BR112020011177A2 - mosquito repellent composition - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an insect repellent composition, which comprises: a steam-active pyrethroid; a flammable bulk material; and a binder; where the steam active pyrethroid is selected from a or more from the selected group of metoflutrin, transflutrin, dimeflutrin, meperflutrin, renoflutrin and heptaflutrin. The invention also includes a method of preparing an insect repellent composition, an article comprising the composition, a kit comprising that article and a method of repelling insects by lighting the composition.

Description

Invention Patent Descriptive Report for: “MOSQUITO REPELLENT COMPOSITION” Field of the Invention

[001] The present invention relates to a composition and a method for repelling insects, in particular, flying insects, such as mosquitoes.

Background

[002] The listing or discussion of a document apparently previously published in this specification should not necessarily be taken as an acknowledgment that the document is part of the state of the art or is a common general knowledge.

[003] In several regions of the world, the buzz of a mosquito can be more than a distraction. It can announce a bite that can transmit an illness to an individual, such as malaria, dengue, chikungunya and zika. As such, even when an individual has tried to protect himself from being bitten by the use of an insect repellent, the repellent may not be effective until the mosquito is within inches of the individual. The proximity of the mosquito can cause feelings of irritation in the individual due to the constant humming of the mosquito, and even anxiety or panic if they fear being bitten.

[004] Other pest species can also pose a sting or sting threat to an individual, whose sting or sting can be irritating or, at worst, life-threatening due to anaphylaxis.

Such species include, but are not limited to, maruim, straw mosquitoes, rubber flies, house flies, Australian flies, green flies, horse flies, bees, wasps, ants, cockroaches, leeches, ticks and mites. Although most (but not all) of these species are not disease vectors, their presence in and around humans and animals can be distressing for the individuals involved for several reasons.

[005] In view of the above, there have been many efforts to keep these pests away from humans and / or animals, with varying degrees of success. These efforts have generally focused on physical barriers, pesticidal compositions and repellent compositions.

[006] Physical barriers, such as mosquito nets, which can be impregnated with pesticides and / or repellents, have proven to be effective in preventing an individual's bite, as long as the person remains in one place, as if the person is sleeping. However, these barriers are impractical for a person on the move (due to restricted movement) or in a recreational environment, inside or outside, where the barrier can prevent the satisfaction of the surrounding environment.

[007] Pesticides have been used with limited success in reducing or eliminating bite threats to an individual located indoors (for example, while indoors). Pesticides were supplied as aerosol sprays, combustible spiral repellents and in the form of electrical devices that release pesticides into the atmosphere over a period of time. All of these forms depend on the release of an effective amount of the pesticide into the atmosphere, in order to rid a defined space of pest species during the period of effectiveness of the pesticide.

[008] The active agents (particularly insecticides / pesticides) used in conventional spiral repellents are released slowly into the environment as the spiral smokes. As such, spiral repellents (and similar products) require an initialization period before they can provide a sufficient concentration of the pesticide to the enclosed environment to provide an acceptable level of protection. In other words, the use of a spiral repellent does not provide instant protection against mosquitoes, leading to a period when a user realizes that he is protected when it is not resulting in an increased risk of the user being bitten by a mosquito. In places where mosquitoes are already resistant to some insecticides, it is necessary that a greater amount of insecticide enter the environment before a mosquito is knocked out, thus increasing the initialization period and also increasing the risk of mosquito bites. Conventional spiral repellents must also burn for a long period of time to provide protection. This means that there may be a risk of fire if they are used indoors, such as to protect a user while they are sleeping, or at least a possibility that the user will feel uncomfortable due to the smoke generated as the spiral burns. .

[009] JP2011012056 discloses a method to control pests in which a pyrethroid compound having a vapor pressure at 30 ° C of 2 × 10-4 to 1 × 10-2 mm Hg is released when a spiral repellent is burned. The specification indicates that the pyrethroid has a particle size of less than 1 µm and, therefore, is transported to the atmosphere in the smoke generated by the burning of the spiral as small particles, in addition to being volatilized by heating. These spirals contain a greater amount of insecticidal component compared to conventional spiral repellents, apparently to prevent the volatilization rate of the insecticidal component from decreasing as the spiral burns and insecticide particles are transported in the smoke generated by the burning.

[0010] Thus, an alternative to spiral repellents is needed to allow quick release of the (s)

active agent (s), providing a prolonged period of protection without excessive insecticide load and without the need to generate smoke for a prolonged period taking particulate insecticide into the atmosphere.

Summary of the Invention

[0011] In a first aspect, an insect repellent composition is provided which comprises: a steam-active pyrethroid; a flammable bulk material; and a binder; wherein the steam active pyrethroid is selected from one or more of the selected group of meperflutrin, renoflutrin, heptaflutrin and, more particularly, metoflutrin, transflutrin and dimeflutrin, and the steam active pyrethroid is present in an amount in order to provide a rate of release so that: where the pyrethroid is metoflutrin, the release rate is 0.05 to 0.30 mg per minute; where the pyrethroid is transflutrin, the release rate is 0.15 to 0.45 mg per minute; where the pyrethroid is dimeflutrin, the release rate is 0.05 to 0.50 mg per minute; where the pyrethroid is meperflutrin, the release rate is 0.04 to 0.40 mg per minute; where the pyrethroid is renoflutrin, the release rate is 0.05 to 0.50 mg per minute; and where the pyrethroid is heptaflutrin, the release rate is 0.05 to 0.50 mg per minute.

[0012] In a second aspect, a method is provided for preparing an insect repellent composition according to the present invention comprising the steps of: a) providing an active steam pyrethroid; b) supply a flammable bulk material; c) providing a binder; and d) mix the active pyrethroid in steam, flammable and agglutinating bulk material with the addition of water.

[0013] In a third aspect, an article is provided comprising an insect repellent composition according to the present invention.

[0014] In a fourth aspect, a kit is provided which comprises an article according to the present invention and a base to support the article.

[0015] In a fifth aspect, an insect repellent method is provided, wherein the method involves igniting an insect repellent composition according to the present invention to repel insects.

description

[0016] The present invention relates to an insect repellent composition comprising an active steam pyrethroid. It further refers to articles comprising the insect repellent composition and methods for preparing the composition and articles made therefrom.

The present invention further relates to a kit containing these articles together with a base to support the article.

It also refers to a method of repelling insects, in which the method involves igniting an insect repellent composition to repel insects.

The composition of the invention comprises a flammable bulk material and a binder, and can optionally contain a preservative and excipients or other additives.

The steam-active pyrethroid is selected from one or more of the group consisting of meperflutrin, renoflutrin,

heptaflutrin and, more particularly, metoflutrin,

transflutrin and dimeflutrin, and is present in an amount to provide a release rate so that:

where the pyrethroid is metoflutrin, the release rate is 0.05 to 0.30 mg per minute;

where the pyrethroid is transflutrin, the release rate is 0.15 to 0.45 mg per minute;

where the pyrethroid is dimeflutrin, the release rate is 0.05 to 0.50 mg per minute;

where the pyrethroid is meperflutrin, the release rate is 0.04 to 0.40 mg per minute;

where the pyrethroid is renoflutrin, the release rate is 0.05 to 0.50 mg per minute; and where the pyrethroid is heptaflutrin, the release rate is 0.05 to 0.50 mg per minute.

[0017] When used in this document, the term "repel" or its equivalents, "repel" or "repellent" generally refers to preventing insects from entering or remaining in a location or preventing them from landing on humans and / or animals, if they enter the place. This includes the situation in which the behavioral impacts of exposure, such as confusion and disorientation, lead to an inability to coordinate landings on a human and / or animal target, in addition to situations in which they are knocked out or killed.

[0018] When used in this document, the term "release rate" is the product of the amount of pyrethroid present in a composition and its evaporation rate divided by the burning time of the bulk material. The person skilled in the art will appreciate that the release rate for each of the pyrethroids may differ, but still achieve the same effect, as long as the release rate allows a sufficient amount of pyrethroid to be released into the environment to cause the knockout of insects. . The present invention achieves an effective knockout without the use of excessive amounts of pyrethroids in the composition, with the present inventors recognizing that a relatively low concentration of pyrethroid in a flammable bulk material can be effective in certain circumstances (for example, indoors) or in closed spaces).

[0019] When used in this document, the term "evaporation rate" means the proportion of pyrethroid present in a composition that is released into the atmosphere as vapor when a composition burns. This will be less than 100%, as, for example, part of the pyrethroid can be degraded as the composition burns.

[0020] When used in this document, the term "combustion time" means the time during which an article produced from the compositions disclosed in that document burns before being consumed or reaches the point where combustion can no longer be supported.

[0021] In one embodiment, the pyrethroid can be metoflutrin and the release rate can be 0.05 to 0.30 mg per minute.

[0022] In one embodiment, the pyrethroid can be dimeflutrin and the release rate can be 0.05 to 0.50 mg per minute.

[0023] In one embodiment, the pyrethroid can be transflutrin and the release rate can be 0.15 to 0.45 mg per minute.

[0024] In one embodiment, the pyrethroid can be meperflutrin and the release rate is 0.04 to 0.40 mg per minute.

[0025] In one embodiment, the pyrethroid can be renoflutrin and the release rate is 0.05 to 0.50 mg per minute.

[0026] In one embodiment, the pyrethroid can be heptaflutrin and the release rate is 0.05 to 0.50 mg per minute.

[0027] In one embodiment, metoflutrin can be provided in an amount within a composition disclosed in that document, so that a release rate of 0.08 to 0.27 mg per minute is achieved. In one embodiment, transflutrin can be provided so that a release rate of 0.16 to 0.45 mg per minute can be achieved.

In one embodiment, dimeflutrin is provided so that a release rate of 0.06 to 0.21 mg per minute can be achieved.

[0028] The person skilled in the art will be able to determine an adequate amount of pyrethroid for inclusion in the composition within the ranges for the release rate set out above. In one embodiment, metoflutrin may be present in an amount of 0.10 to 5.00% by weight, preferably in an amount of 0.50 to 3.00% by weight, more preferably in an amount of 0, 35 to 0.66% by weight. In one embodiment, transflutrin is present in an amount of 0.1 to 5.00% by weight, preferably in an amount of 1.00 to 3.00% by weight, more preferably in an amount of 0.56 to 1.00% by weight. In one embodiment, dimeflutrin may be present in an amount of 0 to 5.00% by weight, preferably in an amount of 1.00 to 3.00% by weight, more preferably in an amount of 0.24 to 1.10% by weight.

[0029] The pyrethroid can be supplied in any physical form. In one embodiment, the pyrethroid can be supplied in the form of the compound per se. The compounds can be in solid, semi-solid or liquid form.

[0030] Typically, when the compound per se is supplied, it can be designated as "technical grade". In an alternative embodiment, the pyrethroid can be supplied in the form of an emulsifiable concentrate. In an additional embodiment, the pyrethroid can be supplied in the form of a microemulsion.

[0031] Any suitable flammable bulk material can be used. In one embodiment, the flammable bulk material may be a powdered form of a substance selected from one or more of the group consisting of wood, sawdust, paper, cardboard, coconut shell, flour made from leaves or shells of nuts other than coconut shell, jute, cane bagasse, rice husk, tea waste, coffee waste, charcoal and pyrethrum bagasse.

[0032] In one embodiment, the flammable bulk material may be a substance selected from one or more of the group consisting of wood flour, coconut shell powder, charcoal powder and pyrethrum bagasse.

[0033] The person skilled in the art will be able to determine an appropriate amount of the flammable material in bulk for inclusion in the composition. The amount of the flammable bulk material will be influenced by the flammability of the chosen material and the desired burning time, as well as the nature of the other components in the composition. In one embodiment, the flammable bulk material can be supplied in an amount of 60 to 95% w / w, preferably 70 to 90% w / w, more preferably 75 to 85% w / w.

[0034] Any suitable binder can be used. In one embodiment, the binder can be selected from one or more materials selected from Joss powder, starch, Makko powder, taboo powder, carboxymethylcellulose, guar gum, tapioca starch, tamarind starch and tamarind stone powder.

[0035] In one embodiment, the binder can be selected from one or more materials selected from Joss powder, starch, Makko powder, taboo powder, carboxymethylcellulose and guar gum.

[0036] In one embodiment, the binder can be Joss powder and / or starch. In one embodiment, the Joss-to-starch powder ratio is 4: 1 to 6: 1.

[0037] The person skilled in the art will be able to determine an adequate amount of binder for inclusion in the composition. The amount of binder will be influenced by the binding strength of the binder, as well as the nature of the other components in the composition. In one embodiment, the binder can be supplied in an amount of 5 to 40% w / w, preferably 10 to 30% w / w, more preferably 15 to 20% w / w.

[0038] In one embodiment, the insect repellent composition may additionally comprise a preservative. For example, the preservative can be selected from one or more materials selected from sodium dehydroacetate, potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate (for example, sodium dehydroacetate and sodium benzoate, such as sodium dehydroacetate).

[0039] The person skilled in the art will be able to determine an adequate amount of preservative for inclusion in the composition. The function of the preservative is to prevent the growth of mold and microorganisms that can affect the performance or appearance of an article that comprises the composition. The amount of preservative will be influenced by the desired shelf life, as well as the nature of the other components in the composition. The preservative can be supplied in an amount of 0 to 5% w / w, preferably 0.05 to 3% w / w, more preferably 0.1 to 1% w / w.

[0040] In one embodiment, the insect repellent composition additionally comprises other additives or excipients. Other additives include, but are not limited to, emulsifying agents, accelerators or oxygen suppliers for fuels, retardants, preservatives, coloring agents and perfumes. These can be incorporated into the composition or, in some cases, can be applied as an external coating to an article formed from the composition.

[0041] A coloring agent allows an article comprising the composition to be colored for aesthetic reasons. In one embodiment, the coloring agent may be present in an amount of 0 to 5% w / w, more preferably 0.1 to 0.5% w / w. Suitable coloring agents include, but are not limited to, malachite green, carmoisin red and rhodamine B. The presence of a perfume in an article provides a pleasant aroma to the consumer when the article is burned. In one embodiment, the perfume may be present in the article in an amount of 0 to 1% w / w, more particularly 0.1 to 0.5% w / w.

Suitable perfumes include, but are not limited to, jasmine or other floral oils or synthetic versions of them. Joss powder can also act as a perfume. Perfumes are generally introduced to the surface of an article by immersion after the article is formed.

[0042] An emulsifying agent may be present in the composition. The emulsifying agent can be combined with the pyrethroid before being added to the composition, or the emulsifying agent and the pyrethroid can be added separately. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the emulsifying agent is introduced into the composition using an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) that contains the pyrethroid in solution in an organic solvent, as well as at least one emulsifying agent. Typically, the emulsifying agent may be present in the EC in an amount of 5 to 25% w / w, preferably 10 to 20% w / w. A range of emulsifying agent may be used, including, but not limited to, any one or a combination of anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, nonionic and polymeric surfactants. Solvents typically used in EC formulations include hydrocarbon fluids, for example, de-aromatised fluids, isoparaffinic fluids and aromatic fluids.

[0043] An oxygen supplier or accelerator, if present, acts by increasing the rate at which the substrate is consumed by fire. The oxygen supplier or accelerator may be present in an amount of 0 to 5% w / w.

Suitable accelerators or oxygen suppliers for the fuel include, but are not limited to, potassium nitrate and lead acetate. A retardant, if present, acts to decrease the rate at which the substrate is consumed by fire. The retardant can be present in an amount of 0 to 5% w / w. Suitable retardants include, but are not limited to, potassium carbonate, boric acid and talc.

[0044] In one embodiment, the composition can be prepared from: a steam-active pyrethroid selected from metoflutrin and dimeflutrin, alone or in combination, in which the pyrethroid can be present in an amount of 0.2 to 1.0 % in w / w; covering metoflutrin and dimeflutrin.

a flammable bulk material that can be one or more of the group consisting of wood flour, coconut shell powder, charcoal powder and pyrethrum bagasse and can be present in an amount of 70 to 90% w / w ; a binder that can be Joss powder and -starch in w / w ratio of Joss powder: -starch from 4: 1 to 6: 1 a preservative that can be sodium dehydroacetate, which can be present in an amount of 0.1 0.5% w / w; and excipients and / or additives that may be present in an amount of 0.5 to 5% w / w.

[0045] In one embodiment, a dosage form of 1.3 to 1.5 g of the composition is provided containing at least 0.25% w / w of metoflutrin and / or dimeflutrin. This composition is capable of providing a KT50 of 7.0 minutes to 10 minutes in a 30 m3 room, when tested using Culex quinquefasciatus in a fly test that flies immediately after substantially complete pyrolysis of the composition. The composition additionally provides a KT 50 of 21 minutes to 60 minutes under the same conditions 8 hours later. Typically, the dosage forms disclosed in that document may be able to provide a KT50 of 7.0 minutes to 8.5 minutes after substantially complete consumption of the composition and a KT50 of 22 minutes to 33 minutes 8 hours later.

[0046] In one embodiment, the composition may additionally comprise water. Water is usually added to facilitate mixing and shaping the composition. Water will generally be removed by drying when the composition has been modeled, although some residual water may remain in the composition and article after formation.

[0047] In addition, meperflutrin, renoflutrin, heptaflutrin and transflutrin can also be used in compositions similar to those described above for metoflutrin and dimeflutrin. In these compositions, meperflutrin, renoflutrin, heptaflutrin and transflutrin may be present alone or in combination with one or more of the other active agents mentioned in that document (including metoflutrin and dimeflutrin).

[0048] The person skilled in the art will understand that the compositions of the present invention can be prepared in various ways and then incorporated into an article.

Typically, the flammable bulk material and the binder are ground to form a powder, combined and added to the water containing the pyrethroid and other materials such as dye, fragrance, binder and preservatives. The insect repellent composition thus produced takes the form of a mass, and can be transformed into an article.

[0049] The article can be any article, even in the conventional form of a spiral or a stick, but it can also include other arrangements. For example, the composition can be provided in a form that is contained within a vessel or container and will be ignited in it. That vessel or container would be partially opened to the atmosphere. For example, it could have an opening exposing the insect repellent composition, or the insect repellent composition can be located in a chamber inside the article with chamber openings, so that the vaporized pyrethroid can be introduced into the atmosphere.

[0050] It will be appreciated that an article can take the form of a spiral or a stick. Spirals can be formed as flat circular, hexagonal propellers or otherwise in a process that involves rolling or pressing a sheet of dough formed in the process described above to a uniform thickness, followed by cutting spirals and baking to remove moisture. The coated sticks can be prepared by coating a thin wooden stick with dough formed in the process described above.

[0051] Alternatively, molding or other modeling processes (for example, vacuum forming) can be employed to model the mass formed in the process described above.

[0052] In one embodiment, an article is molded from an insect repellent composition. In one embodiment, a base is cast on the article. Alternatively, a base can be provided with the article for insertion into it before use. For example, a small opening can be incorporated or formed in the article, and this can be used to locate the article on a vertical pin, which is part of a support for the article. This support can also be part of a plate or tray that is used to collect the ash from the item consumed by the fire.

[0053] An article molded according to the present invention can be formed in any suitable form. The article can be in the form of a spiral or form a rod, a plate, a cylinder, a prism, a ball, a pyramid or a cone. A pyramid will have a polygonal base on n sides where n is 3, 4 or more, say 3 to 8, preferably 3 to 6 and typically 3 (ie, a triangular base pyramid) or (ie, a pyramid of square base). A prism will have a polygonal base of n sides, a second base which is a translated copy of the base, and on other faces joining the corresponding sides of the two bases, where n is 3, 4 or more, say 3 to 12, from preferably 4 to 8 and typically 4 (i.e., a rectangular cube or prism), 6 or 8. The article can be truncated, for example, a truncated cone or pyramid (a). The article can take any form, as long as it is possible to light it and keep it in a disposition so that the burning continues for the desired period. The person skilled in the art will understand that certain shapes can be easily molded, but also that the molding process can dictate a departure from the general description of the shape.

For example, a molding process may dictate that a notch is formed in an article to receive a support member during the molding process or to facilitate the removal of the mold. A notch can also be provided to facilitate the stacking of the molded article if, for example, it is generally tapered or generally pyramidal in shape.

Typically, a notch may be provided at the base, but there may also be a depression, a tooth, a groove, or an opening formed (a) in an upper or side surface, if desired.

[0054] The person skilled in the art will appreciate that certain shapes may need to be supported to ensure that the firing continues while others, such as a cone shape or a cylinder, are self-sustaining and can burn without tipping, as long as they are placed on a surface that will not ignite. The shape of an item can be adjusted to make it more stable, for example, by adding a flange to increase the area in contact with a support surface. The shape can also be adjusted for other purposes, such as the incorporation of flaps to facilitate handling. The article can include grooves on any surface or can be standardized in any way. The article can be formed from two or pieces that are joined in any suitable way.

[0055] In one embodiment, the molded article can be self-supporting.

[0056] In one embodiment, the molded article can generally be cone-shaped. It will be appreciated that a generally cone-shaped article may be truncated and may contain a notch on the upper surface (if truncated) or at the base, or both, and may include other structural elements, as set out above.

[0057] Typically, an article shaped according to the present invention weighs 0.5 to 5.0 g, preferably 0.8 g to 3.0 g, more preferably 1.0 to 2.0 g. Weight is influenced by the desire for a typical burning time. In one embodiment, it is desirable for the molded article to burn for ≥10 to 60 minutes, preferably ≥15 to 40 minutes, more preferably ≥20 to 30 minutes. In particularly advantageous embodiments, the present invention provides a small and fast burning product to provide rapid and extended protection against insects, such as mosquitoes. A relatively small cone will burn faster than a larger cone formulated in the same way. The smaller cone will provide protection against insects more quickly than the larger cone, although with a slightly shorter duration for protection. The burning time can also be influenced by the formulation of the cone. For example, the addition of an accelerator will increase the burn time. The selection of the flammable bulk material can also influence the burning time. Consequently, these parameters are selected to achieve a firing time that will provide protection for an appropriate period. A shorter firing time is selected where immediate protection is more important and a longer firing time, where the duration of protection must be emphasized.

[0058] The weight of a molded article can also be influenced by the way in which the pyrethroid is supplied.

When the pyrethroid is supplied in the form of an emulsifiable concentrate, although it does not wish to be bound by theory, it is believed that surfactants and / or organic solvents in the emulsifiable concentrate are present in sufficient quantities to give the insect repellent composition an oily texture, that makes molding difficult for modeling. However, this can be solved by increasing the size of the product, which in turn makes molding in a self-sustaining shape, such as the desirable cone shape, desirable.

[0059] In one embodiment, an article comprising a composition in which an emulsifying agent is present, such as that in which the pyrethroid is supplied in the form of a concentrate or an emulsifiable microemulsion, can be formed in a self-sustaining form, such as a cone.

[0060] The amount of pyrethroid in each molded article can be selected in order to achieve the desired release rate. To a greater or lesser extent, this will be determined by the size of the shaped article. The person skilled in the art can adjust the components of the composition and the size and shape of the molded article to achieve a predetermined firing time and thus achieve the release of the pyrethroid at the desired rate.

[0061] The present invention also provides a kit comprising an article comprising an insect repellent composition and a base to support the article.

[0062] In one embodiment, the article can be friable to a certain extent, and the base can be adapted for insertion in the article. In particular, the base typically comprises a portion adapted to penetrate the article and a portion that serves to support the article when it is attached to the base.

However, the base could also contain support members to support the article without penetration.

[0063] In an arrangement, the article may include an opening where the base is adapted to engage the opening. In an alternative or additional arrangement, the support may comprise a plate or a tray to collect the ash from the item consumed by the fire.

[0064] The kit can additionally include instructions for use.

[0065] The method of the present invention involves igniting an insect repellent composition to repel insects.

This method generally involves igniting one or more articles containing a composition according to the invention.

[0066] It will be appreciated by the person skilled in the art that insects can be killed because pyrethroids are insecticides. The person skilled in the art will further appreciate that knocking out or killing insects serves the purpose of repelling insects and thus protects a person within a place protected by a burnt-out article (s) of the invention against insect bites. The person skilled in the art will also appreciate that the behavioral impacts of insect exposure, such as confusion and disorientation, lead to an inability to coordinate landings on a human and / or animal target, and that this also serves the purpose of repelling insects.

[0067] In one embodiment, the insect repellent composition can be ignited within an enclosed space. In particular, the insect repellent composition can be ignited indoors, as well as in the bedroom, to repel insects while the occupant sleeps.

[0068] The number and spacing of articles molded according to the present invention are determined by several factors. If used indoors, the size and shape of the room will influence the number of items to be placed in each room. If the use is in a partially open space, the size and shape of the space will influence the number of such articles to be placed in each space. This will also be affected, for example, by the degree to which the space is closed and by the presence or absence of a breeze. The size of the molded article and its pyrethroid content will also influence the number of articles to be placed in each room or space. Typically, an article molded according to the invention can provide coverage for a space in a closed room of ≤12.0 m 2, this being a typical room size.

[0069] The compositions of the invention are active against a variety of insects, particularly flying insects. In one embodiment, the insect is selected from one or more of the group consisting of mosquitoes, maruim, straw mosquitoes, rubber flies, house flies, Australian flies, green flies, horse flies, bees, wasps, ants,

cockroaches, leeches, ticks and mites.

[0070] In one embodiment, the insect is a mosquito.

[0071] The person skilled in the art will appreciate that insects in some places have become resistant to the insecticides commonly used in these areas.

[0072] The person skilled in the art will understand that the compositions of the invention, which provide long periods of protection, are likely to be particularly useful in epidemic situations where exposure to mosquitoes must be minimized or even eliminated.

Examples Materials and Methods

[0073] Metoflutrin and dimeflutrin were provided as Emulsifiable Concentrate SumiOne 5% and Microemulsion Detrans 1209 5%, respectively, both obtained from Sumitomo Chemical Asia (Singapore). Transflutrins were of technical grade or analytical standard, and were obtained from Sumitomo Chemical Company, LTD (JAPAN).

[0074] Standard spiral repellents containing 0.2% w / w Pynamin Forte (also referred to here as Malaysia's standard reference spiral) were obtained from a retail store. These spirals are recommended by the Malaysian Standards Department, as detailed in Products for household insecticides - physical, chemical and biological effectiveness requirements - spiral repellent (Fourth revision)

MS 23: PART 1: 2006 Malaysia: Malaysian Standards Department; 2006.

[0075] A paper-based insecticide (also referred to in this document as paper impregnated with transflutrin) was obtained for comparison purposes in Godrej, Indonesia. This paper burns for about three minutes and is impregnated with about 4 mg of transflutrin.

[0076] The female mosquitoes of the Culex quinquefasciatus species were 2-5 days old. The mosquitoes were from a susceptible strain obtained from a laboratory.

[0077] Resistant field mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) were collected in the Gombak district, Selangor, Malaysia, a hot spot for dengue fever (February / March 2017).

[0078] Unless otherwise specified, other chemicals were obtained from standard commercial suppliers.

[0079] A large chamber (L 4.0 m x L 3.0 m x H 2.5 m = 30 m3) was used in the examples below, unless otherwise specified.

Example 1 Formulation and Dispenser

[0080] Table 1 below lists the ingredients that are present in the composition of the insecticide.

Ingredients% w / w 5% EC SumiOneTM with 5.05% 6.93 (containing 0.35% w / w metoflutrin w / w metoflutrin) Sodium dehydroacetate 0.2 Powder Joss 14,11

Coconut Shell Powder The remainder Alfa Starch 3.0 Water Removed by Total Drying 100% Table 1

[0081] The Joss powder, coconut shell powder and alpha starch were weighed and mixed well to form a powder mixture. The sodium dehydroacetate was weighed in a beaker and water was added to form a translucent solution.

The sodium dehydroacetate solution and a metoflutrin composition (5% EC SumiOne with 5.05% w / w metoflutrin) were then added to the powder mixture and the beaker containing the solution was rinsed with water, which also was added to the powder mixture. The resulting mixture was kneaded to form a dough, and then the dough was shaped using a cone-shaped mold (the inner dimension of the cone mold provided a cone with a height of 3.00 cm and a wider diameter of 1.5 cm), with a target weight of 2.50 to 2.70 g per cone while the dough is moist (from 1.30 to 1.50 when dry). The moist cones were dried in an oven under heating at 60ºC until reaching a constant weight (approximately 3 hours).

[0082] It will be appreciated that the amount of water to add to the powder mixture will vary depending on the quality of the base material used.

[0083] The above procedure illustrates only one possible method for preparing the insecticide composition.

Other known methods for the preparation of insecticides can also be used, as long as it results in an insecticide having the composition that is provided by Table 1.

Example 2 Laboratory Tests

[0084] The dry cones containing ~ 5 mg of metoflutrin per cone (prepared by the procedure of Example 1) were then compared to the paper impregnated with transflutrin and the Malaysian standard reference spiral (containing 0.20% w / w of Pynamin Forte) in a large chamber with four walls and a volume of 30 m3. The test protocol uses the free flight method and the procedure used for each of the above is described in more detail below.

Spiral Repellent Test Method (Malaysian Standard)

[0085] A steaming spiral was attached to a metal carrier and after the initial weight had been recorded, it was immediately introduced into the middle of the large chamber, followed by the immediate release of a hundred female mosquitoes (Culex quinquefasciatus) into the chamber. Knocked out mosquitoes (turned upside down) were counted at appropriate intervals for up to 120 minutes. At the end of the observation period, the spiral was weighed again to calculate the burning rate. No fans were used in this test and each test below was repeated 3 to 5 times.

Cone Test Method

[0086] A dry cone was evaluated for slaughter effectiveness at 0, 4 and 8 hours after its introduction into the large chamber. Before testing, a cone was placed on a metal plate in the center of the chamber and was then ignited. The flame was quickly extinguished and was allowed to smoke until the entire cone was spent.

[0087] In an initial test immediately after lighting, a hundred female mosquitoes (Culex quinquefasciatus) were released into the chamber. Fresh batches of one hundred female mosquitoes were released into the chamber at 4 and 8 hours after initial ignition.

In each case, knocked out mosquitoes (turned upside down) were counted at appropriate intervals for up to 120 minutes from the time of release and the KT50 values estimated using Probit Analysis.

Impregnated Paper Test Method

[0088] A paper impregnated with ~ 4 mg of transflutrin was evaluated for the effectiveness of the slaughter at 0, 4 and 8 hours after its introduction into the large chamber of Peet Grady.

Before the test, a piece of paper was placed on a metal plate in the center of the chamber and was then ignited on one side only. The flame was quickly extinguished and was allowed to smoke until all the paper was used up.

[0089] In an initial test immediately after lighting, a hundred female mosquitoes (Culex quinquefasciatus) were released into the chamber. Fresh batches of one hundred female mosquitoes were released into the chamber at 4 and 8 hours after initial ignition. In each case, knocked out mosquitoes (turned upside down) were counted at appropriate intervals for up to 120 minutes from the time of release and the KT 50 values estimated using Probit Analysis.

Results

[0090] The results obtained in the tests are summarized in Table 2.

Sample Quant./Quant./Chamber Time KT50 (minutes) burning Activ. burning 0 Hour 4 Hours 8 Hours Cone 20 to 25 1.3 g 4.6 mg of 7.3 26.3 28.2 minutes. metoflutrin Paper ~ 3 N / A 4.0 mg of 7.5 65.1 92.0 minutes transflutrin Spiral 2 hours 3.3 g / 6.5 mg of 43.4 2 hours Pynamin Forte Table 2

[0091] The test data above demonstrate that the cone provided immediate and prolonged protection against mosquitoes, as soon as it is ignited for up to 8 hours. On the other hand, although the paper provides useful protection immediately after burning, it has limited effectiveness after igniting. As shown, the spiral takes a significant amount of time before it begins to provide useful protection.

[0092] The experiment in Example 2 is repeated, but the comparison was made with the standard Malaysian reference spiral containing 0.6% w / w of Pynamin Forte. It has been found that at least 7.20 mg of metoflutrin is required in the composition to achieve the same or lower KT50 values than the reference.

Example 3

[0093] Cones containing metoflutrin have been compared to cones containing other active pyrethroids in steam and against the Malaysian standard spiral.

Cones

[0094] The recipe and method of Example 1 (drying at 60 ° C) were used to make cones containing one of metoflutrin, dimeflutrin, transflutrin and proflutrin. The amount of active agent in each cone (based on the pure active agent) is adjusted and listed in Table 3 below.

Test Method

[0095] The test method set out in Example 2 for the cone was repeated for each of the cones containing metoflutrin, dimeflutrin, transflutrin and proflutrin, except that data were collected only once 8 hours after initial ignition.

Results

[0096] The results obtained in the tests are shown in Table 3 below.

Sample KT50 (minutes) Metoflutrin (~ 4.5 mg) 29.6 Dimeflutrin (~ 4.5 mg) 21.8 Transflutrin (~ 9 mg) 42.5

Table 3

[0097] As shown in Table 3, dimeflutrin was more active than the other pyrethroids tested, with at least metoflutrin, dimeflutrin and transflutrin proving to be effective for up to 8 hours in a concentration range (efficacy determined based on comparison with KT50 value of the standard spiral).

Reference Example 1 Verification of susceptibility to the laboratory strain and the Gombak strain Aedes aegypti

[0098] The susceptible laboratory and the Aedes aegypti field strain (collected in the dengue endemic area in the Gombak district, Selangor, Malaysia) were compared for susceptibility to the Malaysian standard spiral. The tests were carried out in a Peet Grady chamber (L 1.8 m x L 1.8 m x H 1.8 m = 5.8 m3), using a Pynamin Forte spiral with various concentrations.

Spiral Test Method

[0099] A white paper was placed on the floor of a Peet Grady chamber (5.8 m3). A steaming spiral was attached to a metal support and after recording the initial weight, it was immediately introduced into the Peet Grady Chamber, followed by the immediate release of 100 female mosquitoes into the chamber. Mosquitoes that landed (landed and stayed on the ground) and were knocked out (turned upside down)

were counted at appropriate time intervals for up to 120 minutes. The time required to land and knock out 50% of the test population (LT 50 and KT50, respectively) was analyzed and estimated using Probit Analysis.

Results Coil Aedes aegypti strain of Aedes Pynamin field strain Strong laboratory susceptible to aegypti (%) LT50 KT50 LT50 KT50 0.2 4.5 6.7 # 2 # 2 0.6 # 1 # 1 64.8 # 2 0 , 8 # 1 # 1 50.5 # 2 1.0 # 1 # 1 36.0 78.4 # 1 The bioeffectiveness test was not performed.

# 2 The effectiveness of landing or knockout on 50% of the test population was not achieved within the test time limit (ie, within 120 minutes) Table 4

[00100] The test data show that the field strain of Aedes aegypti has much less susceptibility (that is, much greater tolerance) compared to the susceptible laboratory strain.

Example 4

[00101] The efficacy of metoflutrin and dimeflutrin were evaluated in higher dose cones against the resistant field strain of Aedes aegypti. Both active agents were compared to the standard Malaysian spiral.

Cones

[00102] The recipe and method of Example 1 (drying at 60 ° C) were used to make cones containing one of metoflutrin or dimeflutrin in an amount of 0.35% w / w or 0.60% w / w (with based on pure active agent). This was achieved by using the same amount (to 0.35% w / w) or by reducing the amount (to 0.60% w / w) of powdered coconut shell used in the recipe in Example 1.

Spiral Test Method

[00103] The white paper was placed on the floor of a glass chamber (0.3 m3) and 0.5 g of a spiral repellent was fixed on a spiral support and the two ends were lit. Once the spiral was completely burned, twenty female mosquitoes were released into the chamber by a sliding door and then the timing started.

The landing and knockout of mosquitoes were observed and recorded at appropriate intervals for up to 30 minutes. Landing time (LT 90) and knockout (KT50) values were estimated using Probit analysis.

Cone Test Method

[00104] The white paper was placed on the floor of a glass chamber (0.3 m3) and a cone (0.35% w / w or 0.60% w / w of metoflutrin or dimeflutrin) was placed in a metal plate and lit at the end. The flame was quickly extinguished and the cone was allowed to smoke until completely burned. Twenty female mosquitoes were released into the chamber through a sliding door and then the timing started. The landing and knockout of mosquitoes were observed and recorded at appropriate intervals for up to 30 minutes. Landing time (LT 90) and knockout (KT50) values were estimated using Probit analysis.

Results

[00105] The results are provided in Table 5 below.

Sample LT90 (minutes) KT50 (minutes) Metoflutrin 0.35% in 2.0 (1.7-2.5) 3.1 (2.9-3.3) w / w Metoflutrin 0.60% in 1, 4 (1.2-1.7) 2.7 (2.4-3.2) w / w Dimeflutrin 0.35% in 1.4 (0.9-5.6) 2.4 (2.1 -2.7) w / w Dimeflutrin 0.60% in 1.0 (0.8-1.4) 2.2 (2.1-2.4) w / w Spiral 11.5 (9.0- 15.9)> 30 Table 5

[00106] As shown, the spiral was not able, under the conditions tested, to provide a quick knockout of resistant mosquitoes. However, both metoflutrin and dimeflutrin dose levels were able to provide effective mosquito knockout and were equally effective (as the 95% confidence limits overlap). As such, the cones of the type disclosed here are effective in stopping and killing mosquitoes, even where they come from a resistant strain.

Example 5 Effect of burning speed

[00107] The cones (dosed with ~ 5 mg of metoflutrin) formulated to have various burning speeds were evaluated in a large chamber (30 m³). The burning speed of the cone was changed (a) by changing the composition of the cone by adding potassium nitrate to accelerate the burning speed and (b) varying the size of the cone. The details of the formulations are shown in Table 6 below.

Modification Time Contents of burning rate Estimated metoflutrin (mg / min) (minutes) • Cone weight: ~ 0.7g ≤10 ~ 0.50 • 5% potassium nitrate • Cone weight: ~ 1.3g 10 ~ 15 ~ 0.23 • 5% potassium nitrate 0.35% in • Cone weight: ~ w / w / ~ 5mg 1.3g 20 ~ 30 ~ 0.12 • Without potassium nitrate • Cone weight : ~ 4.0g ≥ 60 ~ 0.05 • Without potassium nitrate Table 6

[00108] The estimated evaporation rate is ~ 60%.

Spiral Repellent test method (Malaysian Standard)

[00109] A steaming spiral was attached to a metal support. After recording its initial weight, the spiral was immediately introduced into the large chamber. This was immediately followed by the release of 100 female mosquitoes into the chamber. After the mosquito was released, the time was kept so that the knockout time count could be observed. The spiral was allowed to burn continuously in the chamber. Knocked out mosquitoes (those that turned upside down) were counted at intervals of up to 2 hours. At the end of the observation period, the spiral was weighed again to allow the burning rate to be calculated.

Cone Test Method

[00110] The biological effectiveness of the cones in Table 5 was evaluated in the same large chamber at 0 hour (initial), 4 hours and 8 hours. Before the test, a cone was placed on a metal plate in the middle of the chamber's floor. Then, the sample was lit from the tip of the cone. The flame was quickly extinguished and the cone was allowed to smoke until the entire cone was consumed.

a) Initial mosquito release

[00111] As an initial step, 10 female mosquitoes were released into the chamber immediately after lighting (0 hour). Additional releases were made every 1 minute, up to 10 minutes. On each occasion, 10 female mosquitoes were released into the chamber (total insects per chamber = 110).

b) Delayed mosquito release

[00112] A new batch of insects (100 female mosquitoes) was released into the chamber after 4 hours and again after 8 hours.

[00113] The knockout time was measured immediately after the release of the insects. Knocked out mosquitoes (turned upside down) were counted at appropriate intervals for up to 2 hours.

[00114] KT50 values (from the knockout data) were estimated using Probit Analysis.

[00115] The results are shown in Table 7.

KT50 (minutes) Sample release Delayed release # 2 initial # 1 0 hour 4 Hours 8 Hours Burning time: ≤ 10 24.1 (20.9 - 41.9 (39.6 - 5.4 (5.2 - 5 , 5) min 27.4) 44.3) Burn time: 10 ~ 23.3 (21.9 - 54.7 (49.4 - 7.9 (7.6 - 8.1) 15 min 24, 7) 61.5) Burning time: 20 ~ 23.5 (19.8 - 29.3 (26.6 - 8.1 (7.8 - 8.3) 30 min 27.2) 32.1) Burning time: ≥ 60 22.3 (19.5 - 30.1 (28.2 - 12.1 (11.8 - 12.4) min 25.3) 32.2) Reference spiral MS 40.0 (38.1 - 42.0) (PYN-F 0.2% w / w) Table 7

[00116] The test data presented in Table 7 shows that the cone with a burning time of 20 to 30 minutes provided particularly good knockout effectiveness for immediate and extended protection (not less than 8 hours) against mosquitoes. Cones with shorter burning times still provide protection after an extended period, but to a lesser extent. Cones with firing times longer than 20 to 30 minutes initially provide a lower level of protection. A comparison with the reference spiral shows that an adequate level of protection is provided initially and for an extended period for all cone formulations.

Example 6

[00117] Incense cones dosed with ~ 5 mg of one of renoflutrin, meperflutrin and heptaflutrin respectively were manufactured (using the recipe and the method of Example 1) and evaluated using the typical method of the fourth (in a large 30 m3 chamber) . The burning time of the dosed incense cone was 20 to 30 minutes, with an evaporation rate of at least 60%. Details of the tests are described in more detail below.

Spiral Repellent Test Method (Malaysian Standard)

[00118] A steaming spiral was attached to a metal support. After recording its initial weight, the spiral was immediately introduced into a large chamber, followed by the immediate release of 100 female mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti, susceptible strain) in that chamber. After the mosquitoes were released, the knockout observation time counting started immediately. The spiral was allowed to burn continuously in the chamber. Knocked out mosquitoes (those that turned upside down) were counted at appropriate intervals for up to 2 hours. At the end of the observation period, the spiral was weighed again to calculate the burning rate.

Cone Test Method

[00119] The biological effectiveness of the dosed incense cones was evaluated in the large chamber at 0 am (initial) and at 8 am. Before testing, a metered incense cone was placed on a metal plate in the middle of the chamber floor (containing one of the active ingredients). The cone was then lit by the tip. The flame was quickly extinguished and the cone was allowed to smoke until it burned completely.

a) Immediate release of mosquitoes

[00120] For the initial test shortly after lighting (0 hour), 100 female mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti, susceptible strain) were released immediately into the chamber.

b) Delayed mosquito release

[00121] In the 8 hours of delayed release test, 100 female mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti, susceptible strain) were released into the chamber after 8 hours. The knockout time started immediately after the release of the insects. The number of knocked out mosquitoes (turned upside down) were counted at appropriate intervals for up to 2 hours. KT50 values (from the knockout data) were estimated using Probit Analysis.

Results Sample KT50 (minutes) Burn rate 0 hour 8 hours # 1 (mg / min) Incense cone 4.8 9.9 with 0.35% w / w Renoflutrin 0.09 ~ 0.14 Incense cone 4.8 8.2 with 0.35% w / w Meperflutrin

3.2 9.7 incense cone with 0.35% w / w of Heptaflutrina Spiral of 18.3 NA reference MS # 1 Delayed release: Fresh batches of insects (100 female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes) were released into the compartment by 8 hours.

Table 8

[00122] It was observed that an incense cone dosed with ~ 5mg of renoflutrin, meperflutrin and heptaflutrin respectively, at a burning rate of 0.09 to 0.14 mg / minute, showed faster knockout efficiency than the spiral Malaysia Standard benchmark.

Claims (40)

1. Insect repellent composition characterized by the fact that it comprises: a pyrethroid active in steam; a flammable bulk material; and a binder; wherein the steam active pyrethroid is selected from one or more of the selected group of metoflutrin, transflutrin, dimeflutrin, meperflutrin, renoflutrin and heptaflutrin, and the steam active pyrethroid is present in an amount to provide a release rate, from so that: where the pyrethroid is metoflutrin, the release rate is 0.05 to 0.27 mg per minute; where the pyrethroid is transflutrin, the release rate is 0.15 to 0.45 mg per minute; where the pyrethroid is dimeflutrin, the release rate is 0.05 to 0.50 mg per minute; where the pyrethroid is meperflutrin, the release rate is 0.04 to 0.40 mg per minute; where the pyrethroid is renoflutrin, the release rate is 0.05 to 0.50 mg per minute; and where the pyrethroid is heptaflutrin, the release rate is 0.05 to 0.50 mg per minute. 2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the pyrethroid is metoflutrin and the release rate is 0.05 to 0.27 mg per minute. 3. Composition according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the pyrethroid is dimeflutrin and the release rate is 0.05 to 0.50 mg per minute. 4. Composition according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the pyrethroid is transflutrin and the release rate is 0.15 to 0.45 mg per minute. 5. Composition, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the pyrethroid is meperflutrin and the release rate is 0.04 to 0.40 mg per minute. 6. Composition according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the pyrethroid is renoflutrin and the release rate is 0.05 to 0.50 mg per minute. 7. Composition according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the pyrethroid is heptaflutrin and the release rate is 0.05 to 0.50 mg per minute. 8. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by the fact that metoflutrin is present in an amount of 0.35 to 0.66% w / w; and / or transflutrin is present in an amount of 0.56 to 1.00% w / w; and / or dimeflutrin is present in an amount of 0.24 to 3.00% w / w. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the pyrethroid is supplied in the form of the compound per se. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the pyrethroid is supplied in the form of an emulsifiable concentrate or as a microemulsion. 11. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the flammable bulk material is a powder form of a substance selected from one or more of the group consisting of wood, sawdust, paper, cardboard , coconut shells, flour made from leaves or other nut shells, jute, sugar cane bagasse, rice husks, tea waste, coffee waste, charcoal and pyrethrum bagasse. 12. Composition according to claim 11, characterized by the fact that the flammable bulk material is a substance selected from one or more of the group consisting of wood flour, coconut shell powder, charcoal powder and bagasse of pyrethrum. 13. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the flammable bulk material is supplied in an amount of 70 to 90% w / w. 14. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the binder is selected from one or more of the materials selected from Joss powder, α-starch, Makko powder, taboo powder, carboxymethylcellulose, gum guar, tapioca starch, tamarind starch and tamarind seed powder. 15. Composition according to claim 14, characterized by the fact that the binder is Joss powder and / or -starch. 16. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the binder is supplied in an amount of 5 to 40% w / w. 17. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that it additionally comprises a preservative. 18. Composition according to claim 17, characterized by the fact that the preservative is selected from one or more of the materials selected from sodium dehydroacetate, potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate. 19. Composition according to either of Claims 17 or 18, characterized in that the preservative is supplied in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0% w / w. 20. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that it additionally comprises at least one emulsifying agent. 21. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that it comprises at least one accelerator or oxygen supplier for the fuel. 22. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that it comprises at least one retardant. 23. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that it additionally comprises at least one coloring agent and / or perfume. 24. Method for preparing an insect repellent composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: a) providing an active steam pyrethroid; b) supply a flammable bulk material; c) providing a binder; d) optionally, provide a preservative; e) optionally, supply at least one additive selected from the group consisting of emulsifying agents, accelerators or oxygen suppliers for fuel, retardants, coloring agents and perfumes; and f) mixing the active pyrethroid in steam, flammable and agglutinating bulk material, and optionally the preservative and / or at least one additive, with the addition of water. 25. The method of claim 24, characterized by the fact that it additionally comprises the stage of forming the composition in an article. 26. Article characterized by the fact that it comprises an insect repellent composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 23. 27. Article according to claim 26, characterized in that the composition comprises a pyrethroid in the form of an emulsifiable concentrate or a microemulsion. 28. Article according to either of claims 26 or 27, characterized by the fact that the article is self-supporting. 29. Article according to claim 28, characterized by the fact that the article is generally cone-shaped. 30. An article according to any one of claims 26 to 29, characterized in that it weighs 0.5 to 5.0 g. 31. Article according to claim 30, characterized by the fact that it weighs from 0.8 g to 3.0 g. 32. Article according to claim 31, characterized by the fact that it weighs from 1.0 to 2.0 g. 33. Article according to any of claims 26 to 32, characterized by the fact that it is configured to burn from 10 to 60 minutes. 34. Article, according to claim 33, characterized by the fact that it is configured to burn for 15 to 40 minutes. 35. Article, according to claim 34, characterized by the fact that it is configured to burn for 20 to 30 minutes. 36. Kit characterized by the fact that it comprises an article as defined in claim 26 which is not self-supporting and additionally comprises a base to support the article. 37. Method for repelling insects, the method characterized by the fact that it involves lighting an insect repellent composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 23, or an article as defined in any of claims 26 to 35, for repelling insects. 38. Method according to claim 37, characterized by the fact that the insect is selected from one or more of the group consisting of mosquitoes, maruim, straw mosquitoes, gnats, houseflies, Australian flies, green flies, green flies horse, bees, wasps, ants, cockroaches, leeches, ticks and mites. 39. Method according to claim 38, characterized by the fact that the insect is a mosquito. 40. The method of claim 39, characterized by the fact that the mosquito is a D-alethrin resistant mosquito.