CA1103177A - Culture medium for cultivation of fodder yeasts - Google Patents
Culture medium for cultivation of fodder yeastsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1103177A CA1103177A CA286,426A CA286426A CA1103177A CA 1103177 A CA1103177 A CA 1103177A CA 286426 A CA286426 A CA 286426A CA 1103177 A CA1103177 A CA 1103177A
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- hydrolysate
- peat
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- source
- culture medium
- Prior art date
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Abstract
CULTURE LEDIUM FOR CULTIVATING OF FODDER YEASTS
Abstract of the Disclosure A cultural medium to be used for cultivation of fodder yeasts and containing the following components, in % by weight:
hydrolysate of vegerable matter 48-97 peat hydrolysate 0.1-50 source of nitrogen, in terms of nitrogen 0.02-0.08 source of phosphorus, in terms of P205 0.03-0.12 source of patassium, in terms of patassium 0.016-0.064 water the balance Hydrolysate of peat and vegetable matter have pH from 4.0 to 4.4.
The cultural medium of the above composition contain-ing peat hydrolysate improves the yield of the biomass of fodder yeasts up to 70%, in terms of reducing substan-ces.
Abstract of the Disclosure A cultural medium to be used for cultivation of fodder yeasts and containing the following components, in % by weight:
hydrolysate of vegerable matter 48-97 peat hydrolysate 0.1-50 source of nitrogen, in terms of nitrogen 0.02-0.08 source of phosphorus, in terms of P205 0.03-0.12 source of patassium, in terms of patassium 0.016-0.064 water the balance Hydrolysate of peat and vegetable matter have pH from 4.0 to 4.4.
The cultural medium of the above composition contain-ing peat hydrolysate improves the yield of the biomass of fodder yeasts up to 70%, in terms of reducing substan-ces.
Description
J 3~', 7 The present invention relates to the microbiologicalindustry, and more particularly to culture medium for cultivation of fodder yeasts.
Fodder yeasts are of great importance for the diet of animals and birds as a vitamin-protein additive to low-protein basic fodder. In addition, yeasts contain micro- and macroelements required for the metabolism processes. Yeasts are very valuable insofar as the indispensable amino acids.
There is known a culture medium for cultivation of ;
fodder yeasts, including a carbon source, namely, hydrolysate of vegetable matter with pH 4.0 - 4.4 and containing 1.25 - 1.75%
by weight of dry substance, 1 - 1.5~ by weight of reducing substances (RS), a nitrogen source, a phosphorus source and a potassium sourcewith the following proportions of the components, in ~ by weight~
hydrolysate of vegetable matter 98 ammonia water or ammonium sulphate, in terms of nitrogen ~ 0.02 - 0.03 ammonium blphosphate or super-phosphate, in terms of P2O5 0.03 - 0.45 potassium chloride or sulphate, in terms of potassium 0.016- 0.024 water the balance (cf. Soviet Journal "Gidroliznaja Lesokhimicheskaja Promyshlennost", No. 3, 1973, p. 1).
The term "hydrolysate of vegetable matter" as used here and hereafter, denotes a product of hydrolysis of ligneous wastes (sunflower seed husks, maize stumps, straw), which is obtained at hydrolysis plants by treating the above-mentioned ; 30 materials with diluted sulphuric acid at 120 - 130C under a pressure. The hydrolysate is neutralized to pH = 4 - 4.2 and used as the basic component of a culture medium for cultivation ,~ .
~3~`77 of fodder yeasts.
The yield of the biomass of fodder yeasts with the culture medium of the above composition usually is not higher than 45% by weight of the content of reducing substances (RS).
This is due to low biological quality of hydrolysates of vegetable matter and insufficient content of physiologically active substances therein.
Also known in the art is a culture medium for culti-vation of fodder yeasts, containing hydrolysate of vegetable 10 matter, hydrolysate of keratln wastes which function as a growth stimulator, and sources of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
However, this culture medium gives only a slight increase in the yield of the biomass of yeast, by as low as 5 - 8~ by weight.
In addition, hydrolysate of keratin wastes contained in the culture medium is hardlv available, since the range of stock materials for obtaining keratin is very limited. Collection and transportation of keratin products to hydrolysis plants is a very difficult job.
It is an object of the invention to improve the 20 yield of the biomass of fodder yeasts when cultivating the letter.
The above object is accomplished by the provision of a culture medium for cultivation of fodder yeasts, containing hydrolysate of vegetable matter with pH = 4.0 - 4.4, sources of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which, according to the invention also contains peat hydrolysate with pH = 4.0 - 4.4, with the following proportions of the components, in % by weight:
hydrolysate of vegetable matter 48 - 97 peat hydrolysate 0.5 - 50 source of nitrogen, in terms of nitrogen 0.02 - 0.08 source of phosphorus, in terms of P2O5 0.03 - 0.12 ~! -3-~" ~ , 1~ 3iL~7 source of potassium, in terms of potassium 0.016 - 0.064 water the balance.
The source of nitrogen may comprise an aqueous solution of ammonia or ammonium sulphate.
The source of phosphorus may ccmprise ammonium phosphate or calcium superphosphate.
The source of potassium may comprise potassium sulphate of chloride.
The culture medium having the above composition enables an improvement in the yield of the biomass of yeasts up to 70%
by weight, in terms of the reducing substances contained therein.
Hydrolysate of vegetable matter in the composition of the culture medium is obtained by using conventional methods, that is, by hydrolysis of wastes of vegetable products with diluted sulphuric acid. The hydrolysate is neutralized to pH =
4.0 - 4.4 and used as the basic component. The hydrolysate of vegetable matter may contain up to 5% by weight of dry substances and up to 4~ by weight of reducing substances.
The term "peat hydrolysate" is used here and hereafter to denote a product of hydrolysis of peat, obtained by treating peat with a small amount of concentrated sulphuric acid (about 18% in terms of dry weight of peat). The hydrolysis is conducted until oligosaccharides are obtained. Then the hydrolysate is diluted with water to the acid content of about 5~ and heated at 110 - 120C under a pressure. Under these conditions, oligosaccharides are converted into monosugars. Hydrolysate of peat containing monosuqars is neutralized to pH = 4.0 - 4.4, separated from the precipitate and used as a stimulator in the culture medium for accumulating the biomass of yeasts during cultivation thereof.
For obtaining peat hydrolysate, yonger peat should be used, that is upper, slightly decomposed layers of peat.
Such peat contains much polysaccharides which are converted, during hydrolysis, into monosugars functioning as a carbon source for microorganisms. Therefore, the addition of peat hydrolysate to the culture medium improves its nutritive value and strongly inEluences the process of cultivation of micro-organisms, in ultimately resulting in an improved yield of the biomass.
As stated above, the amount of peat hydrolysate should be within the range of from 0.1 to 50%. The addition of more than 50% of peat hydrolysate does not result in improved y~eld of the biomass of yeasts, so that it is inexpedient to add more than 50% of the hydrolysate.
Peat hydrolysate may also be used in the form of a concentrate For that purpose, peat hydrolysate is concentrated by evaporation to the content of dry substances up to 30 - 60%
by weight. This concentrated peat hydrolysate may be added to the culture medium in an amount of 0.1 - 5% b.y weight, and this will suffice to attain the desirable result, that is, to improve the yield of the biomass. The use of peat hydrolysate in the concentrated form largely facilitates storage and transportation. Therefore, it is preferable to employ the composition of a culture medium for cultivation of yeasts, in which peat hydrolysate is used in the form of concentrates, with the proportion of the components being as follows, in %
by weight:
hydrolysate of vegetable matter 90 - 97 peat hydrolysate 0.1 - 5 source of nitrogen, in terms of nitrogen 0.02 - 0.08 source of phosphorus, in terms of P2O5 0.03 - 0.12 ~. ~ .
~1~ 31t77 source of potassium, in terms of potassium 0.016 - 0.065 water the balance.
Addition of peat hydrolysate to the culture medium improves the nutritive value of the culture medium, thus favourably affecting the growth and development of micro-organisms. This can be explained by that microorganisms can better and more actively assimilate sources of carbon which they scarcely assimilated hereafter, due to the presence of substances contained in the peat hydrolysate.
Yeasts and cultivated in accordance with conventional techniques adopted in the microbiological industry, that is, continuously and under aeration.
The invention will be better understood from the description of the following examples. Contents are given in % by weight.
Example 1 1.2 g of MH4H2PO and 0~8 g of KCl were added to 1 1 of hydrolysate of ligneous wastes containing 2.7% of RS obtained underindustrialconditions, neutralized with ammonia water and milk of lime to pH = 4.2 and filtered off from the resultant precipitate.
Introduced into the resultant solution was 0.08 1 of peat hydrolysate containin~ 3% of RS neutralized with ammonia water and milk of lime to pH = 4.2 and separated by filtering off from non-hydrolysed residue and gypsum.
Cultivation of fodder yeasts Candida tropicalis in the resultant culture medium was conducted continuously at 35 - 37C and with pH = 4.2 - 4.4, the pH being adjusted withln the above-mentioned limits by using ammonia water.
The resultant biomass was separated from liquor by filtering and dried. The yield of the yeasts was 59.7%, in terms of the , ! ~ 6 ., : ' '~.`,':
13~31~7 total amount of RS.
Example 2 5 g of concentrate of peat hydrolysate obtained by evaporation concentration containing 40.8% of dry substance, 1.2 g of NH4H2PO4 and 0.8 g of KCl were added to 1 1 of hydrolysate of ligneous wastes as in Example 1.
Fodder yeasts Candida tropicalis were cultivated in the resultant cultllre medium continuously at 35 - 37C with pH = r 4.2 - 4.4, the pH being adjusted within the above-mentioned limits with ammonia water. The resultant biomass was separated from liquor by filtering and dried. The yield of the yeasts was 60%, in terms of the total amount of RS.
Peat hydrolysate was obtained by mechanical and chemical treatment of yonger peat with a moisture content of .. . .
up to 25% using an auger hydrolyzer in the presence of 92%
sulphuric acid used in an amount of 18% by weight of dry peat.
The resultant peat hydrolysate was allowed to stay at 120C
for 20 minutes and neutralized with ammonia water to Ph = 4.2.
This peat hydrolysate was used as a stimulator of the culture medium.
- Chemical compositions of peat hydrolysate and hydroly-sate of vegetable matter are given in Table 1.
.
Content of Contents of substances substances in Substances in hydrolysae peat hydroly-te of vegeta- sate with ble matter pH = 4.2, with pH = 4.2, % by weight % bv weight .~
Reducing substances (RS) 2.580 3.790 Humic substances 0.620 1.600 Uronic acias 0.040 0-400 Volatile acids 0.023 0.060 X
i~:
.
. . . ... . .
1~3~L'7'7 Non-volatile or~anic acids - 0.210 Nitrogen-containing substan~
ces, in terms of nitrogen 0.025 0.076 Mineral nltrogen - 0.019 0.020 Phosphorus-containing substances, in terms of P2O5 0.025 0.048 Iron traces 0.152 As can be seen from Table 1, the content of humic substances in peat hydrolysate is greater than in hydrolysate of vegetable matter. Peat hydrolysate also contains more nitro-gen-containing substances (physiologically active substances) than hydrolysate or vegetable matter. Thus, peat hydrolysate improves the nutritive value of the culture medium used for cultivation of microorganisms, thereby ultimately improving the yield of the biomass.
The influence of peat hydrolysate on the yield of the biomass of fodder yeasts is shown in Table 2.
.
Content of peat Content of RS Yield of Content of hydrolysate in in culture biomass, total protein culture medium, medium, in terms in biomass of ; % by weight % by weightof RS, ~ yeasts, by weight % by weight 0.0 2.58 45.5 48.2
Fodder yeasts are of great importance for the diet of animals and birds as a vitamin-protein additive to low-protein basic fodder. In addition, yeasts contain micro- and macroelements required for the metabolism processes. Yeasts are very valuable insofar as the indispensable amino acids.
There is known a culture medium for cultivation of ;
fodder yeasts, including a carbon source, namely, hydrolysate of vegetable matter with pH 4.0 - 4.4 and containing 1.25 - 1.75%
by weight of dry substance, 1 - 1.5~ by weight of reducing substances (RS), a nitrogen source, a phosphorus source and a potassium sourcewith the following proportions of the components, in ~ by weight~
hydrolysate of vegetable matter 98 ammonia water or ammonium sulphate, in terms of nitrogen ~ 0.02 - 0.03 ammonium blphosphate or super-phosphate, in terms of P2O5 0.03 - 0.45 potassium chloride or sulphate, in terms of potassium 0.016- 0.024 water the balance (cf. Soviet Journal "Gidroliznaja Lesokhimicheskaja Promyshlennost", No. 3, 1973, p. 1).
The term "hydrolysate of vegetable matter" as used here and hereafter, denotes a product of hydrolysis of ligneous wastes (sunflower seed husks, maize stumps, straw), which is obtained at hydrolysis plants by treating the above-mentioned ; 30 materials with diluted sulphuric acid at 120 - 130C under a pressure. The hydrolysate is neutralized to pH = 4 - 4.2 and used as the basic component of a culture medium for cultivation ,~ .
~3~`77 of fodder yeasts.
The yield of the biomass of fodder yeasts with the culture medium of the above composition usually is not higher than 45% by weight of the content of reducing substances (RS).
This is due to low biological quality of hydrolysates of vegetable matter and insufficient content of physiologically active substances therein.
Also known in the art is a culture medium for culti-vation of fodder yeasts, containing hydrolysate of vegetable 10 matter, hydrolysate of keratln wastes which function as a growth stimulator, and sources of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
However, this culture medium gives only a slight increase in the yield of the biomass of yeast, by as low as 5 - 8~ by weight.
In addition, hydrolysate of keratin wastes contained in the culture medium is hardlv available, since the range of stock materials for obtaining keratin is very limited. Collection and transportation of keratin products to hydrolysis plants is a very difficult job.
It is an object of the invention to improve the 20 yield of the biomass of fodder yeasts when cultivating the letter.
The above object is accomplished by the provision of a culture medium for cultivation of fodder yeasts, containing hydrolysate of vegetable matter with pH = 4.0 - 4.4, sources of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which, according to the invention also contains peat hydrolysate with pH = 4.0 - 4.4, with the following proportions of the components, in % by weight:
hydrolysate of vegetable matter 48 - 97 peat hydrolysate 0.5 - 50 source of nitrogen, in terms of nitrogen 0.02 - 0.08 source of phosphorus, in terms of P2O5 0.03 - 0.12 ~! -3-~" ~ , 1~ 3iL~7 source of potassium, in terms of potassium 0.016 - 0.064 water the balance.
The source of nitrogen may comprise an aqueous solution of ammonia or ammonium sulphate.
The source of phosphorus may ccmprise ammonium phosphate or calcium superphosphate.
The source of potassium may comprise potassium sulphate of chloride.
The culture medium having the above composition enables an improvement in the yield of the biomass of yeasts up to 70%
by weight, in terms of the reducing substances contained therein.
Hydrolysate of vegetable matter in the composition of the culture medium is obtained by using conventional methods, that is, by hydrolysis of wastes of vegetable products with diluted sulphuric acid. The hydrolysate is neutralized to pH =
4.0 - 4.4 and used as the basic component. The hydrolysate of vegetable matter may contain up to 5% by weight of dry substances and up to 4~ by weight of reducing substances.
The term "peat hydrolysate" is used here and hereafter to denote a product of hydrolysis of peat, obtained by treating peat with a small amount of concentrated sulphuric acid (about 18% in terms of dry weight of peat). The hydrolysis is conducted until oligosaccharides are obtained. Then the hydrolysate is diluted with water to the acid content of about 5~ and heated at 110 - 120C under a pressure. Under these conditions, oligosaccharides are converted into monosugars. Hydrolysate of peat containing monosuqars is neutralized to pH = 4.0 - 4.4, separated from the precipitate and used as a stimulator in the culture medium for accumulating the biomass of yeasts during cultivation thereof.
For obtaining peat hydrolysate, yonger peat should be used, that is upper, slightly decomposed layers of peat.
Such peat contains much polysaccharides which are converted, during hydrolysis, into monosugars functioning as a carbon source for microorganisms. Therefore, the addition of peat hydrolysate to the culture medium improves its nutritive value and strongly inEluences the process of cultivation of micro-organisms, in ultimately resulting in an improved yield of the biomass.
As stated above, the amount of peat hydrolysate should be within the range of from 0.1 to 50%. The addition of more than 50% of peat hydrolysate does not result in improved y~eld of the biomass of yeasts, so that it is inexpedient to add more than 50% of the hydrolysate.
Peat hydrolysate may also be used in the form of a concentrate For that purpose, peat hydrolysate is concentrated by evaporation to the content of dry substances up to 30 - 60%
by weight. This concentrated peat hydrolysate may be added to the culture medium in an amount of 0.1 - 5% b.y weight, and this will suffice to attain the desirable result, that is, to improve the yield of the biomass. The use of peat hydrolysate in the concentrated form largely facilitates storage and transportation. Therefore, it is preferable to employ the composition of a culture medium for cultivation of yeasts, in which peat hydrolysate is used in the form of concentrates, with the proportion of the components being as follows, in %
by weight:
hydrolysate of vegetable matter 90 - 97 peat hydrolysate 0.1 - 5 source of nitrogen, in terms of nitrogen 0.02 - 0.08 source of phosphorus, in terms of P2O5 0.03 - 0.12 ~. ~ .
~1~ 31t77 source of potassium, in terms of potassium 0.016 - 0.065 water the balance.
Addition of peat hydrolysate to the culture medium improves the nutritive value of the culture medium, thus favourably affecting the growth and development of micro-organisms. This can be explained by that microorganisms can better and more actively assimilate sources of carbon which they scarcely assimilated hereafter, due to the presence of substances contained in the peat hydrolysate.
Yeasts and cultivated in accordance with conventional techniques adopted in the microbiological industry, that is, continuously and under aeration.
The invention will be better understood from the description of the following examples. Contents are given in % by weight.
Example 1 1.2 g of MH4H2PO and 0~8 g of KCl were added to 1 1 of hydrolysate of ligneous wastes containing 2.7% of RS obtained underindustrialconditions, neutralized with ammonia water and milk of lime to pH = 4.2 and filtered off from the resultant precipitate.
Introduced into the resultant solution was 0.08 1 of peat hydrolysate containin~ 3% of RS neutralized with ammonia water and milk of lime to pH = 4.2 and separated by filtering off from non-hydrolysed residue and gypsum.
Cultivation of fodder yeasts Candida tropicalis in the resultant culture medium was conducted continuously at 35 - 37C and with pH = 4.2 - 4.4, the pH being adjusted withln the above-mentioned limits by using ammonia water.
The resultant biomass was separated from liquor by filtering and dried. The yield of the yeasts was 59.7%, in terms of the , ! ~ 6 ., : ' '~.`,':
13~31~7 total amount of RS.
Example 2 5 g of concentrate of peat hydrolysate obtained by evaporation concentration containing 40.8% of dry substance, 1.2 g of NH4H2PO4 and 0.8 g of KCl were added to 1 1 of hydrolysate of ligneous wastes as in Example 1.
Fodder yeasts Candida tropicalis were cultivated in the resultant cultllre medium continuously at 35 - 37C with pH = r 4.2 - 4.4, the pH being adjusted within the above-mentioned limits with ammonia water. The resultant biomass was separated from liquor by filtering and dried. The yield of the yeasts was 60%, in terms of the total amount of RS.
Peat hydrolysate was obtained by mechanical and chemical treatment of yonger peat with a moisture content of .. . .
up to 25% using an auger hydrolyzer in the presence of 92%
sulphuric acid used in an amount of 18% by weight of dry peat.
The resultant peat hydrolysate was allowed to stay at 120C
for 20 minutes and neutralized with ammonia water to Ph = 4.2.
This peat hydrolysate was used as a stimulator of the culture medium.
- Chemical compositions of peat hydrolysate and hydroly-sate of vegetable matter are given in Table 1.
.
Content of Contents of substances substances in Substances in hydrolysae peat hydroly-te of vegeta- sate with ble matter pH = 4.2, with pH = 4.2, % by weight % bv weight .~
Reducing substances (RS) 2.580 3.790 Humic substances 0.620 1.600 Uronic acias 0.040 0-400 Volatile acids 0.023 0.060 X
i~:
.
. . . ... . .
1~3~L'7'7 Non-volatile or~anic acids - 0.210 Nitrogen-containing substan~
ces, in terms of nitrogen 0.025 0.076 Mineral nltrogen - 0.019 0.020 Phosphorus-containing substances, in terms of P2O5 0.025 0.048 Iron traces 0.152 As can be seen from Table 1, the content of humic substances in peat hydrolysate is greater than in hydrolysate of vegetable matter. Peat hydrolysate also contains more nitro-gen-containing substances (physiologically active substances) than hydrolysate or vegetable matter. Thus, peat hydrolysate improves the nutritive value of the culture medium used for cultivation of microorganisms, thereby ultimately improving the yield of the biomass.
The influence of peat hydrolysate on the yield of the biomass of fodder yeasts is shown in Table 2.
.
Content of peat Content of RS Yield of Content of hydrolysate in in culture biomass, total protein culture medium, medium, in terms in biomass of ; % by weight % by weightof RS, ~ yeasts, by weight % by weight 0.0 2.58 45.5 48.2
2,0 2.84 57.6 53.13 9.0 2.57 59.2 49.0 20.0 2.97 60.0 49.0 50.0 2.97 70.0 50.0 .
30As can be seen from Table 2, culture medium containing peat hydrolysate impr~ves the yield of the biomass of fodder yeats in terms of reducing substances (RS) by as much as 27 to 31%, :: ; .
.,, :,: ~-
30As can be seen from Table 2, culture medium containing peat hydrolysate impr~ves the yield of the biomass of fodder yeats in terms of reducing substances (RS) by as much as 27 to 31%, :: ; .
.,, :,: ~-
3~
depending on the amount of peat hydrolysate. The content of protein in the biomass of yeasts was increased by 2 to 10%, as compared with the yeasts obtained in a culture medium without peat hydrolysate.
~, - ~
. . ~ .
.
depending on the amount of peat hydrolysate. The content of protein in the biomass of yeasts was increased by 2 to 10%, as compared with the yeasts obtained in a culture medium without peat hydrolysate.
~, - ~
. . ~ .
.
Claims (2)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A culture medium for cultivation of fodder yeasts, containing the following components, in % by weight:
hydrolysate of vegetable matter with pH = 4.0 - 4.4 48 - 97 peat hydrolysate with pH = 4.0 -4.4 0.1 - 50 source of nitrogen, in terms of nitrogen 0.02 - 0.08 source of phosphorus, in terms of P2O5 0.03 - 0.12 source of potassium, in terms of potassium 0.016 - 0.064 water the balance.
hydrolysate of vegetable matter with pH = 4.0 - 4.4 48 - 97 peat hydrolysate with pH = 4.0 -4.4 0.1 - 50 source of nitrogen, in terms of nitrogen 0.02 - 0.08 source of phosphorus, in terms of P2O5 0.03 - 0.12 source of potassium, in terms of potassium 0.016 - 0.064 water the balance.
2. A culture medium as claimed in claim l, containing peat hydrolysate in the form of a concentrate containing 30 to 60% by weight of dry substance, with the following proportions of components in % by weight:
hydrolysate of vegetable matter with pH = 4.0 - 4.4 90 - 97 peat hydrolysate with pH = 4.0 - 4.4 0.1 - 5 source of nitrogen, in terms of nitrogen 0.02 - 0.08 source of phosphorus, in terms of P2O5 0.03 - 0.12 source of potassium, potassium 0.016 - 0.064 water the balance.
hydrolysate of vegetable matter with pH = 4.0 - 4.4 90 - 97 peat hydrolysate with pH = 4.0 - 4.4 0.1 - 5 source of nitrogen, in terms of nitrogen 0.02 - 0.08 source of phosphorus, in terms of P2O5 0.03 - 0.12 source of potassium, potassium 0.016 - 0.064 water the balance.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA286,426A CA1103177A (en) | 1977-09-09 | 1977-09-09 | Culture medium for cultivation of fodder yeasts |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA286,426A CA1103177A (en) | 1977-09-09 | 1977-09-09 | Culture medium for cultivation of fodder yeasts |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1103177A true CA1103177A (en) | 1981-06-16 |
Family
ID=4109498
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA286,426A Expired CA1103177A (en) | 1977-09-09 | 1977-09-09 | Culture medium for cultivation of fodder yeasts |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1103177A (en) |
-
1977
- 1977-09-09 CA CA286,426A patent/CA1103177A/en not_active Expired
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