CA1059354A - Papermakers fabrics - Google Patents
Papermakers fabricsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1059354A CA1059354A CA264,431A CA264431A CA1059354A CA 1059354 A CA1059354 A CA 1059354A CA 264431 A CA264431 A CA 264431A CA 1059354 A CA1059354 A CA 1059354A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- yarns
- fabric according
- polyester
- fabric
- formed wholly
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F1/0027—Screen-cloths
- D21F1/0036—Multi-layer screen-cloths
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
- D03D15/283—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads synthetic polymer-based, e.g. polyamide or polyester fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F1/0027—Screen-cloths
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
- D10B2331/04—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET]
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
- Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT The warp and/or the weft of a woven papermakers fabric is made from a combination of polyester monofilament yarns and separate yarns of a different material preferably a more wear resistant material so that the polyester yarns give adequate dimensional stability whilst the other yarns impart a different property, preferably, improved wear resistance.
Description
~5~354 The invention concerns papermakers fabrics, and has more particular reference to what are known in the art as "wet end" fabrics, that is to say drainage fabrics, such as ~ourdrinier wires, intended to support a moisture laden web of cellulosic fibres.
Originally fourdrinier wires comprised structures woven r`
from metal wires, the preferred material of choice being phosphor bronze.
In recent years synthetic yarns have been widely used in the production of papermakers fabrics, including drainage fabrics for the wet end of the papermaking machine, but the inherent characteristics of the synthetic yarns in the context in question has given rise to some difficulties. Thus, in the case o~ polyester yarns, there is the problem o~ wear, whilst in the case of polyamides, there is the difficulty of dimensional instability on account of moisture take-up.
In our British Patent ~o. 1,512,558 we have described the use of a coating to improve the wear resistance of a wet end fabric formed frorn polyester yarns.
It has previously been proposed to overcome the problem of dimensional instability of polyamide yarns, and render such yarns suitable for application in the context of wet end fabrics by applying a resin coating to a multifilament yarn, the polyamide being totally unacceptable in its untreated state.
The object of the present invention is to provide a wet end fabric of adequate wear resistance and dimensional -~
stability without the need to apply a coating for such purposes.
Accordingly, one broad aspect of the invention relates ~ - -to a papermaker's wet end drainage ~abric, which is a woven `
structure having yarns formed wholly from polyester material extending in at least one direction so as to impart dirnensional stability in at least the or each direction in which such yarns -
Originally fourdrinier wires comprised structures woven r`
from metal wires, the preferred material of choice being phosphor bronze.
In recent years synthetic yarns have been widely used in the production of papermakers fabrics, including drainage fabrics for the wet end of the papermaking machine, but the inherent characteristics of the synthetic yarns in the context in question has given rise to some difficulties. Thus, in the case o~ polyester yarns, there is the problem o~ wear, whilst in the case of polyamides, there is the difficulty of dimensional instability on account of moisture take-up.
In our British Patent ~o. 1,512,558 we have described the use of a coating to improve the wear resistance of a wet end fabric formed frorn polyester yarns.
It has previously been proposed to overcome the problem of dimensional instability of polyamide yarns, and render such yarns suitable for application in the context of wet end fabrics by applying a resin coating to a multifilament yarn, the polyamide being totally unacceptable in its untreated state.
The object of the present invention is to provide a wet end fabric of adequate wear resistance and dimensional -~
stability without the need to apply a coating for such purposes.
Accordingly, one broad aspect of the invention relates ~ - -to a papermaker's wet end drainage ~abric, which is a woven `
structure having yarns formed wholly from polyester material extending in at least one direction so as to impart dirnensional stability in at least the or each direction in which such yarns -
- 2 - ~ ~
.
.. ..
935~
extend, characterized in that said woven structure also includes further yarns formed wholly from a synthetic material different from and of greater wear resistance than said polyester material of the first said yarns, said further yarns being separate from ;
and extending in a common dlrection to the first said yarns. t,~ ' Preferably, the further yarns are more wear resistant than the first said yarns and with this arrangement it has been found possible to achieve, unexpectedly, improved wear resistance whilst maintaining dimensional stability without requiring the -yarns to be coated.
The inherent dimensional stability of the polyester yarns is not, as might be expected, offset by any instability of the other yarns.
Preferably the said further yarns constitute no more than 50% of the yarns in the or each direction in which they extend, the remaining yarns in such direction all being the first said yarns, and in particular 50% of the yarns may be the further yarns.
In a particularly preferred embodiment the said further yarns are interposed between the first said yarns, and the said further yarns and the first said yarns may be arranged alternately. ?i Alternatively or additionally the fabric may have at least two layers of`common direction yarns comprising an upper layer of the first said yarns and a lower layer of the said further yarns or vice versa. In particular the upper layer may be formed wholly of the first said yarns and the lower layer o ~-wholly of the further yarns.
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extend, characterized in that said woven structure also includes further yarns formed wholly from a synthetic material different from and of greater wear resistance than said polyester material of the first said yarns, said further yarns being separate from ;
and extending in a common dlrection to the first said yarns. t,~ ' Preferably, the further yarns are more wear resistant than the first said yarns and with this arrangement it has been found possible to achieve, unexpectedly, improved wear resistance whilst maintaining dimensional stability without requiring the -yarns to be coated.
The inherent dimensional stability of the polyester yarns is not, as might be expected, offset by any instability of the other yarns.
Preferably the said further yarns constitute no more than 50% of the yarns in the or each direction in which they extend, the remaining yarns in such direction all being the first said yarns, and in particular 50% of the yarns may be the further yarns.
In a particularly preferred embodiment the said further yarns are interposed between the first said yarns, and the said further yarns and the first said yarns may be arranged alternately. ?i Alternatively or additionally the fabric may have at least two layers of`common direction yarns comprising an upper layer of the first said yarns and a lower layer of the said further yarns or vice versa. In particular the upper layer may be formed wholly of the first said yarns and the lower layer o ~-wholly of the further yarns.
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'- ` 1059354 ,. . .
The first said yarns are dimensionally stable i.
polyester yarns such as are conventionally used in papermakers ..
fabrics, that is yarns formed from polyester of the poly- ~ .
-ethylene teraphthalate kind as sold for example under the .
Trade Mark TERYLENE or TREVIRA. ..
;~.
The further yarns may be any suitable material such as polyamide, polyolefin, polytetrafluoroethylene, or even a .
polyester (such as polybutyl teraphkhalate) having the . ~.:-: - - .
requisite properties. A polyamide, particularly nylon, is I .
10. preferred. ~-Comparative tests between a standard fabric woven .
wholly from monofilament polyester yaxns and an equivalent : ~ .
fabric woven partly from polyester (Terylene) and partly from .~
polyamide yarns (Nylon 6), in accordance with one example . .
embodiment of the present invention, show the increase in wear . ;, resistance to be significant, and so much so that either an ` :~`
equivalent fabric of corresponding drainage characteristics can be provided which has an improved service life, or .~ .
. . ~
: alternatively, a finer fabric of improved drainage .
;? . ' - .
characteristic and a like ser~ice life can be produced. :
,;
In carrying out the tests, the following procedure was .
adopted:- :
A sample forming fabric was held, under tension, in . .
contact with the upper part of the periphery of a disc rotating .
'. ' :.' in a vertical plane, whilst a slurry of a material commonly ;:
used in the papermaking art and having abrasive characteristics ~
was continuously applied to the outer surface of the fabxic. `:-The thickness of the sample was measured initia~ly, and .
again :
.:
'- ` 1059354 ,. . .
The first said yarns are dimensionally stable i.
polyester yarns such as are conventionally used in papermakers ..
fabrics, that is yarns formed from polyester of the poly- ~ .
-ethylene teraphthalate kind as sold for example under the .
Trade Mark TERYLENE or TREVIRA. ..
;~.
The further yarns may be any suitable material such as polyamide, polyolefin, polytetrafluoroethylene, or even a .
polyester (such as polybutyl teraphkhalate) having the . ~.:-: - - .
requisite properties. A polyamide, particularly nylon, is I .
10. preferred. ~-Comparative tests between a standard fabric woven .
wholly from monofilament polyester yaxns and an equivalent : ~ .
fabric woven partly from polyester (Terylene) and partly from .~
polyamide yarns (Nylon 6), in accordance with one example . .
embodiment of the present invention, show the increase in wear . ;, resistance to be significant, and so much so that either an ` :~`
equivalent fabric of corresponding drainage characteristics can be provided which has an improved service life, or .~ .
. . ~
: alternatively, a finer fabric of improved drainage .
;? . ' - .
characteristic and a like ser~ice life can be produced. :
,;
In carrying out the tests, the following procedure was .
adopted:- :
A sample forming fabric was held, under tension, in . .
contact with the upper part of the periphery of a disc rotating .
'. ' :.' in a vertical plane, whilst a slurry of a material commonly ;:
used in the papermaking art and having abrasive characteristics ~
was continuously applied to the outer surface of the fabxic. `:-The thickness of the sample was measured initia~ly, and .
again :
.:
- 4 - ..
. . :, B
` . ~ . . . . j ; .... . ..
~OS9354 . .
.,, after a predetermined time. The disc was rotated at the same ;
speed, the tQnsion applied to the sample xemained constaht and ~;
the slurry was àpplied at a constant rate throughout the tests.
The control sample comprises a woven fabric having ;
monofilament yarns both in machine direction and cross-machine direction, there being 26 machine direction ends and 20 cross-machine direction yarns of monofilament polyester yarns of 0.25mm diameter per centimeter, whilst in the polyester/poly-amide sample the machine direction comprised alternate polyester and polyamide monofilament yarns, the weave structure in~the ,:
two samples being the same. The abrasive material used was calcium carbonate.
The following results were obtained:-Thickness in (mm~
Time in Minutes Control Sample Polyester/polyamide Sc~mple 0 0.55 0.55 40 0.37 0.46 The test rèsults suggest that the wea-r resistance of the fabric having the polyester/polyamide cross-machine direc-tion yarns is improved as compared with the control sample which is wholly of polyester yarns.
It is to be understood that if the machine direction yarns of the fabric is ordinarily to be expected to be subjected to the wear, then the polyester/polyamide combina-tion will be applied to the cross-machine direction yarns rather than to the machine direction yarns.
- In those instances where wear both to yarns in machine direction and cross-machine direction is experienced a `
polyester/polyamide combination will be provided in both direc-tions The invention is, of course, not restricted to alter- ~-- nate machine direction or cross-machine direction of polyester
. . :, B
` . ~ . . . . j ; .... . ..
~OS9354 . .
.,, after a predetermined time. The disc was rotated at the same ;
speed, the tQnsion applied to the sample xemained constaht and ~;
the slurry was àpplied at a constant rate throughout the tests.
The control sample comprises a woven fabric having ;
monofilament yarns both in machine direction and cross-machine direction, there being 26 machine direction ends and 20 cross-machine direction yarns of monofilament polyester yarns of 0.25mm diameter per centimeter, whilst in the polyester/poly-amide sample the machine direction comprised alternate polyester and polyamide monofilament yarns, the weave structure in~the ,:
two samples being the same. The abrasive material used was calcium carbonate.
The following results were obtained:-Thickness in (mm~
Time in Minutes Control Sample Polyester/polyamide Sc~mple 0 0.55 0.55 40 0.37 0.46 The test rèsults suggest that the wea-r resistance of the fabric having the polyester/polyamide cross-machine direc-tion yarns is improved as compared with the control sample which is wholly of polyester yarns.
It is to be understood that if the machine direction yarns of the fabric is ordinarily to be expected to be subjected to the wear, then the polyester/polyamide combina-tion will be applied to the cross-machine direction yarns rather than to the machine direction yarns.
- In those instances where wear both to yarns in machine direction and cross-machine direction is experienced a `
polyester/polyamide combination will be provided in both direc-tions The invention is, of course, not restricted to alter- ~-- nate machine direction or cross-machine direction of polyester
- 5 -;, ' , o593S4 ;~`:
. .
and polyamide yarns, since other fabric structures may well be ..,~ , . ~
of utilisation.
Whilst one preferred arrangement has been described in which there are 50% of said further yarns, in alternative embodiments there may be a different proportion of further yarn~. Thus therè may be up to 60~ further yar~ particularly `~
but not necessarily in the case of a circular weave, and there :.- .. ..
may be more or less than 50~ where this is desirable or necessary due to the weaving pattern used whether circular or '~
lC flat woven.
-,." ~.:
, . .
. ~ . .
'. ~ ' i,.,:
`;'`' ~; ' . ' .
'?' :. ' ' ~' '
. .
and polyamide yarns, since other fabric structures may well be ..,~ , . ~
of utilisation.
Whilst one preferred arrangement has been described in which there are 50% of said further yarns, in alternative embodiments there may be a different proportion of further yarn~. Thus therè may be up to 60~ further yar~ particularly `~
but not necessarily in the case of a circular weave, and there :.- .. ..
may be more or less than 50~ where this is desirable or necessary due to the weaving pattern used whether circular or '~
lC flat woven.
-,." ~.:
, . .
. ~ . .
'. ~ ' i,.,:
`;'`' ~; ' . ' .
'?' :. ' ' ~' '
- 6 - ~
Claims (8)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A papermaker's wet end drainage fabric, which is a woven structure having yarns formed wholly from polyester material extending in at least one direction so as to impart dimensional stability in at least the or each direction in which such yarns extend, characterized in that said woven structure also includes further yarns formed wholly from a synthetic material different from and of greater wear resistance than said polyester material of the first said yarns, said further yarns being separate from and extending in a common direction to the first said yarns.
2. A fabric according to claim 1 wherein the said further yarns constitute no more than 50% of the yarns in the or each direction in which they extend, the remaining yarns in such direction all being the first said yarns.
3. A fabric according to claim 2 wherein 50% of the yarns are the said further yarns.
4. A fabric according to claim 1 wherein the said further yarns are interposed between the first said yarns.
5. A fabric according to claim 4 wherein 50% of the yarns are the said further yarns and wherein the said further yarns and the first said yarns are arranged alternately.
6. A fabric according to claim 1 which has at least two layers of common direction yarns comprising an upper layer of the first said yarns and a lower layer of the said further yarns.
7. A fabric according to claim 6 wherein 50% of the yarns are the said further yarns and wherein the upper layer is formed wholly of the first said yarns and the lower layer is formed wholly of the further yarns.
8. A fabric according to claim 1, wherein the said further yarns are polyamide yarns.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB44800/75A GB1562284A (en) | 1975-10-30 | 1975-10-30 | Papermakers |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1059354A true CA1059354A (en) | 1979-07-31 |
Family
ID=10434805
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA264,431A Expired CA1059354A (en) | 1975-10-30 | 1976-10-29 | Papermakers fabrics |
Country Status (18)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5285503A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT349879B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU498904B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE847837A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7607275A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1059354A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH616469A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2649312A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES452907A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI66040B (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2329799A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1562284A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1068852B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL183202B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO147803B (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ182387A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7612079L (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA766250B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3631245A1 (en) * | 1985-10-24 | 1987-05-07 | Phoenix Ag | FUNDING GOOD |
| JP2723156B2 (en) * | 1988-11-25 | 1998-03-09 | 敷島紡績株式会社 | Dryer canvas for papermaking |
| DE4229828C2 (en) * | 1992-09-07 | 1996-07-04 | Kufferath Andreas Gmbh | Paper machine screen in the form of a composite fabric |
| EP2230352B1 (en) | 2009-03-20 | 2012-10-03 | Heimbach GmbH & Co.KG | Woven fabric band for circulation in a machine |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB810603A (en) * | 1955-09-23 | 1959-03-18 | Scapa Dryers Ltd | Improvements in or relating to papermakers' dryer felts |
| DE1126724B (en) * | 1956-07-03 | 1962-03-29 | Scapa Dryers Ltd | Drying felt for paper machines |
| FR1309607A (en) * | 1961-12-29 | 1962-11-16 | Wire mesh for sieves, more particularly for sieves of papermaking machines | |
| SE324101B (en) * | 1967-01-31 | 1970-05-19 | Nordiska Maskinfilt Ab | |
| GB1207446A (en) * | 1967-02-06 | 1970-09-30 | Albany Felt Co | Dryer felt for paper making machines |
| DE1985196U (en) * | 1967-12-16 | 1968-05-09 | Heimbach Gmbh Thomas Josef | SIEVE BELT. |
| US3603354A (en) * | 1968-04-10 | 1971-09-07 | Huyck Corp | Apparatus for use on papermaking machines |
| DE2502466C3 (en) * | 1975-01-22 | 1985-05-30 | Hermann Wangner Gmbh & Co Kg, 7410 Reutlingen | Interchangeable weft paper machine screen |
| JPS51116210A (en) * | 1975-04-02 | 1976-10-13 | Nippon Filcon Kk | Fabric for paper screen |
-
1975
- 1975-10-30 GB GB44800/75A patent/GB1562284A/en not_active Expired
-
1976
- 1976-10-20 ZA ZA766250A patent/ZA766250B/en unknown
- 1976-10-21 NZ NZ182387A patent/NZ182387A/en unknown
- 1976-10-26 IT IT28718/76A patent/IT1068852B/en active
- 1976-10-26 JP JP12788676A patent/JPS5285503A/en active Pending
- 1976-10-26 AU AU19014/76A patent/AU498904B2/en not_active Expired
- 1976-10-27 CH CH1356876A patent/CH616469A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-10-28 NL NLAANVRAGE7611946,A patent/NL183202B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-10-28 NO NO763679A patent/NO147803B/en unknown
- 1976-10-29 AT AT804876A patent/AT349879B/en active
- 1976-10-29 SE SE7612079A patent/SE7612079L/en unknown
- 1976-10-29 BE BE171963A patent/BE847837A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-10-29 FI FI763099A patent/FI66040B/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-10-29 FR FR7632912A patent/FR2329799A1/en active Granted
- 1976-10-29 BR BR7607275A patent/BR7607275A/en unknown
- 1976-10-29 CA CA264,431A patent/CA1059354A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-10-29 DE DE19762649312 patent/DE2649312A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1976-10-30 ES ES452907A patent/ES452907A1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL183202B (en) | 1988-03-16 |
| BE847837A (en) | 1977-02-14 |
| NZ182387A (en) | 1979-08-31 |
| FR2329799B1 (en) | 1982-02-12 |
| CH616469A5 (en) | 1980-03-31 |
| AU1901476A (en) | 1978-05-04 |
| NO763679L (en) | 1977-05-03 |
| BR7607275A (en) | 1977-09-13 |
| NL7611946A (en) | 1977-05-03 |
| IT1068852B (en) | 1985-03-21 |
| AT349879B (en) | 1979-04-25 |
| ES452907A1 (en) | 1977-10-16 |
| FI66040B (en) | 1984-04-30 |
| FI763099A (en) | 1977-05-01 |
| NO147803B (en) | 1983-03-07 |
| ZA766250B (en) | 1977-07-27 |
| GB1562284A (en) | 1980-03-12 |
| AU498904B2 (en) | 1979-03-29 |
| DE2649312A1 (en) | 1977-05-05 |
| ATA804876A (en) | 1978-09-15 |
| JPS5285503A (en) | 1977-07-15 |
| FR2329799A1 (en) | 1977-05-27 |
| SE7612079L (en) | 1977-05-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 19960731 |