CA1044923A - Ternary calcium-tin-lead alloy - Google Patents
Ternary calcium-tin-lead alloyInfo
- Publication number
- CA1044923A CA1044923A CA222,094A CA222094A CA1044923A CA 1044923 A CA1044923 A CA 1044923A CA 222094 A CA222094 A CA 222094A CA 1044923 A CA1044923 A CA 1044923A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- tin
- lead
- grids
- calcium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- YBOXAZZJNODWJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Pb].[Sn].[Ca] Chemical compound [Pb].[Sn].[Ca] YBOXAZZJNODWJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 229910001174 tin-lead alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000882 Ca alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- NXLOLUFNDSBYTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N retene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=C(C(C)C)C=C3C=CC2=C1C NXLOLUFNDSBYTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/68—Selection of materials for use in lead-acid accumulators
- H01M4/685—Lead alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C11/00—Alloys based on lead
- C22C11/02—Alloys based on lead with an alkali or an alkaline earth metal as the next major constituent
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Ternary lead alloys having from above 0.1 to about 0.20% by weight calcium and from about 0.01 to about 0.50% by weight tin, the percentages being based upon alloy weight. The alloys are particularly suitable for use in grids of conventional and maintenance free lead-acid batteries. Grids of the novel alloys exhibit improved stiffness and handleability and may be cast at commercially acceptable speeds.
Ternary lead alloys having from above 0.1 to about 0.20% by weight calcium and from about 0.01 to about 0.50% by weight tin, the percentages being based upon alloy weight. The alloys are particularly suitable for use in grids of conventional and maintenance free lead-acid batteries. Grids of the novel alloys exhibit improved stiffness and handleability and may be cast at commercially acceptable speeds.
Description
11J~45~'Z~
The present invention xelates to ternary lead base alloys having from above 0.1 to about 0.20% by weight calcium and from about 0.01 to about 0.50% by weight tin, based upon alloy weight.
Copending Canadian Patent Application No~ 209,677 filed September 20, 1974 and assigned to the present applicant, discloses a lead base alloy containing 0.06%-0.10% calcium and 0.10%-0.40~ tin which can be advantageously utilized to form lead-acid battery grids that are particularly useful in the preparation of maintenance free batteries having excellent capacity reten~ion characteristics. head-calcium alloys containing this amount of tin have a remarkably improved resistance to drossing, thus permitting rapid casting and accurate calcium content control. Batteries prepared with grids fabricated from this alloy have unexpectedly improved capacity retention characteristics.
While such alloys do provide suitable materials for forming battery grids, there remains a desire to produce grids which have improved stifness and handleability characteristics and which can be rapidly cast into grids at the rapid speeds used in commercial applications. It would be desirable, for example, to provide an alloy which is capable of being cast into grids at the rate of about 10 to 15 castings/minute.
It is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide an alloy capable of being used to ~orm the grids for lead-acid storage batteries of both the conventional and maintenance free types.
28 Another object provides such an alloy characterized kam:bk by the ability to form gxids having improved sti~fness and handleability characteristics.
A still further object of this invention lies in the provision of an alloy capable of being cast into grids at commercially acceptable speeds.
Yet another and more specific object is to provide an alloy which is capable of being rapidly cast into relatively thin grids.
In brief, the present invention is predicated on the discovery that highly desirable grids can be provided by utiliæing a lead base alloy containing from above 0.1 to about 0;20% by weight calcium and from about 0.01 to about 0.50% by weight tin, the percentages of each of the alloying constituents being based upon the weight of the alloy. Grids formed from such alloys have superior stiffness and handleability charac-teristics, and the grids can be formed at the rate of 10 to 15 castings per minute with no difficulty.
For positive grids it is preferred to maintain the calcium content below about 0.15% by weight of the alloy.
The tin content of the alloy can vary from about 0.01 to about 0.5% by weight of the alloy, but it is preferred to maintain the tin content in the range of from about 0.10 to about 0.35% based upon the weight of the alloy. Tin contents within this range provide the desired performance characteristics for the grids.
The alloys according to the present invention may be cast directly into highly satisfactory grids. In contrast it has been ound that ~rids which are directly cast from ca/~A ~ - 2 -alloys having higher quantities o tin are deficient in certain properties such as instantaneous strength and corrosion re-sistance. For this reason, such alloys are unsuitable for direct casting of battery grids and partiLcularly unsuitable for direct casting of grids for use in maintenance-free batteries.
On the other hand, when the grids are fabricated by - working after casting, a higher level of tin, for example 1~
or so, is preferred to provide desirable grid characteristics.
The alloys used for the grids in accordance with the present invention can contain negligible amounts of im-purities such as are typically found in commercially available .. . . .
, Ca~A - 2a ~
~)449~3 battery grade lead. While impurities may be contained in the other alloying constituents which are used, the relatively smaller amounts of these constituents make the typical impurities less important than those contained in the grade of lead employed. Although ternary alloys are contemplated herein, it should be appreciated that the alloys of the present invention can include other ingredients so long as the~ do not significantly adversely affect the desirable features attributable to the present invention.
The alloys descrLbed herein may be produced in the conventional manner by adding the alloying constituents in the prescribed amounts to the molten lead and then mixing until the mass is homogeneous. Production of the grids using the alloy can then be accomplished by commercially used high speed grid manufacturing techniques. Casting temperatures of from about 750F. to about 850F. into appropriate molds maintained at a temperature of about 350 to 450~. have been found to be satisfactory.
Thus, as has been seen, the present invention provides an alloy which can be rapidly cast with low dross formation to form grids having desirable performance characteristics. The grids have good corrosion resistance and are quite useful as positive grids. The handleability and stiffness characteristics of grids employing the alloys of the present invention are superior and thus they are also useful as negative grids. More-over, such characteristics allow the formation of relatively thin grids (e.g. - grids having thicknesses of about 0.060 inch or less) at cor~mercially acceptable speeds of from 10 to 15
The present invention xelates to ternary lead base alloys having from above 0.1 to about 0.20% by weight calcium and from about 0.01 to about 0.50% by weight tin, based upon alloy weight.
Copending Canadian Patent Application No~ 209,677 filed September 20, 1974 and assigned to the present applicant, discloses a lead base alloy containing 0.06%-0.10% calcium and 0.10%-0.40~ tin which can be advantageously utilized to form lead-acid battery grids that are particularly useful in the preparation of maintenance free batteries having excellent capacity reten~ion characteristics. head-calcium alloys containing this amount of tin have a remarkably improved resistance to drossing, thus permitting rapid casting and accurate calcium content control. Batteries prepared with grids fabricated from this alloy have unexpectedly improved capacity retention characteristics.
While such alloys do provide suitable materials for forming battery grids, there remains a desire to produce grids which have improved stifness and handleability characteristics and which can be rapidly cast into grids at the rapid speeds used in commercial applications. It would be desirable, for example, to provide an alloy which is capable of being cast into grids at the rate of about 10 to 15 castings/minute.
It is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide an alloy capable of being used to ~orm the grids for lead-acid storage batteries of both the conventional and maintenance free types.
28 Another object provides such an alloy characterized kam:bk by the ability to form gxids having improved sti~fness and handleability characteristics.
A still further object of this invention lies in the provision of an alloy capable of being cast into grids at commercially acceptable speeds.
Yet another and more specific object is to provide an alloy which is capable of being rapidly cast into relatively thin grids.
In brief, the present invention is predicated on the discovery that highly desirable grids can be provided by utiliæing a lead base alloy containing from above 0.1 to about 0;20% by weight calcium and from about 0.01 to about 0.50% by weight tin, the percentages of each of the alloying constituents being based upon the weight of the alloy. Grids formed from such alloys have superior stiffness and handleability charac-teristics, and the grids can be formed at the rate of 10 to 15 castings per minute with no difficulty.
For positive grids it is preferred to maintain the calcium content below about 0.15% by weight of the alloy.
The tin content of the alloy can vary from about 0.01 to about 0.5% by weight of the alloy, but it is preferred to maintain the tin content in the range of from about 0.10 to about 0.35% based upon the weight of the alloy. Tin contents within this range provide the desired performance characteristics for the grids.
The alloys according to the present invention may be cast directly into highly satisfactory grids. In contrast it has been ound that ~rids which are directly cast from ca/~A ~ - 2 -alloys having higher quantities o tin are deficient in certain properties such as instantaneous strength and corrosion re-sistance. For this reason, such alloys are unsuitable for direct casting of battery grids and partiLcularly unsuitable for direct casting of grids for use in maintenance-free batteries.
On the other hand, when the grids are fabricated by - working after casting, a higher level of tin, for example 1~
or so, is preferred to provide desirable grid characteristics.
The alloys used for the grids in accordance with the present invention can contain negligible amounts of im-purities such as are typically found in commercially available .. . . .
, Ca~A - 2a ~
~)449~3 battery grade lead. While impurities may be contained in the other alloying constituents which are used, the relatively smaller amounts of these constituents make the typical impurities less important than those contained in the grade of lead employed. Although ternary alloys are contemplated herein, it should be appreciated that the alloys of the present invention can include other ingredients so long as the~ do not significantly adversely affect the desirable features attributable to the present invention.
The alloys descrLbed herein may be produced in the conventional manner by adding the alloying constituents in the prescribed amounts to the molten lead and then mixing until the mass is homogeneous. Production of the grids using the alloy can then be accomplished by commercially used high speed grid manufacturing techniques. Casting temperatures of from about 750F. to about 850F. into appropriate molds maintained at a temperature of about 350 to 450~. have been found to be satisfactory.
Thus, as has been seen, the present invention provides an alloy which can be rapidly cast with low dross formation to form grids having desirable performance characteristics. The grids have good corrosion resistance and are quite useful as positive grids. The handleability and stiffness characteristics of grids employing the alloys of the present invention are superior and thus they are also useful as negative grids. More-over, such characteristics allow the formation of relatively thin grids (e.g. - grids having thicknesses of about 0.060 inch or less) at cor~mercially acceptable speeds of from 10 to 15
2~ castings/minute.
:~ m . hl~
:~ m . hl~
Claims (4)
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A lead-acid battery wherein at least one grid is made of a ternary lead base alloy consisting essentially of lead, from above 0.1 to about 0.20% by weight calcium and from about 0.01 to about 0.50% by weight tin, the percentages of the calcium and tin being based on the alloy weight.
2. A lead-acid battery according to Claim 1 wherein the positive grid is made of a ternary lead base alloy consisting essentially of lead, from about 0.1 to about 0.20% by weight calcium and from about 0.01 to about 0.50% by weight tin, the percentages of the calcium and tin being based on the alloy weight.
3. A lead-acid battery according to Claim 1 wherein the negative grid is made of a ternary lead base alloy consisting essentially of lead, from above 0.1 to about 0.20% by weight calcium and from about 0.01 to about 0.50% by weight tin, the percentages of the calcium and tin being based on the alloy weight.
4. A directly cast battery grid for use in a lead-acid battery system, said grid being made of a ternary lead base alloy consisting essentially of lead, from about 0.10 to about 0.20% by weight calcium and from about 0.01 to about 0.50% by weight tin, the percentages of the calcium and tin being based on the alloy weight.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US51402074A | 1974-10-11 | 1974-10-11 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1044923A true CA1044923A (en) | 1978-12-26 |
Family
ID=24045494
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA222,094A Expired CA1044923A (en) | 1974-10-11 | 1975-03-14 | Ternary calcium-tin-lead alloy |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5143315A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE826702R (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1044923A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2511073A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2287518A2 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1496951A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1049369B (en) |
| LU (1) | LU72056A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7503027A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE421465B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2431547A1 (en) * | 1978-07-17 | 1980-02-15 | Scal Gp Condit Aluminium | Continuous casting and rolling of lead alloys - esp. lead contg. calcium and opt. tin, and used for lead accumulator plates |
| JPS60150071U (en) * | 1984-03-14 | 1985-10-05 | 日本電気株式会社 | clip |
| WO1988002568A1 (en) * | 1986-10-03 | 1988-04-07 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Starter for engines |
| KR910008540B1 (en) * | 1986-10-17 | 1991-10-18 | 미쯔비시 덴끼 가부시끼가이샤 | Engine starter |
| JPH06173807A (en) * | 1992-12-02 | 1994-06-21 | Teikei Kikaki Kk | Fuel feeding device for engine |
| JP6762974B2 (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2020-09-30 | 古河電池株式会社 | Positive electrode grid for lead-acid batteries and lead-acid batteries |
-
1975
- 1975-03-13 NL NL7503027A patent/NL7503027A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-03-13 DE DE19752511073 patent/DE2511073A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1975-03-14 LU LU72056A patent/LU72056A1/xx unknown
- 1975-03-14 IT IT21287/75A patent/IT1049369B/en active
- 1975-03-14 BE BE154346A patent/BE826702R/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-03-14 JP JP50030253A patent/JPS5143315A/ja active Pending
- 1975-03-14 CA CA222,094A patent/CA1044923A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-03-14 FR FR7508110A patent/FR2287518A2/en active Granted
- 1975-03-14 GB GB10661/75A patent/GB1496951A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-10-08 SE SE7511278A patent/SE421465B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5143315A (en) | 1976-04-14 |
| NL7503027A (en) | 1976-04-13 |
| IT1049369B (en) | 1981-01-20 |
| SE421465B (en) | 1981-12-21 |
| GB1496951A (en) | 1978-01-05 |
| LU72056A1 (en) | 1975-08-20 |
| FR2287518A2 (en) | 1976-05-07 |
| FR2287518B2 (en) | 1978-10-06 |
| SE7511278L (en) | 1976-04-12 |
| DE2511073A1 (en) | 1976-04-22 |
| BE826702R (en) | 1975-06-30 |
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