CN1436467A - Self-volatilizing mosquito-killing and fly-repelling agent - Google Patents
Self-volatilizing mosquito-killing and fly-repelling agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN1436467A CN1436467A CN02110841A CN02110841A CN1436467A CN 1436467 A CN1436467 A CN 1436467A CN 02110841 A CN02110841 A CN 02110841A CN 02110841 A CN02110841 A CN 02110841A CN 1436467 A CN1436467 A CN 1436467A
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- mosquito
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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Abstract
The self-volatilizing mosquito-killing and fly-repelling agent is one kind of composition comprising solid carrier capable of subliming at normal temperature and volatile oil with synergist added. So, volatile oil is made to produce commercially acceptable pesticidal characteristic without toxic matter being added. In addition, some penetrant is added to decrease the consumption of volatile oil while raising pesticidal effect. The composition is set inside controllable plastic box with cover and the box is set indoor or outdoor; and while the carrier volatizes, the effective pesticide component is carried out to produce lasting and obvious mosquito-killing and fly-repelling effect.
Description
The present invention relates to the control of sanitary insect pest, the killing and repellant of particularly various mosquitoes and fly; Provide a kind of and can kill mosquito can drive the self-volatilizing mosquito-killing and fly-repelling agent of fly effectively again.
Insect and other pest, particularly mosquito and fly are perplexing the mankind for a long time always.For these years, about how controlling pest, particularly mosquito and fly, people have adopted a lot of distinct methods, but also make us satisfied fully without any a kind of.Be flooded with harmful chemical insecticide that a large amount of bases should not used on the market, such as brand various burning mosquito-repellent incense or electrical heating mosquito-repellent incense, and aerial fog pesticide, mosquito repellent wet goods, the more important thing is human and environment are worked the mischief.
The said goods includes effective constituent or " poisonous substance " usually, and they are not only poisonous to target pest, and when in narrow and small relatively environment, using and using with aerosol and/or the spray mode of removing, may be enough people and the poisonous concentration of house pet be existed.Producing bad side effect can comprise acute or the neurotoxicity reaction that postpones or suffocate.Even these noxious odors can make some individual generation headache or abdomen ache.As the higher people of susceptibility, or when contacting these smells such as children or the less people of the same body weight of baby, these bad side effects will aggravate.
The a period of time in past, people are developed insecticide hardy, comprise the examination of repaying of insecticide that application is constituted by the deregulated essence oil from plant effective ingredient of Environmental Protection Administration (EPA), although obtained limited success, think that cost is too high but these effort are broken at large, enough not fatal too slow and make user's satisfaction limited to be used for controlling a series of target pest species or effect.The available up to now material that is disengaged control that comprises is renderd a service limited as the insecticides of effective ingredient.
The objective of the invention is: the shortcoming that overcomes above-mentioned prior art.
Main purpose of the present invention provides a kind of self-volatilizing mosquito-killing and fly-repelling agent;
It is the solid isoborneol that another object of the present invention provides the solid carrier that can volatilize naturally under a kind of normal temperature, and the vapour pressure that produces by its slow distillation brings out the effective insecticide active substance in the composition together.Air-borne transmission contacts with target pest, by the valve of target pest, enters in the body, makes it to be poisoned to death and/or reaches the purpose of repellent.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of insecticide of nontoxic wide spectrum, and it comprises the material being regarded as safety or only produce bottom line danger in the product of this character by EPA as basic effective ingredient.The unanimity of purpose the invention provides a kind of self-volatilizing mosquito-killing and fly-repelling agent at normal temperatures therewith, and it is environmentally safe and harmless to people and pet, can also kill the target pest of contact with it effectively.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of Pesticidal combination, and it not only kills 100% mosquito adult and the larva that contacts with it effectively, and can drive housefly, calliphorid effectively;
A further object of the present invention provides a kind of Pesticidal combination, and it comprises is relative nullity separately, effectively kills ability and drives effect but can produce when using together.
A further object of the present invention provides a kind of insect killing substance that comprises essential oil, it is active because the adding of the fatty acid ester APEO A105 of insecticidal effective dose, the effect of its mosquito-killing and fly-repelling has been strengthened out of a clear sky, shockingly improved killing rate, produced than the higher insecticidal activity of arbitrary component and drive ability.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of Pesticidal combination, the essential oil that it comprises is that the synergistic combination of peppermint oil (Asia) and fatty acid ester APEO A105 makes the independent component of relative nullity be strengthened from function with the effectiveness that improves composition, thereby improves lethality and drive effectiveness.In deregulated essential oil, peppermint oil, the Asia is attractive especially because it has pleasant smell.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of Pesticidal combination, and the purpose unanimity the invention provides a kind of bleeding agent that mixes with present composition essential oil therewith; Azone; Described azone is a kind of new and effective dermal osmosis accelerator, it is the skin penetrant that allows to be applied on the daily cosmetics, azone and essential oil as nontoxic no insecticidal activity composition own, after the combination of synergist, can exceed the good insecticidal effect that the people expects, and can reduce the consumption of essential oil, reduce production costs.Its role is to above-mentioned component contacts with target pest when becoming the desinsection composition of vaporous in air, valve by insect, enter in the pest body, cause and be poisoned to death or produce the effect of driveing, because the strong osmotic effect of azone, make the desinsection composition of vaporous can faster, more effectively enter the epidermis of insect valve even infiltration insect, improve rate of knockdown and lethality rate, and the resistance that can stop insect that medicine is produced.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of Pesticidal combination, and the purpose unanimity the invention provides a kind of antioxidant that mixes with present composition essential oil therewith; Rosemary oil, (being decontroled by EPA) is a kind of oil-soluble natural, so that the present composition can play a role steadily in the long term.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of Pesticidal combination, purpose unanimity therewith, the invention provides a kind of cosolvent turpentine oil that is complementary with the present composition, the adding cosolvent can give solid carrier and essential oil, synergist, bleeding agent, antioxidant have better dissolubility, and makes the processing characteristics of composition good.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of Pesticidal combination, and the purpose unanimity the invention provides a kind of round plastics control box with cover that holds Pesticidal combination of the present invention therewith; To protrude a round long column body that has a gong line relative with box bottom centre recessed round interior gong line for the centre disjunctor in the lid of this control box, make it rotation and lid linked to each other with box whole, when the rotation lid, because the round long column body that has the gong line in the box rotates to the recessed round gong line in box bottom and drives being harmonious or separating of lid and box with it, just can do to open or close processing, lid and box mutually the gong line at place, limit be harmonious box be for closed, not needing to avoid the waste volatilization of using.During use, the rotation lid is opened control box, and the Pesticidal combination in the box just begins the effective active substance that volatilizees.The box outer bottom pastes two viscose glues of a fritter, is used for being affixed on any position that needs in the mosquito-killing and fly-repelling place.
Another object of the present invention provides self-volatilizing mosquito-killing and fly-repelling agent a kind of easy to use, safe and reliable; It does not need to light, and does not need electrical heating, needn't embrocate on the person, more needn't do the operation of cumbersome spray (spreading) mist.As long as it is put (subsides) in the place that needs mosquito-killing and fly-repelling, room space, the exterior space also are suitable for the pedestrian and carry, the mosquito-killing and fly-repelling with operation and/or open flames prohibited place, explosion-proof area of enjoying the cool in the open.Extremely easy to use, and stopped the hidden danger of fire and blast.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of wide area and uses the self-volatilizing mosquito-killing and fly-repelling agent that effect is lasting; The present invention can effectively use mosquito-killing and fly-repelling in 12 square metres of areal extents and (or 960 hours) time that reaches 40 days under normal operating position.And effect is obvious.In the field of employment, if increase the quantity of Pesticidal combination individuality of the present invention, can enlarge usable floor area, there is not bad peculiar smell extremely yet, can not cause problem of environmental pollution.
The present composition is formed (its content is the weight percent ratio) by following material:
1, solid carrier: DL-isoborneol (Iso-Boneol), another name: isoborneol; Formal name used at school: 1,7,7-trimethyl dicyclo [2,2,1] heptan-2-alcohol 70-100%;
2, effective desinsection composition: peppermint oil, Asia: another name asia peppermint oil; English name: Mentha ayvensis oil; Mint oil:Cornmint oil 10-25%;
3, synergist: fatty acid ester polyvinyl chloride ether A105:0.5-2.5%;
4, bleeding agent: azone: 0.5-2.5%;
5, antioxidant: the fan is oil repeatedly: 0.2-1%;
6, cosolvent: turpentine oil: 2-8%;
By the following examples the present invention is described in further detail:
Embodiment 1-5 makes by known routine operation technology.
1, solid carrier DL-isoborneol is weighed levigate with the listed proportioning of table 1, it is stand-by to cross 80 mesh sieves.
2, with the effective active components essence oil from plant, synergist, bleeding agent, antioxidant, cosolvent with the listed proportioning of table 1, weigh.Reinforced successively in the molten device of the stainless steel that has agitator then, and do omnidistance the stirring, charging rate is slow, makes every effort to mix, and it is stand-by to be mixed liquid.
3, isoborneol is put into another and had inherent stirring of the molten device of the stainless steel of agitator and add mixed liquid at leisure, make every effort to mix.Form the present composition.
4, composition is struck out thick 1.5 centimeters with mould, the nahlock that φ is 8 centimeters, heavily about 60 grams, nahlock center has a circle that runs through empty, so that can put into round plastics control box, and be advisable in the plane that thickness is no more than box.Under 25 ℃ of room temperatures, the per minute volatile quantity is about 1.04 milligrams.
In 20 centimetres of φ, high 43 centimetres standard cylinder analyzer, put into 30-50 head 3-5 days the female mosquito of Culex pipiens pallens in back that sprouts wings.Put into self-volatilizing mosquito-killing and fly-repelling agent of the present invention in bottom centre then.The time of knocking down percentage and all knocking down with observed different time mosquito, the results are shown in table 2.
Can know that from the listed data of table 2 effect of seeing is as follows:
1, embodiment 1-2 in contrast embodiment can be judged as embodiment to no effect.Table: 1
Table 2:
| Embodiment | The dosage of solid carrier, effective ingredient, synergist, antioxidant, cosolvent (wt%) | |||||
| The DL-isoborneol | Asia peppermint oil | Fatty acid polyglycol vinyl chloride ether A105 | Azone | The fan is oil repeatedly | Turpentine oil | |
| ??1 | ????100.00 | |||||
| ??2 | ????75.30 | ????18.00 | ????0.50 | ????0.20 | ????6.00 | |
| ??3 | ????76.80 | ????16.00 | ????1.00 | ????0.20 | ????6.00 | |
| ??4 | ????78.30 | ????14.00 | ????1.00 | ????0.50 | ????0.20 | ????6.00 |
| ??5 | ????79.30 | ????13.00 | ????1.00 | ????0.50 | ????0.20 | ????6.00 |
| Embodiment | The rate of knockdown K t50 (%) of different time | |||||||||||||||||
| ????5′ | ????10′ | ????15′ | ????20′ | ????25′ | ????30′ | ????35′ | ????40′ | ????45′ | ??50′ | ??55′ | ??60′ | ??65′ | ??70′ | ??75′ | ??80′ | ??90′ | ??100′ | |
| ??1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| ??2 | ||||||||||||||||||
| ??3 | ?23.50 | ?33.10 | ?42.63 | ?52.18 | ?61.40 | ?71.00 | ?80.60 | ?90.12 | ?100.00 | |||||||||
| ??4 | ?37.40 | ?47.40 | ?57.90 | ?68.29 | ?78.73 | ?89.16 | ?100.00 | |||||||||||
| ??5 | ?41.20 | ?62.30 | ?74.60 | ?81.10 | ?86.50 | ?92.40 | ?100.00 | |||||||||||
2, embodiment 3-5 can be clear that the 30-40 that puts into self-volatilizing mosquito-killing and fly-repelling agent of the present invention after the time second mosquito fall rapidly, be parked in cylinder analyzer below, can not circle in the air.5 minutes rate of knockdown (Kt50) is 41.2%, the time that half is knocked down is 7 minutes, table of comparisons 1-2 embodiment 3 listed prescriptions, can be clear that because the adding synergist just makes can produce when essential oil one invalid or relative nullity works separately and effectively kill and drive effect, the tangible effect exterminating mosquito of the various compositions of the present invention is described.
3, the prescription of table of comparisons 1-2 embodiment 4 can be clear that owing to add bleeding agent, can reduce the consumption of essential oil effective ingredient, and killing effect improves relatively.5 minutes rate of knockdown (Kt50) is 41.2%, and the time of all knocking down is 35 minutes, has shortened the time of knocking down widely.
4, from the listed data of table 1-2, also can be observed the effect (adopting the mode of mosquitos and flies) of indoor mosquito-killing and fly-repelling test with the chamber test.Form 3 self-volatilizing mosquito-killing and fly-repelling agents of (preparation method is with embodiment 1-3) making according to the proportioning of table 1 embodiment 4 and be used for the room effect test.
Testing time: on 9 days-July 22 June calendar year 2001, newly-built the commercial house cell is imitated in the place city, and the average indoor temperature in the testing time is about 25 ℃.
Preparation before the test: the spatial area of 3 (A, B, C) each cells of test cell is (3 * 4 * 2.8) 33.6 cubic metres, all there are 2 cross-ventilated fenestellas each chamber, supply the door of people's turnover together, with surroundings wall, the door and window of 3 cells, flat-top and terrace whitewash the tasteless coating of white water-soluble non-toxic (whitewashing completion before 3 months).
The window of A cell is made screen window, be used for completely cutting off the discrepancy of insect.The window of B, C cell is set up glass, be used for completely cutting off insect and come in and go out.
Test day morning, 3 fresh fish are put into respectively respectively test center, cell ground, open the door and window of each chamber at once, enter the test cell naturally to lure housefly, calliphorid and the mosquito at dusk the time.
Test was carried out at 8 o'clock nights of the same day, entered each chamber respectively by 3 testers and observed.
The screen window of A cell is closed with door, and open control box always, to EOT.
The windowpane of B cell cuts out with door, and close to EOT, indoor sealing, air no longer circulates, and 1 of self-volatilizing mosquito-killing and fly-repelling agent of the present invention is placed on the ground middle position of cell, and opens always, until EOT.
Still we opens to EOT with the windowpane of C cell, just door is closed always, 1 of self-volatilizing mosquito-killing and fly-repelling agent of the present invention is placed on the ground middle position of cell, and opens always, until EOT.
Each chamber observer finishs respectively observing after the operation of each chamber, and observes through the continuity in 43 evenings, the mosquito-killing and fly-repelling effect is all grasped, and made written detailed description;
Observation to repellent and the killing effect of mosquito;
(1) the 1st day evening, the observer of each chamber entered each chamber, all suffer at dusk from outdoor mosquito bite of entering the room in 10 minutes after closing window and opening the self-volatilizing mosquito-killing and fly-repelling agent control box, after 10 minutes, feel mosquito bump body, but biting phenomenon disappears, through 3 hours observation, bite phenomenon and still disappear, and each chamber situation is identical.The C cell is found: after 10 minutes, mosquito has the outdoor phenomenon of migration.Test is continuing.8 o'clock mornings of next day observe once more: stining the unresponsive mosquito of counting in ten on the screen window of A, B cell and/or the windowpane; All find no mosquito in the C cell, obviously mosquito is that the window face is escaped more, and the test of each chamber continues.
(2) the 2nd day evening, the observer of each chamber enters each chamber, and the phenomenon of mosquito bite and bump body was not all arranged in 3 hours observing time, and the A cell is parked in the phenomenon that mosquito on the window has landing, the mosquito of B cell all lands, this is indoor sealing, and smell is difficult for disappearing, and produces and drives cause in advance, all find no mosquito in the C cell, obviously mosquito is outside window no longer leapt in through the window, and repellent is obvious, and each chamber test still continues.
In (3) the 3rd day evening, the observer of each chamber enters observation, and the mosquito that the A cell is parked on the window all lands, and test still continues.The B cell morning landed mosquito, all dead.Test is whole extremely, and the C cell does not have the mosquito of discovery and enters the room.Test still continues.
In (4) the 4th day morning, the observer finds that the mosquito of A cell landing is all dead, and test eventually extremely.The C cell does not find that all mosquito enters the room.Test still continues.
(5) test of effective time: successional test of C cell and the observation of every night continue always, last till always that the observer did not all suffer biting of indoor mosquito the 40th day, and more not seeing has the mosquito that enters the room.At the 41st day night, the C cell is found the mosquito enter the room successively, bump body and the phenomenon do not bitten repeats, and test continues.The 42nd day evening observer's biting of mosquito of being entered the room.The EOT end of test.
In sum, all processes of effect observation can be found to the present composition.Repellent and effect and the effective time killed to the mosquito generation.Specifically, behind the generation repellent effect of killing is arranged earlier, this is because function of the present invention is to prevent and anaesthetize the sense of smell of mosquito, make it mosquito and can't harass the mankind, and also be the repellent behavior.Along with increasing of the active ingredient concentration in the lasting and room air of testing time, within 48-70 hour, reach hundred-percent lethality.The repellent action time is 35-40 days.
Observation to the repellent effect of fly:
(1) the 1st day evening, the observer of each chamber observes fly simultaneously to the mosquito effect observation time, seeing in A, B, the C cell has fly to circle in the air, all there is number to eat fresh fish stining on the fresh fish of variable color in ten housefly and calliphorid, the fly that stings on fresh fish after the 30 fen time after the observer opens self-volatilizing mosquito-killing and fly-repelling agent control box of the present invention begins to fly away from successively fresh fish, changes in the space mid-game and circles in the air.The time of all flying away from fresh fish is 50 minutes, and each chamber situation is identical.Little of A, B find that fly escapes string to screen window and windowpane direction, but desire to escape can not because of the obstruct of window, when but finding in the C cell and have fly to escape through the window, about fly more than 80% flies away from cabin by getting over window after 3 hours, in 8 o'clock mornings of next day, sees in A, the B cell and does not have fly on the fresh fish, find that nearly 90% fly is slow in action, wall around cell slow in reacting is every the bottom, and nearly 10% stings on screen window or windowpane, and they seldom have flight.The indoor no fly of C cell, fresh fish putresces, does not sting but there is fly.During the next afternoon the C cell is observed again time, still indoor and smell fish and go up no fly.The observer is surprised to find that, flies to pounce on the fly that enters the room from window suddenly, in the indoor phenomenon of fleeing from towards window immediately after several circles change of having beaten.
(2) to the observation of effective time of fly repellent:
The observation of A, B, C cell takes to change again every 3 days 1 fresh fish in continuation, and increases and put the green grass that has water on a small quantity, and the fruit of mashing is placed on the position, ground from 100 centimeters of self-volatilizing mosquito-killing and fly-repelling agents of the present invention.Be intended that and further lure the fly of hungry and dewatering state to suck, so that clearer and more definite anti-repelling properties, the result is that A, B cell are never found the phenomenon that stining of fly climbed smelly fish and sucked food, when after the 20th day, finding and dead fly arranged, the death successively of fly lasts till that the 26th talent is all dead, and A, B cell stop the observation of fly.The C cell does not have the phenomenon of finding that fly stings smelly fish in 35 days observation, found on the 36th day that fly successively in the inlet chamber, stopped in the interior length time then, and begins to sting smelly fish of food and fruit.Observe and stop.
The successively phenomena of mortality of fly after 25 days are not to be poisoned to death in sum, and the fly of these " tanacities " would rather be born life danger hungry and dehydration, or even last dehydration death, also never removes to suck the food and the moisture that thereupon can get.The food refusal behavior that fly can be described is due to the repellent action of self-volatilizing mosquito-killing and fly-repelling agent of the present invention, this shows that repellent action is obvious.
5, from the listed data of table 1-2, also can be observed the outdoor test effect of mosquito, carry out outdoor repellent effect test by table 1 embodiment 5 (preparation method is similar to 1-4 embodiment) prescription.
Testing time: at 8 o'clock in evening July 16 calendar year 2001
Testing location and environment: No. 2 open-air balcony in building of city public transport company.
The first and second two testers come test site, and first tester has self-volatilizing mosquito-killing and fly-repelling agent of the present invention, and second tester does not have above-mentioned self-volatilizing mosquito-killing and fly-repelling agent, and the first and second two testers felt that mosquito began to center at that time, and were bitten immediately.Open 25 minutes of self-volatilizing mosquito-killing and fly-repelling agent the first tester after, these mosquitoes begin to loose from the first and second two testers, and the mosquito bite phenomenon disappears thereupon.Thereafter, first tester leaves about 4 meters of second tester, and this place of standing, and a moment later, mosquito is no longer poly-to the first tester, but begins to gather to the second tester, but can find: near the second tester, then mosquito begins again to leave as the first tester.
Is significantly by above-mentioned test specification self-volatilizing mosquito-killing and fly-repelling agent of the present invention at outdoor repellent effect, can be applied in the anti-system of mosquito in the outdoor effective area.
Claims (4)
1, self-volatilizing mosquito-killing and fly-repelling composition, it comprises following material and content weight (%) is formed;
(1) the solid carrier DL-isoborneol that can distil under a kind of normal temperature: 70%-100%;
(2) peppermint oil (Asia): 10-25%;
(3) fatty acid ester APEO A105 0.5～2.5%;
(4) azone: 0.5～2.5%;
(5) fan is repeatedly oily: 0.2～1%; And
(6) turpentine oil: 2～8%;
2, a kind of using method of composition comprises that the steam that composition volatilized according to claim 1 with the mosquito-killing and fly-repelling effective dose contacts with mosquitos and flies;
3, a kind of method of controlling the volatilization of mosquito-killing and fly-repelling composition comprises switching and the openings of sizes thereof of controlling the container of the composition of depositing with good grounds claim 1 with screw thread.
4, as the purposes of self-volatilizing mosquito-killing and fly-repelling composition as described in the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that it is used to mosquito-killing and fly-repelling.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN02110841A CN1436467A (en) | 2002-02-09 | 2002-02-09 | Self-volatilizing mosquito-killing and fly-repelling agent |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN02110841A CN1436467A (en) | 2002-02-09 | 2002-02-09 | Self-volatilizing mosquito-killing and fly-repelling agent |
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| CN1436467A true CN1436467A (en) | 2003-08-20 |
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| CN02110841A Pending CN1436467A (en) | 2002-02-09 | 2002-02-09 | Self-volatilizing mosquito-killing and fly-repelling agent |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104957187A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-10-07 | 唐丽霞 | Natural environment-friendly air sterilization and mosquito repelling preparation as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN107212017A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-09-29 | 重庆熵成生物科技有限公司 | A kind of aqueous mosquito-repellent incense liquid and preparation method thereof that volatilizees certainly |
-
2002
- 2002-02-09 CN CN02110841A patent/CN1436467A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104957187A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-10-07 | 唐丽霞 | Natural environment-friendly air sterilization and mosquito repelling preparation as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN107212017A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-09-29 | 重庆熵成生物科技有限公司 | A kind of aqueous mosquito-repellent incense liquid and preparation method thereof that volatilizees certainly |
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