PRINTING
Abstract of Disclosure This invention relates to method and apparatus for non-impact magnetic printing wherein an image area is created mag-netically and the image area is developed using a magnetic ink.
The magnetic ink is in liquid form and may be applied to a non-wettable surface that covers a magnetic layer having the formed image.
Description
7~L35 !
MET~IOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAGNETIC PRINTING
Background of the Invention Magnetic printing is known in the axt wherein a web, tape, belt or drum will have a magnetizable surface which may have found thereon an image of an original to be copied~ A plurality of methods are known for obtaining such a magnetized image of the originals. A magnetizable development medium is piaced upon the magnetized surface and subsequently transferred to a medium, such as paper, to form a copy of the original. A number of copies may be made by simply placing more development material onto the magnetized surface after each copy is made. Subsequent to the required number of copies being made, the magnetized image may then be erased. Heretofore the prior art has concerned it~self primarily with using develaper powders that are magnetizable and that will adhere to the magnetized image areas. In this respect the course taken by prior magnetic printing investigators has paralleled the~route taken by those involved with electro~tatic copiers in that dry toners are~becoming the prevalent development medium. ~It~ls known that certain advantages exist when a liquid toner is utiIized to develop an image. Liquid toners are less expensive and;the equipment required to dispose the same is less complicated and less expensive. Additionaly, there are no fusing problems as neither heat fuslng nor pressure fusing is required.
Consequen;tly, it would be beneficial to be able to develop magnetically produced images using a liquid developer.
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. .~ , ~ .. ~ .. , ,,, . , . , . .: ., . - :
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Summary of the_Invention Development with a liquid developer is made possible through the'use of a magnetizable web or belt that includes a substrate or support member having a magnetic layer thereover and a thin non-wetting surface over the magnetic layer. In combination with this web, a magnetizable ink would be used wherein the ink would be attracted to the ~agnetized areas but would be free to flow away from those areas that were not magnetized, i.e., the non-image areas. A sheet of paper may then be placed over the non-wetting surface and the ink would be transferred thereto to produce a copy.
8rief Description of the Drawin~
~ IG. 1 show~ a cross-sectional view of a web constructed in accordance with the principles of this invention.
FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 showing the web after being magnetized.
FIG. 3 shows a view similar to FIG. 2 wherein the web has ,ink applied to one surface thereof.
FIG. 4 is an alternate embodiment of the invention showing a'cross-sectionaI area~of a web that may be utilized in accordance with the lnvention. ' FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing magnetic fields that may be set up in the web shown'in E'IG. 4 when used in accordance with this invention.
; FIG. 6 iR a cross-sectional view of an apparatus that may ~ be used 'to ca~ry of the method of the instant invention.
'
MET~IOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAGNETIC PRINTING
Background of the Invention Magnetic printing is known in the axt wherein a web, tape, belt or drum will have a magnetizable surface which may have found thereon an image of an original to be copied~ A plurality of methods are known for obtaining such a magnetized image of the originals. A magnetizable development medium is piaced upon the magnetized surface and subsequently transferred to a medium, such as paper, to form a copy of the original. A number of copies may be made by simply placing more development material onto the magnetized surface after each copy is made. Subsequent to the required number of copies being made, the magnetized image may then be erased. Heretofore the prior art has concerned it~self primarily with using develaper powders that are magnetizable and that will adhere to the magnetized image areas. In this respect the course taken by prior magnetic printing investigators has paralleled the~route taken by those involved with electro~tatic copiers in that dry toners are~becoming the prevalent development medium. ~It~ls known that certain advantages exist when a liquid toner is utiIized to develop an image. Liquid toners are less expensive and;the equipment required to dispose the same is less complicated and less expensive. Additionaly, there are no fusing problems as neither heat fuslng nor pressure fusing is required.
Consequen;tly, it would be beneficial to be able to develop magnetically produced images using a liquid developer.
..
. .~ , ~ .. ~ .. , ,,, . , . , . .: ., . - :
~}7~3~
Summary of the_Invention Development with a liquid developer is made possible through the'use of a magnetizable web or belt that includes a substrate or support member having a magnetic layer thereover and a thin non-wetting surface over the magnetic layer. In combination with this web, a magnetizable ink would be used wherein the ink would be attracted to the ~agnetized areas but would be free to flow away from those areas that were not magnetized, i.e., the non-image areas. A sheet of paper may then be placed over the non-wetting surface and the ink would be transferred thereto to produce a copy.
8rief Description of the Drawin~
~ IG. 1 show~ a cross-sectional view of a web constructed in accordance with the principles of this invention.
FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 showing the web after being magnetized.
FIG. 3 shows a view similar to FIG. 2 wherein the web has ,ink applied to one surface thereof.
FIG. 4 is an alternate embodiment of the invention showing a'cross-sectionaI area~of a web that may be utilized in accordance with the lnvention. ' FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing magnetic fields that may be set up in the web shown'in E'IG. 4 when used in accordance with this invention.
; FIG. 6 iR a cross-sectional view of an apparatus that may ~ be used 'to ca~ry of the method of the instant invention.
'
- 2 -.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments Referring now to FIGs. 1-3, a magnetizable web is shown generally at 10 and includes a substrate or support member 12 upon which a magnetic layer 14 may be supported. A non-wetting surface 16 is disposed over the magnetic layer 14 to cover the magnetic layer. With this construction, the magnetic layer 14 is sandwiched between the support member 12 and the non-wetting surface 16.
A printing device 18 in the form of a magnetic writing head is provided for creating image areas 20 within the magnetic layer 14 by magnetizing discrete areas while the balance of the layer remains unmagnetized. As the writing head 18 is moved (by means not shown) across the web 10, relatively speaking, informa-tion is supplied to the magnetic layer 14 in the Eorm of the image areas 20. A~ter the image areas 20 are formed, magnetic inlc 22 is applied to the non-wetting surface 16 whereby the ink will adhere through magnetic attraction to portions of the surface 16 that correspond to the image areas 20 and will flow rom the balance oE the non-wetting surface. Following the inking of the imaged areas 20, a sheet of paper 23 or any other similar substance may be brought into contact with the non-wetting surface 16 to transfer the ink 22 from the surface to the sheet by means o~ ab-sorbtion thereby creatlng the copy. The latent image under the surface 16 may be developed repeatedly with ink 22 after each trans-fer to a sheet 23 in order to obtain additional copie5 until such tirne as the desired number oP copies is obtained. ~ter completing the prin~ing of the required number of copies, the inEormation or image areas 20 may be erased from the magnetic layer 14 by means well ~nown in the art.
. ~ . ' :
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In FIG. 6, an example of a type of apparatus i8 shown that may be used with the web 10 to carry out the method of the instant invention, This apparatus includes a housing 25 that has a shaft 26 rotatably disposed therein. Means ~not shown) may be provided for selectively rotating the shaft.26. Mounted upon the shaft 26 for rotation therewith is a magnetic decorating wheel 28. Magnetic ink 22 is received.within the housinc~ 25, which housing serves as a sump, and the magnetic wheel 28 is partially submerged within the magnetic ink. In vertical alignment with the magnetic wheel 28 is a roller 30, therebeing an opening 3~ within the housing 25 inter-mediate the magnetic wheel 28 an~ roller 30. Tl1e wheel 28 and roller 30 are spaced from one another a small distance. The web 10 is trained about the roller 30 80 as to be conveyed intermedlate the roller and the magnetic wheel 28 at the location of the opening 32, The web 10 is oriented so that the non-wettable surface 16 is exposed to the wheel 28 and the support member 12 is in contact .
with the rollèr 30.~ As the magnetic wheel 28 is rotated in the .
direction shown by the arrow, a sufficient quantity of ink 22 will adhere to its surEace~due to magnetic attraction and wi}l contact or splash~the underside Oe the web 10 as is conqeyed by the roller 30.~ The~'distance between the~wheel 2'8 and roller 30 will be adj~us;ted so~that an appropriate thickness of ink 22 adheres to the non-wetting~surface 16~.: That:portion o~ the:web 10 that has image areas 20~w~ retaln the magnetic lnk 22 to ,the corresponding areas of the non-wetting surface 16 again through magnetic attraction and , the balance of the surace-16 wlll not retain the ink aS the same will Eiow off and be attracted to the magnetic wheel 28. ~s the .
i ~. ' . ' ~
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.
web 10 is conveyed away from the opening 32 it may subsequently be engayed by a sheet whereby transfer of the ink 22 may take place~ , , The magnetic ink 22 useful in carrying out this invention may include either a dye or pigment that is combined with a magnetic material. This combination then ~ay be used to form a magnetic colloidal suspension such as a diluted ferro fluid which is a water-based system. An example of a magnetic material that may be combined with the dye or pigment is magnetite.' The substrate 12 may be any non-magnetic material that is abie to support the other layers. A material that may be used is polyethyleneterephthalate, which is commercially available under the trademark MYLAR from E I Dupont de Nemours & Co.
The magnetic layer 14 may be a material such as any of the 1cnown magnetic tapes, as for example, ALNICO 5 whioh i6 a commer-cially available combination of 8% Al, 14~ Ni, 24~ Co, 3% CU and 51~ Fe. The,non-wetting surface 16 may be either in the liquid or solid state! An example of a liquid surface that may be used in-cludes water when an oleoPhobic surface is required. When a hydro-phobic surface is required a liquid hydrocarbon may be used. An example of such a liquid hydrocarbon is Isopar G available from Exxon Corp. Many materials are availabl~ for use as a non-wetting sur~ace 16 in the solid state such as polyethyleneterephthalate~
polytetraEluoroethylene, and polyesterO
Writing heads 18 are commercially available for the purpose .
intended as ,for,example,,magneti,c head type 12C 2~ available from Gem Electromagnetics CompanyO
. ~ ., _ . .
! _ S _ ',~ ~ ' ~ ' ' ' 1 ~ . .
. .` : : ' An alternate embodim~nt to the invention is disclosed in FI~s. 4 & 5 wherein the web 10 includes the substrate 12 and non-wetting surface 16 and a pair of layers 34 and 36 therebetween~ -The layer 34 adjacent to the substrate 12 is a low coercivity, high-permeability material such as any of the iron-nickel alloys.
Examples of commerciaily available materials that may be used as the low coercivity, high permeability layer 14 are alloy 2826 and alloy 2826 Ms, both available from Allied Chemical Co. Alloy 2826 is a composition of ~e40 Ni40 P14 B6 and alloy 2826 MB is a com-position of Fe40 Ni30 Mo4 B18. These are but two examples of a family of compositions that are referred to as M~TGLASS alloy by Allied Chemical Co. The layer 3h would be a high-coercivity material such ALNICO 5. By using such a web 10, oriented regions could be written which would either aid the magnetic fields, as indicated on the left in FIG. 5, or oppose the magnetic field as indicated on the right.
In carrying out this invention, the writing head 18 would be placed adjacent to the web 10 and moved relative thereto.
Appropriate input would be supplied to the writing head 18 so as to create the magnetic image areas required. As the writing head 18 moves relative to the web 10, the magnetic areas 20 are created in the magnetic layer 14 and the web is passed to a development station to be contacted by magnetic ink 22. The development station would apply ink 22 upon the non-wetting surface and the image areas of the magnetic layer 36 would attract the ink to the surface oE the non-wetting area to be retained thereon. ~s the web 10 is conveyed past the development station, it would be contacted by a sheet oE paper Eor transfer of the inking to take place.
:
,: ~ . : :
. ~ ~ ,: . . . . . ..
. " , . . ~ ;
- - ~
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments Referring now to FIGs. 1-3, a magnetizable web is shown generally at 10 and includes a substrate or support member 12 upon which a magnetic layer 14 may be supported. A non-wetting surface 16 is disposed over the magnetic layer 14 to cover the magnetic layer. With this construction, the magnetic layer 14 is sandwiched between the support member 12 and the non-wetting surface 16.
A printing device 18 in the form of a magnetic writing head is provided for creating image areas 20 within the magnetic layer 14 by magnetizing discrete areas while the balance of the layer remains unmagnetized. As the writing head 18 is moved (by means not shown) across the web 10, relatively speaking, informa-tion is supplied to the magnetic layer 14 in the Eorm of the image areas 20. A~ter the image areas 20 are formed, magnetic inlc 22 is applied to the non-wetting surface 16 whereby the ink will adhere through magnetic attraction to portions of the surface 16 that correspond to the image areas 20 and will flow rom the balance oE the non-wetting surface. Following the inking of the imaged areas 20, a sheet of paper 23 or any other similar substance may be brought into contact with the non-wetting surface 16 to transfer the ink 22 from the surface to the sheet by means o~ ab-sorbtion thereby creatlng the copy. The latent image under the surface 16 may be developed repeatedly with ink 22 after each trans-fer to a sheet 23 in order to obtain additional copie5 until such tirne as the desired number oP copies is obtained. ~ter completing the prin~ing of the required number of copies, the inEormation or image areas 20 may be erased from the magnetic layer 14 by means well ~nown in the art.
. ~ . ' :
, I ' . ' , - :
:
7~3~
In FIG. 6, an example of a type of apparatus i8 shown that may be used with the web 10 to carry out the method of the instant invention, This apparatus includes a housing 25 that has a shaft 26 rotatably disposed therein. Means ~not shown) may be provided for selectively rotating the shaft.26. Mounted upon the shaft 26 for rotation therewith is a magnetic decorating wheel 28. Magnetic ink 22 is received.within the housinc~ 25, which housing serves as a sump, and the magnetic wheel 28 is partially submerged within the magnetic ink. In vertical alignment with the magnetic wheel 28 is a roller 30, therebeing an opening 3~ within the housing 25 inter-mediate the magnetic wheel 28 an~ roller 30. Tl1e wheel 28 and roller 30 are spaced from one another a small distance. The web 10 is trained about the roller 30 80 as to be conveyed intermedlate the roller and the magnetic wheel 28 at the location of the opening 32, The web 10 is oriented so that the non-wettable surface 16 is exposed to the wheel 28 and the support member 12 is in contact .
with the rollèr 30.~ As the magnetic wheel 28 is rotated in the .
direction shown by the arrow, a sufficient quantity of ink 22 will adhere to its surEace~due to magnetic attraction and wi}l contact or splash~the underside Oe the web 10 as is conqeyed by the roller 30.~ The~'distance between the~wheel 2'8 and roller 30 will be adj~us;ted so~that an appropriate thickness of ink 22 adheres to the non-wetting~surface 16~.: That:portion o~ the:web 10 that has image areas 20~w~ retaln the magnetic lnk 22 to ,the corresponding areas of the non-wetting surface 16 again through magnetic attraction and , the balance of the surace-16 wlll not retain the ink aS the same will Eiow off and be attracted to the magnetic wheel 28. ~s the .
i ~. ' . ' ~
L3~
.
web 10 is conveyed away from the opening 32 it may subsequently be engayed by a sheet whereby transfer of the ink 22 may take place~ , , The magnetic ink 22 useful in carrying out this invention may include either a dye or pigment that is combined with a magnetic material. This combination then ~ay be used to form a magnetic colloidal suspension such as a diluted ferro fluid which is a water-based system. An example of a magnetic material that may be combined with the dye or pigment is magnetite.' The substrate 12 may be any non-magnetic material that is abie to support the other layers. A material that may be used is polyethyleneterephthalate, which is commercially available under the trademark MYLAR from E I Dupont de Nemours & Co.
The magnetic layer 14 may be a material such as any of the 1cnown magnetic tapes, as for example, ALNICO 5 whioh i6 a commer-cially available combination of 8% Al, 14~ Ni, 24~ Co, 3% CU and 51~ Fe. The,non-wetting surface 16 may be either in the liquid or solid state! An example of a liquid surface that may be used in-cludes water when an oleoPhobic surface is required. When a hydro-phobic surface is required a liquid hydrocarbon may be used. An example of such a liquid hydrocarbon is Isopar G available from Exxon Corp. Many materials are availabl~ for use as a non-wetting sur~ace 16 in the solid state such as polyethyleneterephthalate~
polytetraEluoroethylene, and polyesterO
Writing heads 18 are commercially available for the purpose .
intended as ,for,example,,magneti,c head type 12C 2~ available from Gem Electromagnetics CompanyO
. ~ ., _ . .
! _ S _ ',~ ~ ' ~ ' ' ' 1 ~ . .
. .` : : ' An alternate embodim~nt to the invention is disclosed in FI~s. 4 & 5 wherein the web 10 includes the substrate 12 and non-wetting surface 16 and a pair of layers 34 and 36 therebetween~ -The layer 34 adjacent to the substrate 12 is a low coercivity, high-permeability material such as any of the iron-nickel alloys.
Examples of commerciaily available materials that may be used as the low coercivity, high permeability layer 14 are alloy 2826 and alloy 2826 Ms, both available from Allied Chemical Co. Alloy 2826 is a composition of ~e40 Ni40 P14 B6 and alloy 2826 MB is a com-position of Fe40 Ni30 Mo4 B18. These are but two examples of a family of compositions that are referred to as M~TGLASS alloy by Allied Chemical Co. The layer 3h would be a high-coercivity material such ALNICO 5. By using such a web 10, oriented regions could be written which would either aid the magnetic fields, as indicated on the left in FIG. 5, or oppose the magnetic field as indicated on the right.
In carrying out this invention, the writing head 18 would be placed adjacent to the web 10 and moved relative thereto.
Appropriate input would be supplied to the writing head 18 so as to create the magnetic image areas required. As the writing head 18 moves relative to the web 10, the magnetic areas 20 are created in the magnetic layer 14 and the web is passed to a development station to be contacted by magnetic ink 22. The development station would apply ink 22 upon the non-wetting surface and the image areas of the magnetic layer 36 would attract the ink to the surface oE the non-wetting area to be retained thereon. ~s the web 10 is conveyed past the development station, it would be contacted by a sheet oE paper Eor transfer of the inking to take place.
:
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. ~ ~ ,: . . . . . ..
. " , . . ~ ;
- - ~
3~i An additional embodiment would involve the use of a thermo-magnetic approach to the formation of a latent image. The magnetic layer 26 may be prewritten in a suitable magnetic pattern such as alternating polarity dots or bars and then the latent image would be formed by the thermal bias of selected areas. Thermal biasing may be accomplished by locally raising the temperature of the high remanence material momentarily beyond its curie temperature. The areas not erased would form the latent image which could then be developed.
WI~T IS CLAIMED IS:
' ' :' .
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.
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. - . . - - : . . . . .
,, ,:
WI~T IS CLAIMED IS:
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. - . . - - : . . . . .
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Claims (7)
1. Apparatus for magnetic printing through the use of a liquid, magnetic ink, comprising:
an image forming member having a substrate that supports a magnetic layer and a non-wettable surface disposed over the magnetic layer, means for magnetizing said magnetic layer in selected areas, means for moving said magnetizing means relative to said image forming member, and means for applying a liquid, magnetic ink to the non-wettable surface.
an image forming member having a substrate that supports a magnetic layer and a non-wettable surface disposed over the magnetic layer, means for magnetizing said magnetic layer in selected areas, means for moving said magnetizing means relative to said image forming member, and means for applying a liquid, magnetic ink to the non-wettable surface.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said substrate is non-magnetic and said ink includes a plurality of magnetic particles having a dye or pigment attached to the sur-faces thereof, which particles are in suspension within a liquid vehicle.
3. In a method of magnetic printing, the steps comprising:
passing a magnetic writing head over a web composed of a substrate, a magnetic layer supported by the sub-strate and a non-wettable layer over the magnetic layer so as to selectively create a magnetic image in the magnetic layer, conveying the web past a development station having a bath of liquid magnetic ink, transferring ink to the web from said bath, and engaging the web with a sheet of paper to transfer to ink from the web to the paper.
passing a magnetic writing head over a web composed of a substrate, a magnetic layer supported by the sub-strate and a non-wettable layer over the magnetic layer so as to selectively create a magnetic image in the magnetic layer, conveying the web past a development station having a bath of liquid magnetic ink, transferring ink to the web from said bath, and engaging the web with a sheet of paper to transfer to ink from the web to the paper.
4. In a method of producing a copy, the steps comprising providing a source of ink, disposing a magnetic roller within the source of ink, rotating the magnetic roller, passing a web over the magnetic roller, which web has a non-wetting surface that is contacted by the roller and a magnetic surface adjacent to the non-wetting surface, and engaging the web with a sheet of paper after it is conveyed past said magnetic roller.
5. A web for use in non-impact, magnetic ink printing com-prising a substrate, a magnetizeable layer supported by said substrate and a non-wettable surface disposed upon the magnetizeable layer.
6. The web of claim 5 wherein said non-wettable surface is either liquid or solid.
7. A web for use in non-impact, magnetic ink printing com-prising:
a substrate, a low coercivity, high permeability layer supported by said substrate, a layer of high coercivity, high remanence, magnetic material disposed upon said low coercivity, high perme-ability material, and a non-wettable layer disposed upon said magnetic layer.
a substrate, a low coercivity, high permeability layer supported by said substrate, a layer of high coercivity, high remanence, magnetic material disposed upon said low coercivity, high perme-ability material, and a non-wettable layer disposed upon said magnetic layer.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US95932178A | 1978-11-09 | 1978-11-09 | |
| US959,321 | 1978-11-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1107135A true CA1107135A (en) | 1981-08-18 |
Family
ID=25501915
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA335,434A Expired CA1107135A (en) | 1978-11-09 | 1979-09-11 | Method and apparatus for magnetic printing |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1107135A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2035212B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2554626A1 (en) * | 1983-11-08 | 1985-05-10 | Oreshkin Valery | Method of obtaining a matrix for copying a magnetic recording, matrix obtained by the said method, method of copying a magnetic recording by means of this matrix, and magnetic recording medium carrying the recording obtained by the said copying method |
-
1979
- 1979-09-11 CA CA335,434A patent/CA1107135A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-11-08 GB GB7938651A patent/GB2035212B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2035212A (en) | 1980-06-18 |
| GB2035212B (en) | 1983-01-19 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |