CA1044923A - Ternary calcium-tin-lead alloy - Google Patents

Ternary calcium-tin-lead alloy

Info

Publication number
CA1044923A
CA1044923A CA222,094A CA222094A CA1044923A CA 1044923 A CA1044923 A CA 1044923A CA 222094 A CA222094 A CA 222094A CA 1044923 A CA1044923 A CA 1044923A
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
weight
tin
lead
grids
calcium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CA222,094A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA222094S (en
Inventor
Purushothama Rao
George W. Mao
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gould Inc
Original Assignee
Gould Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gould Inc filed Critical Gould Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA1044923A publication Critical patent/CA1044923A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66Selection of materials
    • H01M4/68Selection of materials for use in lead-acid accumulators
    • H01M4/685Lead alloys
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C11/00Alloys based on lead
    • C22C11/02Alloys based on lead with an alkali or an alkaline earth metal as the next major constituent
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE

Ternary lead alloys having from above 0.1 to about 0.20% by weight calcium and from about 0.01 to about 0.50% by weight tin, the percentages being based upon alloy weight. The alloys are particularly suitable for use in grids of conventional and maintenance free lead-acid batteries. Grids of the novel alloys exhibit improved stiffness and handleability and may be cast at commercially acceptable speeds.

Description

11J~45~'Z~

The present invention xelates to ternary lead base alloys having from above 0.1 to about 0.20% by weight calcium and from about 0.01 to about 0.50% by weight tin, based upon alloy weight.
Copending Canadian Patent Application No~ 209,677 filed September 20, 1974 and assigned to the present applicant, discloses a lead base alloy containing 0.06%-0.10% calcium and 0.10%-0.40~ tin which can be advantageously utilized to form lead-acid battery grids that are particularly useful in the preparation of maintenance free batteries having excellent capacity reten~ion characteristics. head-calcium alloys containing this amount of tin have a remarkably improved resistance to drossing, thus permitting rapid casting and accurate calcium content control. Batteries prepared with grids fabricated from this alloy have unexpectedly improved capacity retention characteristics.
While such alloys do provide suitable materials for forming battery grids, there remains a desire to produce grids which have improved stifness and handleability characteristics and which can be rapidly cast into grids at the rapid speeds used in commercial applications. It would be desirable, for example, to provide an alloy which is capable of being cast into grids at the rate of about 10 to 15 castings/minute.
It is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide an alloy capable of being used to ~orm the grids for lead-acid storage batteries of both the conventional and maintenance free types.
28 Another object provides such an alloy characterized kam:bk by the ability to form gxids having improved sti~fness and handleability characteristics.
A still further object of this invention lies in the provision of an alloy capable of being cast into grids at commercially acceptable speeds.
Yet another and more specific object is to provide an alloy which is capable of being rapidly cast into relatively thin grids.
In brief, the present invention is predicated on the discovery that highly desirable grids can be provided by utiliæing a lead base alloy containing from above 0.1 to about 0;20% by weight calcium and from about 0.01 to about 0.50% by weight tin, the percentages of each of the alloying constituents being based upon the weight of the alloy. Grids formed from such alloys have superior stiffness and handleability charac-teristics, and the grids can be formed at the rate of 10 to 15 castings per minute with no difficulty.
For positive grids it is preferred to maintain the calcium content below about 0.15% by weight of the alloy.
The tin content of the alloy can vary from about 0.01 to about 0.5% by weight of the alloy, but it is preferred to maintain the tin content in the range of from about 0.10 to about 0.35% based upon the weight of the alloy. Tin contents within this range provide the desired performance characteristics for the grids.
The alloys according to the present invention may be cast directly into highly satisfactory grids. In contrast it has been ound that ~rids which are directly cast from ca/~A ~ - 2 -alloys having higher quantities o tin are deficient in certain properties such as instantaneous strength and corrosion re-sistance. For this reason, such alloys are unsuitable for direct casting of battery grids and partiLcularly unsuitable for direct casting of grids for use in maintenance-free batteries.
On the other hand, when the grids are fabricated by - working after casting, a higher level of tin, for example 1~
or so, is preferred to provide desirable grid characteristics.
The alloys used for the grids in accordance with the present invention can contain negligible amounts of im-purities such as are typically found in commercially available .. . . .

, Ca~A - 2a ~

~)449~3 battery grade lead. While impurities may be contained in the other alloying constituents which are used, the relatively smaller amounts of these constituents make the typical impurities less important than those contained in the grade of lead employed. Although ternary alloys are contemplated herein, it should be appreciated that the alloys of the present invention can include other ingredients so long as the~ do not significantly adversely affect the desirable features attributable to the present invention.
The alloys descrLbed herein may be produced in the conventional manner by adding the alloying constituents in the prescribed amounts to the molten lead and then mixing until the mass is homogeneous. Production of the grids using the alloy can then be accomplished by commercially used high speed grid manufacturing techniques. Casting temperatures of from about 750F. to about 850F. into appropriate molds maintained at a temperature of about 350 to 450~. have been found to be satisfactory.
Thus, as has been seen, the present invention provides an alloy which can be rapidly cast with low dross formation to form grids having desirable performance characteristics. The grids have good corrosion resistance and are quite useful as positive grids. The handleability and stiffness characteristics of grids employing the alloys of the present invention are superior and thus they are also useful as negative grids. More-over, such characteristics allow the formation of relatively thin grids (e.g. - grids having thicknesses of about 0.060 inch or less) at cor~mercially acceptable speeds of from 10 to 15
2~ castings/minute.

:~ m . hl~

Claims (4)

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE PROPERTY
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A lead-acid battery wherein at least one grid is made of a ternary lead base alloy consisting essentially of lead, from above 0.1 to about 0.20% by weight calcium and from about 0.01 to about 0.50% by weight tin, the percentages of the calcium and tin being based on the alloy weight.
2. A lead-acid battery according to Claim 1 wherein the positive grid is made of a ternary lead base alloy consisting essentially of lead, from about 0.1 to about 0.20% by weight calcium and from about 0.01 to about 0.50% by weight tin, the percentages of the calcium and tin being based on the alloy weight.
3. A lead-acid battery according to Claim 1 wherein the negative grid is made of a ternary lead base alloy consisting essentially of lead, from above 0.1 to about 0.20% by weight calcium and from about 0.01 to about 0.50% by weight tin, the percentages of the calcium and tin being based on the alloy weight.
4. A directly cast battery grid for use in a lead-acid battery system, said grid being made of a ternary lead base alloy consisting essentially of lead, from about 0.10 to about 0.20% by weight calcium and from about 0.01 to about 0.50% by weight tin, the percentages of the calcium and tin being based on the alloy weight.
CA222,094A 1974-10-11 1975-03-14 Ternary calcium-tin-lead alloy Expired CA1044923A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US51402074A 1974-10-11 1974-10-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA1044923A true CA1044923A (en) 1978-12-26

Family

ID=24045494

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA222,094A Expired CA1044923A (en) 1974-10-11 1975-03-14 Ternary calcium-tin-lead alloy

Country Status (10)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5143315A (en)
BE (1) BE826702R (en)
CA (1) CA1044923A (en)
DE (1) DE2511073A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2287518A2 (en)
GB (1) GB1496951A (en)
IT (1) IT1049369B (en)
LU (1) LU72056A1 (en)
NL (1) NL7503027A (en)
SE (1) SE421465B (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2431547A1 (en) * 1978-07-17 1980-02-15 Scal Gp Condit Aluminium Continuous casting and rolling of lead alloys - esp. lead contg. calcium and opt. tin, and used for lead accumulator plates
JPS60150071U (en) * 1984-03-14 1985-10-05 日本電気株式会社 clip
KR910002121B1 (en) * 1986-10-03 1991-04-04 미쯔비시 덴끼 가부시끼가이샤 Starter for engines
WO1988002946A1 (en) * 1986-10-17 1988-04-21 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Engine starter
JPH06173807A (en) * 1992-12-02 1994-06-21 Teikei Kikaki Kk Fuel feeding device for engine
JP6762974B2 (en) * 2018-02-28 2020-09-30 古河電池株式会社 Positive electrode grid for lead-acid batteries and lead-acid batteries

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5143315A (en) 1976-04-14
LU72056A1 (en) 1975-08-20
BE826702R (en) 1975-06-30
FR2287518B2 (en) 1978-10-06
GB1496951A (en) 1978-01-05
SE7511278L (en) 1976-04-12
DE2511073A1 (en) 1976-04-22
NL7503027A (en) 1976-04-13
IT1049369B (en) 1981-01-20
SE421465B (en) 1981-12-21
FR2287518A2 (en) 1976-05-07

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