CA1036386A - Apparatus for determining the smoke density of flue gases of gas and fuel oil - Google Patents
Apparatus for determining the smoke density of flue gases of gas and fuel oilInfo
- Publication number
- CA1036386A CA1036386A CA227,309A CA227309A CA1036386A CA 1036386 A CA1036386 A CA 1036386A CA 227309 A CA227309 A CA 227309A CA 1036386 A CA1036386 A CA 1036386A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- determining
- cooler
- fuel oil
- smoke density
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 8
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/0606—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by collecting particles on a support
- G01N15/0618—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by collecting particles on a support of the filter type
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE:
The invention proposes an apparatus for determining the smoke density of flue gases of gas and fuel oil, comprising a cooled sampling thief, a cooler-drier group and a piston pump. This apparatus improves the uniformity of the obtained soot spot, and thereby the accuracy and repeatability of the optical or visual determinations.
The invention proposes an apparatus for determining the smoke density of flue gases of gas and fuel oil, comprising a cooled sampling thief, a cooler-drier group and a piston pump. This apparatus improves the uniformity of the obtained soot spot, and thereby the accuracy and repeatability of the optical or visual determinations.
Description
10363~6 The present i~vention relates to an apparatus for deter-mining the smoke den~ity of flue ga~es.
Generally, the determination of the ~moke density i8 carried out by separating, from a known volume of flue gas, the solid unburnt by filtration through a paper or the like. ~he amount of separated solid i8 then evaluated by visual comparison with a set of spots having a grey tonality ranging from white to black, an increasing smoke density corresponding thereto. Such a comparison give~ an generally accepted indication both aa to the completeness of the combustion reaction and to the degree of the comburent/combustible mixing in function of the air/combusti-ble ratio. In this regard, several devices are known, which are used for the determination of such a density.
The9e devices present, more or less, noticeable drawbacks, among which can be mentioned the following ones: unsatisfactory uni~ormity of the soot spot, important deterioration of some parts of these spots and poor repeatability of the tests.
~ he subject in~ention proposes an apparatus for determi- -ning the smoke density (thereinafter called I.F.) which improves the uniformity of the soot spot.
~ he apparatus according to the present invention also improves the accuracy and repeatability of determinations of the smoke density of the distillates in general and in particular of the fuel oils up to ~iscosities of about 18 Engler at 50C.
The ap~a ~tus according to the prese~t invention, com-oo prises a thcrmoota~s~ sampling thief, a cooler-drier group and a piston pump. ~he filtering through the paper occurs at a tem-~; perature remarkably lower than the run~ing temperature of the flue gase~. ~hls temperature i~ kept constant by water, air or another suitable ~luid cooling. ~he filtration is optimized by a suitable ~::
choice of the diameter of the sampling thief and of the value of the depres ion in the sucking phase.
.:,,...
.
, ~ , , . . -~()363t~6 ~he in~ention will be ~ow further under~tood wlth refe-rence to the followi~g description of an embodlment, referencea being made to accompanying drawings.
~he apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises the following elements:
a) a sampling thief suitably cooled orthogonally arranged with respect to the flue gas flow;
b) a tight clamping system for the filtering paper;
¢) a oooling-drying system for the sampled gase~;
d) an exhaust electric val~e for the already filtered gases,and e) a sucking syringe.
~ig. 1 - shows a general view of the apparatus according to the present invention with the relevant components.
~ ~ig. 2 - shows in longitudinal section the sucking 3 ~yringe of the apparatus according to the present in~ention.
Fig. 3 - 6hows one of the two elements sealing the piston of the syringe of fig. 2.
~ig. 4 - shows two soot spots obtained, respectively, with the apparatus according to the present in~ention and with a prior art apparatus.
The apparatus according to the present invention will be described in operation.
~lue gas 2, at a known temperature, coming from ths lower part of a stack 1 is sucked by syringe 3 through a thief 4 having - a suitable diameter and suitably cooled by a water, air or another suitable fluid ~acket, the inlet and outlet of which are respecti-~ely numbered 5 and 6. ~lue gas 2 reaches,through thief 4, the tight filtering system 7 of filtering paper 8.
` 30 ~he flue gas 29 when pas~ed through filtering paper 8, pas~es through the cooler 9 wherein it i8 suitably cooled for eliminating the most condensate. ~rier iO, preferably of spheri-
Generally, the determination of the ~moke density i8 carried out by separating, from a known volume of flue gas, the solid unburnt by filtration through a paper or the like. ~he amount of separated solid i8 then evaluated by visual comparison with a set of spots having a grey tonality ranging from white to black, an increasing smoke density corresponding thereto. Such a comparison give~ an generally accepted indication both aa to the completeness of the combustion reaction and to the degree of the comburent/combustible mixing in function of the air/combusti-ble ratio. In this regard, several devices are known, which are used for the determination of such a density.
The9e devices present, more or less, noticeable drawbacks, among which can be mentioned the following ones: unsatisfactory uni~ormity of the soot spot, important deterioration of some parts of these spots and poor repeatability of the tests.
~ he subject in~ention proposes an apparatus for determi- -ning the smoke density (thereinafter called I.F.) which improves the uniformity of the soot spot.
~ he apparatus according to the present invention also improves the accuracy and repeatability of determinations of the smoke density of the distillates in general and in particular of the fuel oils up to ~iscosities of about 18 Engler at 50C.
The ap~a ~tus according to the prese~t invention, com-oo prises a thcrmoota~s~ sampling thief, a cooler-drier group and a piston pump. ~he filtering through the paper occurs at a tem-~; perature remarkably lower than the run~ing temperature of the flue gase~. ~hls temperature i~ kept constant by water, air or another suitable ~luid cooling. ~he filtration is optimized by a suitable ~::
choice of the diameter of the sampling thief and of the value of the depres ion in the sucking phase.
.:,,...
.
, ~ , , . . -~()363t~6 ~he in~ention will be ~ow further under~tood wlth refe-rence to the followi~g description of an embodlment, referencea being made to accompanying drawings.
~he apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises the following elements:
a) a sampling thief suitably cooled orthogonally arranged with respect to the flue gas flow;
b) a tight clamping system for the filtering paper;
¢) a oooling-drying system for the sampled gase~;
d) an exhaust electric val~e for the already filtered gases,and e) a sucking syringe.
~ig. 1 - shows a general view of the apparatus according to the present invention with the relevant components.
~ ~ig. 2 - shows in longitudinal section the sucking 3 ~yringe of the apparatus according to the present in~ention.
Fig. 3 - 6hows one of the two elements sealing the piston of the syringe of fig. 2.
~ig. 4 - shows two soot spots obtained, respectively, with the apparatus according to the present in~ention and with a prior art apparatus.
The apparatus according to the present invention will be described in operation.
~lue gas 2, at a known temperature, coming from ths lower part of a stack 1 is sucked by syringe 3 through a thief 4 having - a suitable diameter and suitably cooled by a water, air or another suitable fluid ~acket, the inlet and outlet of which are respecti-~ely numbered 5 and 6. ~lue gas 2 reaches,through thief 4, the tight filtering system 7 of filtering paper 8.
` 30 ~he flue gas 29 when pas~ed through filtering paper 8, pas~es through the cooler 9 wherein it i8 suitably cooled for eliminating the most condensate. ~rier iO, preferably of spheri-
- 2 -, :
. ..
1C~3~ 3 ~6 cal ~hape, contains silica gel for retaining the condensate re-mainder with an indicator for signali~g by its colour change the exhaustion thereof.
This group 9 - 10 prevents the rec~cle of acld substances producing remarkable modifications of the materials constituting the apparatus.
The flue gas 2, so cooled and dried, reaches the syringe
. ..
1C~3~ 3 ~6 cal ~hape, contains silica gel for retaining the condensate re-mainder with an indicator for signali~g by its colour change the exhaustion thereof.
This group 9 - 10 prevents the rec~cle of acld substances producing remarkable modifications of the materials constituting the apparatus.
The flue gas 2, so cooled and dried, reaches the syringe
3, passing through a non-return valve 11, and fills the volume of syringe 3 made a~ailable by piston 12 when being in position of ~0 aucking limit stop.
~he head of piston 12 comprises two symmetrical eleme~ts 13 having a ilanged edge for improving the ealing of syringe 3.
Several piston strokes are given for each soot spot.
In the compression phase, the flue~7s i8 evacuated from the circuit through a valve 14. Thus, the gluc gas i8 prevented to be rec~cled in an opposite direction this avoids an eventual detachment o~ the soot from filtering paper ~
Fig. 4 shows two soot spot~ 15 and 16 obtained, respecti-~ely, with a prior art apparatus having usual snd known elemen~ s and with the same apparatus in combination with a thief ~hormoata-~h~ according to the present invention, a cooler-drier group and double seal piston head.
Comparing soot spot~ 15 and 16 of fig. 4 the different distribution of the soot particles 15 presents clearly a higher concentration in the central zone; the æpot 16, obtained with the apparatus according to the invention, presents, on the contrary, an uniform distribution of the particles on the whole impact zone.
~pot ~6 allow~ therefore an optical evaluation more reliable, quick and accurate.
By a suitable choice of the size parameters and running conditions, the smoke densities given by the apparatus according to the present in~ention suit the ones obtained accodring to AS~M
rules.
~he head of piston 12 comprises two symmetrical eleme~ts 13 having a ilanged edge for improving the ealing of syringe 3.
Several piston strokes are given for each soot spot.
In the compression phase, the flue~7s i8 evacuated from the circuit through a valve 14. Thus, the gluc gas i8 prevented to be rec~cled in an opposite direction this avoids an eventual detachment o~ the soot from filtering paper ~
Fig. 4 shows two soot spot~ 15 and 16 obtained, respecti-~ely, with a prior art apparatus having usual snd known elemen~ s and with the same apparatus in combination with a thief ~hormoata-~h~ according to the present invention, a cooler-drier group and double seal piston head.
Comparing soot spot~ 15 and 16 of fig. 4 the different distribution of the soot particles 15 presents clearly a higher concentration in the central zone; the æpot 16, obtained with the apparatus according to the invention, presents, on the contrary, an uniform distribution of the particles on the whole impact zone.
~pot ~6 allow~ therefore an optical evaluation more reliable, quick and accurate.
By a suitable choice of the size parameters and running conditions, the smoke densities given by the apparatus according to the present in~ention suit the ones obtained accodring to AS~M
rules.
Claims (4)
1. Apparatus for determining the smoke density of flue gases of gas and fuel oil, characterized in that it comprises a cooled sampling thief, a cooler-drier group and a piston pump.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the sampling thief is cooled by a water, air or another suitable fluid jacket.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooler-drier group comprises a cooler and a drier contai-ning silica gel or another drying means with an indicator for signaling by its colour change the exhaustion of the silica gel or the other drying means.
4. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the pump piston presents a double seal head.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT23015/74A IT1012692B (en) | 1974-05-21 | 1974-05-21 | EQUIPMENT FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE SMOKE INDEX OF COMBUSTION OF DIESEL AND OIL COM BUSTIBIL |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1036386A true CA1036386A (en) | 1978-08-15 |
Family
ID=11202902
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA227,309A Expired CA1036386A (en) | 1974-05-21 | 1975-05-20 | Apparatus for determining the smoke density of flue gases of gas and fuel oil |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT372789B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE829318A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1036386A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH592878A5 (en) |
| CS (1) | CS210652B2 (en) |
| DD (1) | DD118722A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2522257C3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2272389B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1505527A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1012692B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7505839A (en) |
| YU (1) | YU37402B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA753290B (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4122658A1 (en) * | 1991-07-09 | 1993-01-21 | Msi Elektronik Gmbh | Soot measuring probe for chimney gases - has condenser for condensing gas moisture content |
| DE19722904C2 (en) * | 1997-05-29 | 1999-11-11 | M & R Mes Und Regelungstechnik | Cold trap for measuring gas containing water vapor |
| CN106596208B (en) * | 2017-02-13 | 2023-11-28 | 谢文生 | Flue gas sampling device and flow field diagnosis method |
| CN108008086A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-05-08 | 武汉洪兴伟业环境科技有限公司 | The cancellation element of flue gas feeler lever systematic error in flue gas analyzer calibration process |
| CN110018092B (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2022-02-22 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Gas boiler flue gas particulate matter detection device |
| CN110132663B (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2024-02-09 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Flue gas sampling auxiliary device suitable for high Wen Zhengya flue |
| CN112179816A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-01-05 | 杭州西非电子信息技术有限公司 | Flue gas particle monitoring and processing device for factory chimney emission |
| CN112798365B (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2024-05-03 | 深圳市能源环保有限公司 | Novel garbage incineration high-temperature flue gas sampling gun |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1014347B (en) * | 1956-02-02 | 1957-08-22 | Beth Ag Maschf | Measuring device for the dust content of gases |
| DE1169162B (en) * | 1962-07-20 | 1964-04-30 | Maihak Ag | Gas sampling device with water cooling for hot, dusty gases for the purpose of gas analysis |
| DE1815045A1 (en) * | 1968-12-17 | 1970-06-25 | Hartmann & Braun Ag | Gas sampling apparatus for very hot gases |
-
1974
- 1974-05-21 IT IT23015/74A patent/IT1012692B/en active
-
1975
- 1975-05-16 YU YU1264/75A patent/YU37402B/en unknown
- 1975-05-16 NL NL7505839A patent/NL7505839A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-05-20 GB GB21646/75A patent/GB1505527A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-05-20 DD DD186140A patent/DD118722A5/xx unknown
- 1975-05-20 AT AT0381575A patent/AT372789B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-05-20 FR FR7515723A patent/FR2272389B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1975-05-20 CA CA227,309A patent/CA1036386A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-05-20 DE DE2522257A patent/DE2522257C3/en not_active Expired
- 1975-05-20 CS CS753522A patent/CS210652B2/en unknown
- 1975-05-21 CH CH649675A patent/CH592878A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-05-21 BE BE156560A patent/BE829318A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-05-21 ZA ZA00753290A patent/ZA753290B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CS210652B2 (en) | 1982-01-29 |
| DE2522257B2 (en) | 1978-07-13 |
| YU126475A (en) | 1983-04-27 |
| FR2272389B1 (en) | 1978-11-24 |
| GB1505527A (en) | 1978-03-30 |
| DE2522257A1 (en) | 1976-01-15 |
| AT372789B (en) | 1983-11-10 |
| CH592878A5 (en) | 1977-11-15 |
| BE829318A (en) | 1975-09-15 |
| IT1012692B (en) | 1977-03-10 |
| NL7505839A (en) | 1975-11-25 |
| DE2522257C3 (en) | 1979-03-22 |
| DD118722A5 (en) | 1976-03-12 |
| FR2272389A1 (en) | 1975-12-19 |
| YU37402B (en) | 1984-08-31 |
| ZA753290B (en) | 1976-05-26 |
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