CA1038842A - Crushing apparatus having centrifugal classifier - Google Patents
Crushing apparatus having centrifugal classifierInfo
- Publication number
- CA1038842A CA1038842A CA209,491A CA209491A CA1038842A CA 1038842 A CA1038842 A CA 1038842A CA 209491 A CA209491 A CA 209491A CA 1038842 A CA1038842 A CA 1038842A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- housing
- conduit means
- axis
- fragments
- gas stream
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/13—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with horizontal rotor shaft and combined with sifting devices, e.g. for making powdered fuel
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
- Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Crushing apparatus having a centrifugal classifier comprising a first housing and a second housing which are sub-stantially coaxial with each other. The first housing contains hammer means rotatable about its axis and is provided with a chute for feeding thereto the material to be crushed. The second housing has discharge means proximate to its axis. The first housing communicates with the second housing through first conduit means and second conduit means.
Crushing apparatus having a centrifugal classifier comprising a first housing and a second housing which are sub-stantially coaxial with each other. The first housing contains hammer means rotatable about its axis and is provided with a chute for feeding thereto the material to be crushed. The second housing has discharge means proximate to its axis. The first housing communicates with the second housing through first conduit means and second conduit means.
Description
1(;3 3~38~Z
The present invention relates to a crushing apparatus having a centrifugal classiEier in which material of different ~ ~
kinds to be crushed are crushed by hammer means and the crushed material is classified into coarse ~agr,~ents and fine fragments, of which the fine fragments are selectively discharged from the apparatus in succession.
Generally, when a material is crushed by rotating hammer means, it is not always wholly crushed into fine fragments in uniformity by the hammer means within a short time. ~ccordingly, it is necessary to classify the crushed fragments according to the size and to crush the coarse fragments with the hammer means again.
~ccordingly, the conventional process is such that the makerial fed into the crushing appara-tus is crushed by hammer means, clnd all oE its crushed fragments are discharged outside the crushing apparatus to be classified according to the size by a separately provided classifying apparatus. Thereafter, the coarse fragments alone are returned to the crushing apparatus to be crushed again. In the course of such repeated operation the fine fragments are selectively taken out.
However, the conventional process as described above requires, apart from the power for rotating the hammer means of the crushing apparatus, the power for operating the classifying apparatus and, after classification, returning the coarse frag-ments to the crushing apparatus.
Thus, the overall apparatus not only tends to be large and complex but entails a considerable power waste; its operation is not economical.
The present invention eliminates the foregoing drawbacks by making full use of the functions of the hammer means and provide :
an economical crushing apparatus equipped with a centrifugal classifier which is capable of efficiently performing both crushing and classifying operations. `~;
:1~3~84LZ
According to the present invention there is provided a crushing apparatus having a centrifugal classifier comprising: a first housing and a second housing substantially coaxial with each other; first conduit means and second conduit means for communica- ~ .
ting the first housing and the second housing, the first conduit means being connected to both the housings at a position proximate to the peripheral walls thereof and having an annular cross sec-tion, the second conduit means being connected to both the housings at a position closer to the axis of the housings than the 10 first conduit means; hammer means disposed within the first hous-ing and rotatable about its axis; a chute connected to the first housing at a position closer to the axis than the first conduit means, and discharge means connected to the second housing at a position closer to the axis than the second conduit means; the first conduit means permitting a whirling gas stream produced in the first housing by the rotation of the hammer means to flow into the second housing and circulate about its axis therein, the $
second conduit means permitting a portion of the circulating gas to flow into the first housing, the discharge means serving to let 20 the remainder of the circulating gas out of the second housing, whereby a material fed to the interior of the first housing is crushed by the hammer means and is then sent by the gas through the first conduit means into the second housing to circulate about t its axis therein, the circulating material is classified into coarse fragments and fine fragments by the cooperative action of centrifugal force and conveying force of the gas stream, the fine fragments are sent to the discharge means by the gas stream and the coarse fragments are sent through the second conduit means into the first housing by the gas stream.
The crushing apparatus having a classifier of this in- .;
vention thus comprises a first housing and a second housing sub- F
stantially coaxial with each other; first conduit means and second . j '~..
1~3~
conduit means for communicating the first housing and the second housing, the first conduit means being connected to both the housings at a position proximate to the peripheral walls thereof and having an inner space having an annular cross section, the second conduit means being connected to both the housings at a position closer to the axis of the housings than the first conduit means; hammer means disposed within -the first housing and rotatable _ about its axis; a chute connected to the first housing at a posi-tion closer to the axis than the first conduit MeanS; and dis-charge means connected to the second housing at a position closerto the axis than the second conduit means.
The rotation of the hammer means produces in the first housing a whirling gas stream, which flows through the first con- L
duit means into the second housing and circulates about its axis therein. A portion of the circulating gas flows through the second conduit means into the first housing, whilst the remainder of the gas flows out of the second housing through the discharge means.
F~
842 1, The material fed into the first housing is crushed by the hammer means and is then sent by the gas stream through the first conduit means into the second housing, in which it circulates about its axis and is classified into coarse fragments and fine fragments by the cooperative action of the centrifugal force and the conveying force of the gas stream. The fine fragments are sent to the discharge means by the gas stream, whereas the coarse fragments are sent by the gas stream back into the first housing through the second conduit means. In other words, the material is crushed into fragments within the first housing and such fragments of all sizes are promptly sent to the second housing through ~he first conduit means. The fragments are then made to circulate together with the gas stream in the second housing and are effectively classified into coarse fragments and fine fragments by the cooperative action of the centrifugal force and the conveying force of the gas stream.
Since the gas stream generated by the rotation of the hammer means is used to obtain a whirling flow for classifying the crushed fragments, the economy of overall power is made possible by efficiently using the energy from the hammer means.
After classified, the fine fragments are promptly let out of the apparatus on the gas stream through the discharge means, whereas the coarse fragments are returned through the second conduit 3S8gl2 means to the first housing by the gas stream. In this instance as well, an effective use is made of the differentiation of pressure within the first housing caused by the rotation of the hammer means. To state this in more detail, since the second conduit means is disposed closer to the axis of both the housings than the first conduit means, the pressure in the vicinity of the opening of the second conduit means to the first housing is higher than that in the vicinity of the opening thereof to the second housing.
Accordingly, after classified, the coarse fragments circulating near the opening of the second conduit means to the second housing are positively and smoothly returned to the first housing owing to the inhaling force caused by the a~oresaid pressure differentiation.
In this way the inhaling force caused by the pressure differentiation which is brought about by the rotation of the hammer means is used for the feed-back of the coarse fragments to the first housing, whereby a further economy of power is made possible.
As stated above, the apparatus according to the present invention uses the inhaling force caused by the pressure differentiation owing to the rotation of the hammer means which is the essential factor of a crushing apparatus.
Therefore, not only its construction is simple but it is positively capable of both crushing and 4;~
classifying with a small power supply, and its running cost will be low.
In addition, the coarse fragments introduced through the first conduit means into the second housing travel to the inlet of the second conduit means in circulating motion wlthin the second housing owing to the gas strearn and the centrifugal force, instead of proceeding directly thereto.
In the course of this travel, the fragments are cooled by being exposed to the gas stream. This amounts to a secondary advantage, namely the prevention of over-heating in crushing heat-sensitive material.
-The present invention thus provides an economicalapparatus with a simple construction and classifying its fragments by a small power supply.
The present invention also provides an apparatus which is designed to discharge the fragments o~ substantially uniform size irrespective of the kind of the material.
The present invention also provides an apparatus which is capable of controlling, as desired, the size of the crushed fragments of the material to be discharged from the apparatus.
1~D3~42 The present invention will be further lllustrated by way of the accompanylng drawings in which Fig. 1 is a side elevation in vertical section showing an embodiment of this invention;
Fig. 2 is a view in section taken along the line II-II
in Fig. l;
Fi~. 3 is a view in section taken along the line III-III
in Fig. l;
Figs. 4 and 5 are fragmentary side elevations in verti-cal section showing the prlncipal part of another embodiment;
Fig. 6 is a view in section taken along the line VI-VI
in Fig. 5; and Fig. 7 is a fragmentary side elevation in vertical sec-tion showing the principal part of still another embodiment.
The drawings show a first housing 1 constituting a crushing apparatus and a second housing 2 constituting a centri-fugal classifier. The first housing 1 and second housing 2, both cylindrical, have substantially 'che same diameter and are coaxially arranged adjacent to each other.
Disposed within the first housing 1 in aliynment with its axis 3 is a rotary shaft 4 driven by a motor ~not shown) and having hammer means 5 fixed thereto. The hammer means 5 comprises , .
3~384;Z
a disc 6 keyed to the rotary shaft 4 coaxially therewith and a plurality of crushing blades 7 secured to the periphery of the disc 6 with substantially e~ual spacing therebetween. The first housing 1 is formed, over its entire inner periphery, with a serrated impact crushing surface 8 which is opposed to the track of revolution of the crushing blades 7. The crushing blades 7 and impact crushing surface 8 combine to crush the material fed to the interior of the first housing 1.
A side partition plate 9 disposed between the first housing 1 and the second housing 2 is in the form of a disc and is coaxial with the rotary shaft 4. Between the outer periphery of the partition plate 9 and the inner peripheral surfaces of the first housing 1 and second housing 2, an annular space is Eormed which serves as first conduit means 10. The side partition plate 9 has circular arc apertures which are arranged circum-ferentially about the axis 3 and spaced apart from each other.
The apertures serve as second conduit means 13. The partition plate 9 is secured to a side wall 12 of the second housing 2 by bolts and nuts 11.
Alternatively, the second conduit means 13 may be in the form of a continuous annular aperture centered abou-t the axis 3. In this case, the inner portion of partition plate 9 is secured to the side wall 12 of the second housing 2 by bolts and nuts.
The flrst conduit means 10 is therefore positioned in proximity to the inner peripheral surfaces of the first housing 1 and the second housing 2, whilst the second conduit means 13 is positioned closer to the axis 3 than the first conduit means 10. The interior of first housing 1 communicates with the interior of second housing 2 through both the conduit means 10 and 13. The second conduit means 13 is sufficiently large -to permit passage of coarse crushed fragments.
3~2 Side wall 14 of the first housing 1 opposite to the side partition plate 9 is provided with a chute 15 for feeding material into the first housing 1. The chute 15 communicates with the first housing 1 through an opening 16 in the side wall 14. The opening 16 is positioned closer to the axis 3 than the first conduit means 10.
A plurality of guide vanes 17 for guiding the gas which comes from the first housing 1 into the second housing 2 in the form of a whirling stream are provided in the interior of the second housing 2 at substantially equal spacing along the first conduit means 10 in proximity to its opening.
The number thereof is determined so as to allow the ~as stream introduced through the first conduit means 10 to enter at a uniform angle over the entire circumference.
The guide vanes 17 are attached to the side wall 12 of the second housing 2 by pins provided adjacent to the first conduit means 10, each of the vanes 17 being fixed or pivotable as desired about an axis approximately in parallel to the axis 3.
The inner surface of side wall 12 of the second housing
The present invention relates to a crushing apparatus having a centrifugal classiEier in which material of different ~ ~
kinds to be crushed are crushed by hammer means and the crushed material is classified into coarse ~agr,~ents and fine fragments, of which the fine fragments are selectively discharged from the apparatus in succession.
Generally, when a material is crushed by rotating hammer means, it is not always wholly crushed into fine fragments in uniformity by the hammer means within a short time. ~ccordingly, it is necessary to classify the crushed fragments according to the size and to crush the coarse fragments with the hammer means again.
~ccordingly, the conventional process is such that the makerial fed into the crushing appara-tus is crushed by hammer means, clnd all oE its crushed fragments are discharged outside the crushing apparatus to be classified according to the size by a separately provided classifying apparatus. Thereafter, the coarse fragments alone are returned to the crushing apparatus to be crushed again. In the course of such repeated operation the fine fragments are selectively taken out.
However, the conventional process as described above requires, apart from the power for rotating the hammer means of the crushing apparatus, the power for operating the classifying apparatus and, after classification, returning the coarse frag-ments to the crushing apparatus.
Thus, the overall apparatus not only tends to be large and complex but entails a considerable power waste; its operation is not economical.
The present invention eliminates the foregoing drawbacks by making full use of the functions of the hammer means and provide :
an economical crushing apparatus equipped with a centrifugal classifier which is capable of efficiently performing both crushing and classifying operations. `~;
:1~3~84LZ
According to the present invention there is provided a crushing apparatus having a centrifugal classifier comprising: a first housing and a second housing substantially coaxial with each other; first conduit means and second conduit means for communica- ~ .
ting the first housing and the second housing, the first conduit means being connected to both the housings at a position proximate to the peripheral walls thereof and having an annular cross sec-tion, the second conduit means being connected to both the housings at a position closer to the axis of the housings than the 10 first conduit means; hammer means disposed within the first hous-ing and rotatable about its axis; a chute connected to the first housing at a position closer to the axis than the first conduit means, and discharge means connected to the second housing at a position closer to the axis than the second conduit means; the first conduit means permitting a whirling gas stream produced in the first housing by the rotation of the hammer means to flow into the second housing and circulate about its axis therein, the $
second conduit means permitting a portion of the circulating gas to flow into the first housing, the discharge means serving to let 20 the remainder of the circulating gas out of the second housing, whereby a material fed to the interior of the first housing is crushed by the hammer means and is then sent by the gas through the first conduit means into the second housing to circulate about t its axis therein, the circulating material is classified into coarse fragments and fine fragments by the cooperative action of centrifugal force and conveying force of the gas stream, the fine fragments are sent to the discharge means by the gas stream and the coarse fragments are sent through the second conduit means into the first housing by the gas stream.
The crushing apparatus having a classifier of this in- .;
vention thus comprises a first housing and a second housing sub- F
stantially coaxial with each other; first conduit means and second . j '~..
1~3~
conduit means for communicating the first housing and the second housing, the first conduit means being connected to both the housings at a position proximate to the peripheral walls thereof and having an inner space having an annular cross section, the second conduit means being connected to both the housings at a position closer to the axis of the housings than the first conduit means; hammer means disposed within -the first housing and rotatable _ about its axis; a chute connected to the first housing at a posi-tion closer to the axis than the first conduit MeanS; and dis-charge means connected to the second housing at a position closerto the axis than the second conduit means.
The rotation of the hammer means produces in the first housing a whirling gas stream, which flows through the first con- L
duit means into the second housing and circulates about its axis therein. A portion of the circulating gas flows through the second conduit means into the first housing, whilst the remainder of the gas flows out of the second housing through the discharge means.
F~
842 1, The material fed into the first housing is crushed by the hammer means and is then sent by the gas stream through the first conduit means into the second housing, in which it circulates about its axis and is classified into coarse fragments and fine fragments by the cooperative action of the centrifugal force and the conveying force of the gas stream. The fine fragments are sent to the discharge means by the gas stream, whereas the coarse fragments are sent by the gas stream back into the first housing through the second conduit means. In other words, the material is crushed into fragments within the first housing and such fragments of all sizes are promptly sent to the second housing through ~he first conduit means. The fragments are then made to circulate together with the gas stream in the second housing and are effectively classified into coarse fragments and fine fragments by the cooperative action of the centrifugal force and the conveying force of the gas stream.
Since the gas stream generated by the rotation of the hammer means is used to obtain a whirling flow for classifying the crushed fragments, the economy of overall power is made possible by efficiently using the energy from the hammer means.
After classified, the fine fragments are promptly let out of the apparatus on the gas stream through the discharge means, whereas the coarse fragments are returned through the second conduit 3S8gl2 means to the first housing by the gas stream. In this instance as well, an effective use is made of the differentiation of pressure within the first housing caused by the rotation of the hammer means. To state this in more detail, since the second conduit means is disposed closer to the axis of both the housings than the first conduit means, the pressure in the vicinity of the opening of the second conduit means to the first housing is higher than that in the vicinity of the opening thereof to the second housing.
Accordingly, after classified, the coarse fragments circulating near the opening of the second conduit means to the second housing are positively and smoothly returned to the first housing owing to the inhaling force caused by the a~oresaid pressure differentiation.
In this way the inhaling force caused by the pressure differentiation which is brought about by the rotation of the hammer means is used for the feed-back of the coarse fragments to the first housing, whereby a further economy of power is made possible.
As stated above, the apparatus according to the present invention uses the inhaling force caused by the pressure differentiation owing to the rotation of the hammer means which is the essential factor of a crushing apparatus.
Therefore, not only its construction is simple but it is positively capable of both crushing and 4;~
classifying with a small power supply, and its running cost will be low.
In addition, the coarse fragments introduced through the first conduit means into the second housing travel to the inlet of the second conduit means in circulating motion wlthin the second housing owing to the gas strearn and the centrifugal force, instead of proceeding directly thereto.
In the course of this travel, the fragments are cooled by being exposed to the gas stream. This amounts to a secondary advantage, namely the prevention of over-heating in crushing heat-sensitive material.
-The present invention thus provides an economicalapparatus with a simple construction and classifying its fragments by a small power supply.
The present invention also provides an apparatus which is designed to discharge the fragments o~ substantially uniform size irrespective of the kind of the material.
The present invention also provides an apparatus which is capable of controlling, as desired, the size of the crushed fragments of the material to be discharged from the apparatus.
1~D3~42 The present invention will be further lllustrated by way of the accompanylng drawings in which Fig. 1 is a side elevation in vertical section showing an embodiment of this invention;
Fig. 2 is a view in section taken along the line II-II
in Fig. l;
Fi~. 3 is a view in section taken along the line III-III
in Fig. l;
Figs. 4 and 5 are fragmentary side elevations in verti-cal section showing the prlncipal part of another embodiment;
Fig. 6 is a view in section taken along the line VI-VI
in Fig. 5; and Fig. 7 is a fragmentary side elevation in vertical sec-tion showing the principal part of still another embodiment.
The drawings show a first housing 1 constituting a crushing apparatus and a second housing 2 constituting a centri-fugal classifier. The first housing 1 and second housing 2, both cylindrical, have substantially 'che same diameter and are coaxially arranged adjacent to each other.
Disposed within the first housing 1 in aliynment with its axis 3 is a rotary shaft 4 driven by a motor ~not shown) and having hammer means 5 fixed thereto. The hammer means 5 comprises , .
3~384;Z
a disc 6 keyed to the rotary shaft 4 coaxially therewith and a plurality of crushing blades 7 secured to the periphery of the disc 6 with substantially e~ual spacing therebetween. The first housing 1 is formed, over its entire inner periphery, with a serrated impact crushing surface 8 which is opposed to the track of revolution of the crushing blades 7. The crushing blades 7 and impact crushing surface 8 combine to crush the material fed to the interior of the first housing 1.
A side partition plate 9 disposed between the first housing 1 and the second housing 2 is in the form of a disc and is coaxial with the rotary shaft 4. Between the outer periphery of the partition plate 9 and the inner peripheral surfaces of the first housing 1 and second housing 2, an annular space is Eormed which serves as first conduit means 10. The side partition plate 9 has circular arc apertures which are arranged circum-ferentially about the axis 3 and spaced apart from each other.
The apertures serve as second conduit means 13. The partition plate 9 is secured to a side wall 12 of the second housing 2 by bolts and nuts 11.
Alternatively, the second conduit means 13 may be in the form of a continuous annular aperture centered abou-t the axis 3. In this case, the inner portion of partition plate 9 is secured to the side wall 12 of the second housing 2 by bolts and nuts.
The flrst conduit means 10 is therefore positioned in proximity to the inner peripheral surfaces of the first housing 1 and the second housing 2, whilst the second conduit means 13 is positioned closer to the axis 3 than the first conduit means 10. The interior of first housing 1 communicates with the interior of second housing 2 through both the conduit means 10 and 13. The second conduit means 13 is sufficiently large -to permit passage of coarse crushed fragments.
3~2 Side wall 14 of the first housing 1 opposite to the side partition plate 9 is provided with a chute 15 for feeding material into the first housing 1. The chute 15 communicates with the first housing 1 through an opening 16 in the side wall 14. The opening 16 is positioned closer to the axis 3 than the first conduit means 10.
A plurality of guide vanes 17 for guiding the gas which comes from the first housing 1 into the second housing 2 in the form of a whirling stream are provided in the interior of the second housing 2 at substantially equal spacing along the first conduit means 10 in proximity to its opening.
The number thereof is determined so as to allow the ~as stream introduced through the first conduit means 10 to enter at a uniform angle over the entire circumference.
The guide vanes 17 are attached to the side wall 12 of the second housing 2 by pins provided adjacent to the first conduit means 10, each of the vanes 17 being fixed or pivotable as desired about an axis approximately in parallel to the axis 3.
The inner surface of side wall 12 of the second housing
2 is in the form of a slanting wall surface 1~ which slants toward the axis 3, and the side wall 12 has an opening coaxial with the axis 3. Discharge means 19 is Eixed to the open portion of the side wall 12. The interior space of the second housing 2 is therefore constricted toward the axis 3. The opening of the first conduit means 10 to the second housing 2 is positioned further into the second housing 2 than the opening of the second conduit means 13 to the second housing 2 so as to be disaligned with the latter stepwise in the direction parallel to the axis 3.
The apparatus of the foregoing construction operates in the following manner. The material fed to the first housing 1 from the chute 15 is first crushed by the impact force of crushing blades 7 of the hammer means 5 and further crushed into smaller pieces by heing forced against the impact crushing surface 8. At this time, the high-speed rotation of the hammer means 5 produces in the first housing 1 a whirling gas stream, which is guided through the first conduit means 10 into the second housing 2 by the guide vanes 17. The gas introduced into the second housing 2 and turning in eddy current then partially flows through the second conduit means 13 into the first housing 1 owing to the pressure gap between the first housing 1 and the second housing 2 which is produced by the rotation of the hammer means 5, whilst the remainder of the gas flows out of the second housing 2 via the discharge means 19.
Accordingly, the material crushed in the first housing 1, whether coarse or fine, is discharged from the first housing 1 into the second housing 2 through the first conduit means 10 as carried on the whirling gas stream produced by the rotation of the crushing blades 7. The crushed fragments sent into the second housing 2 are made to circulate about the axis 3 on the gas stream therein and are classified into coarse fragments and fine fragments by the cooperative action of centrifugal force and the conveying force of the gas stream acting toward the axis 3.
More specifically, both the fine fragments and the coarse fragments have the tendency oE flowing toward the dis-charge means 19 while being circulated by the gas stream. The centrifugal force acting on the crushed material owing to the circulatory motion is such that the coarser the fragments, the greater the force, whereas the finer the fragments, the smaller the force. With fine fragments, therefore, the force to convey the fragments toward the discharge means 19 overcomes the centrifugal force, with the result that the fine fragments are let out of the apparatus through the discharge means 19. With coarse fragments, on the other hand, the conveying force toward `-- 1~38842 the discharge means 19 comes into balance with the centrifuga]
force, permitting the coarse fragments to continuously circulate in the vicinity of the inlet of the second conduit means 13.
Consequently, the coarse fragments are ret~lrned to the interior of the first housing 1 through the second conduit means 13 by being withdrawn owing to the pressure gap between the two housings 1, 2 produced by the rotation of the hammer means 5 within the first housing 1. In this case, since the construction is such that the openings of the two conduit means 10, 13 to the second housing 2 are disaligned stepwise and the inner surface of the side wall 12 of the second housing 2 is formed into the slanting wall surface 18 as described hereinbefore the coarse ragments will reach the opening of the second conduit means 13 by the combination of the conveying force of said slanting wall surface 18 acting toward the partition plate 9 and the centriugal orce, without relying on the inhaling force caused by the pressure gap between the two housings 1, 2, and then return to the interior of the first housin~ 1 smoothly.
The coarse fragments sent from the first conduit means 10 into the second housing 2 get cooled by the whirling gas stream while progressively proceeding toward the second conduit means 13 in circulation. This is particularly advantageous when processing a heat-sensitive material.
The coarse fragments are then crushed again by the hammer means 5 into smaller fragments, which are sent into the second housing 2 by way of the first conduit means 10. In this way the crushing operation is carried out effectively, permitting fine fragments alone to be drawn out o the discharge means 19.
The angle of the guide vanes 17 is variable to adjust the magnitude of speed component for sending the crushed material in the second housing 2 toward the axis 3. This makes :it possible to control the particle size of the material to be ~ ~3884Z
withdrawn from the discharge means 19.
Fig. 4 shows another embodiment in which, as seen in vertical section along a plane passing through the axis 3, the inner surface of outer portion of second conduit means 13 defining the interior space thereof is in the form o~ a slanting surface 21 which flares toward the first housing 1 with respect to the axis 3. The slanting surface 21 serves to smoothly return the circulating coarse fragments in the second housing 2 to the first housing 1.
Furthermore, the slanting surface 21 of the second conduit means 13 protrudes largely into the first housing 1 and thereby protruding the outer edge portion of the opening of the second conduit means 13 to the first housing 1, whereb~ the coarse fragments returned through the second conduit means 13 can be brought to the suitable crushing position more accurately to ensure effective crushing operation.
Figs. 5 ad 6 show another embodiment in which the side partition plate 9 of annular shape is provided with a barrier plate 20 adjacent thereto rotatable in a circumferential direction by a handle 22. When rotated, the barrier plate 20 changes the size of the opening of the second conduit means 13 and thereby controls the amount of the coarse fragments to be returned from the second housing 2 to the first housing 1.
If for example a large quantity of coarse fragments are sent from the first housing 1 into the second housing without being finely divided, the barrier plate 20 is adjusted to enlarge the opening of the second conduit means 13. This increases the quantity of the fragments sent back into the first housing 1, in which the material is further crushed to smaller sizes and then discharged into the second housing 2.
Fig. 7 shows another embodiment which is adapted to control the quantity of the fragments to be returned to the - lQ3~4Z
first housing 1 as in Figs. 5 and 6. A barrier plate 20 operable from outside the apparatus by a handle 22 is fixedly provided ~ over the inner peripheral surface of the annular second conduit i means 13 and is movable in the direction of axis 3. The interior space of the second conduit means 13 enlarges toward the first housing 1. The barrier plate 20, when moved, controls the size j of the opening of the interior space of the second conduit means 13.
Indicated at 23 is a guide which is secured to the side wall 12 by bolts and nuts or the like.
Though in the embodiment described herein the side partition plate 9 serves dually as one of the side walls of the irst housing 1 and that of the second housing 2, it is possible ¦ to arrange the two housing 1, 2 at a suitable distance from each ~ other by providing each of the housings with a side wall plate.
1 The single side partition plate 9 serving dually as in said embodiment, of course, helps simplify the construction. In addition, other merits as below may be expected.
~ When crushing materials which have brittleness at low l 20 temperature such as rubber, plastics, etc., they are usually refrigerated by means of refrigerant prior to feeding into the crushing apparatus. In the case of processing such refrigerated material in a crushing apparatus and a classifying apparatus with some distance therebetween the coarse fragments of the crushed material to be returned to the crushing apparatus are liable to warm up during their return trip, making it difficult to crush at the second round. In order to remove this setback an extra apparatus for cooling the coarse fragments is required, which is a disadvantage in respect of equipment and economy.
The coarse fragments are effectively prevented from warming up by partitioning the two adjacent housings 1, 2 with the single partition plate 9 as described hereinbefore. Furthermore, said ~3884Z
coarse fragments are exposed to the gas stream within the second housing 2 and are expected to remain cool. Thus a low con-sumption of the refrigerant for precooling the material is assured, and the addition of a cooling means is not required, which amount to an advantage in respect of economy and equipment.
, 10
The apparatus of the foregoing construction operates in the following manner. The material fed to the first housing 1 from the chute 15 is first crushed by the impact force of crushing blades 7 of the hammer means 5 and further crushed into smaller pieces by heing forced against the impact crushing surface 8. At this time, the high-speed rotation of the hammer means 5 produces in the first housing 1 a whirling gas stream, which is guided through the first conduit means 10 into the second housing 2 by the guide vanes 17. The gas introduced into the second housing 2 and turning in eddy current then partially flows through the second conduit means 13 into the first housing 1 owing to the pressure gap between the first housing 1 and the second housing 2 which is produced by the rotation of the hammer means 5, whilst the remainder of the gas flows out of the second housing 2 via the discharge means 19.
Accordingly, the material crushed in the first housing 1, whether coarse or fine, is discharged from the first housing 1 into the second housing 2 through the first conduit means 10 as carried on the whirling gas stream produced by the rotation of the crushing blades 7. The crushed fragments sent into the second housing 2 are made to circulate about the axis 3 on the gas stream therein and are classified into coarse fragments and fine fragments by the cooperative action of centrifugal force and the conveying force of the gas stream acting toward the axis 3.
More specifically, both the fine fragments and the coarse fragments have the tendency oE flowing toward the dis-charge means 19 while being circulated by the gas stream. The centrifugal force acting on the crushed material owing to the circulatory motion is such that the coarser the fragments, the greater the force, whereas the finer the fragments, the smaller the force. With fine fragments, therefore, the force to convey the fragments toward the discharge means 19 overcomes the centrifugal force, with the result that the fine fragments are let out of the apparatus through the discharge means 19. With coarse fragments, on the other hand, the conveying force toward `-- 1~38842 the discharge means 19 comes into balance with the centrifuga]
force, permitting the coarse fragments to continuously circulate in the vicinity of the inlet of the second conduit means 13.
Consequently, the coarse fragments are ret~lrned to the interior of the first housing 1 through the second conduit means 13 by being withdrawn owing to the pressure gap between the two housings 1, 2 produced by the rotation of the hammer means 5 within the first housing 1. In this case, since the construction is such that the openings of the two conduit means 10, 13 to the second housing 2 are disaligned stepwise and the inner surface of the side wall 12 of the second housing 2 is formed into the slanting wall surface 18 as described hereinbefore the coarse ragments will reach the opening of the second conduit means 13 by the combination of the conveying force of said slanting wall surface 18 acting toward the partition plate 9 and the centriugal orce, without relying on the inhaling force caused by the pressure gap between the two housings 1, 2, and then return to the interior of the first housin~ 1 smoothly.
The coarse fragments sent from the first conduit means 10 into the second housing 2 get cooled by the whirling gas stream while progressively proceeding toward the second conduit means 13 in circulation. This is particularly advantageous when processing a heat-sensitive material.
The coarse fragments are then crushed again by the hammer means 5 into smaller fragments, which are sent into the second housing 2 by way of the first conduit means 10. In this way the crushing operation is carried out effectively, permitting fine fragments alone to be drawn out o the discharge means 19.
The angle of the guide vanes 17 is variable to adjust the magnitude of speed component for sending the crushed material in the second housing 2 toward the axis 3. This makes :it possible to control the particle size of the material to be ~ ~3884Z
withdrawn from the discharge means 19.
Fig. 4 shows another embodiment in which, as seen in vertical section along a plane passing through the axis 3, the inner surface of outer portion of second conduit means 13 defining the interior space thereof is in the form o~ a slanting surface 21 which flares toward the first housing 1 with respect to the axis 3. The slanting surface 21 serves to smoothly return the circulating coarse fragments in the second housing 2 to the first housing 1.
Furthermore, the slanting surface 21 of the second conduit means 13 protrudes largely into the first housing 1 and thereby protruding the outer edge portion of the opening of the second conduit means 13 to the first housing 1, whereb~ the coarse fragments returned through the second conduit means 13 can be brought to the suitable crushing position more accurately to ensure effective crushing operation.
Figs. 5 ad 6 show another embodiment in which the side partition plate 9 of annular shape is provided with a barrier plate 20 adjacent thereto rotatable in a circumferential direction by a handle 22. When rotated, the barrier plate 20 changes the size of the opening of the second conduit means 13 and thereby controls the amount of the coarse fragments to be returned from the second housing 2 to the first housing 1.
If for example a large quantity of coarse fragments are sent from the first housing 1 into the second housing without being finely divided, the barrier plate 20 is adjusted to enlarge the opening of the second conduit means 13. This increases the quantity of the fragments sent back into the first housing 1, in which the material is further crushed to smaller sizes and then discharged into the second housing 2.
Fig. 7 shows another embodiment which is adapted to control the quantity of the fragments to be returned to the - lQ3~4Z
first housing 1 as in Figs. 5 and 6. A barrier plate 20 operable from outside the apparatus by a handle 22 is fixedly provided ~ over the inner peripheral surface of the annular second conduit i means 13 and is movable in the direction of axis 3. The interior space of the second conduit means 13 enlarges toward the first housing 1. The barrier plate 20, when moved, controls the size j of the opening of the interior space of the second conduit means 13.
Indicated at 23 is a guide which is secured to the side wall 12 by bolts and nuts or the like.
Though in the embodiment described herein the side partition plate 9 serves dually as one of the side walls of the irst housing 1 and that of the second housing 2, it is possible ¦ to arrange the two housing 1, 2 at a suitable distance from each ~ other by providing each of the housings with a side wall plate.
1 The single side partition plate 9 serving dually as in said embodiment, of course, helps simplify the construction. In addition, other merits as below may be expected.
~ When crushing materials which have brittleness at low l 20 temperature such as rubber, plastics, etc., they are usually refrigerated by means of refrigerant prior to feeding into the crushing apparatus. In the case of processing such refrigerated material in a crushing apparatus and a classifying apparatus with some distance therebetween the coarse fragments of the crushed material to be returned to the crushing apparatus are liable to warm up during their return trip, making it difficult to crush at the second round. In order to remove this setback an extra apparatus for cooling the coarse fragments is required, which is a disadvantage in respect of equipment and economy.
The coarse fragments are effectively prevented from warming up by partitioning the two adjacent housings 1, 2 with the single partition plate 9 as described hereinbefore. Furthermore, said ~3884Z
coarse fragments are exposed to the gas stream within the second housing 2 and are expected to remain cool. Thus a low con-sumption of the refrigerant for precooling the material is assured, and the addition of a cooling means is not required, which amount to an advantage in respect of economy and equipment.
, 10
Claims (10)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A crushing apparatus having a centrifugal classi-fier comprising a first housing and a second housing substantially coaxial with each other; first conduit means and second conduit means for communicating the first housing and the second housing, the first conduit means being connected to both the housings at a position proximate to the peripheral walls thereof and having an annular cross section, the second conduit means being connected to both the housings at a position closer to the axis of the housings than the first conduit means; hammer means disposed with-in the first housing and rotatable about its axis; a chute con-nected to the first housing at a position closer to the axis than the first conduit means, and discharge means connected to the second housing at a position closer to the axis than the second conduit means; the first conduit means permitting a whirling gas stream produced in the first housing by the rotation of the hammer means to flow into the second housing and circulate about its axis therein, the second conduit means permitting a portion of the circulating gas to flow into the first housing, the dis-charge means serving to let the remainder of the circulating gas out of the second housing, whereby a material fed to the interior of the first housing is crushed by the hammer means and is then sent by the gas through the first conduit means into the second housing to circulate about its axis therein, the circulating material is classified into coarse fragments and fine fragments by the cooperative action of centrifugal force and conveying force of the gas stream, the fine fragments are sent to the discharge means by the gas stream and the coarse fragments are sent through the second conduit means into the first housing by the gas stream.
2. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which the axis of the housings is substantially horizontal.
3. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1 or 2 wherein a plurality of guide vanes for the gas stream are provided in the interior of the second housing in proximity to an opening of the first conduit means, each of the guide vanes being fixable and pivotable about an axis substantially parallel to the axis of the second housing.
4. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1 or 2 wherein a barrier plate is provided to open the second conduit means to a variable extent.
5. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1 or 2 wherein an inner side surface of the second housing provided with the dis-charge means and opposed to the conduit means is slanted to con-strict the interior space of the second housing toward the axis.
6. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1 or 2 wherein an opening of the first conduit means to the second housing is posi-tioned further into the second housing than a corresponding opening of the second conduit means.
7. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1 or 2 wherein an outer edge portion of the second conduit means protrudes into the first housing.
8. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1 or 2 wherein, the inner surface of an outer portion of the second conduit means is slanted with respect to the axis of the housings to enlarge the interior space of the second conduit means toward the first housing.
9. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1 or 2 wherein both the conduit means are defined by a partition plate separating the housings from each other.
10. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1 or 2 wherein a plurality of guide vanes for the gas stream are provided in the interior of the second housing in proximity to the opening of the first conduit means, each of the guide vanes being fixable and pivotable about an axis substantially parallel to the axis of the second housing, an inner side surface of the second housing provided with the discharge means and opposed to the conduit means is slanted to constrict the interior space of the second housing toward the axis, the opening of the first conduit means to the second housing is positioned closer to the second housing than a corresponding opening of the second conduit means, an outer edge portion of the second conduit means protrudes into the first housing, and, along a plane passing through the axis, the inner surface of the outer portion of the second conduit means is slanted with respect to the axis of the housing to enlarge the interior space of the second conduit means toward the first housing.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10534073A JPS5333783B2 (en) | 1973-09-18 | 1973-09-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1038842A true CA1038842A (en) | 1978-09-19 |
Family
ID=14404992
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA209,491A Expired CA1038842A (en) | 1973-09-18 | 1974-09-18 | Crushing apparatus having centrifugal classifier |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3917175A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5333783B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1038842A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2444657C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2243735B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1481997A (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NZ198677A (en) * | 1980-11-01 | 1985-11-08 | Sardon Int Ltd | Pulveriser with classifier |
| DE3203324C2 (en) * | 1982-02-02 | 1985-07-18 | Maschinenfabrik B.Maier GmbH & Co KG, 4800 Bielefeld | Centrifugal mill |
| JPS58163748U (en) * | 1982-04-27 | 1983-10-31 | 三菱農機株式会社 | Lubricating oil supply device in transmission case |
| GB2149688A (en) * | 1983-11-18 | 1985-06-19 | Geoffrey Thomas King | Hammer mill |
| JPS61283361A (en) * | 1985-06-05 | 1986-12-13 | 株式会社 奈良機械製作所 | Impact crusher |
| JPH0219654Y2 (en) * | 1985-12-03 | 1990-05-30 | ||
| DE4101343C1 (en) * | 1991-01-18 | 1992-01-02 | Pallmann Maschinenfabrik Gmbh & Co Kg, 6660 Zweibruecken, De | |
| GB9317849D0 (en) * | 1993-08-27 | 1993-10-13 | Bpb Industries Plc | Improvements in calcination |
| US5564635A (en) * | 1993-09-29 | 1996-10-15 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | Apparatus for dry disintegration of used paper |
| US6196480B1 (en) | 1999-03-22 | 2001-03-06 | Fukuda Metal Foil & Powder Co., Ltd. | Ball mill, a method for preparing fine metal powder, and fine metal powder prepared by the method |
| DE102013217164A1 (en) * | 2013-08-28 | 2015-03-05 | Panel Board Holding Bv | comminution device |
| CN105728147B (en) * | 2016-03-07 | 2018-05-08 | 钟文虎 | Counter-impact flow pulverizer structure and pulverizer |
| CN107362872B (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2023-10-31 | 洛阳宇航重工科技股份有限公司 | Forced adjustable discharging device for autogenous mill |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2522027A (en) * | 1944-07-11 | 1950-09-12 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Pulverizer arranged for recirculation and classification of material |
| US2939638A (en) * | 1956-10-17 | 1960-06-07 | Strong Scott Mfg Company | Pulverizing and classifying apparatus |
| DE1141864B (en) * | 1961-06-09 | 1962-12-27 | Condux Werk | Sight mill |
-
1973
- 1973-09-18 JP JP10534073A patent/JPS5333783B2/ja not_active Expired
-
1974
- 1974-09-16 US US506532A patent/US3917175A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1974-09-17 GB GB40555/74A patent/GB1481997A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-09-18 CA CA209,491A patent/CA1038842A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-09-18 FR FR7431571A patent/FR2243735B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-09-18 DE DE2444657A patent/DE2444657C2/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2243735B1 (en) | 1976-10-22 |
| JPS5054957A (en) | 1975-05-14 |
| GB1481997A (en) | 1977-08-03 |
| DE2444657A1 (en) | 1975-06-19 |
| FR2243735A1 (en) | 1975-04-11 |
| JPS5333783B2 (en) | 1978-09-16 |
| US3917175A (en) | 1975-11-04 |
| DE2444657C2 (en) | 1983-11-17 |
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