CA1076306A - Process for reducing the requirement of fresh chemicals without increasing emissions in the pulping of cellulose material with alkaline sodium- and sulfur-containing sulfate pulping liquor - Google Patents
Process for reducing the requirement of fresh chemicals without increasing emissions in the pulping of cellulose material with alkaline sodium- and sulfur-containing sulfate pulping liquorInfo
- Publication number
- CA1076306A CA1076306A CA255,107A CA255107A CA1076306A CA 1076306 A CA1076306 A CA 1076306A CA 255107 A CA255107 A CA 255107A CA 1076306 A CA1076306 A CA 1076306A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- liquor
- sulfur
- pulping
- sodium
- white
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000003265 pulping liquor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 title claims description 5
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 title claims description 5
- BNOODXBBXFZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[S] Chemical compound [Na].[S] BNOODXBBXFZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 3
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- MMKVEBPNIHXDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [S-2].[Na+].C(O)(O)=O.[Na+] Chemical compound [S-2].[Na+].C(O)(O)=O.[Na+] MMKVEBPNIHXDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 sodium sulfide-sodium hydroxide Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurothioic S-acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=S DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 abstract description 30
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 abstract description 30
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 30
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 24
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000001508 sulfur Nutrition 0.000 description 79
- 229960005349 sulfur Drugs 0.000 description 79
- 235000010269 sulphur dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 35
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 22
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 18
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 11
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229940080281 sodium chlorate Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 10
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229940032330 sulfuric acid Drugs 0.000 description 6
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 5
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009993 causticizing Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229940079101 sodium sulfide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004133 Sodium thiosulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000905957 Channa melasoma Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000543381 Cliftonia monophylla Species 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007832 Na2SO4 Substances 0.000 description 1
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001804 chlorine Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012717 electrostatic precipitator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003340 mental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001917 perchloryl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium chlorate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium polysulfide Chemical compound [Na+].S HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RBWSWDPRDBEWCR-RKJRWTFHSA-N sodium;(2r)-2-[(2r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxo-2h-furan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethanolate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O RBWSWDPRDBEWCR-RKJRWTFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003463 sulfur Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004291 sulphur dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C11/00—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters
- D21C11/04—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters of alkali lye
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE7506965A SE391357B (sv) | 1975-06-17 | 1975-06-17 | Forfarande for minskning av behovet av ferska kemikalier vid uppslutning av cellulosahaltigt material med natrium- och svavelhaltiga losningar |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1076306A true CA1076306A (en) | 1980-04-29 |
Family
ID=20324897
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA255,107A Expired CA1076306A (en) | 1975-06-17 | 1976-06-17 | Process for reducing the requirement of fresh chemicals without increasing emissions in the pulping of cellulose material with alkaline sodium- and sulfur-containing sulfate pulping liquor |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5215602A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| BR (1) | BR7603905A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CA (1) | CA1076306A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FI (1) | FI57796C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR2314965A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| NO (1) | NO762084L (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| NZ (1) | NZ181025A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| SE (1) | SE391357B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE411772B (sv) * | 1978-04-07 | 1980-02-04 | Sca Development Ab | Sett for minskning av utsleppen till recipient och atmosfer vid uppslutning av cellulosahaltigt material |
| JPS5611990A (en) * | 1979-07-03 | 1981-02-05 | Tomoyasu Noritake | Combustion improver for fuel in internal combustion engine |
| CA1224628A (en) * | 1982-12-09 | 1987-07-28 | Union Carbide Corporation | Diesel fuels |
| JPS59202293A (ja) * | 1983-04-28 | 1984-11-16 | Nippon Synthetic Chem Ind Co Ltd:The | 燃料組成物の製造方法 |
| JPS6330593A (ja) * | 1986-07-24 | 1988-02-09 | Kotobuki Senpaku Shoji:Kk | 燃油改質方法 |
| JP4230612B2 (ja) * | 1999-05-28 | 2009-02-25 | 日本製紙株式会社 | クラフト法パルプ製造プロセスにおける薬品回収方法 |
| FI130066B (en) * | 2019-02-13 | 2023-01-31 | Andritz Oy | A method for replacing sodium losses in a pulp mill and a method for producing bleached cellulose pulp |
-
1975
- 1975-06-17 SE SE7506965A patent/SE391357B/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1976
- 1976-05-28 JP JP51062872A patent/JPS5215602A/ja active Granted
- 1976-05-28 FI FI761523A patent/FI57796C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-06-01 NZ NZ181025A patent/NZ181025A/xx unknown
- 1976-06-11 FR FR7617861A patent/FR2314965A1/fr active Granted
- 1976-06-16 BR BR7603905A patent/BR7603905A/pt unknown
- 1976-06-16 NO NO762084A patent/NO762084L/no unknown
- 1976-06-17 CA CA255,107A patent/CA1076306A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5325042B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1978-07-25 |
| FR2314965A1 (fr) | 1977-01-14 |
| FI761523A7 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1976-12-18 |
| FI57796C (fi) | 1980-10-10 |
| FI57796B (fi) | 1980-06-30 |
| SE391357B (sv) | 1977-02-14 |
| BR7603905A (pt) | 1977-04-05 |
| SE7506965L (sv) | 1976-12-18 |
| JPS5215602A (en) | 1977-02-05 |
| NO762084L (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1976-12-20 |
| NZ181025A (en) | 1978-04-28 |
| FR2314965B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1980-10-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |