CA1093438A - Method of treating aluminum-killed and low alloy steel strip surfaces in a sulfur-bearing atmosphere - Google Patents
Method of treating aluminum-killed and low alloy steel strip surfaces in a sulfur-bearing atmosphereInfo
- Publication number
- CA1093438A CA1093438A CA293,793A CA293793A CA1093438A CA 1093438 A CA1093438 A CA 1093438A CA 293793 A CA293793 A CA 293793A CA 1093438 A CA1093438 A CA 1093438A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- sulfur
- steel
- temperature
- atmosphere
- aluminum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910000655 Killed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000648 terne Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CFERHFITKHKBEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;sulfur monoxide Chemical compound O=S=[Fe] CFERHFITKHKBEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910001327 Rimmed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013101 initial test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSPISYXLHRIGJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N OOOO Chemical compound OOOO RSPISYXLHRIGJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MOMWFXLCFJOAFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N OOOOOOOO Chemical compound OOOOOOOO MOMWFXLCFJOAFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWOLLWQJKQOEOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N OOOOOOOOOOOOO Chemical compound OOOOOOOOOOOOO JWOLLWQJKQOEOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000007253 Trigonella corniculata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000004336 Trigonella corniculata Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940099990 ogen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005486 sulfidation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003463 sulfur Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
- C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
- C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
- C21D9/561—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with a controlled atmosphere or vacuum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/003—Apparatus
- C23C2/0038—Apparatus characterised by the pre-treatment chambers located immediately upstream of the bath or occurring locally before the dipping process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/003—Apparatus
- C23C2/0038—Apparatus characterised by the pre-treatment chambers located immediately upstream of the bath or occurring locally before the dipping process
- C23C2/004—Snouts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
- C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
- C23C2/0222—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating in a reactive atmosphere, e.g. oxidising or reducing atmosphere
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
- C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
- C23C2/0224—Two or more thermal pretreatments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
- C23C2/36—Elongated material
- C23C2/38—Wires; Tubes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US753,634 | 1976-12-23 | ||
| US05/753,634 US4140552A (en) | 1976-12-23 | 1976-12-23 | Method of treating aluminum-killed and low alloy steel strip and sheet surfaces, in sulfur-bearing atmosphere, for metallic coating |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1093438A true CA1093438A (en) | 1981-01-13 |
Family
ID=25031496
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA293,793A Expired CA1093438A (en) | 1976-12-23 | 1977-12-22 | Method of treating aluminum-killed and low alloy steel strip surfaces in a sulfur-bearing atmosphere |
Country Status (7)
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4330574A (en) * | 1979-04-16 | 1982-05-18 | Armco Inc. | Finishing method for conventional hot dip coating of a ferrous base metal strip with a molten coating metal |
| US4287009A (en) * | 1979-11-08 | 1981-09-01 | Bethlehem Steel Corporation | Method of producing an aluminum-zinc alloy coated ferrous product to improve corrosion resistance |
| US4287008A (en) * | 1979-11-08 | 1981-09-01 | Bethlehem Steel Corporation | Method of improving the ductility of the coating of an aluminum-zinc alloy coated ferrous product |
| AU518681B2 (en) | 1979-12-05 | 1981-10-15 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Continuously annealing a cold-rolled low carbon steel strip |
| US4462533A (en) * | 1982-06-24 | 1984-07-31 | Bethlehem Steel Corp. | Method of reconditioning welded joints |
| FR2664617B1 (fr) * | 1990-07-16 | 1993-08-06 | Lorraine Laminage | Procede de revetement d'aluminium par trempe a chaud d'une bande d'acier et bande d'acier obtenue par ce procede. |
| CN106546054B (zh) * | 2016-12-09 | 2022-07-26 | 海尔智家股份有限公司 | 冷藏冷冻装置 |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1141770A (en) * | 1914-01-02 | 1915-06-01 | John E Carnahan | Method of bluing steel or iron sheets. |
| US1672180A (en) * | 1926-03-17 | 1928-06-05 | Expanded Metal | Treatment of metal surfaces |
| US2110893A (en) * | 1935-07-16 | 1938-03-15 | American Rolling Mill Co | Process for coating metallic objects with layers of other metals |
| FR845086A (fr) * | 1938-02-18 | 1939-08-10 | Procédé et dispositif pour le traitement thermique des objets métalliques | |
| US2562770A (en) * | 1946-03-23 | 1951-07-31 | Electro Mechanical Res Inc | Thermal receiver and method for producing same |
| GB701685A (en) * | 1952-04-04 | 1953-12-30 | William Warren Triggs | Improvements in or relating to methods of improving iron or steel surfaces |
| US3115421A (en) * | 1961-01-24 | 1963-12-24 | American Chain & Cable Co | Hot dip coating |
| US3925579A (en) * | 1974-05-24 | 1975-12-09 | Armco Steel Corp | Method of coating low alloy steels |
| US3936543A (en) * | 1974-08-22 | 1976-02-03 | Armco Steel Corporation | Method of coating carbon steel |
| JPS52155001A (en) * | 1976-06-18 | 1977-12-23 | Nec Corp | Time division switching system |
-
1976
- 1976-12-23 US US05/753,634 patent/US4140552A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1977
- 1977-12-19 IN IN481/DEL/77A patent/IN148727B/en unknown
- 1977-12-19 AU AU31740/77A patent/AU510248B2/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-22 JP JP15500277A patent/JPS53102234A/ja active Granted
- 1977-12-22 CA CA293,793A patent/CA1093438A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-22 BR BR7708573A patent/BR7708573A/pt unknown
- 1977-12-22 FR FR7738889A patent/FR2375335A1/fr active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR7708573A (pt) | 1978-09-05 |
| FR2375335B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1980-02-08 |
| AU3174077A (en) | 1979-06-28 |
| JPS53102234A (en) | 1978-09-06 |
| US4140552A (en) | 1979-02-20 |
| JPS5649990B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1981-11-26 |
| AU510248B2 (en) | 1980-06-19 |
| FR2375335A1 (fr) | 1978-07-21 |
| IN148727B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1981-05-23 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |