CA1075161A - Composite reinforcement of metallic airfoils - Google Patents
Composite reinforcement of metallic airfoilsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1075161A CA1075161A CA292,803A CA292803A CA1075161A CA 1075161 A CA1075161 A CA 1075161A CA 292803 A CA292803 A CA 292803A CA 1075161 A CA1075161 A CA 1075161A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- blade
- airfoil
- parent metal
- stripe mode
- patch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P6/00—Restoring or reconditioning objects
- B23P6/002—Repairing turbine components, e.g. moving or stationary blades, rotors
- B23P6/005—Repairing turbine components, e.g. moving or stationary blades, rotors using only replacement pieces of a particular form
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
- F01D5/147—Construction, i.e. structural features, e.g. of weight-saving hollow blades
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
- F01D5/16—Form or construction for counteracting blade vibration
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S416/00—Fluid reaction surfaces, i.e. impellers
- Y10S416/50—Vibration damping features
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/753,317 US4118147A (en) | 1976-12-22 | 1976-12-22 | Composite reinforcement of metallic airfoils |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1075161A true CA1075161A (en) | 1980-04-08 |
Family
ID=25030123
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA292,803A Expired CA1075161A (en) | 1976-12-22 | 1977-12-09 | Composite reinforcement of metallic airfoils |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4118147A (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JPS5395304A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA1075161A (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE2756684C2 (enExample) |
| FR (1) | FR2384943A1 (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB1540989A (enExample) |
| IT (1) | IT1088799B (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (77)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4426193A (en) | 1981-01-22 | 1984-01-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Impact composite blade |
| US5193736A (en) * | 1991-03-01 | 1993-03-16 | Interturbine Corporation | Method for repairing turbine vanes |
| GB9109016D0 (en) * | 1991-04-26 | 1991-06-12 | Turbine Blading Ltd | Turbine blade repair |
| CA2070522A1 (en) * | 1991-07-22 | 1993-01-23 | Jan C. Schilling | Layup of composite fan blades/vanes |
| US5232344A (en) * | 1992-01-17 | 1993-08-03 | United Technologies Corporation | Internally damped blades |
| US5476363A (en) * | 1993-10-15 | 1995-12-19 | Charles E. Sohl | Method and apparatus for reducing stress on the tips of turbine or compressor blades |
| US5498137A (en) * | 1995-02-17 | 1996-03-12 | United Technologies Corporation | Turbine engine rotor blade vibration damping device |
| US5634771A (en) * | 1995-09-25 | 1997-06-03 | General Electric Company | Partially-metallic blade for a gas turbine |
| US5655883A (en) * | 1995-09-25 | 1997-08-12 | General Electric Company | Hybrid blade for a gas turbine |
| US5720597A (en) * | 1996-01-29 | 1998-02-24 | General Electric Company | Multi-component blade for a gas turbine |
| JPH1054204A (ja) * | 1996-05-20 | 1998-02-24 | General Electric Co <Ge> | ガスタービン用の多構成部翼 |
| US5931641A (en) * | 1997-04-25 | 1999-08-03 | General Electric Company | Steam turbine blade having areas of different densities |
| US5839882A (en) * | 1997-04-25 | 1998-11-24 | General Electric Company | Gas turbine blade having areas of different densities |
| US5988982A (en) * | 1997-09-09 | 1999-11-23 | Lsp Technologies, Inc. | Altering vibration frequencies of workpieces, such as gas turbine engine blades |
| US5913661A (en) * | 1997-12-22 | 1999-06-22 | General Electric Company | Striated hybrid blade |
| US6039542A (en) * | 1997-12-24 | 2000-03-21 | General Electric Company | Panel damped hybrid blade |
| US6042338A (en) * | 1998-04-08 | 2000-03-28 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Detuned fan blade apparatus and method |
| US6155789A (en) * | 1999-04-06 | 2000-12-05 | General Electric Company | Gas turbine engine airfoil damper and method for production |
| US6282786B1 (en) | 1999-08-16 | 2001-09-04 | General Electric Company | Method of making injection formed hybrid airfoil |
| US6341942B1 (en) | 1999-12-18 | 2002-01-29 | General Electric Company | Rotator member and method |
| US6339878B1 (en) | 2000-03-27 | 2002-01-22 | United Technologies Corporation | Method of repairing an airfoil |
| US6431000B1 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2002-08-13 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for high cycle fatigue life test |
| US6413051B1 (en) | 2000-10-30 | 2002-07-02 | General Electric Company | Article including a composite laminated end portion with a discrete end barrier and method for making and repairing |
| US6908288B2 (en) * | 2001-10-31 | 2005-06-21 | General Electric Company | Repair of advanced gas turbine blades |
| CH695461A5 (de) * | 2002-01-22 | 2006-05-31 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Verfahren zur Frequenzveränderung von Schaufeln für thermische Strömungsmaschinen. |
| FR2855441B1 (fr) * | 2003-05-27 | 2006-07-14 | Snecma Moteurs | Aube creuse pour turbomachine et procede de fabrication d'une telle aube. |
| EP1528343A1 (de) * | 2003-10-27 | 2005-05-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Keramischer Hitzeschildstein mit eingebetteten Verstärkungselementen zur Auskleidung einer Gasturbinenbrennkammerwand |
| DE10352253A1 (de) * | 2003-11-08 | 2005-06-09 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Verdichterlaufschaufel |
| US7008179B2 (en) * | 2003-12-16 | 2006-03-07 | General Electric Co. | Turbine blade frequency tuned pin bank |
| US7094033B2 (en) * | 2004-01-21 | 2006-08-22 | General Electric Company | Methods and apparatus for assembling gas turbine engines |
| US7024744B2 (en) * | 2004-04-01 | 2006-04-11 | General Electric Company | Frequency-tuned compressor stator blade and related method |
| EP1640562A1 (de) * | 2004-09-23 | 2006-03-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Frequenzverstimmung einer Turbinenschaufel sowie Turbinenschaufel |
| GB0513187D0 (en) * | 2005-06-29 | 2005-08-03 | Rolls Royce Plc | A blade and a rotor arrangement |
| US7497664B2 (en) * | 2005-08-16 | 2009-03-03 | General Electric Company | Methods and apparatus for reducing vibrations induced to airfoils |
| US7429166B2 (en) * | 2005-12-20 | 2008-09-30 | General Electric Company | Methods and apparatus for gas turbine engines |
| US7766625B2 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2010-08-03 | General Electric Company | Methods and apparatus for reducing stress in turbine buckets |
| US7547194B2 (en) * | 2006-07-31 | 2009-06-16 | General Electric Company | Rotor blade and method of fabricating the same |
| US20080269348A1 (en) * | 2006-11-07 | 2008-10-30 | Phil Skolnick | Novel Arylbicyclo[3.1.0]Hexylamines And Methods And Compositions For Their Preparation And Use |
| US7607287B2 (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2009-10-27 | United Technologies Corporation | Airfoil acoustic impedance control |
| US20090155082A1 (en) * | 2007-12-18 | 2009-06-18 | Loc Duong | Method to maximize resonance-free running range for a turbine blade |
| DE102008047043A1 (de) * | 2008-09-13 | 2010-03-18 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Ersatzteil für eine Gasturbinen-Schaufel einer Gasturbine, Gasturbinen-Schaufel sowie ein Verfahren zur Reparatur einer Gasturbinen-Schaufel |
| US8585368B2 (en) | 2009-04-16 | 2013-11-19 | United Technologies Corporation | Hybrid structure airfoil |
| US8083489B2 (en) * | 2009-04-16 | 2011-12-27 | United Technologies Corporation | Hybrid structure fan blade |
| US8043065B2 (en) * | 2009-05-01 | 2011-10-25 | General Electric Company | Wind turbine blade with prefabricated leading edge segments |
| US20110052405A1 (en) * | 2009-09-02 | 2011-03-03 | United Technologies Corporation | Composite airfoil with locally reinforced tip region |
| US20110182741A1 (en) * | 2010-01-26 | 2011-07-28 | United Technologies Corporation | Composite fan blade leading edge recamber |
| US20110229334A1 (en) * | 2010-03-16 | 2011-09-22 | United Technologies Corporation | Composite leading edge sheath and dovetail root undercut |
| US9181814B2 (en) * | 2010-11-24 | 2015-11-10 | United Technology Corporation | Turbine engine compressor stator |
| US9556742B2 (en) * | 2010-11-29 | 2017-01-31 | United Technologies Corporation | Composite airfoil and turbine engine |
| US8807955B2 (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2014-08-19 | United Technologies Corporation | Abrasive airfoil tip |
| US8763360B2 (en) * | 2011-11-03 | 2014-07-01 | United Technologies Corporation | Hollow fan blade tuning using distinct filler materials |
| US9085989B2 (en) | 2011-12-23 | 2015-07-21 | General Electric Company | Airfoils including compliant tip |
| US9752441B2 (en) | 2012-01-31 | 2017-09-05 | United Technologies Corporation | Gas turbine rotary blade with tip insert |
| US9150305B2 (en) | 2012-02-29 | 2015-10-06 | Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation | Vibration absorbing device for flexbeams |
| FR3008185B1 (fr) * | 2013-07-03 | 2017-02-10 | Snecma | Insert comprenant une surface externe faisant partie d'au moins un profil aerodynamique d'une aube de test de turbomachine |
| FR3010463B1 (fr) * | 2013-09-11 | 2015-08-21 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Impulseur de pompe polyphasique avec des moyens d'amplification et de repartition d'ecoulements de jeu. |
| DE102015203868A1 (de) * | 2015-03-04 | 2016-09-08 | Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg | Fanschaufel für einen Flugantrieb |
| FR3041684B1 (fr) * | 2015-09-28 | 2021-12-10 | Snecma | Aube comprenant un bouclier de bord d'attaque et procede de fabrication de l'aube |
| US10570917B2 (en) | 2016-08-01 | 2020-02-25 | United Technologies Corporation | Fan blade with composite cover |
| US11131314B2 (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2021-09-28 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Fan blade with structural spar and integrated leading edge |
| GB201702698D0 (en) * | 2017-02-20 | 2017-04-05 | Rolls Royce Plc | Fan |
| FR3081370B1 (fr) * | 2018-05-22 | 2020-06-05 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Corps d'aube et aube en materiau composite ayant un renfort fibreux compose d'un tissage tridimensionnel et de fibres courtes et leur procede de fabrication |
| CN111828386B (zh) * | 2019-04-16 | 2022-01-28 | 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 | 组合式风扇叶片 |
| FR3100471B1 (fr) | 2019-09-10 | 2022-12-09 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Préforme pour aube composite |
| US11225874B2 (en) | 2019-12-20 | 2022-01-18 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Turbine engine rotor blade with castellated tip surface |
| FR3109181B1 (fr) * | 2020-04-09 | 2022-07-15 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Aube composée de plusieurs matériaux |
| US11795831B2 (en) | 2020-04-17 | 2023-10-24 | Rtx Corporation | Multi-material vane for a gas turbine engine |
| US11572796B2 (en) | 2020-04-17 | 2023-02-07 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Multi-material vane for a gas turbine engine |
| US11255199B2 (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2022-02-22 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Airfoil with shaped mass reduction pocket |
| US11946391B2 (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2024-04-02 | General Electric Company | Turbine engine with composite airfoil having a non-metallic leading edge protective wrap |
| US11725520B2 (en) | 2021-11-04 | 2023-08-15 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Fan rotor for airfoil damping |
| US11639685B1 (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2023-05-02 | General Electric Company | Blades including integrated damping structures and methods of forming the same |
| US11560801B1 (en) | 2021-12-23 | 2023-01-24 | Rolls-Royce North American Technologies Inc. | Fan blade with internal magnetorheological fluid damping |
| US11746659B2 (en) | 2021-12-23 | 2023-09-05 | Rolls-Royce North American Technologies Inc. | Fan blade with internal shear-thickening fluid damping |
| US12385400B2 (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2025-08-12 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Method of manufacturing a mistuned rotor |
| US11959395B2 (en) * | 2022-05-03 | 2024-04-16 | General Electric Company | Rotor blade system of turbine engines |
| US12203390B1 (en) | 2023-07-07 | 2025-01-21 | General Electric Company | Composite airfoil assembly for a turbine engine |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2412615A (en) * | 1943-04-16 | 1946-12-17 | Gen Electric | Bladed machine element |
| NL81240C (enExample) * | 1951-08-31 | 1955-11-15 | ||
| US2809802A (en) * | 1952-09-10 | 1957-10-15 | Gen Electric | Damping turbine blades |
| US2828941A (en) * | 1952-12-24 | 1958-04-01 | United Aircraft Corp | Blade damping means |
| US2933286A (en) * | 1954-09-15 | 1960-04-19 | Gen Electric | Damping turbine buckets |
| US2984453A (en) * | 1957-03-25 | 1961-05-16 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Vibration damper for blading in elastic fluid apparatus |
| US2999669A (en) * | 1958-11-21 | 1961-09-12 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Damping apparatus |
| GB1040825A (en) * | 1965-04-20 | 1966-09-01 | Rolls Royce | Improvements in rotor blades and/or stator blades for gas turbine engines |
| GB1130285A (en) * | 1967-05-05 | 1968-10-16 | Rolls Royce | Method of making an aerofoil shaped blade for a fluid flow machine |
| US3368795A (en) * | 1967-07-12 | 1968-02-13 | Gen Motors Corp | Composite rotor blade having high modal frequencies |
| US3796513A (en) * | 1972-06-19 | 1974-03-12 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | High damping blades |
| JPS4956008A (enExample) * | 1973-06-19 | 1974-05-30 |
-
1976
- 1976-12-22 US US05/753,317 patent/US4118147A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1977
- 1977-12-09 CA CA292,803A patent/CA1075161A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-14 GB GB52011/77A patent/GB1540989A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-20 DE DE2756684A patent/DE2756684C2/de not_active Expired
- 1977-12-21 IT IT31031/77A patent/IT1088799B/it active
- 1977-12-21 JP JP15301977A patent/JPS5395304A/ja active Granted
- 1977-12-22 FR FR7738869A patent/FR2384943A1/fr active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2756684A1 (de) | 1978-06-29 |
| US4118147A (en) | 1978-10-03 |
| DE2756684C2 (de) | 1986-11-06 |
| IT1088799B (it) | 1985-06-10 |
| JPS6232359B2 (enExample) | 1987-07-14 |
| FR2384943B1 (enExample) | 1983-12-09 |
| FR2384943A1 (fr) | 1978-10-20 |
| JPS5395304A (en) | 1978-08-21 |
| GB1540989A (en) | 1979-02-21 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |