CA1062855A - Oxidation of vat and sulfur dyes with vanadate activated bromate or iodate - Google Patents
Oxidation of vat and sulfur dyes with vanadate activated bromate or iodateInfo
- Publication number
- CA1062855A CA1062855A CA225,163A CA225163A CA1062855A CA 1062855 A CA1062855 A CA 1062855A CA 225163 A CA225163 A CA 225163A CA 1062855 A CA1062855 A CA 1062855A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- vat
- vanadate
- sodium
- oxidation
- dye
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000988 sulfur dye Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000000984 vat dye Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodate Chemical compound [O-]I(=O)=O ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title description 25
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title description 25
- -1 vanadate activated bromate Chemical class 0.000 title description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;oxido(dioxo)vanadium Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-][V](=O)=O UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- BEOODBYKENEKIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;bromate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]Br(=O)=O BEOODBYKENEKIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015281 sodium iodate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011697 sodium iodate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940032753 sodium iodate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- XWNSFEAWWGGSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-acetyl-4-methylheptanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CCCC(C)(C(=O)C)CCC#N XWNSFEAWWGGSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004153 Potassium bromate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229940094037 potassium bromate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019396 potassium bromate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- JLKDVMWYMMLWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]I(=O)=O JLKDVMWYMMLWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001230 potassium iodate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000006666 potassium iodate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229940093930 potassium iodate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 12
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromate Inorganic materials [O-]Br(=O)=O SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodic acid Chemical class OI(=O)=O ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 7
- UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chlorite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl=O UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 229960002218 sodium chlorite Drugs 0.000 description 5
- CMZUMMUJMWNLFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metavanadate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][V](=O)=O CMZUMMUJMWNLFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000166 zirconium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- NYCVSSWORUBFET-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;bromite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Br=O NYCVSSWORUBFET-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- JHWIEAWILPSRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-3-pyrimidin-4-ylpropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)CC1=CC=NC=N1 JHWIEAWILPSRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- XUXNAKZDHHEHPC-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Br(=O)=O XUXNAKZDHHEHPC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NDDLLTAIKYHPOD-ISLYRVAYSA-N (2e)-6-chloro-2-(6-chloro-4-methyl-3-oxo-1-benzothiophen-2-ylidene)-4-methyl-1-benzothiophen-3-one Chemical compound S/1C2=CC(Cl)=CC(C)=C2C(=O)C\1=C1/SC(C=C(Cl)C=C2C)=C2C1=O NDDLLTAIKYHPOD-ISLYRVAYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KGZMABLDPNAGFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,4-n-bis(5-benzamido-9,10-dioxoanthracen-1-yl)benzene-1,4-dicarboxamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)NC(C=1C(=O)C2=CC=C3)=CC=CC=1C(=O)C2=C3NC(=O)C(C=C1)=CC=C1C(=O)NC(C=1C(=O)C2=CC=C3)=CC=CC=1C(=O)C2=C3NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KGZMABLDPNAGFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical class [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZRDJERPXCFOFCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;iodic acid Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]I(=O)=O ZRDJERPXCFOFCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical class OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- QTWZICCBKBYHDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N leucomethylene blue Chemical compound C1=C(N(C)C)C=C2SC3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3NC2=C1 QTWZICCBKBYHDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- NALMPLUMOWIVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n,4-trimethylbenzeneamine oxide Chemical compound CC1=CC=C([N+](C)(C)[O-])C=C1 NALMPLUMOWIVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000009974 package dyeing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JXUKQCUPTNLTCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N vat green 1 Chemical compound C1=CC=C[C]2C(=O)C(C3=C45)=CC=C4C(C4=C67)=CC=C7C(=O)[C]7C=CC=CC7=C6C=C(OC)C4=C5C(OC)=CC3=C21 JXUKQCUPTNLTCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YKSGNOMLAIJTLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N violanthrone Chemical compound C12=C3C4=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C1=CC=C3C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=C4C1=C32 YKSGNOMLAIJTLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PGYZAKRTYUHXRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,10-dinitro-12h-[1,4]benzothiazino[3,2-b]phenothiazin-3-one Chemical compound S1C2=CC(=O)C([N+]([O-])=O)=CC2=NC2=C1C=C1SC3=CC=C([N+](=O)[O-])C=C3NC1=C2 PGYZAKRTYUHXRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZSLDJBBPHUGJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2379-78-4 Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC(C(C2=C3NC4=5)=O)=C1C(=O)C2=CC=C3C4=CC=C(C(C1=2)=O)C=5C(=O)C1=CC=CC=2NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WZSLDJBBPHUGJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORWQBKPSGDRPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[2-[ethyl(methyl)amino]ethyl]-1h-indol-4-ol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=C2C(CCN(C)CC)=CNC2=C1 ORWQBKPSGDRPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002972 Acrylic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006397 acrylic thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KLCBMAACUWYFIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']diacridine-6,9,15,18(5h,14h)-tetrone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=C4C(=O)C5=C(NC=6C(=CC=CC=6)C6=O)C6=CC=C5C(=O)C4=C3NC2=C1 KLCBMAACUWYFIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromic acid Chemical compound OBr(=O)=O SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010014 continuous dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium dithionite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
- D06P1/673—Inorganic compounds
- D06P1/67333—Salts or hydroxides
- D06P1/6735—Salts or hydroxides of alkaline or alkaline-earth metals with anions different from those provided for in D06P1/67341
- D06P1/67358—Halides or oxyhalides
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/22—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using vat dyestuffs including indigo
- D06P1/222—Oxidising agents
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
- D06P3/34—Material containing ester groups
- D06P3/52—Polyesters
- D06P3/523—Polyesters using vat or sulfur dyes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
- D06P3/70—Material containing nitrile groups
- D06P3/701—Material containing nitrile groups using vat or sulfur dyes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Coloring (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/468,703 US3944382A (en) | 1974-05-10 | 1974-05-10 | Oxidation of vat and sulfur dyes with vanadate activated bromate or iodate |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1062855A true CA1062855A (en) | 1979-09-25 |
Family
ID=23860892
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA225,163A Expired CA1062855A (en) | 1974-05-10 | 1975-04-22 | Oxidation of vat and sulfur dyes with vanadate activated bromate or iodate |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3944382A (OSRAM) |
| JP (1) | JPS5338788B2 (OSRAM) |
| BR (1) | BR7502761A (OSRAM) |
| CA (1) | CA1062855A (OSRAM) |
| ES (1) | ES436987A1 (OSRAM) |
| FR (1) | FR2270366B1 (OSRAM) |
| GB (1) | GB1473046A (OSRAM) |
| HK (1) | HK14479A (OSRAM) |
| IT (1) | IT1035605B (OSRAM) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4202662A (en) * | 1974-04-03 | 1980-05-13 | Robert Boucher | Photographic printing process, and composition and device for use therein |
| US4042319A (en) * | 1976-10-12 | 1977-08-16 | Kewanee Industries | Dye-bath oxidants |
| JPS587754B2 (ja) * | 1976-12-02 | 1983-02-12 | 伊勢化学工業株式会社 | 繊維の染色方法 |
| US4321054A (en) * | 1980-04-01 | 1982-03-23 | The Dow Chemical Company | Oxidizing medium for dyes |
| US4401435A (en) * | 1980-04-14 | 1983-08-30 | The Dow Chemical Co. | Oxidizing medium for dyes |
| US4469617A (en) * | 1980-04-14 | 1984-09-04 | The Dow Chemical Company | Oxidizing medium for dyes |
| FR2498215A1 (fr) * | 1981-01-19 | 1982-07-23 | Protex Manuf Prod Chimiq | Procede d'oxydation et de fixation simultanees des teintures realisees sur fibres cellulosiques avec des colorants au soufre |
| JPS58153813A (ja) * | 1982-03-09 | 1983-09-13 | Penta Ocean Constr Co Ltd | サンドドレ−ン工法 |
| FR2526456A1 (fr) * | 1982-05-07 | 1983-11-10 | Protex Manuf Prod Chimiq | Procede d'oxydation et de fixation a l'aide de chlorites des teintures realisees par application, sous forme reduite, de colorants de cuve ou de colorants au soufre |
| EP0121227B1 (de) * | 1983-04-02 | 1987-01-07 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Reoxidation von Färbungen mit Schwefelfarbstoffen |
| JPS6121218A (ja) * | 1984-07-09 | 1986-01-29 | Fujita Corp | 地盤改良工法 |
| US5647875A (en) * | 1994-12-02 | 1997-07-15 | Clariant Finance (Bvi) Limited | Method for producing a color effect on textile material |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2382188A (en) * | 1943-02-04 | 1945-08-14 | Mathieson Alkali Works Inc | Oxidation of vat and sulphur dyes |
| GB657273A (en) | 1948-02-25 | 1951-09-12 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Method of printing with sulfuric acid esters of leuco vat dyes of the anthraquinone series |
| US3775047A (en) * | 1971-07-06 | 1973-11-27 | Martin Marietta Corp | Oxidizing sulfur dyes on cellulose with sodium iodate or potassium iodate |
-
1974
- 1974-05-10 US US05/468,703 patent/US3944382A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1975
- 1975-04-22 CA CA225,163A patent/CA1062855A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-04-25 ES ES436987A patent/ES436987A1/es not_active Expired
- 1975-04-29 GB GB1778175A patent/GB1473046A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-05-02 IT IT49421/75A patent/IT1035605B/it active
- 1975-05-07 BR BR3524/75A patent/BR7502761A/pt unknown
- 1975-05-08 JP JP5534075A patent/JPS5338788B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1975-05-09 FR FR7514602A patent/FR2270366B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-03-22 HK HK144/79A patent/HK14479A/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5129578A (OSRAM) | 1976-03-12 |
| US3944382A (en) | 1976-03-16 |
| IT1035605B (it) | 1979-10-20 |
| BR7502761A (pt) | 1976-03-16 |
| GB1473046A (en) | 1977-05-11 |
| HK14479A (en) | 1979-03-30 |
| FR2270366B1 (OSRAM) | 1979-06-08 |
| JPS5338788B2 (OSRAM) | 1978-10-17 |
| ES436987A1 (es) | 1977-01-01 |
| DE2520724A1 (de) | 1975-11-13 |
| DE2520724B2 (de) | 1976-05-06 |
| FR2270366A1 (OSRAM) | 1975-12-05 |
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