CA1074990A - Floating fender - Google Patents
Floating fenderInfo
- Publication number
- CA1074990A CA1074990A CA242,428A CA242428A CA1074990A CA 1074990 A CA1074990 A CA 1074990A CA 242428 A CA242428 A CA 242428A CA 1074990 A CA1074990 A CA 1074990A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- rubber
- density
- fender
- carbon black
- floating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012763 reinforcing filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920001821 foam rubber Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229960001296 zinc oxide Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- BOXSVZNGTQTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCC.CCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCC BOXSVZNGTQTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- DADTZHAWDPZVFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [tris(diethylcarbamothioylsulfanyl)-$l^{4}-tellanyl] n,n-diethylcarbamodithioate Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=S)S[Te](SC(=S)N(CC)CC)(SC(=S)N(CC)CC)SC(=S)N(CC)CC DADTZHAWDPZVFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010691 naphtenic oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- QZQLBBPKPGSZBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dihydroindazole-3-thione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S)=NNC2=C1 QZQLBBPKPGSZBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013032 Hydrocarbon resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005662 Paraffin oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006270 hydrocarbon resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010734 process oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004636 vulcanized rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/20—Equipment for shipping on coasts, in harbours or on other fixed marine structures, e.g. bollards
- E02B3/26—Fenders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B59/00—Hull protection specially adapted for vessels; Cleaning devices specially adapted for vessels
- B63B59/02—Fenders integral with waterborne vessels or specially adapted therefor, e.g. fenders forming part of the hull or incorporated in the hull; Rubbing-strakes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/30—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation in transportation, e.g. on roads, waterways or railways
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A floating rubber fender to be used for ships, plat-forms, locks, or the like. In order to provide a fender which will not sink when its support cables break, it has been propo-sed to manufacture the fenders partly of massive rubber, with the remainder thereof comprising sponge or foam rubber, such that the overall density is less than 1.0 and is therefore of floating construction. However, such fenders are not suitable for the heavy conditions of use to which they are subjected since the use of foam rubber or sponge results in decreased rigidity and tear resistance. To overcome this problem, the present invention provides a floating rubber fender consisting of a rubber body manufactured from massive rubber, the rubber body having been manufactured from a substantially synthetic rubber having a density below about 0.91. Additionally, a carbon black is utilized as a reinforcing filler, the carbon black promoting electrical conductivity and having a small particle size and a high structure. The carbon black is added in such an amount that the density of the rubber after vulcanization amounts to at most 0.97.
A floating rubber fender to be used for ships, plat-forms, locks, or the like. In order to provide a fender which will not sink when its support cables break, it has been propo-sed to manufacture the fenders partly of massive rubber, with the remainder thereof comprising sponge or foam rubber, such that the overall density is less than 1.0 and is therefore of floating construction. However, such fenders are not suitable for the heavy conditions of use to which they are subjected since the use of foam rubber or sponge results in decreased rigidity and tear resistance. To overcome this problem, the present invention provides a floating rubber fender consisting of a rubber body manufactured from massive rubber, the rubber body having been manufactured from a substantially synthetic rubber having a density below about 0.91. Additionally, a carbon black is utilized as a reinforcing filler, the carbon black promoting electrical conductivity and having a small particle size and a high structure. The carbon black is added in such an amount that the density of the rubber after vulcanization amounts to at most 0.97.
Description
107~90 The inventlon relates to a floating fender from rubber or an elastic plastic, especially meant for use on behalf of ships or drilling platforms, which should also be provisioned, loaded and unloaded in the open sea at a high wind-force, or for use in locks. Another application possibility is formed by heavy-draught tanker-vessels, which pump a portion of their load over into smaller tanker-vessels Stable floating fenders, which absorb the possible shocks and which separate both ships, are indispensable for this difficult nautical manoeuvre.
Especially for tanker-vessels of large dimensions the pressure exerted from the outside on the ship's wall may not exceed an amount of about 50 tonsJm2. This leads to the use of fenders of a very large volume, with which it is possible to reduce large occurring forces to limited pressures (per m2).
Moreover, the presence of a limited amount of man-power on board of large vessels leads to endeavours towards large units with a minimum total number of fenders needed.
Starting from the large dimension of the fenders to be used for the above purpose the embodiments known in this respect appear to give large problems in the practice.
For example, use is made of an air-filled, balloon-s~aped fender, connected to the ship by one or more cables and floating on the water surface. Bésides a high vulnerability (chance of damage), whereby the fender may sink and get lost, this construction has the disadvantage that this fender is easily thrown back on board of the ship from its floating condi-tion in case of rough weather, which may be lead to damage of ship-parts and to personal accidents.
~ urthermore, fenders of massive rubber are known having a density of more than 1.0 which are usually attached at their extremities to the ship by means of cables, for which purpose a shaft or frame may have been incorporated in the rubber mate-.
- B
rial An advantage of this construction is present tha-t in comparison with the pneumatic fender, which exactly follows each undulatory motion, this massive fender can be suspended complete-ly or partially under the water, whereby it stays better where it is with respect to the ship A disadvantage, h~wever, is that on contrary movements of the ships the fender may be pushed down, the cables may break and the fender may sink and yet lost, and furthermore that on rolling movements the ships may get in touch above or beneath the fender One tried to remove this last-mentioned disadvan'tage by manufacturing fenders which partly consist of massive rubber and have been built up for the remaining part of sponge- or foam rubber, whereby the overall density of the fender is less'~than 1 0 and a floating construction originates Thus, such fenders cannot sink. Irrespective of the problems originating while . manufacturing such large rubber articles of various composition and especially while vulcanizing them, it should be pointed out that such fenders are less suitable for the heavy conditions of use to which they are subjected. Thus, the use of foam or sponge rubber components always leads to a decrease of the ri-gidity and the tear resistance of the rubber article, which properties are of great importance for fenders It is also possible on a lasting use and the repeating compression and expansion of the fender occurring thereby, that water enters whereby the gas-bubbles cannot perform their function and the density exceeds the value 1.0 again Now the inventive idea is present in the fact that these disadvantages are removed by using a rubber quality, which also in massive vulcanized form (so without gas- or air-filled closed pores being present therein) has a density of less than 1 0 preferably at most 0 97 It is clear that with such a density of the technical (vulcanized) rubber quality a floatiny body can be manufactured, which also in Lresh water still rises partially above the water surface, whereby it is not necessary to hang up the fender on cables Also in that case it is excluded that the fender sinks or gets lost For some time already saturated synthetic rubbers are commercially available, the density of which is smaller than that of natural rubber (natural rubber and the type of synthetic rubber that is used most often have a density of 0 92) The so-called EPDM rubbers (vide the Elastomers Manual, edited 1974, page 7) have for instance a density of about 0 86.
However, reinforcing fillers have to be added to such elastomers to give the articles prepared therefrom the desired application properties.
In order to be usable in practice fenders should be manufactured from a rubber mixture having a rigidity at 25% of elongation of at least 3.5 kg/cm2 and a tear resistance in order to prevent tearing of at least 10 kg/cm2 (determined according to the so-called Delft method, ~EN 5603).
To realize these minimum requirements a dosage of a carbon black usual for such purposes of about 40 parts per 100 parts of polymer is in general necessary for the use of synthetic rubber polymers, such as ethylene-propylene-diene rubber.
~owever, as the density of active carbon black is always about 1.8 it is clear that without other additions decreasing the density the carbon black dosage has been limited in order to prevent that the density becomes more than 0.97.
Now it has surprisingly been found that if an active carbon black, which distinguishes itself by a small particle size and a high structure and was developed for a completely different purpose, namely for making rubber electrically conductive, is used, also with low dosages a reinforcement is obtained, which 107~90 re~ults in properties on an acceptable level, viz. above the limits indicated above as minimum value. These carbon blacks are generally indicated as CF carbon black (vide Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 2nd Edition 1964, Vol. 4, page 265).
If the substantially synthetic rubber per se has a density of at most 0.91, one obtains with these active carbon blacks in an active amount a rubber article of which has a density after vulcanization of at most 0.97 So the invention relates to a floating rubber fender to be used for ships or drilling platforms or locks etc. con-sisting of a rubber body manufactured from massive rubber, cha-racterized in that the rubber body has been manufactured from a substantially synthetic ~ubber having a density below about 0.91 and in that therein as reinforcing filler a carbon black promo-ting the electrical conductivity and having a small particle size and a high structure, is added in such an amount that the density of the rubber after vulcanization amounts to at most 0.97.
With "a rubber body manufactured from massive rubber"
is meant that in the rubber as such no closed pores are present.
The body may indeed have cavities, it may for instance have the form of a thick-walled hollow cylinder. Each type of carbon black, which promotes the electrical conductivity and has a small particle size and a high structure, for example of the CF
type, may be used for the manufacture of the fenders according to the invention. Very suitable are the extra-conducting carbon blacks, e.g. the carbon black put on the market by AKZO N.~. !
under the trade mark Ketjenblack EC.
Preferably an amount of carbon black of the CF type is used of 5-35 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of synthetic rubber, especially 5-20 parts by weight. Besides a .
1~)7~90 carbon blacX of the CF type the usual softeners (oils), activa-tors (zinc oxide), resins and accelerators are incorporated in the rubber mixture.
The invention is elucidated by the following example~.
In these examples the following basis recipe was lsed.
EPDM-rubber Zinc-oxide (active) Conductive carbon black Stearic acid Resin Softener Accelerator sy~tem.
The amounts of the various components in this mixture are chosen such that the,following conditions are met:
1. A density of at most 0.97
Especially for tanker-vessels of large dimensions the pressure exerted from the outside on the ship's wall may not exceed an amount of about 50 tonsJm2. This leads to the use of fenders of a very large volume, with which it is possible to reduce large occurring forces to limited pressures (per m2).
Moreover, the presence of a limited amount of man-power on board of large vessels leads to endeavours towards large units with a minimum total number of fenders needed.
Starting from the large dimension of the fenders to be used for the above purpose the embodiments known in this respect appear to give large problems in the practice.
For example, use is made of an air-filled, balloon-s~aped fender, connected to the ship by one or more cables and floating on the water surface. Bésides a high vulnerability (chance of damage), whereby the fender may sink and get lost, this construction has the disadvantage that this fender is easily thrown back on board of the ship from its floating condi-tion in case of rough weather, which may be lead to damage of ship-parts and to personal accidents.
~ urthermore, fenders of massive rubber are known having a density of more than 1.0 which are usually attached at their extremities to the ship by means of cables, for which purpose a shaft or frame may have been incorporated in the rubber mate-.
- B
rial An advantage of this construction is present tha-t in comparison with the pneumatic fender, which exactly follows each undulatory motion, this massive fender can be suspended complete-ly or partially under the water, whereby it stays better where it is with respect to the ship A disadvantage, h~wever, is that on contrary movements of the ships the fender may be pushed down, the cables may break and the fender may sink and yet lost, and furthermore that on rolling movements the ships may get in touch above or beneath the fender One tried to remove this last-mentioned disadvan'tage by manufacturing fenders which partly consist of massive rubber and have been built up for the remaining part of sponge- or foam rubber, whereby the overall density of the fender is less'~than 1 0 and a floating construction originates Thus, such fenders cannot sink. Irrespective of the problems originating while . manufacturing such large rubber articles of various composition and especially while vulcanizing them, it should be pointed out that such fenders are less suitable for the heavy conditions of use to which they are subjected. Thus, the use of foam or sponge rubber components always leads to a decrease of the ri-gidity and the tear resistance of the rubber article, which properties are of great importance for fenders It is also possible on a lasting use and the repeating compression and expansion of the fender occurring thereby, that water enters whereby the gas-bubbles cannot perform their function and the density exceeds the value 1.0 again Now the inventive idea is present in the fact that these disadvantages are removed by using a rubber quality, which also in massive vulcanized form (so without gas- or air-filled closed pores being present therein) has a density of less than 1 0 preferably at most 0 97 It is clear that with such a density of the technical (vulcanized) rubber quality a floatiny body can be manufactured, which also in Lresh water still rises partially above the water surface, whereby it is not necessary to hang up the fender on cables Also in that case it is excluded that the fender sinks or gets lost For some time already saturated synthetic rubbers are commercially available, the density of which is smaller than that of natural rubber (natural rubber and the type of synthetic rubber that is used most often have a density of 0 92) The so-called EPDM rubbers (vide the Elastomers Manual, edited 1974, page 7) have for instance a density of about 0 86.
However, reinforcing fillers have to be added to such elastomers to give the articles prepared therefrom the desired application properties.
In order to be usable in practice fenders should be manufactured from a rubber mixture having a rigidity at 25% of elongation of at least 3.5 kg/cm2 and a tear resistance in order to prevent tearing of at least 10 kg/cm2 (determined according to the so-called Delft method, ~EN 5603).
To realize these minimum requirements a dosage of a carbon black usual for such purposes of about 40 parts per 100 parts of polymer is in general necessary for the use of synthetic rubber polymers, such as ethylene-propylene-diene rubber.
~owever, as the density of active carbon black is always about 1.8 it is clear that without other additions decreasing the density the carbon black dosage has been limited in order to prevent that the density becomes more than 0.97.
Now it has surprisingly been found that if an active carbon black, which distinguishes itself by a small particle size and a high structure and was developed for a completely different purpose, namely for making rubber electrically conductive, is used, also with low dosages a reinforcement is obtained, which 107~90 re~ults in properties on an acceptable level, viz. above the limits indicated above as minimum value. These carbon blacks are generally indicated as CF carbon black (vide Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 2nd Edition 1964, Vol. 4, page 265).
If the substantially synthetic rubber per se has a density of at most 0.91, one obtains with these active carbon blacks in an active amount a rubber article of which has a density after vulcanization of at most 0.97 So the invention relates to a floating rubber fender to be used for ships or drilling platforms or locks etc. con-sisting of a rubber body manufactured from massive rubber, cha-racterized in that the rubber body has been manufactured from a substantially synthetic ~ubber having a density below about 0.91 and in that therein as reinforcing filler a carbon black promo-ting the electrical conductivity and having a small particle size and a high structure, is added in such an amount that the density of the rubber after vulcanization amounts to at most 0.97.
With "a rubber body manufactured from massive rubber"
is meant that in the rubber as such no closed pores are present.
The body may indeed have cavities, it may for instance have the form of a thick-walled hollow cylinder. Each type of carbon black, which promotes the electrical conductivity and has a small particle size and a high structure, for example of the CF
type, may be used for the manufacture of the fenders according to the invention. Very suitable are the extra-conducting carbon blacks, e.g. the carbon black put on the market by AKZO N.~. !
under the trade mark Ketjenblack EC.
Preferably an amount of carbon black of the CF type is used of 5-35 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of synthetic rubber, especially 5-20 parts by weight. Besides a .
1~)7~90 carbon blacX of the CF type the usual softeners (oils), activa-tors (zinc oxide), resins and accelerators are incorporated in the rubber mixture.
The invention is elucidated by the following example~.
In these examples the following basis recipe was lsed.
EPDM-rubber Zinc-oxide (active) Conductive carbon black Stearic acid Resin Softener Accelerator sy~tem.
The amounts of the various components in this mixture are chosen such that the,following conditions are met:
1. A density of at most 0.97
2. A tear resistance of at least 10 kg/cm
3. A rigidity of at least 3.5 kg/cm2 at 25% of elonga-`~ tion.
Example I
,:
- 20 1) ~ordel 1070 E* 90Parts by weight 2) Nordel 2744 * 40 Zincoxide/active , 2 "
6) Vulcan XXX carbon black* 10 "
Example I
,:
- 20 1) ~ordel 1070 E* 90Parts by weight 2) Nordel 2744 * 40 Zincoxide/active , 2 "
6) Vulcan XXX carbon black* 10 "
4) Escorez 5300* 6 7) Mexphalt* 5 Stearic acid 1 "
5) BP50 oil* 5 Zincdibutyldithiocarbamate (ZDBC) 2 "
Tetramethylthiurardisulfide (TMTD) 0.5 "
Telluriumdiethyldithiocarbamate (Tellurac)* 0.4 * Trade mark B - 5 _ 107~990 Mercaptobenzodiazole (MBT)1.0 Parts by weight Sulphur (S) 2.0 "
164.9 Parts by weight Example II
8) Keltan 520 x 50* 90 Parts by weight 9) Keltan 578* 40 "
Zincoxide 2 "
3) Ketjenblack EC 10 "
4) Escorez 5300 6 "
7) Mexphalt 5 Stearic acid ~ 1 "
5) BP50 oil 5 ZDBC 2 "
TMTD . 0-5 Tellurac 0.4 MBT 1.0 "
2.0 "
164.9 Parts by weight Exam~le III
1) Nordel 1070 E
Paxts by weight 2) ~ordel 2744 40 i' Zincoxide active . 2 3) Ketjen carbon black EC 14 '~
Stearic acid 1 "
4) Resin: Escorez 5300~ 6 " ~:
Softener:.
5) BP process oil P50 10 "
ZDBC 2 l :
Tellurac 0-4 MBT 1 " ~ --Sulphur 2 "
* Trade mark - 6 - 16e.9 Parts by weight 3~ .
:
~v~ 9o 1) An EPDM rubber exterlded with 50 parts of naphtenic oil such as provided by Dupont (vide The Elastomers Manual, '74 Edition Table VIII, page 34) 2) An extended EPDM rubber as provided by Dupont (The Elastomers Manual, '74 Edition, Table VIII, page 34).
3~ Provided by ~Z0 Chernie Nederland 4) Hydrocarbon resin, obtained by cracking olefins and diole-fins, average molecular weight 800, provided by Esso Chemical 5) Low viscous paraffin oil provided by British Petroleum
Tetramethylthiurardisulfide (TMTD) 0.5 "
Telluriumdiethyldithiocarbamate (Tellurac)* 0.4 * Trade mark B - 5 _ 107~990 Mercaptobenzodiazole (MBT)1.0 Parts by weight Sulphur (S) 2.0 "
164.9 Parts by weight Example II
8) Keltan 520 x 50* 90 Parts by weight 9) Keltan 578* 40 "
Zincoxide 2 "
3) Ketjenblack EC 10 "
4) Escorez 5300 6 "
7) Mexphalt 5 Stearic acid ~ 1 "
5) BP50 oil 5 ZDBC 2 "
TMTD . 0-5 Tellurac 0.4 MBT 1.0 "
2.0 "
164.9 Parts by weight Exam~le III
1) Nordel 1070 E
Paxts by weight 2) ~ordel 2744 40 i' Zincoxide active . 2 3) Ketjen carbon black EC 14 '~
Stearic acid 1 "
4) Resin: Escorez 5300~ 6 " ~:
Softener:.
5) BP process oil P50 10 "
ZDBC 2 l :
Tellurac 0-4 MBT 1 " ~ --Sulphur 2 "
* Trade mark - 6 - 16e.9 Parts by weight 3~ .
:
~v~ 9o 1) An EPDM rubber exterlded with 50 parts of naphtenic oil such as provided by Dupont (vide The Elastomers Manual, '74 Edition Table VIII, page 34) 2) An extended EPDM rubber as provided by Dupont (The Elastomers Manual, '74 Edition, Table VIII, page 34).
3~ Provided by ~Z0 Chernie Nederland 4) Hydrocarbon resin, obtained by cracking olefins and diole-fins, average molecular weight 800, provided by Esso Chemical 5) Low viscous paraffin oil provided by British Petroleum
6) Provided by Cabot Carbon Ltd
7) Mineral rubber, provided by Shell, softening point 135C
8) An EPDM rubber extended with 50 parts o-f naphtenic oil as provided by DSM (Dutch States Mines) (The Elastomer Manual, '74 ~, Edition, Table VIII, page 36)
9) An unextended EPDM rubber as provided by DSM (Dutch States Mines) (The Elastomers Manual, '74 Edition, Table VIII, page .
36).
The mechanical properties of a vulcanized rubber plate (vulcanized during 20 minutes at 150C) from these mixtures were determined, with the following results ,:
Example I
Density = 0.95 Tear resistance (method NEN 5603) = 13 kg/cm Rigidity at 25% of elongation = 3.6 kg/cm Example II
Density = 0.95 Tear resistance (method NEN 5603) = 20 kg/cm Rigidity at 25% of elongation = 5 3 kg/cm , Example III
Density = 0 96 107~990 Tear resistance (Inethod NEN 5603) = 15 kg/cm Riyidity at 25% of elonyation = 5,0 ky/cm .
The invention is not limited to the embodiments espe-cially explained in the examples and small changes in the dis-pensiny which are obvious for the expert can be applied without more.
36).
The mechanical properties of a vulcanized rubber plate (vulcanized during 20 minutes at 150C) from these mixtures were determined, with the following results ,:
Example I
Density = 0.95 Tear resistance (method NEN 5603) = 13 kg/cm Rigidity at 25% of elongation = 3.6 kg/cm Example II
Density = 0.95 Tear resistance (method NEN 5603) = 20 kg/cm Rigidity at 25% of elongation = 5 3 kg/cm , Example III
Density = 0 96 107~990 Tear resistance (Inethod NEN 5603) = 15 kg/cm Riyidity at 25% of elonyation = 5,0 ky/cm .
The invention is not limited to the embodiments espe-cially explained in the examples and small changes in the dis-pensiny which are obvious for the expert can be applied without more.
Claims (2)
1. Floating rubber fender to be used for ships or drilling platforms or locks etc. consisting of a rubber body manufactured from massive rubber, characterized in that the rubber body has been manufactured from a substantially synthetic rubber having a density below about 0.91 and in that therein as reinforcing filler a carbon black promoting the electrical conductivity and having a small particle size and a high structure is added in such an amount that the density of the rubber after vulcaniza-tion amounts to at most 0.97.
2. Floating rubber fender according to claim 1, charac-terized in that the amount of carbon black incorporated is 5-35 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of synthetic rubber.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NLAANVRAGE7416836,A NL178952C (en) | 1974-12-24 | 1974-12-24 | FLOATING CUSHION. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1074990A true CA1074990A (en) | 1980-04-08 |
Family
ID=19822720
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA242,428A Expired CA1074990A (en) | 1974-12-24 | 1975-12-23 | Floating fender |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5846605B2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU505497B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE837076A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7508596A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1074990A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2557279A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES443855A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2296130A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1538043A (en) |
| IE (1) | IE41982B1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1059867B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL178952C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO153957C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7514343L (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA757959B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62152802U (en) * | 1986-03-20 | 1987-09-28 | ||
| DE202004010336U1 (en) * | 2004-07-01 | 2005-11-10 | Leber, Josef | marine fender |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB627915A (en) * | 1947-07-22 | 1949-08-18 | John Bonus Child | Improvements in or relating to ships' fenders |
| US3113546A (en) * | 1963-03-04 | 1963-12-10 | Albert E Mountcastle | Boat fender device |
| FR1432607A (en) * | 1965-01-14 | 1966-03-25 | Zodiac Anciens Etablissements | Improvements to elastic docking fenders |
| FR1581774A (en) * | 1968-08-05 | 1969-09-19 | ||
| ES372371A1 (en) * | 1968-10-11 | 1972-01-16 | Beyer Olsen | Marine fenders |
-
1974
- 1974-12-24 NL NLAANVRAGE7416836,A patent/NL178952C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1975
- 1975-12-04 AU AU87249/75A patent/AU505497B2/en not_active Expired
- 1975-12-18 SE SE7514343A patent/SE7514343L/en unknown
- 1975-12-19 DE DE19752557279 patent/DE2557279A1/en active Granted
- 1975-12-22 IE IE2801/75A patent/IE41982B1/en unknown
- 1975-12-23 ZA ZA00757959A patent/ZA757959B/en unknown
- 1975-12-23 FR FR7539603A patent/FR2296130A1/en active Granted
- 1975-12-23 IT IT70176/75A patent/IT1059867B/en active
- 1975-12-23 GB GB52548/75A patent/GB1538043A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-12-23 CA CA242,428A patent/CA1074990A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-12-23 BR BR7508596*A patent/BR7508596A/en unknown
- 1975-12-23 NO NO754385A patent/NO153957C/en unknown
- 1975-12-24 JP JP50153499A patent/JPS5846605B2/en not_active Expired
- 1975-12-24 BE BE163112A patent/BE837076A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-12-24 ES ES443855A patent/ES443855A1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2557279A1 (en) | 1976-07-08 |
| NO153957B (en) | 1986-03-17 |
| NL7416836A (en) | 1976-06-28 |
| BE837076A (en) | 1976-04-16 |
| JPS5846605B2 (en) | 1983-10-18 |
| NO153957C (en) | 1986-06-25 |
| JPS51106993A (en) | 1976-09-22 |
| IE41982B1 (en) | 1980-05-07 |
| IE41982L (en) | 1976-06-24 |
| FR2296130A1 (en) | 1976-07-23 |
| NL178952B (en) | 1986-01-16 |
| AU8724975A (en) | 1977-06-09 |
| GB1538043A (en) | 1979-01-10 |
| NL178952C (en) | 1986-06-16 |
| SE7514343L (en) | 1976-06-28 |
| AU505497B2 (en) | 1979-11-22 |
| ZA757959B (en) | 1976-12-29 |
| FR2296130B1 (en) | 1980-04-11 |
| NO754385L (en) | 1976-06-25 |
| DE2557279C2 (en) | 1987-08-06 |
| BR7508596A (en) | 1976-08-24 |
| ES443855A1 (en) | 1977-08-16 |
| IT1059867B (en) | 1982-06-21 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| AU588091B2 (en) | Elastomer ptfe composition. | |
| KR101466388B1 (en) | Cleaning foam for concrete pump | |
| JPH09296063A (en) | Expandable thermoplastic olefin elastomer composition and foam thereof | |
| KR970058772A (en) | Particulate acetylene black, preparation method and use thereof | |
| CA1074990A (en) | Floating fender | |
| US4153589A (en) | Thermoplastic elastomeric molding composition and articles molded therefrom | |
| CN107337846A (en) | A kind of rubber-plastic foamed sole composition, rubber-plastic foamed sole and its manufacture method | |
| Sircar et al. | Effect of heterogeneous carbon black distribution on the properties of polymer blends | |
| Mayasari et al. | Effect of vulcanization system and carbon black on mechanical and swelling properties of EPDM blends | |
| US4194034A (en) | Floating fender | |
| JPS6036164B2 (en) | ethylene copolymer | |
| CN104693627A (en) | High-strength corrosion-resistant flexible ship cable material | |
| JP2020139051A (en) | Rubber composition and hose | |
| Korodi et al. | Polyurethane microcellular elastomers: 2. Effect of chain extender on the mechanical properties | |
| JPH0721113B2 (en) | Elastomer PTFE composition and method for producing the same | |
| JPS6011938B2 (en) | Method for manufacturing thermoplastic resin foam | |
| CN107163417A (en) | One kind foaming composition, expanded material and its manufacture method | |
| KR20230029148A (en) | Eco-friendly buoy using reclaimed rubber and method for manufacturing the same | |
| US1248226A (en) | Vulcanized cumaron-rubber product and process of making same. | |
| KR100228868B1 (en) | Anti-static rubber composition | |
| KR102440703B1 (en) | Weather strip composition having low density | |
| Blank | Rubber in museums: a conservation problem | |
| KR20180115913A (en) | Method of manufacturing molded foam | |
| JPH05295175A (en) | Polychloroprene rubber composition | |
| Anggaravidya et al. | Comparative Analysis of NR/EPDM Ratio and Carbon Black Selection on Mechanical Properties of Vulcanized Pneumatic Fenders |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |