CA1065558A - Method of producing coloured patterns on the nap of nap fabrics - Google Patents
Method of producing coloured patterns on the nap of nap fabricsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1065558A CA1065558A CA238,460A CA238460A CA1065558A CA 1065558 A CA1065558 A CA 1065558A CA 238460 A CA238460 A CA 238460A CA 1065558 A CA1065558 A CA 1065558A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- nap
- fabric
- fibers
- pressure
- selecting step
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
- D06P5/20—Physical treatments affecting dyeing, e.g. ultrasonic or electric
- D06P5/2044—Textile treatments at a pression higher than 1 atm
- D06P5/205—Textile treatments at a pression higher than 1 atm before dyeing
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
- D06B11/00—Treatment of selected parts of textile materials, e.g. partial dyeing
- D06B11/0079—Local modifications of the ability of the textile material to receive the treating materials, (e.g. its dyeability)
- D06B11/0089—Local modifications of the ability of the textile material to receive the treating materials, (e.g. its dyeability) the textile material being a surface
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/0096—Multicolour dyeing
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
- D06P5/20—Physical treatments affecting dyeing, e.g. ultrasonic or electric
- D06P5/2066—Thermic treatments of textile materials
- D06P5/2072—Thermic treatments of textile materials before dyeing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Coloring (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A method of producing coloured patterns on the nap of nap fabrics, in which the nap is subjected briefly to pressure and heat to modify the absorption capacity of synthetic filaments or fibers wholly or partly making up the nap, after which the fabric is dyed in a conventional manner.
A method of producing coloured patterns on the nap of nap fabrics, in which the nap is subjected briefly to pressure and heat to modify the absorption capacity of synthetic filaments or fibers wholly or partly making up the nap, after which the fabric is dyed in a conventional manner.
Description
l~ S~
- , .
~ . .
`
Various techniques are already known ~or producing coloured pa~t~rn~ or designs on ~ap or pile .
abrics~ Thus, for example, the ~ac~uard weaving process may be employed to i~terwea~e differen~ yarns or undyed yarns ha~e differing a~ini~ies ~o~ dyes subsequently applied, so tha~ a two-~one e~ec~ is produced during ,; the dyeingstage.
It is also possible for two tone effects to be produced by printing nap abrics with paste dye with ~or without the addition o~ chemical swelling agents. Also ~ a previously ~yed nap fabric, having a nap consisting o~
.~ . . .
acrylic fi~exs, may be printed with contra~t-forming agents ~, .
. ..
~ '~ ' ' . ' .
~, .
.
ss~
such as ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate, the fabric being subjected after drying to an electropolishing process.
These known methods for giving a nap fabric a two-tone effect are however very unsatisfactory from the practical point of view, being time consuming and requiring expensive e~uipment.
An object of this invention is to provide a process for the production of coloured patterns or designs on nap or pile fabrics, which is technically simple.
A further object of the invention is to provide a dyed nap fabric having a two-tone pattern thereon.
The invention is based upon my discovery that nap fabric piece goods, which have a nap consisting entirely or partly of synthetic filaments or synthetic fibers such as acrylic and/or modacrylic filaments or fibers may be caused to absorb dye in a non-uniform manner if selected regions are previously subjected to pressure and heat. This effect stems from the fact that the absorption capacity of the fibrous nap of the nap surface for dyes diminishes drastically in the selected regions.
Accordingly, the invention provides a process in whlch the nap of the nap fabric is subjected briefly to pressure and heat before dyeingr in a manner which modifies the affinity to dye of the synthetic fibers or filaments, i5558 aftcr whicl- the nap fa~ric is dyed and ~inished in the usual malmor. In consequence thenap ~ay be so pretreAted, b~ore dyeing, that its fibers absorb dyes in a differential manner according to a predetermined design, whereby decorative coloured patterns, such as a figurative two-tone effect, form durin~ the s~bsequent dyeing o the nap fabrics. The dyeing operation may be performed as piece dyeing, for ~xample, and subsequent final finishing may be carried out in the conventional manner.
More specifically, the invention consists of a method of producing a pattern upon the nap of a nap fabric, the nap consisting at least partly of synthetic fibers, comprising subjecting at least one region of the nap to pressure and heat so as to modify the absorption capacity of the synthetic fibres in said region, dyeing the fabric, and finishing the fabric in such a manner that all the fibers have substantially the same length.
The invention also consists of a nap fabric comprising a base material and a nap including fibers formed at least partly from a synthetic material, the nap including at least one region in which the fibers have a heat and pressure induced modified dye absorption capacity, wherein all the fibers have substantially the same length.
In order to restrict the heat and pressure treatment of the nap surface to preselected regions in accordance with the design to be produced, use is preferably made of a metal cylinder or roll ~hich can be heated to a precise temperature and has a relief-like engraved surface. This metal cylinder may with advantage revoIve between two counter-rolls having smooth surfaces, namely an upper pressing roll and a low~r counter-roll~ Preferably, the overall roll unit is equipped ~ - 4 -5~5~
with devices ~or Einely regulating the pressuxe applied to the fabric to be treated as well as the temper~ture of the cylinder. In this way, the pattern to be produced on the nap fabric can be regulated between wide ~imits., In the case of a fibrous nap made up from acrylic or modacrylic fibers, the temperature o~ the metal cylinder is preferab~y bet~Yeen about 170 and 190 . The actual temperature depends upon the density of the fabricp that is the weight per square meter o~ the ~ibrous nap of the nap fabric. An easily modified fabric may be processed at a lower temperature - 4a -i~SSS~
and may also be subjected to a lower pressure by the cylinders. This pressure may be between about 1 to 5 kg/cm2, and its magnitude depends on the density of the fibrous nap. If the fibrous nap contains fibers of non-acrylic materials, such as polyamide fibers or polyester fibers, then the operation should be carried out at a temperature in the range of 190C to the 210C and a pressure of 1 to 5 kg/cm2. Advantageously, the treated fabric is passed through the nip of the metal cylinders which carry out the heat and pressure treatment at a rate of between 2 and 5 metres per minute.
The coloured pattern or designs produced in accord-ance with the invention do not depend upon the reflective characteristics of the fibers in such a way that a bright/dark effect is produced in accordance with varying positions of the nap or curvature of the fibers. Neither is reliance placed on parts of the surface being permanently in relief, although a relief-effect is present in the partly treated product.
After the dyeing process, the product of the present invention is sub~ected to a conventional dressing treatment, that is, it is squeezed in hot water, napped, beaten, dried and/or sheared.
After such final flnishing, the nap surface regains its level, unrelieved form, and exhibits only the desired decorative coloured patterning, for example two-tone effects. In addition, th portions of the nap surface of the nap fabric which have remained light in colour, that is those portions which were subjected to pressure and heat before dyeing and had their ~o~ss~ ~
affini~y for dye~ modified, exhibit a pleasant coloured pattern, which may be similar to a Batik ef~ec~ This phenomenon is attributable to the fact that a three-dimen~ional ~lat structure such as a nap fabric responds to mechanical pressure in a somewhat elastic fashion and, when the invention is carxied into e~fect in practice, the pressure and ~at do not act absolutely uniformly on the nap surface. Instead, di~erences which cannot be accurately prede~ermined occur, which resul~ in an especially interesting random pattern in the end product.
A preferred material for the nap surface comprises acrylic and~or ~odacrylic filaments or fibers, such as those sold under the Trade Marks Dralon, Dolan~and Verel, for examp~e. ~he rear ~ace of the nap ~abric may consist, for example, o~ a woven fabric having warp and wef~ of cot$~n yarn or cotto~ m~xed yaxn, such as co~ton-polyestex mixed yarn, or again o~ pu~ polyester yarn. Other synthetic ~ibres or æynthetic filamen~s such a~ polyester ~ibres or polyamide fibres may also be used ~or the nap sur~ace of the nap fabri~.
The temperature of th~ cylinder used to subject the fabri~ to heat and pressure is determined empirical~y for the partic~lar type of iber us~, as i9 the pressure applied b~ the cyli~der to the fabric. The temperature of the cylinder which has an engraved peripheral sur~ace should desirably be about 185 C in the case of a pile abric ha~ing a weigh~ per ~quars metra of 300-600g and containing acrylic ibres as the ..... ..
sss~
nap material. The pressure which -the cylinder applies to the nap surface of such a fabric should be about 3k~/cm .
The fabric should be passed at a speed of between 2 and 5 meters per minute beneath the cylinder and through the roll unit in which i-t is included. The acrylic fibers of the pile surface may con-tain, in this example, at least 85~ of polymerised acrylonitrile.
Nap goods pre-treated using the process provided by this invention with heat and pressure may be dyed using 1~ the usual piece dyeing techniques, for example with the aid of a spool pad, or by means of a continuously operating dyeing machine or by star dyeing utilising the usual cationic dyes for acrylic fibres.
If the nap surface of the nap fabric contains fibers of non-acrylic materials such as polyamide or polyester fibers, then the dyes usually employed to treat such fibers (such as anionic dyes or dispersion dyes~ should be utilised for the dyeing operation.
Nap fakric or nap goods in the context of this specification are to be understood to include three-dimensional flat structures possessing a fibrous nap and produced by the known techniques of weaving, knitting, crocheting, tufting or stitching, for example. Nap materials are understood to include pile materials of all types, the pile or pile surface of which possesses an affinity for dyes which can be varied in accordance with this invention.
`-- ~0~55S~3 ~ n the claims hereo~, the e~pression "synthetic `~ibers" in~ludes synthetic filaments, and "acrylic" ~iber~
includes modacrylic f iber~ .
. The invention will now be described in greater dekail with reerence to the accompanying drawing~, in which:-Figure 1 is a perspectiv~ , diagral~matic view o~ a continuousl~ operating plant for producing a pattern . upon the nap of a web of nap fabric;
Figure ~ is a perspecti~e view of a contai.ner for the piece dyeing o à pretreated nap fabric web, Figur~ 3 to 6 are sections through portions of the web shown in Figure 1, in the regions 3, 4, 5 and 6 respectively, ; but to a greatly enlarged scale, Figure 7 is a plan view of a.ragment of the web, taken in the direction of arrow 7 in Figure lo Figure 8 shows.one o~ the end supports of the roll stand in which the engraved cylinder is supportea showing : the mechanism ~or finely adjusting the pressuxe exerted upon ` . . the nap ~a~ric web, and Figure 9 i~ an axial section through the engraved . cylinder showlng a heating bar or heating the cyli~der ;~ internally.
Re~erring to Figure l, a nap fabric web 1 is fed continuously through a roll unit 8, a dyeing unit 9 and a after treatment de~ice 10. The web 1 enters the roll s~and : ' '.,.
;5~i58 d undyed and, after being treated with a single dye in the unit 9, leaves the after-trea-tment unit 10 as a nap fabric web having a patterned nap as shown in Figure 7.
The roll unit 8 comprises a stand 11 in which is journalled without provision for adjustment a lower or counter-roll 12 over which the web 1 runs. Journalled in the stand above the roll 12 is a cylinder 14 of metal, for example brass, with a relief-like engra~ved peripheral surface 13. Above the cylinder 14 is journalled a pressing roll 15. The cylinder 14 and pressing roll 15 are journalled in bearing blocks 16, 17 respectively, which are vertically slidable in elongate holes 18, 19, respectively, in side frames of the stand 11, in order to permit the cylinder 14 to be pressed by the pressing roll 15 against the counter-roll 12. The pressure applied to the cylinder is regulated by means of spindles 20, located one on each side of the stand 11, but only one of which is shown in Figure 8. Each spindle has a screw and is screwed into an internally threaded bore in a block 21, secured to the stand : 11. The lower end of each spindle 2~ is retained in the bear-ing block 17, situated at the associated end of the stand, of the pressure roll 15, so that the bearing klock 17 is constrained ' to follow the upward and downward movements of the spindle 20.
The spindle 20 is equipped with a hand wheel 22 to enable it to be rotated manually, but it is also possible to drive ~he spindle by other means, such as a motor, in order to adjust the pressure.
;sss~
The cylinder 14 is removable from the stand 11, so that it may be replaced with a cylinder having a different diameter and engraved with a different pa-tte:rn 13 in order to enable nap fabrics possessing various patterns to be produced.
The cylinder 14 contains a chamber 23, extending right through it, as shown in Figure 9. A heating element 24, which is subdivided into three sections 25, 26 and 27, is inserted into this chamber 23 from one end, the sections 25 and 26 serving to heat the edge regions and the section 27 the middle region of the cylinder 14. The latter region e~tends over the greater part of the cylinder. The element 24 is connected to a control box 28 comprising three temperature regulating elements 29, 30 and 31 of known construction, which can be adjusted to set the temperature of.the sections 25, 26 and 27 respectively of the heating element. If it is desired to change the cylinder 14, the element 24 is withdrawn - first.
The pressing roll 15 and counter~roll 12 have smooth surfaces and therefore cannot damage the engraved surface of the cylinder 14.
The dyeing unit 9 contains, in a frame 32, a container 33 filled with dye, a change-direction roll 34 mounted above the container and an immersion roll 35 journalled in the container 33. Squeezing rolls 36 and 37 are rotatably mounted downstream of the dyeing container 33.
The finishing of the web takes place in the after-; treatment device 10 comprising, in a frame 39, a bath 40~
above which is located a change-direction roll 41. The web is heated in this bath, and then treated on its surface with a scraper roll 43, in order to lift the dyed fibers of the nap. Opposite to the scraper roll is disposed a counter roll, not shown, over which the web 1 is led out of the bath 40. Instead of treating a web continuously, as shown in Figure 1, the dyeing and finishing of a web pretreated in the roll stand 8 may be carried out by piece-dyeing in an immersion vessel 43, in which the pretreated web sheet 1 is immersed after being rolled onto a star 44, which is moved up and down in the vessel. The immersion vessel 43 is filled with the desired dye.
Figures 3 to 6 serve to illustrate the individual steps of the treatment. Thus, Figure 3 shows the pile fabric sheet 1 before any treatment has taken place, so that the pile or nap 2 cbnsists of a large number of thermoplastics ; synthetic fibers which are of equal length and substantially parallel to one another. Figure 4 shows the web 1, after its pile 2, has been treated by means of the heated, metal cylinder 14, and has had depressions 45 produced in it, in accordance with the engraved pattern 13 of the cylinder 14.
In the drawir.g, these depressions have been illustrated by a shortening of the separate fibers, but in reality the fibers have been pressed down by differing amounts onto the base weave 46.
Figuxe 5 shows the pile fabric 1, after it has been dyed in a dye bath. It can be seen that the fibers of ~)6555E~
~he pile 2 have absorbed the dye by differing amounts, depending upon how intensely these fibers have been pressed down by the - engraved cylinder 1~, that is the more intensely pressed~down ,fibers absorb less dye than those pressed down to a lesser extent or those other fibers which have not been pressed down at all.
AEter the final finishing of the goods, where again heat is used and thus the thermoplastics fibers of the pile are again heated into the thermoplastic range, the fibers initially pressed down by the cylinder 14 have again been raised, so that the pile 2 again stands up uniformly as in the Gase of the untreated web shown in Figure 3. However, the pile
- , .
~ . .
`
Various techniques are already known ~or producing coloured pa~t~rn~ or designs on ~ap or pile .
abrics~ Thus, for example, the ~ac~uard weaving process may be employed to i~terwea~e differen~ yarns or undyed yarns ha~e differing a~ini~ies ~o~ dyes subsequently applied, so tha~ a two-~one e~ec~ is produced during ,; the dyeingstage.
It is also possible for two tone effects to be produced by printing nap abrics with paste dye with ~or without the addition o~ chemical swelling agents. Also ~ a previously ~yed nap fabric, having a nap consisting o~
.~ . . .
acrylic fi~exs, may be printed with contra~t-forming agents ~, .
. ..
~ '~ ' ' . ' .
~, .
.
ss~
such as ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate, the fabric being subjected after drying to an electropolishing process.
These known methods for giving a nap fabric a two-tone effect are however very unsatisfactory from the practical point of view, being time consuming and requiring expensive e~uipment.
An object of this invention is to provide a process for the production of coloured patterns or designs on nap or pile fabrics, which is technically simple.
A further object of the invention is to provide a dyed nap fabric having a two-tone pattern thereon.
The invention is based upon my discovery that nap fabric piece goods, which have a nap consisting entirely or partly of synthetic filaments or synthetic fibers such as acrylic and/or modacrylic filaments or fibers may be caused to absorb dye in a non-uniform manner if selected regions are previously subjected to pressure and heat. This effect stems from the fact that the absorption capacity of the fibrous nap of the nap surface for dyes diminishes drastically in the selected regions.
Accordingly, the invention provides a process in whlch the nap of the nap fabric is subjected briefly to pressure and heat before dyeingr in a manner which modifies the affinity to dye of the synthetic fibers or filaments, i5558 aftcr whicl- the nap fa~ric is dyed and ~inished in the usual malmor. In consequence thenap ~ay be so pretreAted, b~ore dyeing, that its fibers absorb dyes in a differential manner according to a predetermined design, whereby decorative coloured patterns, such as a figurative two-tone effect, form durin~ the s~bsequent dyeing o the nap fabrics. The dyeing operation may be performed as piece dyeing, for ~xample, and subsequent final finishing may be carried out in the conventional manner.
More specifically, the invention consists of a method of producing a pattern upon the nap of a nap fabric, the nap consisting at least partly of synthetic fibers, comprising subjecting at least one region of the nap to pressure and heat so as to modify the absorption capacity of the synthetic fibres in said region, dyeing the fabric, and finishing the fabric in such a manner that all the fibers have substantially the same length.
The invention also consists of a nap fabric comprising a base material and a nap including fibers formed at least partly from a synthetic material, the nap including at least one region in which the fibers have a heat and pressure induced modified dye absorption capacity, wherein all the fibers have substantially the same length.
In order to restrict the heat and pressure treatment of the nap surface to preselected regions in accordance with the design to be produced, use is preferably made of a metal cylinder or roll ~hich can be heated to a precise temperature and has a relief-like engraved surface. This metal cylinder may with advantage revoIve between two counter-rolls having smooth surfaces, namely an upper pressing roll and a low~r counter-roll~ Preferably, the overall roll unit is equipped ~ - 4 -5~5~
with devices ~or Einely regulating the pressuxe applied to the fabric to be treated as well as the temper~ture of the cylinder. In this way, the pattern to be produced on the nap fabric can be regulated between wide ~imits., In the case of a fibrous nap made up from acrylic or modacrylic fibers, the temperature o~ the metal cylinder is preferab~y bet~Yeen about 170 and 190 . The actual temperature depends upon the density of the fabricp that is the weight per square meter o~ the ~ibrous nap of the nap fabric. An easily modified fabric may be processed at a lower temperature - 4a -i~SSS~
and may also be subjected to a lower pressure by the cylinders. This pressure may be between about 1 to 5 kg/cm2, and its magnitude depends on the density of the fibrous nap. If the fibrous nap contains fibers of non-acrylic materials, such as polyamide fibers or polyester fibers, then the operation should be carried out at a temperature in the range of 190C to the 210C and a pressure of 1 to 5 kg/cm2. Advantageously, the treated fabric is passed through the nip of the metal cylinders which carry out the heat and pressure treatment at a rate of between 2 and 5 metres per minute.
The coloured pattern or designs produced in accord-ance with the invention do not depend upon the reflective characteristics of the fibers in such a way that a bright/dark effect is produced in accordance with varying positions of the nap or curvature of the fibers. Neither is reliance placed on parts of the surface being permanently in relief, although a relief-effect is present in the partly treated product.
After the dyeing process, the product of the present invention is sub~ected to a conventional dressing treatment, that is, it is squeezed in hot water, napped, beaten, dried and/or sheared.
After such final flnishing, the nap surface regains its level, unrelieved form, and exhibits only the desired decorative coloured patterning, for example two-tone effects. In addition, th portions of the nap surface of the nap fabric which have remained light in colour, that is those portions which were subjected to pressure and heat before dyeing and had their ~o~ss~ ~
affini~y for dye~ modified, exhibit a pleasant coloured pattern, which may be similar to a Batik ef~ec~ This phenomenon is attributable to the fact that a three-dimen~ional ~lat structure such as a nap fabric responds to mechanical pressure in a somewhat elastic fashion and, when the invention is carxied into e~fect in practice, the pressure and ~at do not act absolutely uniformly on the nap surface. Instead, di~erences which cannot be accurately prede~ermined occur, which resul~ in an especially interesting random pattern in the end product.
A preferred material for the nap surface comprises acrylic and~or ~odacrylic filaments or fibers, such as those sold under the Trade Marks Dralon, Dolan~and Verel, for examp~e. ~he rear ~ace of the nap ~abric may consist, for example, o~ a woven fabric having warp and wef~ of cot$~n yarn or cotto~ m~xed yaxn, such as co~ton-polyestex mixed yarn, or again o~ pu~ polyester yarn. Other synthetic ~ibres or æynthetic filamen~s such a~ polyester ~ibres or polyamide fibres may also be used ~or the nap sur~ace of the nap fabri~.
The temperature of th~ cylinder used to subject the fabri~ to heat and pressure is determined empirical~y for the partic~lar type of iber us~, as i9 the pressure applied b~ the cyli~der to the fabric. The temperature of the cylinder which has an engraved peripheral sur~ace should desirably be about 185 C in the case of a pile abric ha~ing a weigh~ per ~quars metra of 300-600g and containing acrylic ibres as the ..... ..
sss~
nap material. The pressure which -the cylinder applies to the nap surface of such a fabric should be about 3k~/cm .
The fabric should be passed at a speed of between 2 and 5 meters per minute beneath the cylinder and through the roll unit in which i-t is included. The acrylic fibers of the pile surface may con-tain, in this example, at least 85~ of polymerised acrylonitrile.
Nap goods pre-treated using the process provided by this invention with heat and pressure may be dyed using 1~ the usual piece dyeing techniques, for example with the aid of a spool pad, or by means of a continuously operating dyeing machine or by star dyeing utilising the usual cationic dyes for acrylic fibres.
If the nap surface of the nap fabric contains fibers of non-acrylic materials such as polyamide or polyester fibers, then the dyes usually employed to treat such fibers (such as anionic dyes or dispersion dyes~ should be utilised for the dyeing operation.
Nap fakric or nap goods in the context of this specification are to be understood to include three-dimensional flat structures possessing a fibrous nap and produced by the known techniques of weaving, knitting, crocheting, tufting or stitching, for example. Nap materials are understood to include pile materials of all types, the pile or pile surface of which possesses an affinity for dyes which can be varied in accordance with this invention.
`-- ~0~55S~3 ~ n the claims hereo~, the e~pression "synthetic `~ibers" in~ludes synthetic filaments, and "acrylic" ~iber~
includes modacrylic f iber~ .
. The invention will now be described in greater dekail with reerence to the accompanying drawing~, in which:-Figure 1 is a perspectiv~ , diagral~matic view o~ a continuousl~ operating plant for producing a pattern . upon the nap of a web of nap fabric;
Figure ~ is a perspecti~e view of a contai.ner for the piece dyeing o à pretreated nap fabric web, Figur~ 3 to 6 are sections through portions of the web shown in Figure 1, in the regions 3, 4, 5 and 6 respectively, ; but to a greatly enlarged scale, Figure 7 is a plan view of a.ragment of the web, taken in the direction of arrow 7 in Figure lo Figure 8 shows.one o~ the end supports of the roll stand in which the engraved cylinder is supportea showing : the mechanism ~or finely adjusting the pressuxe exerted upon ` . . the nap ~a~ric web, and Figure 9 i~ an axial section through the engraved . cylinder showlng a heating bar or heating the cyli~der ;~ internally.
Re~erring to Figure l, a nap fabric web 1 is fed continuously through a roll unit 8, a dyeing unit 9 and a after treatment de~ice 10. The web 1 enters the roll s~and : ' '.,.
;5~i58 d undyed and, after being treated with a single dye in the unit 9, leaves the after-trea-tment unit 10 as a nap fabric web having a patterned nap as shown in Figure 7.
The roll unit 8 comprises a stand 11 in which is journalled without provision for adjustment a lower or counter-roll 12 over which the web 1 runs. Journalled in the stand above the roll 12 is a cylinder 14 of metal, for example brass, with a relief-like engra~ved peripheral surface 13. Above the cylinder 14 is journalled a pressing roll 15. The cylinder 14 and pressing roll 15 are journalled in bearing blocks 16, 17 respectively, which are vertically slidable in elongate holes 18, 19, respectively, in side frames of the stand 11, in order to permit the cylinder 14 to be pressed by the pressing roll 15 against the counter-roll 12. The pressure applied to the cylinder is regulated by means of spindles 20, located one on each side of the stand 11, but only one of which is shown in Figure 8. Each spindle has a screw and is screwed into an internally threaded bore in a block 21, secured to the stand : 11. The lower end of each spindle 2~ is retained in the bear-ing block 17, situated at the associated end of the stand, of the pressure roll 15, so that the bearing klock 17 is constrained ' to follow the upward and downward movements of the spindle 20.
The spindle 20 is equipped with a hand wheel 22 to enable it to be rotated manually, but it is also possible to drive ~he spindle by other means, such as a motor, in order to adjust the pressure.
;sss~
The cylinder 14 is removable from the stand 11, so that it may be replaced with a cylinder having a different diameter and engraved with a different pa-tte:rn 13 in order to enable nap fabrics possessing various patterns to be produced.
The cylinder 14 contains a chamber 23, extending right through it, as shown in Figure 9. A heating element 24, which is subdivided into three sections 25, 26 and 27, is inserted into this chamber 23 from one end, the sections 25 and 26 serving to heat the edge regions and the section 27 the middle region of the cylinder 14. The latter region e~tends over the greater part of the cylinder. The element 24 is connected to a control box 28 comprising three temperature regulating elements 29, 30 and 31 of known construction, which can be adjusted to set the temperature of.the sections 25, 26 and 27 respectively of the heating element. If it is desired to change the cylinder 14, the element 24 is withdrawn - first.
The pressing roll 15 and counter~roll 12 have smooth surfaces and therefore cannot damage the engraved surface of the cylinder 14.
The dyeing unit 9 contains, in a frame 32, a container 33 filled with dye, a change-direction roll 34 mounted above the container and an immersion roll 35 journalled in the container 33. Squeezing rolls 36 and 37 are rotatably mounted downstream of the dyeing container 33.
The finishing of the web takes place in the after-; treatment device 10 comprising, in a frame 39, a bath 40~
above which is located a change-direction roll 41. The web is heated in this bath, and then treated on its surface with a scraper roll 43, in order to lift the dyed fibers of the nap. Opposite to the scraper roll is disposed a counter roll, not shown, over which the web 1 is led out of the bath 40. Instead of treating a web continuously, as shown in Figure 1, the dyeing and finishing of a web pretreated in the roll stand 8 may be carried out by piece-dyeing in an immersion vessel 43, in which the pretreated web sheet 1 is immersed after being rolled onto a star 44, which is moved up and down in the vessel. The immersion vessel 43 is filled with the desired dye.
Figures 3 to 6 serve to illustrate the individual steps of the treatment. Thus, Figure 3 shows the pile fabric sheet 1 before any treatment has taken place, so that the pile or nap 2 cbnsists of a large number of thermoplastics ; synthetic fibers which are of equal length and substantially parallel to one another. Figure 4 shows the web 1, after its pile 2, has been treated by means of the heated, metal cylinder 14, and has had depressions 45 produced in it, in accordance with the engraved pattern 13 of the cylinder 14.
In the drawir.g, these depressions have been illustrated by a shortening of the separate fibers, but in reality the fibers have been pressed down by differing amounts onto the base weave 46.
Figuxe 5 shows the pile fabric 1, after it has been dyed in a dye bath. It can be seen that the fibers of ~)6555E~
~he pile 2 have absorbed the dye by differing amounts, depending upon how intensely these fibers have been pressed down by the - engraved cylinder 1~, that is the more intensely pressed~down ,fibers absorb less dye than those pressed down to a lesser extent or those other fibers which have not been pressed down at all.
AEter the final finishing of the goods, where again heat is used and thus the thermoplastics fibers of the pile are again heated into the thermoplastic range, the fibers initially pressed down by the cylinder 14 have again been raised, so that the pile 2 again stands up uniformly as in the Gase of the untreated web shown in Figure 3. However, the pile
2 now possesses differently dyed zones 47, 48 and 49, the liyhtest zones 47 being situated where the pile fibers were most'pressed down by the cylinder 14, whereas the darkest zones 49 are located where the pile fibers were virtually untouched by the cylinder 14~ The zones 48:are situated where the pile fibers have been pressed down to a medium depth.
If the surface of the finished web appears uneven, the web may be subjected to a shearing operation.
If the surface of the finished web appears uneven, the web may be subjected to a shearing operation.
Claims (10)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method of producing a pattern upon the nap of a nap fabric, the nap consisting at least partly of synthetic fibers, comprising subjecting at least one region of the nap to pressure and heat so as to modify the absorption capacity of the synthetic fibres in said region, dyeing the fabric, and finishing the fabric in such a manner that all the fibers have substantially the same length.
2. A method according to claim 1, in which heat and pressure are applied to the nap in accordance with a design to be produced on the nap.
3. A method according to claim 2, in which heat and pressure are applied to the nap by means of a metal cylinder having an engraved peripheral surface,
4. A method according to claim 3, in which the cylinder revolves between a pressure roll and a counter roll, and the pressure and temperature applied by the said rolls to the fabric are finely adjusted by devices associated with the roll unit.
5. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the nap includes fibers of an acrylic material, and is subjected to a pressure of between 1 and 5kg/cm2, and a temperature of between 170°C and 190°C, and the fabric is processed at a rate of between 2 and 5 meters per minute.
6. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the material of the nap is selected from polyamide and polyester fibers, and the nap is subjected to a temperature of between 190°C and 210°C and pressure of between 1 and 5 kg/cm2, the fabric being processed at a rate between 2 and 5 meters per minute.
7. A nap fabric comprising a base material and a nap including fibers formed at least partly from a synthetic material, the nap including at least one region in which the fibers have a heat and pressure induced modified dye absorption capacity, wherein all the fibers have substantially the same length.
8. A nap fabric according to claim 7, wherein the dye absorbed by fibers in the said region exhibits a Batik-like effect.
9. A method for producing a pattern of color intensity variation upon the nap of a nap fabric comprising the steps of:
(a) selecting in a first selecting step, a nap fabric comprised at least partly of acrylic material; and (b) selecting in a second selecting step, a desired pattern of color intensity variation for said fibric; the improvement characterized by (c) reducing the dye absorption capacity of portions of said nap by applying pressure within the range of between about l and 5 kilograms per square centimeter and heat at a temperature within the range of between about 170°C and 190°C
to portions thereof according to said second selecting step;
(d) said reducing step being carried out by passing said fabric over a heated metal cylinder engraved according to said second selecting step;
(e) passing said fabric from said first selecting step through a dye bath wherein dye is absorbed according to said second selecting step; and (f) finishing the said dyed fabric in a conventional manner.
(a) selecting in a first selecting step, a nap fabric comprised at least partly of acrylic material; and (b) selecting in a second selecting step, a desired pattern of color intensity variation for said fibric; the improvement characterized by (c) reducing the dye absorption capacity of portions of said nap by applying pressure within the range of between about l and 5 kilograms per square centimeter and heat at a temperature within the range of between about 170°C and 190°C
to portions thereof according to said second selecting step;
(d) said reducing step being carried out by passing said fabric over a heated metal cylinder engraved according to said second selecting step;
(e) passing said fabric from said first selecting step through a dye bath wherein dye is absorbed according to said second selecting step; and (f) finishing the said dyed fabric in a conventional manner.
10. A nap fabric with a pattern of color intensity variation on the nap thereof, said fabric produced by the method of (a) selecting in a first selecting step, a nap fabric comprised at least partly of acrylic material; and (b) selecting in a second selecting step, a desired pattern of color intensity variation for said fabric web; the improvement characterized by (c) reducing the dye absorption capacity of portions of said nap by applying pressure within the range of between about 1 and 5 kilograms per square centimeter and heat at a temperature within the range of between about 170°C and 190°C
to portions thereof according to said second selecting step;
(d) said reducing step being carried out by passing said fabric over a heated metal cylinder engraved according to said second selecting step;
(e) passing said fabric from said first selecting step through a dye bath wherein dye is absorbed according to said second selecting step; and (f) finishing the said dyed fabric in a conventional manner.
to portions thereof according to said second selecting step;
(d) said reducing step being carried out by passing said fabric over a heated metal cylinder engraved according to said second selecting step;
(e) passing said fabric from said first selecting step through a dye bath wherein dye is absorbed according to said second selecting step; and (f) finishing the said dyed fabric in a conventional manner.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19742451806 DE2451806B2 (en) | 1974-10-31 | 1974-10-31 | PROCESS FOR CREATING COLOR PATTERN EFFECTS ON PILOTS |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1065558A true CA1065558A (en) | 1979-11-06 |
Family
ID=5929736
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA238,460A Expired CA1065558A (en) | 1974-10-31 | 1975-10-28 | Method of producing coloured patterns on the nap of nap fabrics |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE830937A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1065558A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2451806B2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2289667A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1496555A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4236286A (en) * | 1978-06-01 | 1980-12-02 | Borg Textile Corporation | Manufacture of knitted synthetic fur fabric |
| NL190420C (en) * | 1983-03-28 | 1994-02-16 | Milliken Res Corp | Method for patterning the surface of a textile substrate as well as textile substrate. |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1076355A (en) * | 1952-03-29 | 1954-10-26 | Raduner & Co Ag | Finishing process of a fully synthetic thermoplastic material |
-
1974
- 1974-10-31 DE DE19742451806 patent/DE2451806B2/en active Granted
-
1975
- 1975-07-03 BE BE2054438A patent/BE830937A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-07-23 FR FR7522983A patent/FR2289667A1/en active Granted
- 1975-10-28 CA CA238,460A patent/CA1065558A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-10-29 GB GB4466675A patent/GB1496555A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2289667B1 (en) | 1979-05-11 |
| DE2451806B2 (en) | 1976-10-28 |
| FR2289667A1 (en) | 1976-05-28 |
| BE830937A (en) | 1975-11-03 |
| DE2451806A1 (en) | 1976-05-13 |
| GB1496555A (en) | 1977-12-30 |
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