BR112019027696A2 - the separation of hydrogen and oxygen from non-potable water and the recombination of said hydrogen and oxygen to drive a turbine or piston engine - Google Patents

Abstract

THE SEPARATION OF HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN FROM NON-DRINKING WATER AND THE RECOMBINATION OF SAID HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN TO DRIVE A TURBINE OR PISTON ENGINE. In the present invention a plasma gap between a tungsten electrode and a perforated nickel plate creates hydrogen on one side of a crucible and a plasma gap between a piece of nickel wire and two perforated nickel plates are used to create oxygen in the other half of the same crucible. The newly created hydrogen gas is pumped into a storage tank and the newly created oxygen is pumped into a similar tank for storage. After storage, a combiner tank allows for a stoichiometric mixture of hydrogen and oxygen in the appropriate ratio (s) to then release the combined mixture for use in combustion in a turbine engine, piston engine or for create steam to drive a turbine.

Description

“SEPARATION OF HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN FROM NON-DRINKING WATER AND THE RECOMBINATION OF HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN STATEMENTS TO DRIVE A TURBINE OR PISTON ENGINE ” BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[001] This invention claims priority for three provisional orders filed at the same time by the same inventors named here, applications number 62,520,324 filed on June 15, 2017 and

[002] 62,521,248 filed on June 16, 2017 and 62,523,656 filed on June 22, 2017, which are incorporated by reference to this document as if it were fully incorporated.

TECHNICAL STATUS

[003] 1: 2017011198 System, method and instrument for the recovery of mining fluids.

BY-PRODUCTS

[004] 2: 2017010068 WATER IONIZATION PURIFICATION SYSTEM BY PLASMA GAS.

[005] 3: 2017000188 SYSTEM, METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING LIQUIDS WITH PLASMA WAVE ENERGY.

[006] 4: 2016015290 COMBINED PROCESSES FOR THE USE OF SYNTHESIS GAS WITH LOW CO2 EMISSION AND HIGH ENERGY OUTPUT.

[007] 5: 2016011504 WATER / WASTE WATER RECYCLING AND REUSE WITH PLASMA, ACTIVATED CARBON AND ENERGY SYSTEM.

[008] 6: 2016010791 COMBINED GASIFICATION AND VITRIFICATION SYSTEM.

[009] 7: 2015036019 Gas Production Control System.

[010] 8: 2015032120 Recovery of metals from a fluid.

[011] 9: 2015028339 UP AND DOWN CONVERSION SYSTEMS

LOW FOR PRODUCTION OF LIGHT EMITTED FROM VARIOUS SOURCES OF ENERGY, INCLUDING RADIO FREQUENCY, ENERGY SOURCES MICROWAVE AND MAGNETIC INDUCTION FOR UP CONVERSION.

[012] 10: 2015023235 System and method for water treatment systems with high voltage and ozone discharge.

[013] 11: 2015021093 FUEL GENERATION USING HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELD METHODS.

[014] 12: 2015019137 NET TREATMENT DEVICE,

METHOD OF LIQUID TREATMENT AND LIQUID PLASMA TREATMENT.

[015] 1320150170900 METHOD OF SEPARATING PLASMA-ASSISTED CHEMICAL GAS, WITH INCREASED DENSITY AND PLASMATIC DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD.

[016] 14: 2015015126 Apparatus for electric arc flows.

[017] 15: 2015013985 METHOD AND APPARATUS TO TRANSFORM A LIQUID FLOW INTO PLASMA AND ELIMINATE PATHOGENS.

[018] 16: 2015010225 NET TREATMENT DEVICE AND NET TREATMENT METHOD.

[019] 17: 2015004551 ANTI-MICROBIAL AND ANTI-THROMBOGENIC GRAFT COMPOSITIONS.

[020] 18: 2014036451 COMBINED PROCESSES FOR THE USE OF SYNTHESIS GAS WITH LOW CO2 EMISSION AND HIGH ENERGY OUTPUT.

[021] 19: 2014034556 INTEGRATED FUEL IGNITORS AND INJECTORS AND ASSOCIATED METHODS OF USE AND MANUFACTURE.

[022] 20: 2014032670 METHOD FOR OPERATING A PLASMA BOW TORCH WITH MULTIPLE OPERATING MODES.

[023] 21: 2014032668 System and method for water treatment systems with high voltage and ozone discharge.

[024] 22: 2014023886 System, method and apparatus for treating mining by-products.

[025] 23: 2014021034 WATER / WASTE WATER RECYCLING AND REUSE WITH PLASMA, ACTIVATED CARBON AND ENERGY SYSTEM

[026] 24: 2014017995 PLASMA ARC OVEN AND APPLICATIONS

[027] 25: 2014015766 GASIFICATION AND VITRIFICATION SYSTEM

COMBINED

[028] 26: 201401 134 System, method and instrument for the recovery of mining fluids from mining by-products

[029] 27: 2014013802 PLASMA GENERATOR AND CLEANING AND PURIFICATION DEVICES, INCLUDING THE SAME

[030] 28: 2014013097 CLEANING APPLIANCE

[031] 29: 2014007671 PLASMA BAG

[032] 30: 2014002185 PLASMA TORCH

[033] 31: 2013030290 Chemosensors for hydrogen sulfide

[034] 32: 2013029909 PLASMA GENERATOR AND CLEANING DEVICE

AND PURIFICATION AND SMALL ELECTRICAL APPLIANCE USING THE PLASMA GENERATOR

[035] 33: 2013029179 PLASMA GENERATOR AND CLEANING DEVICE

AND PURIFICATION AND SMALL ELECTRICAL APPLIANCE USING THE PLASMA GENERATOR

[036] 34: 2013021438 INTEGRATION CHIP IC PACKAGE

SIP SYSTEM AND MANUFACTURING METHOD

[037] 35: 2013018972 USE OF A CHEMICALLY REACTIVE PLASMA

ADAPTIVE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MICROBIAL DERIVED MATERIALS

[038] 36: 2013013142 WASTE TREATMENT

[039] 37: 2013009875 PLASMA GENERATOR AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF RADICALS, AND CLEANING AND PURIFICATION DEVICES

SMALL APPLIANCES APP

[040] 38: 2013008203 PLASMA BOW TORCH WITH MULTIPLE

OPERATING MODES

[041] 39: 2013006471 PLASMA APPLIANCE FOR DECONTAMINATION

BIOLOGICAL AND STERILIZATION AND METHOD OF USE

[042] 40: 2013002233 HIGH ELECTROLYTIC DISCHARGE CELL

SOLID OXIDE TEMPERATURE

[043] 41: 2013001260 METHOD, SYSTEM AND EQUIPMENT FOR

ELIMINATION OF GASIFICATION AND LIQUEFACING OF SOLID WASTE MUNICIPALITIES

[044] 42: 2012028587 ADVANCED SYSTEM OF TREATMENT OF

WASTE WATERS WITH PLASMA VESSEL

[045] 43: 2012026732 PLASMA TREATMENT METHOD AND SYSTEM

OF A LIQUID

[046] 44: 2012023792 Lateral flow immunoassay controls

[047] 45: 2012020197 METHOD TO PRODUCE MEMBRANE

COMPOSITE SEMIPERMEABLE

[048] 46: 2012019321 METHOD AND APPLIANCE FOR TREATING A GAS OF

SYNTHESIS

[049] 47: 2012018696 PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF

WASTE

[050] 48: 2012015609 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ION LIQUID SUPPLY, STERILIZATION METHOD AND APPLIANCE

[051] 49: 2012012496 PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR TREATMENT OF

WASTE

[052] 50: 2012012146 System for converting carbonaceous raw materials into a gas of specified composition

[053] 200600491 16 Method and apparatus for plasma treatment of fluids with bubble discharge

[054] 20060042251 Arc electrolysis steam generator with energy recovery and method for the same

[055] 20050023128 Apparatus and method for the treatment of odors and contaminants of volatile organic compounds in atmospheric emissions

[056] 442012023792 Lateral flow immunoassay controls

[057] 20040134890 Elimination of chemical and biological warfare agents in the air

[058] 20040084294 Method and apparatus for processing product waste

[059] 20030101936 Plasma reaction apparatus

[060] 20020155042 Pollution control device

[061] 20010043890 Exhaust gas purification system for an internal combustion engine

[062] The following is a background on hydrogen sources, including H20 (water) and natural gas. In addition, each of these methods has other catalysts and processes that have been tried to improve the process for several reasons. These reasons include:

[063] a) energy consumption,

[064] b) the properties and risks of different catalysts, and

[065] c) production capacity.

[066] Water division is the general term for a chemical reaction in which water is separated into oxygen and hydrogen. The efficient and economical separation of water is an essential technological component of a hydrogen economy. Various water separation techniques have been described in water separation patents issued in the United States. In photosynthesis, water separation donates electrons to the electron transport chain in the photosystem || and separately donates protons in the proton membrane process.

[067] Huge energy needs, the expected shortage of oil in the future and the rapid increase in pollution are problems that need to be addressed by putting more efforts into investigating clean and sustainable energy resources. In the search for such energy sources, efforts are being put into the "light-guided" water division in O2 and H2 in an attempt to convert solar energy into fuel. Water oxidation

(2H20—4H ++ 4e- + 02) is the first important step in the supply of electrons and protons needed for the next step (proton reduction) in which hydrogen production occurs in the catalysis reaction by a proton reduction catalyst .

[068] The water oxidation step has been considered the bottleneck of the process, so the design of highly active and robust water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) is an important step in the development of light-driven water separation. Water oxidation catalysts minimize overvoltage and increase the reaction rate. An ideal WOC is necessary to have low overvoltage, high stability, high activity / efficiency, low toxicity and low cost.

[069] The water separation process is a highly endothermic process (AH> O). Water division occurs naturally in photosynthesis when photon energy is absorbed and converted to chemical energy through a complex biological pathway. However, the production of hydrogen from water requires large amounts of energy, making it incompatible with existing energy generation. For this reason, most commercially produced hydrogen gas is produced from natural gas.

[070] Of the various requirements for an effective photocatalysis for water separation, the potential difference (voltage) must be 1.23 V at pH 0. As the minimum band interval for the successful separation of water at pH = O is 1.23 eV, corresponding to 1008 nm light, electrochemical requirements can theoretically reach infrared light, although with negligible catalytic activity. These values are true only for a completely reversible reaction to normal conditions of temperature and pressure (1 bar and 25 ºC). Theoretically, infrared light has enough energy to divide water into hydrogen and oxygen;

[071] However, this reaction is very slow because the wavelength is greater than 380 nm. The potential must be less than 3.0 V to make efficient use of the energy present in the entire spectrum of sunlight. Water separation can transfer loads, but not be able to prevent corrosion for long-term stability. Defects in the photocatalysts of the crystal line can act as recombination sites, ultimately reducing efficiency.

[072] Under normal conditions, (due to the transparency of the water in visible light), photolysis can only occur with radiation of wavelength 180 nm or shorter. Thus, assuming a perfect system, the minimum energy input required is 6.893 eV.

[073] Hydrogen is trapped in enormous quantities in water, hydrocarbons and other organic matter. One of the challenges of using hydrogen as a fuel comes from being able to efficiently extract hydrogen from these compounds. Currently, steam reforming, or combining high temperature steam with natural gas, accounts for most of the hydrogen produced. Hydrogen can also be produced from water through electrolysis, but this method consumes much more energy, which also limits its productivity (Myers, 1987).

[074] Once extracted, hydrogen is an energy carrier (that is, a storage for the first energy generated by other means). The energy can be delivered to fuel cells and generate electricity and heat or burned to start a combustion engine. In each case, hydrogen is combined with oxygen to form water. The heat of a hydrogen flame is a radiant emission from newly formed water molecules. The water molecules are in an excited state in the initial formation and then move to the ground state; the transition by triggering thermal radiation. When burning in air, the temperature is approximately 2000 ҼC.

[075] Historically, carbon rings have been the most practical energy carriers, as more energy is provided by breaking six atoms in the carbon ring into a hydrocarbon atom, as stored in fossil fuels, in multiple (6) atoms CO2 gas, generating a 6x volume differential. This is better than pure liquid hydrogen of the same H20 volume, generating a 3x volume change.

[076] Carbon atoms have classic storage capacities and release even more energy when burned with hydrogen. However, the burning of carbon-based fuel and the release of exhaust, contributes to global warming, due to the greenhouse effect of carbon gases. Pure hydrogen is the smallest element, and part of it will inevitably escape from any known container or tube in micro quantities, but simple ventilation can prevent this leak from reaching the volatile 4% hydrogen-air mixture. While the product is in a gaseous or liquid state, tubes are a classic and very efficient form of transport. Pure hydrogen, however, causes the metal to become brittle, suggesting that metal pipes may not be ideal for carrying hydrogen.

[077] The materials used in photocatalytic water separation meet the band requirements described above and usually have dopants and / or co-catalysts added to optimize their performance. A sample semiconductor with the proper band structure is titanium dioxide (TiO). However, due to TiO's relatively positive conduction band, there is little driving force for H production, so TiO is normally used with a co-catalyst such as platinum (Pt) to increase the production rate.

[078] It is routine to add co-catalysts to stimulate the evolution of H in most photocatalysts due to the placement of the conduction band. Most semiconductors with band structures suitable for separating water mainly absorb UV light. In order to absorb visible light, it is necessary to restrict the band, since the conduction band is quite close to the reference potential for the formation of H, it is preferable to change the valence band to move it closer to the potential to form O since there is a greater natural superpotential.

[079] Photocatalysts can deteriorate and recombine the catalyst under operational conditions. The deterioration of the catalyst becomes a problem when using a sulfide-based photocatalyst, such as cadmium sulfide (CdS), as the sulfide in the catalyst is oxidized to elemental sulfur with the same potentials used to separate water. Thus, sulfide-based photocatalysts are not viable without sacrificial reagents, such as sodium sulfide, to replenish any loss of sulfur, which effectively alters the main reaction for the evolution of hydrogen as opposed to water separation. The recombination of the electron-hole pairs required for photocatalysis can occur with any catalyst and depends on the defects and the surface area of the catalyst; thus, a high degree of crystallinity is required to avoid recombination in defects.

[080] The conversion of solar energy to hydrogen through photocatalysis is one of the most interesting ways to achieve clean and renewable energy systems. However, if this process is assisted by photocatalysts suspended directly in the water instead of using a photovoltaic and electrolytic system, the reaction is in one step and therefore can be more efficient.

[081] The UN warns that half the world's population will face water scarcity by 2030, accelerated by climate change and population growth. The scarcity on such a scale would be a threat to food production, as well as a health crisis by increasing exposure to unhealthy water, which currently kills millions of people each year, from waterborne diseases like cholera and diarrhea.

[082] Orange County, California, is a world leader in recycling and purifying raw sewage and converting it to potable / usable water. The process works by redirecting a proportion of 1.3 billion gallons of wastewater generated in Southern California every day, in three stages of treatment. The first is the microfiltration of treated wastewater to remove solids, oils and bacteria, before the resulting liquid undergoes reverse osmosis, pushing it through a thin plastic membrane that filters out viruses and pharmaceuticals. The water is then treated with UV light to remove any remaining organic compounds, before entering the main groundwater supply, which must undergo strict quality controls to meet legal standards and distribution to households.

[083] Texas, (parts of which are also severely affected by drought), plans to generate 10% of all new water supplies through reused water by 2060. A facility in Big Spring introduced the first "Direct Reuse" scheme Potable "in the United States, sending recycled water to the final treatment plant without going through groundwater reserves.

[084] The present invention uses wastewater or raw sewage to create hydrogen and oxygen gases from waste, thereby preserving the use of drinking water to produce hydrogen and oxygen as a fuel source. In the process of creating these gases, from a plasma arc, the dirty water is thus purified and the bacteria are eliminated. The by-product (if any) is drinking water.

[085] When storing hydrogen, it should be noted that it is not like propane gas, which is readily distributed at local gas stations in metal canisters. In addition to being difficult to contain (a propane tank would lose substantial amounts of gas directly through the walls), hydrogen is extremely reactive and makes metals brittle - especially steels. Hydrogen under high pressure is even worse. If there are carbon atoms in the metal matrix, the hydrogen (which penetrates the metal) will bond with them to form methane and this adds internal pressure to the metal itself, further weakening it.

[086] In other words, if you put crude hydrogen in a metallic tank, you are making a pressure pump (like the old dry ice trick in a plastic bottle). Couple that with the pressure inherent in tank-based gas storage systems, and you will have a blast at some point. If you are unlucky, hydrogen will

[087] will ignite at that point. Just to emphasize how bad it can get, CNG and LPG cylinders exploding in cars have an unpleasant tendency to destroy the vehicle, even if they don't cause a fire - which is why metal CNG / LPG tanks have been banned for automotive use 30 years ago in most countries (propane gas containers for home use are subject to much lower stress levels than automotive ones due to much lower charge / discharge rates and are typically tested with each refill ).

[088] Don't think you can get around this problem by using a metallic tank with thicker walls, such as one designed for acetylene or CNG. The hydrogen will still weaken it and eventually destroy it. If you really need to use hydrogen, then you can do it as needed. There are plenty of pyrolysis processes available to get the job done (and there are twice as many hydrogen atoms available in a liter of diesel as in a liter of liquid hydrogen).

[089] For short-term stationary storage, the old "gas bag" (balloon) technique is safer and less leaks. It is very close to atmospheric pressure, and any H2 that escapes:

[090] A: It will rise more or less in a straight line, and

[091] B: It won't escape all at once, so there is less chance of an explosion.

[092] Istotraz the question of hydrogen powered cars. In addition to the handling issues mentioned above, hydrogen fuel must be made from something. In the old days, "city gas / coal" (about 80% H2, 5% CO and several other volatile compounds) was made by pyrolysis of coal in a reducing environment with added water.

[093] The most common method today is the reduction of natural gas (the Haber process), in a network of 60% loss of energy over the gross stock. Therefore, you can only use natural gas. The only viable low-carbon way of making hydrogen fuel requires a very high-temperature nuclear reactor, and if you do that, you can just spend extra energy and align extra carbon atoms extracted from the atmosphere. This way you will have a much easier fuel to handle with much higher energy density. The high cost of energy in production is offset by much lower energy costs in distribution and handling.

[094] Leaving CO2 emissions aside, bearing in mind that large blocks of pollution emissions from both gasoline and diesel, revolve around the issue that the fuel is not pure octane or the same long-chain hydrocarbon (diesel comprises at least 30 different hydrocarbons in addition to contamination). Synthetic fuels would have very low levels of contamination and would have a highly uniform chemical structure.

[095] It is important to note that one of the biggest contributors to the reduction of pollution from the two fuels is related to stricter refining specifications with low limits of permitted contaminants such as sulfur, and to tighter control over hydrocarbon mixtures being marketed such as diesel or gasoline (when mixing with ethanol, slightly reduces the levels of pollution, but the disadvantages are in general much worse than the advantages).

[098] Like a gas, hydrogen has a low density, but occupies a very large volume. We have to find ways to pack it into much smaller volumes for your practical, everyday use. For example: to fuel a car with hydrogen for 400 km, a 5m diameter hydrogen balloon is required. This is obviously not practical; thus, all the necessary hydrogen needs to be packed in a much smaller form factor.

[097] The solution is to use materials capable of storing large amounts of hydrogen in a compact form. Metals and compounds such as magnesium and sodium borohydride can absorb a large amount of hydrogen (up to 10% of its own weight) as a water-absorbing sponge. The beauty of this concept is that, once hydrogen is absorbed by the material, it is stored indefinitely in a totally safe manner.

[098] Controlling the temperature of the materials will allow the fully reversible capture and release of hydrogen.

[099] Today only a few materials (LaNi5H6 (lanthanum-nickel alloy), MgH2 (magnesium hydride), NaBH4 (sodium borohydride), and LiBH4 (lithium borohydride), for example) can absorb and release hydrogen at temperature environment. Unfortunately, these materials are heavy and therefore can only store small amounts of hydrogen (less than 1.5 wt%, that is, 1.5% of their own weight). Many other materials, such as borohydrides, can store large amounts of hydrogen (up to 18.4 T%). However, the use of this material is currently limited in view of the need for high temperatures to allow the release of hydrogen and extremely high pressures (above 300 times atmospheric pressure) for the absorption of hydrogen. We can find a way to use these materials without the requirement of extreme heat and pressure conditions.

[0100] Half a glass of water can generate about 106 liters of hydrogen gas. Using newly discovered materials, we can store this much hydrogen in just 0.005 liters. This is a 10,000-fold decrease in the required storage space! (According to MERL. At the University of New South Whales, Sydney, Australia).

[0101] It has been suggested that perhaps the preferred method is to use a hydrogen generator "on demand", which uses, for example, aluminum, KOH, and water (or other types of alloys and water). This will produce a good amount of hydrogen that can be used immediately. Some groups are activating the engines with this technique (hydrolysis).

[0102] For vehicles: Low volumes on demand through direct generation from water on site or storage in solid media. As mentioned above, ammonia bromide has shown to be very promising. There is a Dutch company that will soon hit the market with bromide tablets (http://Www.maynex.com)

[0103] To store hydrogen in a cylinder tank, the facts and myths are: Hydrogen must be removed from all oxygen, making hydrogen in an inert gas form:

[0104] 1. The hydrogen must be liquefied at a temperature of 20.28 K (- 423.17 * F / -252.87 ºC) and maintained at this temperature so that it does not transform into a gaseous form by means of nitrogen.

[0105] 2. The hydrogen being kept in a liquid state and the devices necessary to do this require industrial MAZMAT licensing and certification. This can only be acquired if it is signed by the supervised business entity. Liquid hydrogen requires cryogenic storage technology, such as containers with special thermal insulation, and requires special treatment common to all cryogenic fuels. Liquid hydrogen is, for all intents and purposes, considered an explosive in liquid or gaseous state and certifications are not for public use.

[0106] 3. Hydrogen; if you do not store H2 in a liquid or gaseous state and have adequate ventilation, it will still be considered illegal to use volumetric efficient vehicle combustion in public road engine applications, but it is currently not mandatory. As a citizen on a public road, using water-hydrogen cells for mixed use of oxygen + hydrogen is considered an explosive, due to the oxygen in the gas pipeline with H2 / Hydrogen. If hydrogen is introduced into the combustion chamber without oxygen mixing, then it remains inert until contact with oxygen, therefore non-explosive to the point of contact of the O2 / Oxygen mixture. If hydrogen is introduced into the cylindrical combustion chamber as hydrogen only, then it is considered legal if done by qualified professionals certified by the DOT / Department of Motor Vehicles, but again, these laws are not in effect. So don't ruin this new H2 application to increase your fuel economy, please be careful and make sure that the hydrogen will have no areas to accumulate in the engine compartment waiting for an explosive ignition point.

[0107] See: "Norway Hydrogen Highway" and "Scandinavian hydrogen highway partnership" to see what the rest of the world is really "doing", not just fueling fear. Norway legislated on all gasoline, diesel and hybrid cars by the year 2025. Refueling stations already in use allow for H2 refueling within 3 minutes using high pressure hydrogen gas.

[0108] Plasma acceleration is a technique for accelerating charged particles, such as electrons, positrons and ions, using an electric field associated with electron plasma waves or other high-gradient plasma structures (such as shock and sheath fields). Plasma acceleration structures are created using ultra-short laser pulses or beams of energetic particles that are comparable to plasma parameters. These techniques offer a way to build high-performance particle accelerators in a much smaller size than conventional devices. The basic concepts of plasma acceleration and its possibilities were originally conceived by Toshiki Tajima and Prof. John M. Dawson from UCLA in 1979. Initial designs of the "wakefield" experiment were designed at UCLA by the group of Prof. Chan Joshi. Current experimental devices show accelerating gradients of various orders of magnitude better than current particle accelerators.

[0109] Plasma accelerators are very promising for innovation of compact and affordable accelerators for various applications ranging from high energy physics applications, to medical and industrial applications. Medical applications include betatron and free electron light sources for diagnosis or radiation therapy and proton sources for hadron therapy. Plasma accelerators generally use wakefields generated by waves of plasma density. However, plasma accelerators can operate in many different regimes, depending on the characteristics of the plasmas used.

[0110] In 2012, scientists working at LCLS overcame the power limitations for x-ray wavelengths by self-feeding the lasers with their own beams after being filtered by a diamond monochromator. The intensity and monochromaticity resulting from the beams were unprecedented and allowed new experiments to be conducted involving the manipulation of images of atoms and molecules. Other laboratories around the world are incorporating the technique in their equipment.

SPECIFICATIONS

[0111] The present invention relates in general to the creation of hydrogen gas, as well as oxygen, in the same crucible with separation without a bladder, due to the use of a plasma arc created by dissimilar metals, reacting with perforated nickel plates. The "plasma effect" acts to release large amounts of hydrogen and oxygen molecules on the side of the crucible’s hydrogen emitter and the ionized oxygen molecules combine with the fragmented metal particles of the tungsten electrode that partly consumes tungsten, which captures oxygen molecules almost completely. This then releases relatively pure hydrogen on the hydrogen side of the crucible.

[0112] On the other hand, the "plasma effect" acts to release large amounts of hydrogen and oxygen molecules on the oxygen emitting side of the crucible and the ionized hydrogen molecules combine with the fragmented metal particles of the electrode nickel that consumes nickel in part, which captures hydrogen molecules almost completely. This then releases relatively pure oxygen on the oxygen side of the crucible.

[0113] In the present invention the process begins when a 600 - 800 VDC pulse is applied to the anode and cathode side of the crucible's hydrogen side. The cathode is composed of a tungsten filament wire, which is electronically powered, as needed, by an automatic power supply and a motor coupled to a control module, monitored by a p / c on a control and monitor console. The anode side is composed of two perforated solid nickel plates affixed to each side of the tungsten filament at a short distance and separated from the filament by two insulators of glass or ceramic, or Teflon that prevent the filament from touching the nickel plates and short-circuit. The water supplemented in the crucible tank acts as a short circuit between the anode and cathode, creating high heat due to the high voltage / high amperage VDC applied throughout the field.

[0114] The great heat ionizes the hydrogen and oxygen molecules in the solution and millions of highly charged ions (electrons and protons) are released from the H20O solution instantly. The released electrons are guided, in an execution mode, by magnetic to a place where a vacuum pump removes the free hydrogen and the resulting free oxygen molecules are captured by the particles and fragmented tungsten metal that is melted in the process by which oxygen atoms become attached to tungsten atoms and oxygen atoms are trapped at the bottom of the crucible in the water bath solution.

[0115] Simultaneously, the opposite side of the crucible begins to emit atoms of pure oxygen because of a similar reaction between the cathode composed of perforated sheets of solid nickel identical to the plates and configuration of the plates on the hydrogen inside the crucible with the exception that the anode is now composed of solid nickel wire that is again placed between the two solid nickel plates and insulated by glass, ceramic, or Teflon insulators. Again, the water solution creates a short between the anode and cathode and results in great heat being generated between the plates and the wire, which breaks the nickel wire into small nickel particles that act to capture any hydrogen released in the plasma process. and once the hydrogen atoms and the nickel atom are connected, pure oxygen is released and then guided and accelerated by the magnetic guidance system to a place in the crucible where the released oxygen atoms can be aspirated and stored as the present invention teaches.

[0116] During the process, the aqueous solution at the bottom of the crucible is constantly agitated by a recycling water pump that acts to reconstitute the catalyst or additive element in the water bath and at the same time cools and cleans the water chamber. larger particles and debris through a water filter located inside the pump assembly. As soon as the hydrogen and oxygen atoms are aspirated from their respective sides of the crucible chamber, they are stored in temporary tanks by a pressure pump that compresses the gases and each tank is protected by electronically monitored pressure control and return valves by the built-in computer control system referred to particularly herein in the present invention.

[0117] In addition, in order to reinforce the separation process in the anode and cathode plasma chambers, a low voltage pulse of O at 200Hz is applied to the anode and cathode simultaneously, causing it to resonate at a specific frequency relevant to to hydrogen atoms on one side, and oxygen atoms on the other side. In case the monitoring system detects any irregularities in the system, such as high temperature, high pressure, leaking gases anywhere, loss of energy, loss of pulsed modulation, low water level, low catalyst levels or any other abnormality, the entire system will shut down and the gases exhausted first on the oxygen side and then on the hydrogen side. Since the entire system is composed of water, metals, ceramics, glass, and other non-flammable materials, it is very unlikely that any fire or explosions will occur in the system.

[0118] It should be noted that the choice of metals described in this specification is not limited to nickel and tungsten. Various other combinations of metals in a similar configuration can produce similar reactions, to a greater or lesser degree, of desired results. For example, in Figure 28, there is a set of possible combinations that can achieve desired results and, at the same time, create by-products of great value and convenience, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2), for example, that can be used in paints, food coloring, sunscreen, cosmetics and various industrial uses.

[0119] Once the crude hydrogen and oxygen are created and sequestered to a pure form, the output product of each can be stored under low pressure in designated tanks, one for the storage of hydrogen gas, and one for the storage of oxygen gas. The storage tanks are loaded with special materials to allow the maximum storage volume for each type of gas. The materials in each storage tank

[0120] complement the storage by compressing H2 and O2 gases, respectively. The storage of gases is done in small quantities for safety and it is only required that the vehicle travels from zero in the morning, if and when no gas generation was performed during the night. This concludes the production and storage phase of operations for vehicles powered by hydrogen or hydrogen and oxygen or combinations with other gases or fuels.

[0121] In the case of powering a turbine where the gases are turned on to create heat and pressure to turn a turbine to generate electricity, the gases can be stored under pressure on demand for a certain period of time, such as hourly, daily or weekly. In this case, the amount of gases, actually stored for any given period, is minimized, as a safety factor, and the gases are totally consumed by the end of the period of use or demand.

[0122] As a result of the present invention, any vehicle can be powered by a combination of hydrogen and oxygen or other combustible materials created on demand, as needed. The use of non-potable water, or sea water, greatly increases the process, in such a way that the water tanks located inside the vehicle can be refilled on the coast or practically anywhere with any form of water,

drinking or not.

[0123] When the process starts, the fail-safe mechanical monitoring system indicates the gas pressure, temperature, flow rate, water level and the output volumes, which can be controlled manually or automatically.

[0124] Non-potable water is added with sodium chloride and other salts to eliminate bacteria and diseases. Ultra-violet light is also used to eliminate bacteria, which may be present and the entire system is sanitized by filtering the aqueous solution on a continuous basis.

[0125] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0126] Figure 1 illustrates the crucible generating oxygen and hydrogen as could be illustrated in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example. The drawing illustrates the use of nickel wire on one side and the use of tungsten wire on the other side, each wire pressed between a pair of perforated solid nickel plates.

[0127] Figure 2 illustrates the oxygen or cathode side of the gas generator and the configuration of the configuration cathode component as could be found in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example.

[0128] Figure 3 illustrates the hydrogen or anode side of the gas generator and the configuration of the configuration component as could be found in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example.

[0129] Figure 4 illustrates the Dual Power Supply and pulse modulator for the present invention, as they could be found in the preferred execution mode, for example.

[0130] Figure 5 illustrates the hydrogen and oxygen gases under storage after creation, including the recirculation pump, the vacuum pumps for each side of the crucible and the catalyst as water supply as could be found in the preferred mode of execution of the present invention, for example.

[0131] Figure 6 illustrates the hydrogen and oxygen storage tanks, as represented in Figure 5, with the addition of the H2 and O2 combining chamber resulting in the mixture of combustible gas as could be found in the preferred embodiment of the present invention. , for example.

[0132] Figure 7 illustrates pressure pumps as could be found in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example.

[0133] Figure 8 illustrates the spark suppressor as could be found in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example.

[0134] Figure 9 illustrates the combining chamber that is used to recombine H2 and O2 in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example.

[0135] Figure 10 illustrates the system control console hardware as could be found in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example.

[0136] Figure 11 illustrates the flowchart of the fail-safe monitoring system as could be found in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example.

[0137] Figure 12 illustrates the tungsten feed set as could be found in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example.

[0138] Figure 13 illustrates the automatic metal cable feed assembly as could be found in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example.

[0139] Figure 14 illustrates the ionic mass orientation and magnetic conduction system as could be found in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example.

[0140] Figure 15 illustrates the flowchart of the system as it could be found in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example.

[0141] Figure 16 illustrates the gas storage system as could be found in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example.

[0142] Figure 17 illustrates the catalytic water supply system with additives as could be found in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example.

[0143] Figure 18 illustrates the magnetic ion alignment system as could be found in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example.

[0144] Figure 19 illustrates an example of a vacuum pump as could be found in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example.

[0145] Figure 20 illustrates the computer monitor screen that can control fail-safe operations and shutdowns at a remote location as could be found in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example.

[0146] Figure 21 illustrates the remote monitoring station console as could be found in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example.

[0147] Figure 22 illustrates a chemical plasma accelerator as could be found in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example.

[0148] Figure 23 illustrates the effective ratios of H2 and O2 when linked by various metals, as could be found in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example.

[0149] Figure 24 illustrates the revised periodic table identifying the combination of various metals on c as could be found in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example.

[0150] Figure 25 illustrates an example of accelerator of the invention as could be found in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example.

[0151] Figure 26 illustrates the Arno Vigen compressed cube model - examples of hydrogen bonding as could be found in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example.

[0152] Figure 27 illustrates the chemical formulas suggesting the reactions found on the anode side and on the cathode side as could be found in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example.

[0153] Figure 28 illustrates the combination of elements found in the example of the compressed cube model Arno Vigen of the reformulation of the periodic table as could be found in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example.

[0154] Figure 29 illustrates a summary of the invention as could be found in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0155] Figure 1 illustrates the 101 side of the 102 cathode of the 102 crucible (ceramic container) comprising said 103, ceramic insulators 104, perforated plates of Nickel 105, the nickel cable comprising 106 an open filament, and 107 the side of the 102 crucible (ceramic container), comprising said 108 ceramic insulators, 108 tungsten cable, 109 a closed filament, and 110 perforated Nickel Plates, all submerged in 111 an aqueous solution comprising H20 and KOH.

[0156] Figure 2 illustrates 201 a detailed image of the cathode side - Oxygen side (O) of the ceramic crucible, comprising 202 ceramic insulators, 203 the nickel mesh plate (connected to the anode side of the power source ), 204 the nickel cable (connected to the cathode side of the power supply).

[0157] Figure 3 illustrates 301 a detailed image of the anode side - Hydrogen (H2) side of the ceramic crucible, comprising 302 ceramic insulators, 303 the nickel mesh plate (closed filament), 304 the tungsten cable (connected to the anode side of the Power Source).

[0158] Figure 4 illustrates 401 the 24VDC pulsed modulated power source comprising an anode side and a cathode side and 402 the 200-800VDC pulsed arc voltage double power source consisting of an individual + power supply side cathode and a power supply - on the anode side.

[0159] Figure 5 shows the cathode side 501, 502 gas pump, comprising a 502 spark suppressor, a 503 outlet tube, a 504 oxygen storage tank, a 505 submerged filtration unit, a 506 anode-side gas (H2), further comprising a 507 spark suppressor, a 508 outlet tube, a 509 hydrogen storage tank, a 510 filtration unit, a 511 water immersion chamber comprising H20O and a catalytic, a 512 circulation pump, as well as a 513 water source for fuel storage.

[0160] Figure 6 illustrates the same component part as Figure 5 described above and further comprises 600 an H2 + O2 combiner to supply fuel to an external device such as a car, truck, or other form of vehicle transport.

[0161] Figure 7 illustrates a commercially made hydrogen diaphragm compressor for example purposes.

[0162] Figure 8 illustrates a commercially available spark suppressor for example as could be found in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example.

[0163] Figure 9 illustrates the detailed design of the combiner illustrated in Figure 6 above as 600. The combining chamber is comprised of the 901 inlet H2, 902 inlet O2, 903 the hood, 904 the tank, 905 the suppressor spark, 906 a flow control on the inlet side O2 and 907 the outlet port with a combined H2 + O2 product ready for combustion.

[0164] Figure 10 illustrates 1001 the system control console, comprising 1002 the date, 1003 the time of day, 1004 the water level in the crucible, 1005 the water temperature in the crucible, 1006 the H2 temperature, 1007 the pressure H2, 1008 at O2 temperature, 1009 at O2 pressure, and 1010 the emergency stop (shutdown) switch. The console can be monitored remotely and controlled by a smartphone or a portable device.

[0165] Figure 11 illustrates a fail-safe flowchart diagram of the global system. After initialization, the systems routinely check the H2 gas sensor for leaks, the O2 gas sensor for leaks, the temperature of the H2 chamber, the temperature of the O2 chamber, the H2 and O? 2 pressure, the catalyst level, the level tungsten or number of replacement tips remaining, the remaining nickel cable, and you can either continue operations or shut down the system depending on the limit predetermined by the factory professional. If the levels reach a critical level, an audible alarm can activate indicating that an emergency situation may exist.

[0166] Figure 12 illustrates the 1201 ceramic tungsten feed set, comprising 1202 a copper cover, 1203 a series of tungsten metal tips (or other pre-selected) for use as an alternative to the anode side of the system as opposed to the tungsten cable and power supply. This setting is for high temperature and maximum output capacity.

[0167] Figure 13 illustrates 1301 the metal filament feed set as opposed to the tip feed set illustrated in Figure 12 above, comprising 1302 the ceramic container (one side), 1303 the water level, 1304 the cable filament itself, 1305 a guide wheel, 1306 a spool, 1307 a drive belt or drive chain assembly, 1308 the stepper motor.

[0168] Figure 14 illustrates 1401 a magnetic conduit assembly, 1402 comprising a ceramic encapsulated circular neodymium magnet, 1403 an encapsulated stepper motor, 1404 a non-metallic drive belt assembly, 1406 a ceramic enclosure, and 1407 an assembly set.

[0169] Figure 15 illustrates the system flowchart indicating a pass / do not pass condition during normal operations.

[0170] Figure 16 illustrates two hydrogen storage tanks found in the current Honda FOX hybrid car model.

[0171] Figure 17 illustrates 1701 a supplemented salt water supply tank comprising 1702 water inlet port, 1703 salt inlet port, 1704 a cubic floating water shutdown level detector 1705 a salinity measurement instrument.

[0172] Figure 18 illustrates 1801-18A an ionic misalignment of H2 ions as can be found in the preferred embodiment, and 18022-18B an ionic alignment after these ions are subjected to the magnetic field generated by the magnetic conduction set illustrated in Figure 14 described above.

[0173] Figure 19 illustrates 1901 an example of vacuum pumps as could be found in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example. The pumps comprise removing gas from the 1902 production chamber, the 1903 production outlet for H2 or O2 gas, and 1904 removing air from the initial outlet.

[0174] Figure 20 illustrates 2001 the computer panel image (identical to that found in Figure 10 above, except that control can be monitored and adjusted by a computer operator from a remote location via a satellite channel. or wireless connection).

[0175] Figure 21 illustrates 2101 a satellite-powered control channel, 2102 a regional operator office, 2103 comprising a satellite uplink antenna for an orbiting satellite, 2104 an H2 refueling pump owned by a major supplier of gasoline such as ARCO, for example, 2105 comprising a satellite receiving antenna.

[0176] Figure 22 illustrates 2201 a chemical plasma accelerator comprising 2202 a gas inlet port, 2203 a plasma source, 2204 a remote transport region, 2205 a gas deflector or spark suppressor, 2206 a main air chamber processing, and 2207 a vacuum pump, as can be found in the preferred embodiment of the present invention for example.

[0177] Figure 23 illustrates 2301 the effective hydrogen and oxygen ratios with a metalloid or metal comprising 2302 hydrogen gas, 2303 metal, and 2304 oxygen gas, as can be found in the preferred embodiment of the present invention for example.

[0178] Figure 24 illustrates Figure 45 of the Arno Vigen compressed cube model of the realignment of the periodic table of the elements incorporated here by reference as if fully contained here. The Table comprises 2401 a circle around the TO4, TOS and TOG6 groupings illustrating the motomagnetic cover, 2402 a circle around the E01, E02 and EO03 groupings illustrating the equatorial group 90 with high electrical conductivity.

[0179] Figure 25 illustrates 2501 the coherent light source model, comprising 2502 the magnetic guide, 2503 the laser light tube, and acts to accelerate the ions in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example over a length of wave specified to correspond with the resonant frequency of the ionic mass being affected in this example.

[0180] Figure 26 illustrates 2601 electron seating positions H2O0 and H202 according to the Arno Vigen compressed cube model, comprising 2602 the hydrogen atom offering a proton to bond with an oxygen atom to achieve a shared bond, further comprising 2603 illustrating H202 with oxygen and hydrogen sharing a bond derived from a magnetic conduction of the ionic mass.

[0181] Figure 27 illustrates the chemical formula that allows the present invention to release hydrogen on the side of the crucible and oxygen on the opposite side of the same crucible with a result of pure H2 gas being released on the H2 side of the crucible.

[0182] Figure 28 illustrates the example of the Arno Vigen compressed cube of different choices of cathode and anode with various metals and their counterparts to achieve the desired end result in the preferred embodiment of the present invention for example.

[0183] Figure 29 illustrates a summary of the present invention and the advantages of the invention over prior art teachings previously cited in the invention foundations pages incorporated into the present invention by the description above.

Claims (1)

01. A system composed of two different metals submerged in an aqueous solution so that when a high voltage is applied to the two metals a plasma or fourth state of matter is created, thus effectively releasing a large amount of ionic particles composed mainly of hydrogen and oxygen gases and the by-products of the different metals themselves. 02. The system of claim 01 further comprising a modulated radio frequency pulse from a low voltage power supply defined as a frequency designed to reduce the energy consumption of the high voltage power supply, while separating various compounds located in the solution. watery. 03. The system of claims 01 and 02 further comprising a magnetic ionic mass steering device submerged in the aqueous solution and comprising an electric stepper motor and a round magnetic part attached to a magnetic bar part, which are maneuverable and rotatable while submerged , to separate the various positive and negative ions being released into the plasma solution. 04. The system of claims 01, 02 and 03, further comprising a vacuum pump to circulate the ionic mass and filter compounds such as TiO, 2 and other derived compounds created during the ionic release of atoms. 05. The system of claims 01, 02, 03 and 04 further comprising H2 and O2 gas pressure and vacuum pumps and gas storage tanks and filters, for gas purification and storage tank refills. 06. The system of claims 01, 02, 03 and 04 further comprising a combining stage of H2 and O2 that mixes the gases H2 and O2 in the appropriate stoichiometric percentages, in order to burn properly after ignition for various uses and purposes. 07. The system of claims 01, 02, 03 and 04 further comprising spark protectors to prevent unintentional ignition due to the return of gases being ignited. 08. The system of claims 01, 02, 03 and 04 further comprising a system monitor and console station for monitoring gas leaks, gas pressures, gas temperatures and water levels, in the event of a catastrophic failure, the system will automatically shut down and an audible alarm will sound. 09. The system of claims 01, 02, 03, 04 and 08 further comprising an automatic tip feeder to replace tungsten tips, as needed, encapsulated within a copper sleeve and a ceramic cover. The system of claims 01, 02, 03, 04 and 08 further comprising a metal filament feeder assembly comprising an engine, a transmission belt, a free wire spool, a guide wheel and a ceramic insulating part or glass. The system of claims 01, 02, 03, 04 and 08 and further comprising a seeded water supply system for salting the feed water (s), in order to eliminate bacteria and sanitize the raw waste water in the feeding tank with automatic shut-off and feeding valve. The system of claims 01, 02, 03, 04 and 08 further comprising a coherent light source composed of a laser beam and a magnetic orientation part, housed in a single opening assembly used to resonate or oscillate the ionic mass at a desired pulsed frequency, to facilitate bonding, breaking and separating bonds.