BR102021011034A2 - Group of blocks to be joined in batch - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is for the technical sector of civil construction and refers to a group of blocks for the construction of walls, beams and columns.
The aim of the invention is to solve the technical problems of blocks designed to be dry pre-assembled and grouted in batches, in terms of: the need to grout the entire wall; grout waste; block complexity; complexity and inefficiency of locking systems; misalignment, unevenness and lack of plumb; lack of design for hollow blocks; final wall finish at work.
The solution proposed by the invention comprises: a group of blocks, including hollow blocks, to be adhered in batch by injection of adherent material only in the adhesion joints; dry pre-assembly with free grip joints (no locking); optional pre-assembly with grip joints locked with elastic pins to guarantee gap-free locking; functional tolerances to guarantee the pre-assembly of the wall with alignment, leveling, plumb and maximum clearances in the adhesion joints; blocks with the final finishing of the wall to be assembled on site.

Description

GROUP OF BLOCKS TO BE ADHERED IN BATCH UNIT OF THE INVENTION

[001] The unit of the invention refers to a group of interrelated blocks for being joined in batch by injection of adhering material only in the adhesion joints, for being pre-assembled dry and for having the final finish of the wall to be mounted on site.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[002] It refers to the civil construction sector, and its main application is in the construction of walls, beams and columns for buildings, from the factory stage, involving design and manufacture, to the work, involving from the from laying the blocks to the final finishing of the walls.

STATUS OF THE TECHNIQUE AND EXISTING PROBLEMS Blocks and Bricks - Terms and Definitions

[003] For the purpose of uniformity of concept, solid units can be considered as bricks, with a smaller shape than the blocks, where the height is normally less than the width. Because they have smaller dimensions than blocks, they are less productive and are currently used mainly in smaller constructions, decorations, etc.

[004] On the other hand, any unit with a shape normally derived from a straight parallelepiped, with dimensions greater than the bricks, including the height/width ratio, can be considered as blocks.

[005] In this way, the well-known Bahia brick should be included in the group of blocks, more precisely as blocks and bricks for masonry according to ABNT NBR 15270-1.

[006] On the other hand, "compensating blocks", as defined by ABNT NBR 6136, are part of the blocks because they complement the "family of blocks" mentioned in that standard, although they may have the shape of the previously defined bricks.

[007] In conclusion, considering that the terms brick and block are not limiting to the present claimed invention, for all purposes, they should be considered synonymous

[008] Block technology for civil construction provides for several different shapes and sizes, currently highlighting hollow blocks, both structural and sealing, of cement or ceramic materials, in addition to autoclaved cellular concrete blocks, these being the latter classified as massive blocks of density ≤ 650 kg/m3.

massive blocks

[009] Considering the ABNT NBR 6136 standard that defines a hollow block as "masonry component whose net area is equal to or less than 75% of the gross area", for classification purposes, we can adopt that massive block is the one that comprises a greater net area than 75% of the gross area.

Solid blocks of density ≤ 650 kg/m3

[010] The autoclaved cellular concrete blocks defined by ANBT NBR 13438 have the following characteristics compared to traditional solid blocks, made of cement or clay and the same external dimensions:
• Less weight for handling;
• Less weight of assembled walls;
• Easy cutting with saws to adjust the work, etc.

hollow blocks

[011] The hollow blocks, defined by ABNT NBR 6136 and ABNT NBR 15270, made from cement or clay, have the following positive characteristics compared to solid blocks made of the same material and the same external dimensions:
• Less weight for handling;
• Less weight of assembled walls;
• Less quantity of material to manufacture the block;
• Horizontal and vertical voids passing through the walls and, consequently, strategic spaces for installing reinforcement and concreting to form columns, straps, lintels and counter-lintels, installation of pipes, conduits, etc.
• Structural option.

target of invention

[012] Therefore, the target of this invention is hollow blocks and solid blocks of density ≤ 650 kg/m3, however, it must be made clear that the invention is not limited to only these options, as will be defined later.

Laying the blocks with mortar

[013] In the process of laying blocks with mortar or other adherent material, the mortar has a double function: to unite the blocks with each other and to compensate for the dimensional and geometric tolerances of manufacture, the latter aiming to guarantee the nominal measures after being laid; in other words, it is through the mortar that the position of the block is adjusted in the "x", "y", "z" directions, that is, the plumb, alignment and leveling adjustments of the wall, in addition to the filling for the adhesion of the joints, that is, of the gaps between the blocks. See the definition of "x", "y", "z" directions in paragraph-[255] -.

[014] Another obvious function of mortar is to withstand the loads of compression, shear, etc.

[015] Regarding the adhering materials for laying bricks or blocks, several options are available on the market, marketed as "mortars", "glues", "ready glue", etc., in addition to the grout that is perhaps the best known, however, it is still not widely used for laying blocks.

[016] At this stage it is important to comment on the differences between mortar and grout, or grout, in English, in order to characterize the inventive process of the traditional process.

[017] Mortar: "mixture of inert materials, such as sand, with binding materials, such as cement and/or lime, and water, used to join or coat stones, bricks or blocks, which forms masonry sets".

[018] Grout: "has a fluid consistency, allowing full filling without the need for densification; it reaches high initial and final strengths, translating into rapid stability, that is, curing time; it has controlled expansion; several options depending on each type of application; high performance under severe service conditions; mineral base, such as cement, or organic base, such as resin, polymers; injectable; etc.".

[019] As a reference, it is also necessary to describe the term "joint", according to the Dicio dictionary: "Construction. Interval, filled or not with cement, that separates stones or bricks, juxtaposed or superimposed".

Technical problems - Laying the blocks in general with mortar

[020] Need for artisanal labor, or almost.

[021] Need to apply the mortar in a manual process, synchronized with the adhesion of one block at a time in the construction of the wall.

[022] Each block laid, one by one, must be controlled and adjusted at the same time, regarding alignment, leveling and plumb, in addition to vertical and horizontal positioning to ensure that they do not exceed or miss the height or length of the specified wall. .

[023] Each seated block has little stability in the first few minutes of settlement, and may even settle a little out of the initially seated position.

[024] It does not allow minor corrections of plumb and/or wall alignment after laying, without having to dismantle the blocks and remove the mortar, and this has to be done before curing.

Technical problems - Laying of hollow blocks with mortar

[025] In the case of hollow blocks, especially those of structural function, in addition to the problems of laying the blocks in general mentioned above, there is a difficulty in controlling the thickness of the mortar on the thin wall of the block, especially on the transverse walls of the blocks because they cannot be inspected and that often the installer does not even put on mortar so as not to waste time, a fact that can be evidenced in an image search on the internet. The lack of mortar in these walls reduces the support surface subject to compression, which was probably not considered in the structural calculation. Another problem is the waste of the mortar that falls outside the thin wall of the block.

Blocks for dry pre-assembly

[026] In the state of the art there are several blocks for dry pre-assembly, all comprising elements with means specially designed to stabilize their position during dry pre-assembly, such as fittings, insertion of pins, etc.

[027] Some options will be presented later, in the subheadings: patent reference.

Technical problems - Blocks in general for dry pre-assembly

[028] They are heavier compared to hollow blocks of the same material and the same external dimensions

[029] The joint system with elements with means specially designed to stabilize their position during dry pre-assembly has at least the following problems:
• Increased complexity of block design;
• If the fittings or inserts become loose, the locking system will lose its function;
• If the fittings or inserts are tight, the wall will be guided by the joint locking system and not by the external faces of the blocks, in order to eliminate the adjustments in the "x" and "y" directions, that is, make the adjustments of wall alignment and plumb, positive characteristics of conventional mortar laying. See the definition of "x", "y", "z" directions in paragraph-[255] -.

[030] Another problem, essential for the application of joints comprising elements with means specially designed to stabilize their position during dry pre-assembly, is the lack of application of the concept of "functional quotation", a mechanical engineering practice for the definition of the dimensional and geometric tolerances that guarantee the functioning, in the blocks to be assembled without mortar as a means of dimensional adjustment. The lack of this concept does not guarantee the functioning of the assembly of the blocks with alignment, plumb and leveling, nor the functioning of the maximum clearances allowed in the joints in the case of walls with grouted joints, in addition to not guaranteeing the functioning of the joint locking system.

ABNT NBR 15873 - Modular coordination for buildings

[031] According to Mário William Esper, director of the construction industry department at Fiesp, about ABNT NBR 15873 – Modular coordination for buildings:
• “Modular coordination is considered one of the pillars to industrialize construction, a process by which the task of building is transformed into an assembly activity. The technique allows the use of kits and components that are more easily assembled in projects of volume of construction, as is the case of popular housing… it can simplify and cheaper the execution of projects in the construction sites”;
• “Standardization means that a door or window will be produced respecting this module, eliminating the variation of measures used in the manufacture of components. “It will make the construction a lego”, he compares”

[032] However, everything that is good can be improved even more...

Technical problem - ABNT NBR 15873 - Modular coordination for buildings

[033] In the case of modular blocks, such as hollow blocks, a technical problem is the divergence between the modular dimensions and the nominal dimensions, where the main modular advantage is to be a multiple or submultiple of 100 mm, but the nominal dimensions are always 10 mm less in all dimensions, that is, in height, width and length, precisely to compensate for the nominal clearance of 10 mm required for the application of the mortar in the joints. This results in that, in a room with a modular plan measurement of 4000 mm X 4000 mm external and 3600 mm X 3600 mm internal, with a modular wall of 200 mm thickness, that is, the width of the block, the nominal measurements of the mounted wall will be 3990 mm X 3990 external and 3610 mm X 3610 mm internal, with a wall thickness of 190 mm. That is, in a modular project where everything is drawn to scale, all nominal dimensions are “missing” or “left over” by 10 mm in relation to the 100 mm module. This is a problem because there is a current and, even greater, future trend of eliminating plastering from walls made of top quality blocks, such as structural hollows, for example. For the blocks of the invention, in addition to eliminating the plaster, there is a proposal to eliminate the painting in the work because they are already painted from the factory.

PATENTARY REFERENCES Patent reference 1: WO2008059544 A1 of 05/22/2008

• o 1 furo cilíndrico vertical passante "14" no centro do corpo, obtido por usinagem;
• o 1 recorte vertical passante em forma de V "12" em cada uma das faces transversais, sendo o vértice central do V alinhado ao eixo do furo central "14", obtido por usinagem;
• o 2 furos cilíndricos verticais passantes "16", um em cada metade longitudinal da face superior/inferior, ou seja, um em cada lado do furo central, para montagem de pinos para travamento das juntas;
• o 2 canais semi-cilíndricos longitudinais passantes "6", um em cada metade longitudinal da face superior; o mesmo acontece com a face inferior;
• o 1 canal longitudinal passante no centro na face superior; o mesmo acontece na face inferior.

• Pinos "18" com forma cônica em ambas as extremidades para travamento das juntas;
• O processo de pré-montagem dos blocos e de aplicação de graute têm as seguintes características:
o Os blocos são empilhados à seco e os pinos de travamento "18" devem ser montados a cada camada, onde os furos "14" e recortes "12" vão formando os canais verticais enquanto que, os semi-canais "6" juntamente com o rebaixo longitudinal passante entre eles vão formando os canais horizontais;

• o Depois dos blocos pré-montados à seco, a parede é grauteada através dos canais verticais, com preenchimento de todas as cavidades, inclusive as cavidades internas "14".

• Apresenta apenas os seguintes tipos de blocos:

• o Bloco inteiro típico;
• o Bloco inteiro terminal;
• o Blocos para adição de coluna na parede.

• Prevê as seguintes montagens de blocos:

• o Amarração linear;
• o Amarração "L";
• o Montagem de coluna embutida na parede;
• o Montagem de parede dupla;
• o Montagem de coluna isolada com blocos.

[034] It comprises as main characteristics:
• Block derived from a straight parallelepiped, apparently massive, which can also be considered hollow depending on the hollow area, comprising:

• o 1 vertical cylindrical through hole "14" in the center of the body, obtained by machining;
• o 1 V-shaped vertical cutout "12" on each of the transverse faces, the central vertex of the V being aligned with the axis of the central hole "14", obtained by machining;
• o 2 vertical cylindrical through holes "16", one in each longitudinal half of the upper/lower face, that is, one on each side of the central hole, for mounting pins to lock the joints;
• o 2 through semi-cylindrical longitudinal channels "6", one in each longitudinal half of the upper face; so does the underside;
• o 1 longitudinal channel passing through the center on the upper face; the same happens on the underside.

• Pins "18" with conical shape at both ends to lock the joints;
• The pre-assembly of blocks and grouting process have the following characteristics:
o The blocks are dry stacked and the locking pins "18" must be mounted on each layer, where the holes "14" and cutouts "12" form the vertical channels while the semi-channels "6" together with the longitudinal recess passing between them forms the horizontal channels;

• o After the dry pre-assembled blocks, the wall is grouted through the vertical channels, filling all the cavities, including the internal cavities "14".

• Displays only the following types of blocks:

• the typical entire block;
• the entire terminal block;
• o Blocks for adding a column to the wall.

• Provides for the following block assemblies:

• o Linear mooring;
• o Mooring "L";
• o Mounting the column built into the wall;
• o Double wall mounting;
• o Insulated column assembly with blocks.

Technical problems of patent reference 1: WO2008059544 A1

[035] The grouting of all vertical through holes "14" located in the center of the block body are unnecessary for the adhesion between the blocks, since cavities in the external surfaces between the blocks would already be sufficient for the adhesion between them. See the explanation of this problem in paragraph-[273] -, in addition to another problem mentioned in paragraph-[290] about maximum grout thickness.

[036] In the case of solid blocks, the through holes "14" specially designed for grouting, are unnecessary for the adhesion between the blocks and increase the complexity

[037] In the case of hollow blocks, whether the block of this patent reference is considered hollow or not, it is not applicable to the concept of hollow blocks, that is, dry pre-assembled walls are characterized by the grouting of all cavities in a way to form a massive wall structure and therefore without the positive characteristics presented in paragraph-[011] -.

[038] Waste of grout since the filling volumes of the central channels "14" are unnecessary for the adhesion between the blocks. In addition to that, in the case of hollow blocks, only the structural ones are filled, and only at strategic points, such as columns, straps, lintels and counter beams, and also with specific material for the structural function, more economical, coarse, with the addition of gravel. , such as concrete, unlike the case where the grout has to flow through all the longer and smaller cross-section vertical and horizontal channels. In other words, the adherent material should be used in the minimum and sufficient amount, only with an adhesion function and not with a structural function.

[039] Waste of grout due to the fact that both the vertical channel "V" and the horizontal channels formed by the semi-channels "6" and with the longitudinal recess passing between them, are unnecessarily bulky for the adhesion of the blocks.

[040] Lack of descriptive sufficiency regarding the application of the concept of functional quotation and definitions of dimensional and geometric tolerances of the external surfaces of the blocks, resulting in the non-guarantee of the functioning of the assembly of the blocks with alignment, plumb and leveling, nor of the maximum allowable clearances in the joints.

[041] The dry pre-assembly process uses a joint locking system through 2 conical pins "18" inserted in the 2 holes "16" and, consequently, presents the technical problems described below:

[042] Increased complexity of block design due to 2 "16" holes specially designed to stabilize joint position during dry pre-assembly. In addition, the aforementioned holes "16", because they are located in the body of the block and have a small diameter, long length and cylindrical rather than conical shape, cannot be obtained by the conventional molding/demolding process and, therefore, need obtained by the machining process.

[043] Need for conical pins "18" and increased pre-assembly time of blocks due to the assembly of conical pins "18".

[044] From the conceptual point of view of mechanical engineering, the joint locking system does not fulfill its function, since, according to "Fig. 18", the conical pins "18" are mounted loosely in the upper blocks.

[045] In addition, even if an interference fit were adopted in all blocks, the blocks would be guided by the locking system, or in other words, the blocks would be pulled to the center of the holes, so as to lose the adjustments of alignment and plumb of the external walls, due to the lack of application of the concept of functional quotation and definitions of dimensional and geometric tolerances in the joint locking system.

[046] Lack of the following design options for massive blocks:
• Half-block;
• "T" type mooring;
• Type "X"mooring;
• Verga;
• Counterbending;
• Modular wall length compensators;
• Modular span length compensators;
• Modular span height compensators;
• Terminal blocks in the vertical direction.

[047] Note: If hollow blocks were considered, there would be a lot more options, such as "U" and "J" channels, for example. See various options of hollow block designers in paragraph-[172] -.

Patent Reference 2: US2015033660 A1 of 02/05/2015

• o 2 furos triangulares verticais passantes "12", um em cada metade longitudinal do bloco;
• o 1 recorte vertical passante em forma de U em cada uma das faces transversais, sendo o eixo central do U alinhado ao eixo dos furos triangulares verticais "12";
• o 8 furos cônicos verticais não passantes "13", distribuídos na face superior;
• o Face superior côncava;
• o 8 pinos cônicos verticais "21" salientes, alinhados com os furos cônicos "13", porém localizados na face inferior;
• o Face inferior côncava.

• O processo de pré-montagem dos blocos e de aplicação de graute têm as seguintes características:

• o Os blocos são pré-montados à seco a cada camada, onde os 8 pinos "21" pré-existentes na face inferior do bloco devem ser encaixados no furos cônicos "13" pré-existentes na faces superior do blocos e, onde os 2 furos tipo V "12" e os 2 recortes tipo U vão formando os canais verticais, enquanto que as faces côncavas superiores/inferiores vão formando os canais horizontais;
• o Depois dos blocos pré-montados à seco, a parede é grauteada através dos canais verticais, com preenchimento de todas as cavidades, inclusive as cavidades internas "12".

• Apresenta apenas um tipo de bloco:

• o Bloco inteiro típico.

• Prevê apenas a seguinte montagem de blocos:

• o Amarração linear.

[048] It comprises as main characteristics:
• Block derived from a straight parallelepiped, apparently hollow, comprising:

• o 2 vertical triangular through holes "12", one in each longitudinal half of the block;
• o 1 U-shaped vertical pass-through cutout on each of the transverse faces, the central axis of the U being aligned with the axis of the vertical triangular holes "12";
• o 8 non-passing vertical conical holes "13", distributed on the upper face;
• o Concave upper face;
• o 8 protruding vertical "21" conical pins, aligned with the "13" conical holes, but located on the underside;
• o Concave underside.

• The pre-assembly of blocks and grouting process have the following characteristics:

• o The blocks are dry pre-assembled for each layer, where the 8 pre-existing "21" pins on the lower face of the block must be fitted into the pre-existing "13" conical holes on the upper face of the blocks and, where the 2 "12" type V holes and the 2 U type cutouts form the vertical channels, while the upper/lower concave faces form the horizontal channels;
• o After the dry pre-assembled blocks, the wall is grouted through the vertical channels, filling all the cavities, including the internal cavities "12".

• Displays only one type of block:

• the typical entire block.

• Provides only for the following assembly of blocks:

• o Linear mooring.

Technical issues of patent reference 2: US2015033660 A1

[049] The grouting of all vertical through holes "12" located in the body of the block is unnecessary for the adhesion between the blocks, since cavities in the external surfaces between the blocks would already be enough for the adhesion between them. See the explanation of this problem in paragraph-[273] -, in addition to another problem cited in paragraph-[290] about maximum grout thickness

[050] In the case of solid blocks, the through holes "12" specially designed for grouting, are unnecessary for the adhesion between the blocks and increase the complexity.

[051] In the case of hollow blocks, whether the block of this patent reference is considered hollow or not, it is not applicable to the concept of hollow blocks, that is, the dry pre-assembled walls are characterized by the grouting of all cavities in a way to form a massive wall structure and therefore without the positive characteristics presented in paragraph-[011] -.

[052] Waste of grout since the filling volumes of the central channels "12" are unnecessary for the adhesion between the blocks. In addition to that, in the case of hollow blocks, only the structural ones are filled, and only at strategic points, such as columns, straps, lintels and counter beams, and also with specific material for the structural function, more economical, coarse, with the addition of gravel. , such as concrete, unlike the case where the grout has to flow through all the longer and smaller cross-section vertical and horizontal channels. In other words, the adherent material should be used in the minimum and sufficient amount, only with an adhesion function and not with a structural function.

[053] Waste of grout due to the fact that both the vertical channel "U" and the horizontal channels formed by the concavities of the upper/lower faces, are unnecessarily bulky for adhesion of the blocks.

[054] Lack of descriptive sufficiency regarding the application of the concept of functional quotation and definitions of dimensional and geometric tolerances of the external surfaces of the blocks, resulting in the non-guarantee of the functioning of the assembly of the blocks with alignment, plumb and leveling, nor of the maximum allowable clearances in the joints.

[055] The dry pre-assembly process uses a joint locking system through 8 "21" conical pins and 8 pre-existing "13" conical holes in the blocks and, consequently, presents the technical problems described below:

[056] Increased complexity of block design due to 8 tapered pins "21" and 8 tapered holes "13", specially designed to stabilize joint position during dry pre-assembly.

[057] From the conceptual point of view of mechanical engineering, the joint locking system does not fulfill its function, since, according to "Fig. 6", the adjustments between the conical pins and conical holes are loose.

[058] Furthermore, even if a gapless fit between them were adopted, the fit of 4 tapered pins with 4 tapered holes on each side of the block would require precision machining and even then would not guarantee tight assembly between them, as under the From the conceptual point of view of mechanical engineering, this type of quadruple adjustment is not adopted simultaneously, that is, only 1 adjustment is feasible at a time.

[059] Furthermore, even if the locking system worked, the blocks would be guided by the locking system, or in other words, the blocks would be pulled to the center of one of the pins and tapered holes, so as to lose the locking adjustments. alignment and plumb of the external walls, due to the lack of application of the concept of functional quotation and definitions of dimensional and geometric tolerances in the joint locking system.

[060] Lack of the following design options for massive blocks:
• Half-block;
• Type "L"mooring;
• "T" type mooring;
• Type "X"mooring;
• Verga;
• Counterbending;
• Modular wall length compensators;
• Modular span length compensators;
• Modular span height compensators;
• Terminal blocks in the horizontal direction;
• Terminal blocks in the vertical direction.

[061] Note: If hollow blocks were considered, many more options would be lacking, such as "U" and "J" channels, for example. See various options of hollow block designers in paragraph-[172] -.

Patent reference 3: WO2008052282 A1 of 05/08/2008

• o 2 furos cilíndricos verticais passantes "20" e "21", sendo um em cada metade longitudinal do corpo;
• o 1 recorte vertical passante "16" em forma de rabo de andorinha, tipo fêmea, em uma das faces transversais, alinhado ao eixo dos furos cilíndricos verticais "20" e "21";
• o 1 saliência vertical "12" em forma de rabo de andorinha, tipo macho, na outra face transversal, alinhado ao eixo dos furos cilíndricos verticais "20" e "21"
• ; o 2 rasgos de chaveta longitudinais "24" nas extremidades laterais da face superior do bloco, em forma de meia-seção circular oblonga; o
• 2 chavetas longitudinais "26" salientes nas extremidades laterais da face inferior do bloco, em forma de seção retangular, alinhadas com os canais "24" da face superior;
• o 1 rebaixo longitudinal central passante "16" na face inferior do bloco, em forma de seção retangular.

• Tubos plásticos de 90 mm de diâmetros para travamentos das juntas;
• O processo de pré-montagem dos blocos e de aplicação de graute têm as seguintes características:

• o Os blocos são pré-montados à seco a cada camada, sendo que nas faces transversais os blocos são encaixados entre si pelos recortes "16" e saliências "12" em forma de rabo de andorinha, e nas faces superior/inferior os blocos são encaixados entre si pelas chavetas "26" e rasgos de chaveta "24";
• o Além disso, tubos plásticos de 90 mm são montados nos furos verticais "20" e "21", definindo mais uma região de travamento das juntas dos blocos empilhados;
• o Depois dos blocos pré-montados à seco e os tubos plásticos de 90 mm são grauteados.

• Apresenta apenas um tipo de bloco:

• o Bloco inteiro típico.

• Prevê apenas a seguinte montagem de blocos:

• o Amarração linear.

[062] It comprises as main characteristics:
• Block derived from a straight parallelepiped, apparently massive, which can also be considered hollow depending on the hollow area, comprising:

• o 2 vertical cylindrical through holes "20" and "21", one in each longitudinal half of the body;
• o 1 vertical dovetail cutout "16", female type, on one of the transverse faces, aligned with the axis of the vertical cylindrical holes "20" and "21";
• o 1 dovetail vertical lug "12", male type, on the other transverse face, aligned with the axis of the vertical cylindrical holes "20" and "21"
• ; o 2 longitudinal keyways "24" on the lateral ends of the upper face of the block, in the form of an oblong circular half-section; O
• 2 longitudinal keys "26" protruding on the lateral ends of the lower face of the block, in the form of a rectangular section, aligned with the channels "24" of the upper face;
• o 1 central longitudinal recess "16" on the underside of the block, in the form of a rectangular section.

• 90 mm diameter plastic tubes for joint locking;
• The pre-assembly of blocks and grouting process have the following characteristics:

• o The blocks are dry pre-assembled for each layer, and on the transverse faces the blocks are fitted together by the cutouts "16" and projections "12" in the shape of a dovetail, and on the upper/lower faces the blocks are fitted together by keys "26" and keyways "24";
• o In addition, 90 mm plastic tubes are mounted in vertical holes "20" and "21", defining one more region for locking the joints of the stacked blocks;
• o After dry pre-assembled blocks and 90 mm plastic tubes are grouted.

• Displays only one type of block:

• the typical entire block.

• Provides only for the following assembly of blocks:

• o Linear mooring.

Technical problems of patent reference 3: WO2008052282 A1

[063] The grouting of all 90 mm diameter plastic tubes has no bonding function between the blocks, since it has no connection with the cavities on the external surfaces between the blocks. See the explanation of this problem in paragraph-[273] -, in addition to another problem mentioned in paragraph-[290] about maximum grout thickness.

[064] In the case of solid blocks, the through holes "20" and "21" specially designed for the assembly of 90 mm plastic tubes and grouting, are unnecessary for the adhesion between the blocks and increase the complexity.

[065] In the case of hollow blocks, whether the block of this patent reference is considered hollow or not, it is not applicable to the concept of hollow blocks, that is, dry pre-assembled walls are characterized by the grouting of all cavities in a way to form a massive wall structure and therefore without the positive characteristics presented in paragraph-[011] -.

[066] Waste of grout since the filling volumes of 90 mm plastic tubes are unnecessary for the adhesion between the blocks. In addition to that, in the case of hollow blocks, only the structural ones are filled and only at strategic points, such as columns, braces, lintels and counter beams.

[067] It is said that the horizontal transverse channels "24" are not filled with grout, so it can be deduced that the horizontal channels "16" of greater empty volume are not filled either, since the plastic tube must be one-piece for having the function to align the holes "20" and "21" and support the vertical line of the blocks. Therefore, both the lower/upper and transverse faces are grout-free, so as not to use the block adhesion system through adherent material and thus

depart from the claims of this invention.

[068] Lack of descriptive sufficiency regarding the application of the concept of functional quotation and definitions of dimensional and geometric tolerances of the external surfaces of the blocks, resulting in the non-guarantee of the functioning of the assembly of the blocks with alignment, plumb and leveling, nor of the maximum allowable clearances in the joints.

[069] The dry pre-assembly process uses a joint locking system through three types of locking, very exaggerated, hyperstatic and, consequently, presents the technical problems described below:

[070] Increase in the complexity of the block design, tripled, due to the system formed by three types of locking specially designed to stabilize the position of the joints during dry pre-assembly, namely: cylindrical holes "20" and "21" , cut out "16" and boss "12" and slots "24" and braces "26";

[071] Need for 90 mm diameter plastic tubes and increase in the pre-assembly time of the blocks due to the assembly of said tubes.

[072] From the conceptual point of view of mechanical engineering, the joint locking system does not fulfill its function, since three locking systems applied at the same time, either would not assemble due to assembly interferences, or would assemble with days off. So, in this paragraph, the assembled system and, consequently, with clearances should be considered.

[073] Furthermore, even if one of the locking systems worked, the blocks would be guided by it, or in other words, the blocks would be pulled by the locking system so as to lose the possibility of alignment and plumb adjustments of the external walls. , this is due to the lack of application of the concept of functional quotation and definitions of dimensional and geometric tolerances in the joint locking system.

[074] Lack of the following design options for massive blocks:
• Half-block;
• Type "L"mooring;
• "T" type mooring;
• Type "X"mooring;
• Verga;
• Counterbending;
• Modular wall length compensators;
• Modular span length compensators;
• Modular span height compensators;
• Terminal blocks in the horizontal direction;
• Terminal blocks in the vertical direction.

[075] Note: If hollow blocks were considered, many more options would be lacking, such as "U" and "J" channels, for example. See various options of hollow block designers in paragraph-[172] -.

Patent reference 4: US5802797 A of 08/09/1998

• o 1 furo oblongo vertical passante "24" no centro do corpo;
• o 1 rasgo vertical passante "26" em forma de "C" em cada uma das faces transversais, sendo a linha de centro alinhada ao eixo do furo central "24";
• o 1 ranhura longitudinal passante "40" localizada no centro da face superior;
• o 1 par de saliências longitudinal passante "42" localizada no centro da face inferior, projetado para se encaixar na ranhura "40", porém com folga "44" tanto na lateral quanto na profundidade, através do qual o graute deverá fluir;
• o Ranhuras "28" nas regiões próximas às bordas das faces de junção, em todo o contorno do bloco, tanto do lado da parede interna quanto da parede externa. Nota: As ranhuras "28" não tem a função de canais para injeção de material aderente, com finalidade de aderência das juntas. Elas têm a função de barreira para evitar o escorrimento do graute para fora da parede.

• O processo de pré-montagem dos blocos e de aplicação de graute têm as seguintes características:

• o Os blocos são pré-montados à seco a cada camada, onde o par de saliências "42" pré-existentes na face inferior do bloco devem ser encaixados nas ranhuras "40" pré-existentes na face superior do bloco, onde os furos "24" e os rasgos "26" vão formando os canais verticais, enquanto que as folgas "44" vão formando os canais horizontais;
• o Depois dos blocos pré-montados à seco, a parede grauteada através dos canais verticais com preenchimento de todas as cavidades, inclusive as cavidades internas "24".

• Apresenta apenas os seguintes tipos de blocos:

• o Bloco inteiro típico;
• o Bloco para canto.

• Prevê as seguintes montagens de blocos:

• o Amarração linear;
• o Amarração "L".

[076] It comprises as main characteristics:
• Block derived from a straight parallelepiped, apparently hollow, comprising:

• the 1 vertical oblong hole "24" in the center of the body;
• o 1 vertical through slot "26" in the form of a "C" in each of the transverse faces, the center line being aligned with the axis of the central hole "24";
• o 1 longitudinal through groove "40" located in the center of the top face;
• o 1 pair of longitudinal through lugs "42" located in the center of the underside, designed to fit into the "40" groove, but with a "44" clearance both on the side and in the depth, through which the grout must flow;
• o Grooves "28" in the regions close to the edges of the joint faces, all around the block, both on the side of the inner wall and of the outer wall. Note: The "28" grooves do not have the function of channels for injection of adherent material, with the purpose of adhesion of the joints. They serve as a barrier to prevent grout from running off the wall.

• The pre-assembly of blocks and grouting process have the following characteristics:

• o Blocks are dry pre-assembled for each layer, where the pair of pre-existing "42" bosses on the underside of the block must be fitted into the pre-existing "40" grooves on the upper face of the block, where the holes "24" and the slots "26" form the vertical channels, while the gaps "44" form the horizontal channels;
• o After the dry pre-assembled blocks, the wall is grouted through the vertical channels filling all the cavities, including the internal cavities "24".

• Displays only the following types of blocks:

• the typical entire block;
• the corner block.

• Provides for the following block assemblies:

• o Linear mooring;
• o Mooring "L".

Technical problems of patent reference 4: US5802797 A

[077] The grouting of all vertical through holes "24" located in the center of the block body is unnecessary for the adhesion between the blocks, since cavities in the external surfaces between the blocks would already be sufficient for the adhesion between them. See the explanation of this problem in paragraph-[273] -, in addition to another problem mentioned in paragraph-[290] about maximum grout thickness.

[078] In the case of solid blocks, the through holes "24" specially designed for grouting, are unnecessary for the adhesion between the blocks and increase the complexity.

[079] In the case of hollow blocks, whether the block of this patent reference is considered hollow or not, it is not applicable to the concept of hollow blocks, that is, dry pre-assembled walls are characterized by the grouting of all cavities in a way to form a massive wall structure and therefore without the positive characteristics presented in paragraph-[011] -.

[080] Waste of grout since the filling volumes of the central channels "24" are unnecessary for the adhesion between the blocks. In addition to that, in the case of hollow blocks, only the structural ones are filled, and only at strategic points, such as columns, straps, lintels and counter beams, and also with specific material for the structural function, more economical, coarse, with the addition of gravel. , such as concrete, unlike the case where the grout has to flow through all the longer and smaller cross-section vertical and horizontal channels. In other words, the adherent material should be used in the minimum and sufficient amount, only with an adhesion function and not with a structural function.

[081] Grout waste due to the fact that both the vertical channel "26" and the horizontal channels formed by the "24" gaps are unnecessarily bulky for the adhesion of the blocks.

[082] Lack of descriptive sufficiency regarding the application of the concept of functional quotation and definitions of dimensional and geometric tolerances of the external surfaces of the blocks, resulting in the non-guarantee of the functioning of the assembly of the blocks with alignment, plumb and leveling, nor of the maximum allowable clearances in the joints.

[083] The dry pre-assembly process uses a joint locking system through 1 pair of bosses "42" and 1 groove "40" and, consequently, presents the technical problems described below:

[084] Increased complexity of block design due to pair of bosses "42" and groove "40" specially designed to stabilize joint position during dry pre-assembly.

[085] From the conceptual point of view of mechanical engineering, the joint locking system does not fulfill its function, since, according to "Fig. 2" and "Fig. 3", the system has clearance "44".

[086] In addition, if a gapless fit at the joints was adopted, the blocks would be guided by the locking system, or in other words, the blocks would be pulled in such a way as to lose the alignment and plumb adjustments of the external walls, this due to the lack of application of the concept of functional quotation and definitions of dimensional and geometric tolerances in the joint locking system.

[087] Lack of the following design options for massive blocks:
• Half-block;
• "T" type mooring;
• Type "X"mooring;
• Verga;
• Counterbending;
• Modular wall length compensators;
• Modular span length compensators;
• Modular span height compensators;
• Terminal blocks in the horizontal direction;
• Terminal blocks in the vertical direction.

[088] Note: If hollow blocks were considered, many more options would be lacking, such as "U" and "J" channels, for example. See various options of hollow block designers in paragraph-[172] -.

Patent Reference 5: US5729943 A of 03/24/1998

• o 1 furo cilíndrico vertical passante "15" no centro do corpo;
• o 1 rasgo vertical passante "12" em forma de "C" em cada uma das faces transversais, sendo a linha de centro alinhada ao eixo do furo central "15";
• o 1 ranhura longitudinal passante "13" em forma de "C" localizada no centro da face superior;
• o 1 ranhura longitudinal passante "14" em forma de "C" localizada no centro da face inferior;
• o 1 par de projeções longitudinais "17" para cada furo "17" e para cada rasgo "12", dispostos simetricamente em relação ao centro do furo "15" e dos rasgos "12", localizados na face superior;
• o 1 assento longitudinal "16" para cada par de projeções "17", localizados na face inferior.

• O processo de pré-montagem dos blocos e de aplicação de graute têm as seguintes características:

• o Os blocos são pré-montados à seco a cada camada, onde os assentos "16" pré-existentes nas faces inferiores devem ser encaixados nas projeções "17" pré-existentes nas faces superiores, onde os furos "15" e rasgos "12" vão formando os canais verticais, enquanto que as ranhuras "13" e "14" vão formando os canais horizontais;
• o Depois dos blocos pré-montados à seco, a parede é a grauteada através dos canais verticais com preenchimento de todas as cavidades, inclusive as cavidades internas "15".

• Apresenta apenas os seguintes tipos de blocos:

• o Bloco inteiro típico;
• o Blocos inteiros especiais 10R, 10M, 10F, 10T, 10X, 10S, 10E, 10A.

• Prevê as seguintes montagens de blocos:

• o Amarração linear;
• o Amarrações: R, M, F, T, X, S, E.

[089] It comprises as main characteristics:
• Block derived from a straight parallelepiped, apparently massive, which can also be considered hollow depending on the hollow area, comprising:

• o 1 vertical cylindrical through hole "15" in the center of the body;
• o 1 vertical through slot "12" in the form of a "C" on each of the transverse faces, the center line being aligned with the axis of the central hole "15";
• o 1 longitudinal through slot "13" in the form of a "C" located in the center of the upper face;
• o 1 longitudinal through slot "14" in the form of a "C" located in the center of the lower face;
• o 1 pair of longitudinal projections "17" for each hole "17" and for each slot "12", arranged symmetrically in relation to the center of the hole "15" and the slots "12", located on the upper face;
• o 1 longitudinal seat "16" for each pair of projections "17", located on the underside.

• The pre-assembly of blocks and grouting process have the following characteristics:

• o The blocks are dry pre-assembled for each layer, where the pre-existing "16" seats on the lower faces must be fitted into the pre-existing "17" projections on the upper faces, where the "15" holes and "12" slots " they form the vertical channels, while the slots "13" and "14" form the horizontal channels;
• o After the dry pre-assembled blocks, the wall is grouted through the vertical channels filling all the cavities, including the internal cavities "15".

• Displays only the following types of blocks:

• the typical entire block;
• o Special whole blocks 10R, 10M, 10F, 10T, 10X, 10S, 10E, 10A.

• Provides for the following block assemblies:

• o Linear mooring;
• o Moorings: R, M, F, T, X, S, E.

Technical problems of patent reference 5: US5729943 A

[090] The grouting of all vertical through holes "15" located in the center of the block body is unnecessary for the adhesion between the blocks, since cavities in the external surfaces between the blocks would already be enough for the adhesion between them. See the explanation of this problem in paragraph-[273] -, in addition to another problem mentioned in paragraph-[290] about maximum grout thickness.

[091] In the case of solid blocks, the through holes "15" specially designed for grouting, are unnecessary for the adhesion between the blocks and increase the complexity.

[092] In the case of hollow blocks, whether the block of this patent reference is considered hollow or not, it is not applicable to the concept of hollow blocks, that is, dry pre-assembled walls are characterized by the grouting of all cavities in a way to form a massive wall structure and therefore without the positive characteristics presented in paragraph-[011] -.

[093] Waste of grout since the filling volumes of the central channels "15" are unnecessary for the adhesion between the blocks. In addition to that, in the case of hollow blocks, only the structural ones are filled, and only at strategic points, such as columns, straps, lintels and counter beams, and also with specific material for the structural function, more economical, coarse, with the addition of gravel. , such as concrete, unlike the case where the grout has to flow through all the longer and smaller cross-section vertical and horizontal channels. In other words, the adherent material should be used in the minimum and sufficient amount, only with an adhesion function and not with a structural function.

[094] Waste of grout due to the fact that both the vertical channels "12" and the horizontal channels formed by the grooves "13" and "14", are unnecessarily bulky for the adhesion of the blocks.

[095] Lack of descriptive sufficiency regarding the application of the concept of functional quotation and definitions of dimensional and geometric tolerances of the external surfaces of the blocks, resulting in the non-guarantee of the functioning of the assembly of the blocks with alignment, plumb and leveling, nor of the maximum allowable clearances in the joints.

[096] The dry pre-assembly process uses a joint locking system through seats "16" and projections "17" and, consequently, presents the technical problems described below:

[097] Increased complexity of block design due to "16" seats and "17" projections specially designed to stabilize joint position during dry pre-assembly.

[098] From the conceptual point of view of mechanical engineering, the joint locking system does not fulfill its function, since the fitting is loosely mounted.

[099] In addition, if a gapless fit at the joints was adopted, the blocks would be guided by the locking system, or in other words, the blocks would be pulled in such a way as to lose the alignment and plumb adjustments of the external walls, this due to the lack of application of the concept of functional quotation and definitions of dimensional and geometric tolerances in the joint locking system.

[100] Lack of the following design options for massive blocks:
• Half-block;
• Verga;
• Counterbending;
• Modular wall length compensators;
• Modular span length compensators;
• Modular span height compensators;
• Terminal blocks in the vertical direction.

[101] Note: If hollow blocks were considered, many more options would be lacking, such as "U" and "J" channels, for example. See various options of hollow block designers in paragraph-[172] -.

Patent Reference 6: US2655032 A of 10/13/1953

• o 1 furo cilíndrico vertical passante "18" no centro do corpo;
• o 1 rasgo vertical passante "17" em forma de "C" em cada uma das faces transversais, sendo a linha de centro alinhada ao eixo do furo central "18";
• o 1 ranhura longitudinal passante "13" em forma de "C" localizada no centro da face superior;
• o 1 ranhura longitudinal passante "15" em forma de "C" localizada no centro da face inferior;
• o 1 projeção longitudinal central "12", em forma de chaveta, localizado na face superior;
• o 1 recesso longitudinal "14" em forma de rasgo de chaveta, para acomodar a projeçaõ "12" com folga pequena na lateral e maior na altura, localizado na face inferior.

• O processo de pré-montagem dos blocos e de aplicação de graute têm as seguintes características:

• o Os blocos são pré-montados à seco a cada camada, onde os recessos "14" pré-existentes nas faces inferiores devem ser encaixados nas projeções "12" pré-existentes nas faces superiores, onde os furos "18" e rasgos "17" vão formando os canais verticais, enquanto que as ranhuras "13" e "15" vão formando os canais horizontais;
• o Depois dos blocos pré-montados à seco, a parede é grauteada através dos canais verticais com preenchimento de todas as cavidades, inclusive as cavidades internas "18".

• Apresenta apenas os seguintes tipos de blocos:

• o Bloco inteiro típico;
• o Bloco para canto.

• Prevê as seguintes montagens de blocos:

• o Amarração linear;
• o Amarração "L".

[102] It comprises as main characteristics:
• Block derived from a straight parallelepiped, apparently massive, comprising:

• the 1 vertical cylindrical through hole "18" in the center of the body;
• o 1 vertical through slot "17" in the form of a "C" on each of the transverse faces, the center line being aligned with the axis of the central hole "18";
• o 1 longitudinal through slot "13" in the form of a "C" located in the center of the upper face;
• o 1 longitudinal through slot "15" in the form of a "C" located in the center of the underside;
• o 1 central longitudinal projection "12", in the form of a key, located on the upper face;
• o 1 longitudinal recess "14" in the form of a keyway, to accommodate the projection "12" with small clearance on the side and greater in height, located on the lower face.

• The pre-assembly of blocks and grouting process have the following characteristics:

• o The blocks are dry pre-assembled for each layer, where the pre-existing "14" recesses on the lower faces must be fitted into the pre-existing "12" projections on the upper faces, where the "18" holes and "17" slots " they form the vertical channels, while the grooves "13" and "15" form the horizontal channels;
• o After the dry pre-assembled blocks, the wall is grouted through the vertical channels filling all the cavities, including the internal cavities "18".

• Displays only the following types of blocks:

• the typical entire block;
• the corner block.

• Provides for the following block assemblies:

• o Linear mooring;
• o Mooring "L".

Technical problems of patent reference 6: US2655032 A

[103] The grouting of all vertical through holes "18" located in the center of the block body is unnecessary for the adhesion between the blocks, since cavities in the external surfaces between the blocks would already be sufficient for the adhesion between them. See the explanation of this problem in paragraph-[273] -, in addition to another problem cited in paragraph-[290] about maximum grout thickness

[104] In the case of solid blocks, the through holes "18" specially designed for grouting, are unnecessary for the adhesion between blocks and increase the complexity.

[105] In the case of hollow blocks, whether the block of this patent reference is considered hollow or not, it is not applicable to the concept of hollow blocks, that is, dry pre-assembled walls are characterized by the grouting of all cavities in a way to form a massive wall structure and therefore without the positive characteristics presented in paragraph-[011] -.

[106] Waste of grout since the filling volumes of the central channels "18" are unnecessary for the adhesion between the blocks. In addition to that, in the case of hollow blocks, only the structural ones are filled, and only at strategic points, such as columns, straps, lintels and counter beams, and also with specific material for the structural function, more economical, coarse, with the addition of gravel. , such as concrete, unlike the case where the grout has to flow through all the longer and smaller cross-section vertical and horizontal channels. In other words, the adherent material should be used in the minimum and sufficient amount, only with an adhesion function and not with a structural function.

[107] Waste of grout due to the fact that both the vertical channels "17" and the horizontal channels formed by the grooves "13" and "15", are unnecessarily bulky for the adhesion of the blocks

[108] Lack of descriptive sufficiency regarding the application of the concept of functional quotation and definitions of dimensional and geometric tolerances of the external surfaces of the blocks, resulting in the non-guarantee of the functioning of the assembly of the blocks with alignment, plumb and leveling, nor of the maximum allowable clearances in the joints.

[109] The dry pre-assembly process uses a joint locking system through recesses "14" and projections "12" and, consequently, presents the technical problems described below:

[110] Increased block design complexity due to specially designed "16" recesses and "12" projections to stabilize joint position during dry pre-assembly.

[111] From a mechanical engineering conceptual point of view, the joint locking system does not fulfill its function, since the fitting is loosely mounted.

[112] In addition, if a gapless fit at the joints were adopted, the blocks would be guided by the locking system, or in other words, the blocks would be pulled in such a way as to lose the alignment and plumb adjustments of the external walls, this due to the lack of application of the concept of functional quotation and definitions of dimensional and geometric tolerances in the joint locking system.

[113] Lack of the following design options for massive blocks:
• Half-block;
• "T" type mooring;
• Type "X"mooring;
• Verga;
• Counterbending;
• Modular wall length compensators;
• Modular span length compensators;
• Modular span height compensators;
• Terminal blocks in the horizontal direction;
• Terminal blocks in the vertical direction.

[114] Note: If hollow blocks were considered, many more options would be lacking, such as "U" and "J" channels, for example. See various options of hollow block designers in paragraph-[172] -.

Patent reference 7: GB1045289A - Bricks or building blocks

• o Pelo menos um furo cilíndrico central vertical passante "6" no corpo e se comunica com uma parte denominada "frog-recessed 2", equivalente a uma bolsa inferior;
• o 1 canal vertical passante em cada uma das faces transversais, denominadas de "end channells 3".

• O processo para montagem dos blocos e de injeção de graute têm as seguintes características:

• o A argamassa é injetada no bloco da camada superior através do furo vertical central "6", atinge a camada de blocos inferior e preenche uma das juntas verticais "end channells 3", sobe de nível até preencher a bolsa inferior "2" do referido bloco da camada superior suspendendo-o a uma distância referente à espessura da junta horizontal da argamassa, nivelando-o pela face superior. Obs.: neste caso, acho que é utilizado argamassa ao invés de graute porque o graute tem mais fluidez e iria vazar muito nas juntas inferiores, a ponto de não dar a pressão necessária para o levantamento do bloco;
• o O processo se repete no próximo bloco e, portanto, é caracterizado pelo assentamento de um bloco de cada vez;
• o Preenchimento de argamassa em todas as cavidades, inclusive as cavidades internas.

• Apresenta apenas um tipo de bloco:

• o Bloco inteiro típico.

• Prevê apenas a seguinte montagem de blocos:

• o Amarração linear.

[115] Found a publication in the "Espacenet" base with the "publication number" GB1045289A, which comprises as main characteristics:
• Block derived from a straight parallelepiped, apparently massive, comprising:

• o At least one central vertical cylindrical through hole "6" in the body and communicates with a part called "frog-recessed 2", equivalent to a lower bag;
• o 1 vertical channel passing through each of the transverse faces, called "end channels 3".

• The process for assembling the blocks and grout injection has the following characteristics:

• o The mortar is injected into the block of the upper layer through the central vertical hole "6", it reaches the lower layer of blocks and fills one of the vertical joints "end channells 3", it rises in level until it fills the lower pocket "2" of said block from the top layer by suspending it at a distance referring to the thickness of the horizontal joint of the mortar, leveling it from the top face. Obs.: in this case, I think mortar is used instead of grout because the grout is more fluid and would leak a lot in the lower joints, to the point of not giving the necessary pressure to lift the block;
• o The process is repeated in the next block and, therefore, is characterized by laying one block at a time;
• o Filling of mortar in all cavities, including the internal cavities.

• Displays only one type of block:

• the typical entire block.

• Provides only for the following assembly of blocks:

• o Linear mooring.

Patent reference 7 technical issues: GB1045289A

[116] The filling of all vertical through holes "6" located in the center of the block body is unnecessary for the adhesion between the blocks, since cavities in the external surfaces between the blocks would already be sufficient for the adhesion between them. The same goes for the vertical through holes "11" and "12" shown in another variant. See the explanation of this problem in paragraph-[273] -, in addition to another problem mentioned in paragraph-[290] about maximum grout thickness.

[117] In the case of solid blocks, the through holes "6" specially designed for infill, are unnecessary for adhesion between blocks and increase the complexity. The same goes for the through holes "11" and "12" shown in another variant.

[118] In the case of hollow blocks, whether the block of this patent reference is considered hollow or not, it is not applicable to the concept of hollow blocks, that is, dry pre-assembled walls are characterized by filling all cavities in a way to form a massive wall structure and therefore without the positive characteristics presented in paragraph-[011] -.

[119] Waste of mortar since the filling volumes of the central channels "6" are unnecessary for the adhesion between the blocks. In addition to that, in the case of hollow blocks, only the structural ones are filled, and only at strategic points, such as columns, straps, lintels and counter beams, and also with specific material for the structural function, more economical, coarse, with the addition of gravel. , such as concrete, unlike the case where the grout has to flow through all the longer and smaller cross-section vertical and horizontal channels. In other words, the adherent material should be used in the minimum and sufficient amount, only with an adhesion function and not with a structural function. The same goes for the central channels "11" and "12" presented in another variant.

[120] Waste of mortar due to the fact that both the vertical channel "3" and the horizontal channels formed by the lower pocket "2" are unnecessarily bulky for the adhesion of the blocks.

[121] The process of adhering the blocks is done by injection of mortar which, although automated, is limited to one block at a time, as in the traditional process, in order to distance itself from the claims of this invention.

[122] Another problem in the process is that, in addition to requiring a sophisticated machine for injection of mortar that has to have enough pressure to lift the block and level it, there is grout runoff in the overlap joint, that is, the joint of the wall remains exposed and has to be trimmed and cleaned, as in the traditional process, in order to depart from the claims of this invention.

[123] Lack of the following design options for massive blocks:
• Half-block;
• Type "L"mooring;
• "T" type mooring;
• Type "X"mooring;
• Verga;
• Counterbending;
• Modular wall length compensators;
• Modular span length compensators;
• Modular span height compensators;
• Terminal blocks in the horizontal direction;
• Terminal blocks in the vertical direction.

[124] Note: If hollow blocks were considered, many more options would be lacking, such as "U" and "J" channels, for example. See various options of hollow block designers in paragraph-[172] -.

TECHNICAL PROBLEMS IN GENERAL Technical problems - Raw state and rework on site

[125] Another technical problem is the mentality of the “raw” state of the blocks, where everything has to be reworked, adapted and finished in the work, including the complement of forms through filling with mortar or cuttings in the blocks for dimensional, functional, passage of armor, pipes, etc., which generate a lot of rubble, dirt, labor, time, etc. This no longer makes sense when one wants to reach the point of making “building a lego”.

Technical problems - Final finishing of the walls

[126] Another technical problem is the need for the final finishing of the walls, columns and beams at the work, which generate a lot of mortar preparation, rubble, dirt, chemical material disposal, labor, time, cost, etc. See final finishing definition in paragraph-[223] -.

Technical problems - Other aspects

[127] Long construction time, in addition to the quality, human and environmental impacts.

STATUS OF THE TECHNIQUE - REFERENCES

[128] Concrete block manufacturing process:
• https://www.inovaconcreto.com.br/blog/bloco-de-concreto/

[129] Ceramic blocks and bricks: Characteristics, classification, Compressive strength and Manufacturing Process according to the UFRGS website:
• https://lume-re-demonstracao.ufrgs.br/alvenariaestrutural/blocos_ceramicos.php

[130] Autoclaved Cellular Concrete Blocks: Characteristics, Classification, Compressive Strength and Manufacturing Process according to the UFRGS website:
• https://www.ufrgs.br/napead/projetos/alvenariaestrutural/blocos_autoclavados.php

[131] Other references:
• ABNT NBR 6136:2016 - Cast plain concrete block for masonry;
• ABNT NBR 12118 - Empty concrete blocks for masonry - Test methods;
• ABNT NBR 15270-1:2017 - Ceramic components - Blocks and bricks for masonry. Part 1 - Requirements;
• Scientific article "Typology of structural ceramic blocks: influence of block geometry on the mechanical behavior of masonry", see: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-70762011000200008;
• ANBT NBR 13438/13439/13440 - Autoclaved cellular concrete blocks;
• ANBT NBR 14956-1/14956-2 - Autoclaved cellular concrete blocks;
• ABNT NBR 13281 - Mortar for laying and covering walls and ceilings - Requirements;
• ABNT NBR 15873 – Modular coordination for buildings.

OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION

[132] The object of the invention comprises eliminating or alleviating all the technical problems presented previously in the state of the art.

PROPOSED SOLUTION

[133] The proposed solution, detailed below and summarized in this paragraph, comprises a group of blocks for walls, beams and columns with the final finishing of the building, to be joined in batch by injection of adherent material only in the adhesion joints, after the pre- -dry assembly with free grip joints and optionally with locked grip joints.

BENEFITS

[134] The advantages of the present invention comprise the elimination or mitigation of all technical problems presented previously in the prior art.

[135] Another advantage is being able to pre-assemble, with or without blocking the blocks, a portion of the wall or even an entire first row or several rows of a room or an entire building, anticipating and/or foreseeing possible problems. and hits that, in the old practice, would only be verified after the walls were assembled.

[136] It is also very advantageous to be able to carry out all the controls and adjustments on the pre-assembled walls before starting the batch adhesion process of the blocks.

NEW AND TECHNICAL EFFECT

[137] Notes on patent references 3 and 7:
• Patent reference 3, WO2008052282 A1, departs from this claim as described in paragraph-[067] - but will nevertheless be considered where relevant.
• Patent reference 7, GB1045289A, departs from this claim as described in paragraph-[121] and paragraph-[122] - but will nonetheless be considered where relevant.

[138] Novelty 1: Group of blocks to be batch bonded comprising outer faces with means to be batch bonded by injection of bonding material (106) only at the bond joints (107).

[139] Note:
• See the definition of external faces with means to be joined in batch by injection of adherent material in paragraph-[244] -.
• See the definition of adhering material (106) in paragraph-[220] -.
• See the definition of adhesion joints (107) in paragraph-[214] -.

[140] Technical effect 1a: Elimination of grouting the vertical holes located in the block body and, consequently, the elimination of the unnecessary operation described in the following paragraphs:
• Paragraph-[035] ;
• Paragraph-[049] ;
• Paragraph-[063] ;
• Paragraph-[077] ;
• Paragraph-[090] ;
• Paragraph-[103] ;
• Paragraph-[116] .

[141] Technical effect 1b: Solid blocks (1... to 8...) with less complexity, as shown in Table 01, without vertical holes located in the body of the block and, consequently, the elimination of the complexity described in paragraphs a follow:
• Paragraphs-[036] ;
• Paragraphs-[050] ;
• Paragraphs-[064] ;
• Paragraphs-[078] ;
• Paragraphs-[091] ;
• Paragraphs-[104] ;
• Paragraphs-[117] .

[142] Technical effect 1c: Applicable to the family of hollow blocks (10... to 64...) presented in Tables 02, 03 and 04 and, consequently, the elimination of the technical problems described in the following paragraphs:
• Paragraphs-[037] ;
• Paragraphs-[051] ;
• Paragraphs-[065] ;
• Paragraphs-[079] ;
• Paragraphs-[092] ;
• Paragraphs-[105] ;
• Paragraphs-[118] ;

[143] Technical effect 1d: In relation to hollow blocks, because the novelty was not anticipated by the patent references as explained in the previous paragraph, another effect is the elimination of the technical problems of laying the hollow blocks presented in the following paragraphs:
• Paragraph-[020] to paragraph-[024] ;
• Paragraph-[025] .

[144] Technical effect 1e: Saving of grout and, consequently, the elimination of the technical problems described in the following paragraphs:
• Paragraphs-[038] ;
• Paragraphs-[052] ;
• Paragraphs-[066] ;
• Paragraphs-[080] ;
• Paragraphs-[093] ;
• Paragraphs-[106] ;
• Paragraphs-[119] .

[145] Novelty 2: The means for the external faces of the blocks to be joined in batch comprise adhesion joints (107), as defined in paragraph-[244] -, comprising channels (121 to 158) with minimum and sufficient dimensions and quantities , in the form of a cord, arranged on the edges. In conclusion, the novelty is that, while the patent references present in the cross-sections to the path of the adherent material a very wide and/or voluminous tear or channel in the central region of the adherence surfaces, the invention presents 2 strands of much smaller sections, strategically located at the edges of the gripping surfaces.

[146] Technical effect 2a: More efficient sealing at the edges of adhesion joints-(107), as defined in rule 7 presented in paragraph-[298] -.

[147] Technical effect 2b: Saving grout and, consequently, the elimination of waste presented in the following paragraphs:
• Paragraph-[039] ;
• Paragraph-[053] ;
• Note: Patent reference 3 does not have grout in the adhesion joints;
• Paragraph-[081] ;
• Paragraph-[094] ;
• Paragraph-[107] ;
• Paragraph-[120] ;

[148] Novelty 3: The means for the external faces of the blocks to be bonded in batch after the dry pre-assembly comprise defined dimensional and geometric tolerances in order to guarantee the operation of the dry pre-assembly and the injection of the adherent material, as defined from paragraph-[524] to paragraph-[554] and in the drawing of Fig. 004

[149] Technical effect 3a: Dry pre-assembly of the walls with good alignment, leveling and plumb, in addition to guaranteeing a maximum clearance that can exist in the adhesion joints (107) so that the adherent material (106) injected does not leak of the adhesion joints (107), or leak as permitted so as not to harm the injection process and, consequently, eliminate the technical problems presented in the following paragraphs:
• Paragraph-[040] ;
• Paragraph-[054] ;
• Paragraph-[068] ;
• Paragraph-[082] ;
• Paragraph-[095] ;
• Paragraph-[108] .

[150] Technical effect 3b: Ensuring that the dry pre-assembly of blocks with alignment and plumb works works and, consequently, eliminates the technical problems presented in the following paragraphs:
• Paragraph-[045] ;
• Paragraph-[059] ;
• Paragraph-[073] ;
• Paragraph-[086] ;
• Paragraph-[099] ;
• Paragraph-[112] .

[151] Novelty 4: group of blocks to be joined in batch with final finishing of the wall to be assembled.

[152] Note: See the definition of the final finish of the wall to be mounted in paragraph-[223] -.

[153] Technical Effect 4: Elimination of the technical problems presented in the following paragraph:
• Paragraph-[126] .

[154] Novelty 5: The dry pre-assembly of the blocks comprises the free adhesion joints (107).

[155] Note: See the definition of free adhesion joints (107) in paragraph-[215] -.

[156] Technical effect 5: Block with less complexity due to the elimination of elements specially designed to stabilize its position during dry pre-assembly and, consequently, the elimination of the technical problems presented in the following paragraphs:
• Paragraph-[042] -e-[043] ;
• Paragraph-[056] ;
• Paragraph-[070] -e-[071] ;
• Paragraph-[084] ;
• Paragraph-[097] ;
• Paragraph-[110] .

[157] Novelty 6: The dry pre-assembly of the blocks comprise locked adhesion joints, and the locking must be done by elastic pins (73) mounted by interference in the channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155 , 157, 158), as a variant of dry pre-assembly. Another novelty is the elastic pin itself as a device for the assembly process.

[158] Note:
• See definition of elastic pin (73) from paragraph-[589] to paragraph-[593] -.
• See process for assembling the elastic pin (73) from paragraph-[565] -.

[159] Technical effect 6a: Guarantee of locking the joints by interference, that is, without play, eliminating the technical problems presented in the following paragraphs:
• Paragraph-[044] ;
• Paragraphs-[057] -e-[058] ;
• Paragraph-[072] ;
• Paragraph-[085] ;
• Paragraph-[098] ;
• Paragraph-[111] .

[160] Technical effect 6b: Locking only of the transverse joints, that is, all the horizontal rows, among themselves, have freedom of adjustment in the lateral direction, resulting in greater freedom of alignment and plumb of the pre-assembled wall. Furthermore, due to the arrangement of the pins, compressed between the transverse joints, the entire horizontal row has a certain mobility for alignment. The weight of an entire course is more than enough to stabilize the pre-assembled wall portion until the bonding material is injected.

[161] Technical effect 6c: Use, for locking, of the same vertical channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155) for injection of adherent material, resulting in a block with less complexity due to the elimination of an element specially designed for stabilize its position during dry pre-assembly and, consequently, eliminate the technical problems presented in the following paragraphs:
• Paragraph-[042] ;
• Paragraph-[056] ;
• Paragraph-[070] ;
• Paragraph-[084] ;
• Paragraph-[097] ;
• Paragraph-[110] .

[162] Technical effect 6d: Device for mounting the product (73) as it comprises means to lock the adhesion joints (107) by fit with interference in the channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155, 157, 158) and means for allowing adhering material to pass therethrough.

[163] Novelty 7: Family of massive blocks (1... to 8...) as shown in Table 01, with new design and/or function options in addition to those existing in the patent references.

[164] Technical Effect 7: New options to solve the basic needs of building walls for a building compatible with the massive block and, consequently, eliminating the technical problems of assembly on site presented in the following paragraphs:
• Paragraph-[046] ;
• Paragraph-[060] ;
• Paragraph-[074] ;
• Paragraph-[087] ;
• Paragraph-[100] ;
• Paragraph-[113] ;
• Paragraph-[123] .

[165] New 8: Device for mounting the product comprising plugs (71) and half-plugs (72).

[166] Note: See the definition of plugs (71) and half-plugs (72) from paragraph-[584] to paragraph-[588] -.

[167] Technical effect 8: Means for calibrating the outlet of air and adhering material in the channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155, 157, 158) and means for locking the adhesion joints (107) by adjustment with interference on those channels.

[168] Novelty 9: Process for manufacturing the product, comprising the family of hollow blocks that comprises the traditional molding and curing process, but comprises allowance to be removed by machining operation at least on the surfaces of the adhesion faces (107) and on channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155, 157, 158).

[169] Note: See the process for manufacturing the product from paragraph-[594] to paragraph-[599] -.

[170] Technical effect 9: Obtaining the dimensional and geometric tolerances that have been defined in order to guarantee the operation of the dry pre-assembly of the blocks and the injection of the adhering material, as defined in paragraph-[524] to paragraph-[554 ] and in the drawing in Fig. 004

[171] Novelty 10: Family of hollow blocks (10... to 64...) as shown in Tables 02, 03 and 04, with new design and/or function options in addition to those existing in the state of the art.

[172] Technical Effect 10: New options to solve the basic needs of modular wall construction, including "Uv" channel blocks to solve the basic needs of modular beam construction and "O" rings blocks to solve the basic needs of the construction of modular columns, in buildings compatible with hollow blocks, with solutions presented in paragraph-[432] -, paragraph-[433] -, paragraph-[498] and paragraph-[515] and, consequently, the elimination of technical problems on-site assembly presented in paragraph-[125] -.

[173] New 11: Nominal block dimensions equal to modular dimensions.

[174] Note: See the definition of nominal dimensions from paragraph-[524] to paragraph-[528] -.

[175] Technical Effect 11: Elimination of the technical problems presented in paragraph-[033] -.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[176] The objectives of the present invention are achieved by a GROUP OF BLOCKS TO BE ADHERED IN BATCH comprising: massive BLOCKS, for walls, preferably those with densities ≤ 650 kg/m3, comprising the integer forms (1, 1f, V1, V1b , V2, V2c, V3, V4, V5, V6), fractional (2, 2f, 2v, 3, 3f, 4, 4f) and compensating (5, 5f, 5v, 6, 6f, 7, 8); Hollow BLOCKS, for walls, comprising whole shapes (10, 10f, V11, V11b, V11c, V12, V12d, V13, V14, V15, V16, V17), fractional (11, 11f, 11p), "V" lashings ( 12d, 12e), compensators (13, 14, 15A, 15B), "I" lashings (16, 18), "L" lashings (18) and "T" and/or "X" lashings (19); BLOCKS "U" channels, for walls, comprising the shapes whole (20), fractional (21, 21a, 21f), compensators (25A, 25B), "X" lashings (27), "L" lashings (28d, 28e) and "T" lashings (29, 29f); BLOCKS channels "J", for walls, comprising the forms whole (30), fractional (31, 31a), compensators (35A, 35B), lashings "L" (38d, 38e) and mooring "T" (39); BLOCKS channels "Ur", for walls, comprising the forms whole (40), fractional (41, 41a), compensators (45A, 45B), "L" lashings (48d, 48e), "T" lashing (49) and lashing "X" (49x); BLOCKS "Uv" channels, for beams, comprising integral shapes (50, 50a), compensators (55A, 55B), "I" (56) and "X" (57) anchorages; BLOCKS "O" rings, for columns, comprising the shapes whole square (61), compensating square (61f), whole rectangular (62), compensating rectangular (62f), whole round (63), compensating round (63f), circular- integral oblong (64) and compensating circular-oblong (64f); to be adhered in batch by injection of adhering material (106) after dry pre-assembly, characterized in that they comprise external faces with means to be adhered in batch by injection of adhering material (106) only in the adhesion joints (107).

[177] The objects of the present invention are also achieved in that the means for the external faces to be joined in batch is characterized by comprising adhesion joints (107).

[178] The objectives of the present invention are also achieved by the adhesion joints (107) being characterized by comprising channels (121 to 158) comprising the following characteristic rules: rule 1: section of the assembled channels: the assembled channels (171 to 185 ) must respect the minimum and maximum dimensions of thickness of the adherent material defined by the manufacturers, and preferably the minimum dimension, or the closest to it, should be chosen, with values ≤ 10 mm being preferred; the channels must comprise the geometric shape that respects the conditions of the manufacturer of the adhering material and fulfill the function required for its operation, and the sections derived from the circular shape (A1, A2) are preferred, including the circular-oblong section ( B1, B2, C1, C2); rule 2: channel interconnection: all channels, from the same wall or lot, must be interconnected, from the entry points to the exit points of the injected adherent material; in the junctions of different walls, type longitudinal and transversal walls, the channels do not need to be interconnected; rule 3: adhesion joints in general: each adhesion joint must comprise channels on at least one of the faces of said pair; rule 4: longitudinal/transverse adhesion joint: for this adhesion joint, the transverse face must be preferred to comprise channels, however, both faces may comprise channels; rule 5: transverse/transverse adhesion joint: for this adhesion joint, at least one of the transverse faces must comprise channels, however, both faces may comprise channels; rule 6: lower/upper adhesion joint: for this adhesion joint, the lower face should be preferred to comprise channels, however, both faces may comprise channels; rule 7: sealing the edges: the channels must seal the external and internal surfaces of the walls of the buildings, very close to the edges of the infiltration faces in the assembled blocks; rule 8: typical location of channels on the underside: rule 8a: for the family of hollow blocks for walls, considering rules 6 and 7, the channels, if any, must be located on or close to the centerlines of the projections the thickness of the vertical walls of the normal blocks below, considering the pre-assembled walls; rule 8b: for blocks located in the middle of the wall, considering rules 6 and 7, the lower face of the block, when applicable, must comprise at least two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the face bottom; this rule is typical for variant blocks (V1 to V17), for solid blocks (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) and for hollow wall blocks (10, 11, 11p, 15A, 15B, 19 , 20, 21, 21a, 25A, 25B, 27, 29, 30, 31, 31a, 35A, 35B, 39, 40, 41, 41a, 45A, 45B, 49, 49x); complementing rule 8b, the lower face of the block, when applicable, may optionally comprise an unhollowed horizontal transverse channel (129) away from the transverse faces located on the lower face and two unhollowed horizontal transverse half-channels (130) each being located at each transverse corner of the underside; rule 8c: for terminal blocks in the horizontal direction, considering rules 6 and 7, the lower face of the block, when applicable, must comprise at least two semi-hollowed horizontal longitudinal channels (122) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the underside interconnected by an unhollowed horizontal transverse channel (128) located at the terminal edge of the underside; this rule is typical for solid blocks (1f, 2f, 3f, 4f, 5f) and for hollow wall blocks (10f, 11f, 18); rule 8d: for blocks for mooring "L", considering rules 6 and 7, the lower face of the block, when applicable, must comprise at least one hollow horizontal longitudinal channel (121a) located on only one of the longitudinal edges of the lower face , a half-hollow horizontal longitudinal channel (122a) located at one of the longitudinal edges of the lower face, a semi-hollow horizontal transverse channel (127c) located at the transverse terminal edge of the lower face; this rule is typical for blocks (28d, 28e, 38d, 38e, 48d, 48e); rules 8a, 8b, 8c and 8d also apply to the upper faces, when applicable, and the reference signals of the channels (121, 122, 128, 129, 130) must be replaced by (131, 132, 138, 139 , 140) respectively and, the hollow wall blocks (13, 14) must be included in the list of blocks with channels (131), in addition, the phrase "from the projections of the vertical wall thicknesses of the normal blocks below" must be replaced by the phrase "from the projections of the thicknesses of the vertical walls of the tenth normal blocks"; optionally, shear channels (161) may be inserted on this face; rule 8e: for column blocks, considering rules 6 and 7, the lower face of the block must comprise at least one closed horizontal channel (153) located in the thickness of the external wall of the block, on the lower face, in addition to two horizontal channels to the diagonally opposed nozzle of the injection device (157) located in the symmetry line of the lower face; this rule is typical for blocks (61, 61f, 62, 62f, 63, 63f); rule 8e also applies to the upper faces, when applicable, and the reference signals of the channels (153, 157) shall be substituted for (154, 158) respectively; rule 9: typical location of channels on the transverse face: rule 9a: for the family of hollow blocks for walls and beams, considering rules 5 and 7, the channels must be located on, or close to, the centerlines of the thickness projections of the vertical longitudinal walls of the adjacent normal blocks, considering the pre-assembled wall or beam; rule 9b: for blocks located in the middle of the wall, considering rules 5 and 7, the transverse face of the block, when applicable, must comprise at least two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) being each located on each vertical edge of the face transversal; this rule is typical for variant blocks (V1 to V17), for solid blocks (1, 1f, 2, 2f, 3, 3f, 4, 4f, 5, 5f, 6, 6f) and for hollow wall blocks (10, 10f, 11, 11f, 11p, 15A, 15B, 18, 19, 20, 21, 21a, 25A, 25B, 27, 28d, 28e, 29, 30, 31, 31a, 35A, 35B, 38d, 38e , 39, 40, 41, 41a, 45A, 45B, 48d, 48e, 49, 49x); rule 9c: for terminal blocks in the vertical direction, considering rules 5 and 7, the transverse face of the block, when applicable, must comprise at least two semi-hollowed vertical longitudinal channels (143) being each located on each vertical edge of the transverse face interconnected by an unhollowed horizontal transverse channel (144) located at the terminal edge of the transverse face; this rule is typical for solid blocks (2v, 5v, 7, 8), for hollow wall blocks (13, 14, 21f, 29f) and for beam blocks (50, 50a, 55A, 55B, 57) ; complementing rules 9b and 9c, the transverse face of the block, where applicable, may optionally comprise the vertical channels for the nozzle of the injection device (155)

[179] The objectives of the present invention are also achieved in that the means for the external faces of the blocks to be adhered in batch are characterized by comprising dimensional and geometric tolerances with means to guarantee the operation of the dry pre-assembly and the injection of the adherent material. .

[180] The objectives of the present invention are also achieved by the dimensional and geometric tolerances being characterized by comprising that: the lower face of the block, defined by datum A, must have a flatness tolerance value less than or equal to 0.5 mm preferably, and, optionally, this value may be up to "F/2"; the longitudinal, transversal and superior external surfaces of the blocks, in the regions of the adhesion joints (107), must never exceed the theoretical external shape of the blocks, in addition, said dimensions must be from 0 mm to "F/2" smaller than that the theoretical external form of the blocks; the value of "F/2" being equal to half the value of "F", the values of "F" shall be 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 2, 5 mm, 3.0 mm, 3.5 mm, 4.0 mm, 4.5 mm and 5.0 mm, with values from 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm being preferred; and also understand that for the vertical channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155) the value of the "position tolerance" of the hole øD should preferably be ø0.5 mm in relation to the theoretical faces of the block, which are the longitudinal ones defined by the datum B and the transversal ones defined by the datum C, and also, being defined that the value of the dimension tolerance of the diameter of the hole øD should be preferably of ± 0.5 mm, being that, optionally, the values of the referred tolerances may be up to ø2.5 mm for said "position" and up to ± 2.5 mm for said dimension; and also understand that the horizontal channels (157, 158) of the column blocks must have the same tolerances as the vertical channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155).

[181] The objectives of the present invention are also achieved in that the Group of blocks to be joined in batches is characterized by comprising the final finish of the wall to be assembled, including background and finishing painting, textures, waterproofed, tiled or painted surfaces. applications that can provide similar smooth faces, including finishes that can be industrialized on the blocks at the time of manufacture.

[182] The objectives of the present invention are also achieved by the Process for assembling the product, comprising as step 1 the dry pre-assembly of a batch of blocks, and as step 2 the adhesion of the blocks in batch by injection of adherent material ( 106), being characterized in that it comprises in step 1 the dry pre-assembly with the adhesion joints (107) free, and in that it comprises in step 2 the injection of adhering material (106) only in the adhesion joints (107).

[183] The objectives of the present invention are also achieved by the free adhesion joints (107) being characterized by comprising the dry pre-assembly only with overlapping and juxtaposed blocks freely, and with the wall stabilized only by the own weight of the blocks.

[184] The objectives of the present invention are also achieved by the Process for assembling the product, comprising as step 1 the dry pre-assembly of a batch of blocks, and as step 2 the adhesion of the blocks in batch by injection of adherent material ( 106), characterized in that it comprises in step 1 the dry pre-assembly with adhesion joints (107) locked by elastic pins (73) mounted by interference in the channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155, 157, 158) , and as it comprises in step 2 the injection of adherent material (106) only in the adhesion joints (107), this claim being a variant of the assembly process.

[185] The objects of the present invention are also achieved in that the elastic pins (73) are characterized in that they comprise means for locking the adhesion joints (107) by fit with interference in the channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155). , 157, 158) and means for allowing adhering material to pass therethrough.

[186] The objects of the present invention are also achieved in that the Device for the assembly process described in paragraph-[182] and paragraph-[184] -, is characterized by comprising plugs (71) and half-plugs (72) with means for calibrating the output of air and adhesive material from the channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155, 157, 158) and means for locking the adhesion joints (107) by interference fit in said channels.

[187] The objectives of the present invention are also achieved in that the Process for manufacturing the product, comprising the family of hollow blocks, which comprises the traditional molding and curing process, is characterized by comprising allowance to be removed by machining operation at least on the surfaces of the grip faces (107) and in the channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155, 157, 158).

DEFINITIONS

[188] Some definitions considered important for the invention are highlighted below. Because these definitions are often summaries or syntheses of a more complete definition encompassing drawings, specific details, examples, etc., these definitions in themselves should not be considered definitive, but rather a summary and/or supplement to the content of the descriptive report as a whole. In addition, all derivations of the terms must also be applied to the meaning of the definition presented, covering plural and singular, masculine and feminine, etc. Other no less important definitions, even if absent in this subheading, are found in other subheadings.

[189] Hollow block: according to ABNT NBR 6136:2016, the "plain concrete hollow block" is a "component for the execution of masonry, with or without structural function, poured on the upper and lower faces, whose net area is equal to or less than to 75% of the gross area". However, the exception to the aforementioned standard is that for this invention, we will adopt the term "cast block" instead of "cast plain concrete block", clarifying here that the invention is not only applicable to the simple concrete material, it is also applicable to the hollow ceramic block with solid walls defined in the ABNT NBR 15270-1:2017 standard. For the purposes of the invention a broader definition has been adopted as described from paragraph-[367] to paragraph-[370] -.

[190] Family of hollow blocks: the ABNT NBR 6136:2016 standard defines the "family of blocks" as "a set of masonry components that interact modularly with each other and with other constructive elements. The blocks that make up the family, according to their dimensions , are designated as full block, half block, tie-down blocks L and T, compensating blocks A and B and channel-type blocks". For the purposes of the invention, the exception is that it is applicable to all types of hollow block material, including ceramic blocks, mooring blocks, compensators, "J" channels, "U channels" and complementary components defined in ABNT NBR 15270- 1:2017. Complementing, for the purposes of the invention, the term used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation, in addition to comprising the family of hollow blocks based on the NBRs standards mentioned in this paragraph, it includes the options of hollow blocks (10... to 64. ..) identified in Tables 02, 03 and 04, for walls, columns and beams, to complement the aforementioned family of hollow blocks.

[191] Massive block: the term used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation is defined from paragraph-[009] to paragraph-[010] -. For the purposes of the invention, also consider paragraph-[301] -. Furthermore, consider that the term massive block is any block that is included in the family of massive blocks, defined in paragraph-[192] -.

[192] Family of massive blocks: the term used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation, comprises the set of massive blocks (1... to 8...) identified in Table 01, which interact modularly with each other and with other constructive elements. The blocks that make up the family are designated as Integer, fractional and compensating, as presented from paragraph-[301] -.

[193] Group of blocks to be joined in batch: the term used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation, is detailed and scattered throughout this documentation, however, summarized in paragraph-[275] -.

[194] Batch: the term used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation, refers to the process for assembling the product, described from paragraph-[564] to paragraph-[571] -.

[195] Blocks: the generic term used here and/or in any other relevant documentation is defined from paragraph-[003] to paragraph-[008] -.

[196] "U" channel blocks: the term used here and/or in any other relevant documentation is defined in ABNT NBR 6136 and is supplemented from paragraph-[424] -. Furthermore, the term "U" channel block is any block that is included in the family of hollow blocks, defined in paragraph-[190] -.

[197] "J" channel blocks: the term used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation is defined in ABNT NBR 6136 and is supplemented from paragraph-[424] -. Furthermore, the term "J" channel block is any block that is included in the family of hollow blocks, defined in paragraph-[190] -.

[198] "Ur" channel blocks: the term used here and/or in any other relevant documentation, is defined from paragraph-[424] -. Furthermore, the term "Ur" channel block is any block that is included in the family of hollow blocks, defined in paragraph-[190] -.

[199] "Uv" channel blocks: the term used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation, is defined from paragraph-[491] -. Furthermore, the term "Uv" channel block is any block that is included in the family of hollow blocks, defined in paragraph-[190] -.

[200] O-ring blocks, including full square, compensating square, full rectangular, compensating rectangular, full round, compensating round, full circular-oblong and compensating circular-oblong: terms used here and/or elsewhere relevant documentation, are defined from paragraph-[506] -. Furthermore, the term "O" ring block is any block that is included in the family of hollow blocks, defined in paragraph-[190] -.

[201] Integer: the term used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation, defines an entire unit of the dominant block used in that type of blocks, encompassing solid-type entire block, hollow-type entire block, channel-type entire block, type-full block square "O" ring, etc.

[202] Fractional: the term used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation, defines a fraction of the entire unit length of the most common block used in that type of block. The fraction is associated with the corresponding linear tie type. The most common type occurs in lashing where two consecutive layers of blocks have a displacement equivalent to half a whole block, in which case the length of the fraction must be half a whole block.

[203] Compensator: the term used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation, defines some block lengths to compensate for the linear filling of the wall that, for some reason, escaped the rule of lengths derived from the integer or fractional blocks defined above, covering door and window span compensating blocks, etc. The dimensions of the compensating blocks applied to the blocks that respect the modular dimension "m" equal to 100 mm have the standardized modular dimensions of 100 and 50 mm, identified by the letters "A" and "B", respectively.

[204] "L" lashing: the term used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation, refers to the assembly of blocks in the corner wall abutments, configuring an "L", by the lashing system of blocks with dimensions and /or special formats and is defined from paragraph-[424] -. Furthermore, the term "L" lashing block is any block that is included in the family of hollow blocks, defined in paragraph-[190] -.

[205] "T" lashing: the term used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation, refers to the assembly of blocks in the abutments of walls configuring a "T", by the lashing system of blocks with dimensions and/or shapes and is defined from paragraph-[424] -. Furthermore, the term "T" lashing block is any block that is included in the family of hollow blocks, defined in paragraph-[190] -.

[206] "X" lashing: the term used here and/or in any other relevant documentation, refers to the assembly of blocks at wall intersections configuring an "X", by the lashing system of blocks with dimensions and/or shapes and is defined from paragraph-[424] -. Furthermore, the term "x" lashing block is any block that is included in the family of hollow blocks, defined in paragraph-[190] -.

[207] "I" mooring: the term used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation, refers to the assembly of blocks in the abutments of walls configuring an "I", by the tying system of blocks with dimensions and/or shapes specials. The "I" lashing is a particular case of the "T" lashing, where at the top of the "T" the two ends are removed, without, however, removing the central part. This type of lashing occurs, for example, on the wall between two adjacent doors, etc. and is defined from paragraph-[424] -. Furthermore, the term "I" lashing block is any block that is included in the family of hollow blocks, defined in paragraph-[190] -.

[208] "V" mooring: the term used here and/or in any other relevant documentation, refers to the assembly of blocks in the corner wall abutments, configuring a "V", by the tying system of blocks with dimensions and /or special formats, and is defined from paragraph-[439] to paragraph-[446] -. Furthermore, the term "V" lashing block is any block that is included in the family of hollow blocks, defined in paragraph-[190] -.

[209] Pre-assembled/dry pre-assembled: Terms used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation are found from paragraph-[565] -, Step 1A through Step 1L

[210] External faces: the term used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation, is detailed from paragraph-[246] to paragraph-[258] -

[211] External faces with means to be batch adhered: the term used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation, is detailed from paragraph-[244] to paragraph-[554] -.

[212] Channels (121 to 158): the term used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation is found in paragraph-[246] to paragraph-[554] -.

[213] Dimensional and geometric tolerances with means to guarantee the operation of dry pre-assembly and injection of the adhering material: the term used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation, is found from paragraph-[524] to paragraph -[554] -.

[214] Joint of faces prepared to be joined in batch (107) or abbreviated Adhesion joint (107): the terms used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation, are detailed from paragraph-[246] to paragraph- [554] -, and simplified from paragraph-[259] to paragraph-[273] -.

[215] Free adhesion joints (107), also abbreviated free joints: the term used here and/or in any other relevant documentation comprises adhesion joints defined in paragraph-[214] -, characterized in that they comprise adhesion joints free in the dry pre-assembly of the blocks, that is, without using elements with means specially designed to stabilize their position during the dry pre-assembly, either by fitting projections or recessed inserts, or by introducing a material with or without reinforcements in small channels formed in the elements or in grooves between these elements, whether by other systems; in other words, blocks that are pre-assembled only by overlapping and juxtaposing free adhesion joints, with complete freedom to adjust the block in any direction tangential to the adhesion joints, so that the wall is locked only by the arrangement of the blocks by the lashing system between them and by the weight of the blocks.

[216] Juxtaposed: Which is placed next to or next to, according to Dicio's dictionary.

[217] Superimposed or superimposed: Placed on top of, according to the Dicio dictionary.

[218] "F/2" Tolerance: Terms used here and/or in any other relevant documentation are detailed from paragraph-[529] to paragraph-[550] -.

[219] Adhered: the terms used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation, comprise the adhesion effect caused by the "adherent material".

[220] Adhesive material (106): the term used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation, comprises any type of adhesive material that can be used to adhere/glue blocks together, or a block and another surface to be adhered by said block, including materials sold as "mortars", "glues", "ready-made glues", grout, etc.

[221] Embedded in adhesion joints: the term used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation, refers to the material injected into the adhesion joints being recessed, not exposed, not exposed, as in the joints of laid walls by the traditional process. The injected material is embedded because the adhesion joints comprise maximum gaps equal to "F" and closed channels in relation to the exposed faces of the wall.

[222] Nominal dimensions equal to modular dimensions: the term used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation, is found from paragraph-[524] to paragraph-[528] -.

[223] Blocks with final finishing of the wall to be assembled: the term used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation, is found from paragraph-[555] to paragraph-[557] -.

[224] Ready-to-assemble blocks: the term used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation, comprises the concept of anticipating the rework of the work in the factory, expanding the family of blocks to complete the menu of needs of the work, with blocks fully ready to assemble with a perfect fit, without having to remove or add material, with precise geometric shapes that must guarantee plumb, square and alignment by simple overlap and juxtaposition, providing all the necessary cuts and/or other solutions for the passage of reinforcement, pipes, conduits, etc.

[225] Material: referring to the material of blocks or bricks, the term used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation, is found from paragraph-[558] to paragraph-[560] -.

[226] Adhesion of blocks: the term used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation, refers to the action or effect of adhering blocks to each other, equivalent to the result of adhesion by laying with mortar, referring only to the adhesion itself .

[227] Injection, injection of adhering material only into adhesion joints: terms used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation are found from paragraph-[572] to paragraph-[578] -.

[228] Exposed corners: the term used here and/or in any other relevant documentation, refers to the corners of the blocks that are exposed after assembly, covering the corners in the door or window openings, in the free spaces, in the external corners. corners of walls, etc.

[229] Product Assembly Process: The term used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation is found from paragraph-[564] to paragraph-[571] -.

[230] Provisions: The term used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation is found in paragraph-[584] to paragraph-[593] -.

[231] Process for manufacturing the product: the term used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation is found in paragraph-[594] to paragraph-[599] -.

[232] Channel mounted: the term used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation, is found from paragraph-[282] to paragraph-[287] -.

[233] Product manufacturing process: term used here and/or in any other pertinent documentation, found in paragraph-[594] to paragraph-[599] -.

FIGURES

[234] The drawings were prepared based on ABNT technical standards, with orthographic projection in the 1st dihedral.

[235] The product drawings, that is, the blocks, identified by the reference signs "SR" (1... to 64...) in Tables 01, 02, 03 and 04 and also by the reference signs "SR " (V1... to V17...) in the alternative variants, one block (1... to 64... and V1... to V17...) per sheet, in the 3 conventional views, or i.e. front view, left side view and top view, identified in the Figures by the suffixes "a", "b" and "c" respectively, such as "FIG. 006a", in addition, two views in isometric perspective were included, one, left side above and the other, right side below, identified in the Figures by the suffixes "d" and "e" respectively, indicated here, in order to avoid this type of indication drawing by drawing.

[236] The rest of the drawings, being in the great majority drawings of set, were elaborated in sufficient views for the understanding. Some views of the "X-ray" type were also included, in order to add other forms of visualization, since all the channels are embedded in the mounted wall, however, it is known that these types of views present diffuse images and, if desired, must be ignored by the examiner, indicated here that they are additional views and not main or complementary views, and also indicated here to avoid drawing by drawing indication.

[237] The orientation reference of the blocks in relation to the floor was through their reference sign "SR" which was "drawn" on the block itself, greater than other reference signs, in the standing direction in relation to the floor where the wall will be mounted, and also underlined, so as not to confuse the number "6" with the number "9", if the block is mounted upside down. This feature will make it much easier to understand and avoid confusion and many explanations.

[238] In relation to the previous paragraph, there are exceptions for blocks (2v), (13) and (14) that can be mounted in more than one position, however, the description of the blocks according to the spatial references must be according to the sign of reference indicated in the drawing, that is, considering that the referred drawing was drawn standing.
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. 001 Concept - Blocks to be joined in batches
Fig. 002 Joints with channels for injection of adherent material
Fig. 003 Channels - Terminology
Fig. 004 Block tolerances
Fig. 005 Block height tolerances
Fig. 006 Solid block Variant 1 (V1) - "L" channels on "I+T" faces
Fig. 007 Solid block Variant 2 (V2) - "L" channels on "I+T+T" faces
Fig. 008 Solid block Variant 3 (V3) - "L" channels on "I+T+T+S" faces
Fig. 009 Solid block Variant 4 (V4) - "L+T" channels on "I+T" faces
Fig. 010 Solid block Variant 5 (V5) - "L+T" channels on "I+T+T" faces
Fig. 011 Solid block Variant 6 (V6) - "L+T" channels on "I+T+T+S" faces
Fig. 012 Solid block (V1b) with channel for the nozzle of the injection device
Fig. 013 Solid block (V2c) with shear channels
Fig. 014 Linear mooring of blocks (V1)
Fig. 015 Linear mooring of blocks (V2)
Fig. 016 Linear mooring of blocks (V3)
Fig. 017 Linear mooring of blocks (V4)
Fig. 018 Linear mooring of blocks (V5)
Fig. 019 Linear mooring of blocks (V6)
Fig. 020 Linear mooring of blocks (V1b)
Fig. 021 Linear mooring of blocks (V2c)
Fig. 022 Integer massive block BxHxL (1)
Fig. 023 Integer massive block, terminal, BxHxL (1f)
Fig. 024 Massive half block, BxHxL2 (2)
Fig. 025 Terminal massive half block, BxHxL2 (2f)
Fig. 026 Solid vertical terminal block half, BxHxL2 (2v)
Fig. 027 Fractionated massive block, BxHxL3 (3)
Fig. 028 Terminal fractional massive block, BxHxL3 (3f)
Fig. 029 Fractionated massive block, BxHxL4 (4)
Fig. 030 Terminal fractionated massive block, BxHxL4 (4f)
Fig. 031 Compensating massive block, BxHxL5 (5)
Fig. 032 Massive terminal compensator block BxHxL5 (5f)
Fig. 033 Massive block vertical terminal compensator, BxHxL5 (5v)
Fig. 034 Compensating massive block, BxHxL6 (6)
Fig. 035 Terminal compensating massive block, BxHxL6 (6f)
Fig. 036 Vertical terminal compensator massive block, BxH/2xL7 (7)
Fig. 037 Solid block vertical terminal compensator, BxH/2xL8 (8)
Fig. 038 Building with solid block - Front isometric
Fig. 039 Building with solid block - Rear isometric
Fig. 040 Building with solid block - Front view
Fig. 041 Building with solid block - Rear view
Fig. 042 Building with solid block - Plan
Fig. 043 Building with solid block - Front isometric in X-ray
Fig. 044 Building with solid block - Rear isometric in X-ray
Fig. 045 Wall of hollow blocks - NBR 6136
Fig. 046 Wall of hollow blocks - Invention
Fig. 047 Channels in the walls of hollow blocks
Fig. 048 Hollow block variant 11 (V11) - "L+T" channels on "I+T" faces
Fig. 049 Hollow block variant 11b (V11b) - "L+T" channels on "I+T" faces
Fig. 050 Hollow block variant 11c (V11c) - "L+T" channels on "I+T" faces
Fig. 051 Hollow block variant 12 (V12) - "L+T" channels on "I+T+T" faces
Fig. 052 Hollow block variant 12d (V12d) - "L+T" channels on "I+T+T" faces
Fig. 053 Hollow block variant 13 (V13) - "L+T" channels on "I+S+T+T" faces
Fig. 054 Hollow block variant 14 (V14) - "L" channels on "I+T+T" faces
Fig. 055 Hollow block variant 15 (V15) - "L+T" channels on "I+T+T" faces
Fig. 056 Hollow block variant 16 (V16) - "L" channels on "I+S+T+T" faces
Fig. 057 Hollow block variant 17 (V17) - "L+T" channels on "I+S+T+T" faces
Fig. 058 Linear mooring of blocks (V11)
Fig. 059 Linear mooring of blocks (V11b)
Fig. 060 Linear mooring of blocks (V11c)
Fig. 061 Linear mooring of blocks (V12)
Fig. 062 Linear mooring of blocks (V12d)
Fig. 063 Linear mooring of blocks (V13)
Fig. 064 Linear binding of blocks (V14)
Fig. 065 Linear mooring of blocks (V15)
Fig. 066 Linear mooring of blocks (V16)
Fig. 067 Linear mooring of blocks (V17)
Fig. 068 Entire block (10)
Fig. 069 Terminal integer block (10f)
Fig. 070 Half block (11)
Fig. 071 Half terminal block (11f)
Fig. 072 Half terminal block with pass-through channel (11p)
Fig. 073 Compensator block "A" terminal (13)
Fig. 074 Compensator half block "A" terminal (14)
Fig. 075 Compensator block "A" (15A)
Fig. 076 Compensator block "B" (15B)
Fig. 077 Mooring block "I" (16)
Fig. 078 Mooring block "L" (18)
Fig. 079 Mooring block "T" (19)
Fig. 080 Entire "U" channel (20)
Fig. 081 Half "U" channel (21)
Fig. 082 Half "U" channel with slot (21a)
Fig. 083 Terminal half "U" channel (21f)
Fig. 084 Channel "U" compensator "A" (25A)
Fig. 085 Channel "U" compensator "B" (25B)
Fig. 086 Channel "U" of mooring "X" (27)
Fig. 087 "U" channel of right "L" mooring (28d)
Fig. 088 "U" channel with left "L" mooring (28e)
Fig. 089 Channel "U" of mooring "T" (29)
Fig. 090 "U" channel with terminal "T" mooring (29f)
Fig. 091 Entire "J" channel (30)
Fig. 092 Half channel "J" (31)
Fig. 093 Half "J" groove (31a)
Fig. 094 Channel "J" compensator "A" (35A)
Fig. 095 Channel "J" compensator "B" (35B)
Fig. 096 Right "L" mooring channel "J" (38d)
Fig. 097 "U" channel with left "L" mooring (38e)
Fig. 098 Channel "J" of mooring "T" (39)
Fig. 099 Entire "Ur" channel (40)
Fig. 100 Half channel "Ur" (41)
Fig. 101 Half "Ur" groove with tear (41a)
Fig. 102 Channel "Ur" compensator "A" (45A)
Fig. 103 Channel "Ur" compensator "B" (45B)
Fig. 104 "Ur" channel of right "L" mooring (48d)
Fig. 105 Left "L" mooring "Ur" channel (48e)
Fig. 106 "Ur" channel of "T" mooring (49)
Fig. 107 Channel "Ur" of mooring "X" (49x)
Fig. 108 Building with hollow block - Front isometric
Fig. 109 Building with hollow block - Rear isometric
Fig. 110 Building with hollow block - Front view
Fig. 111 Building with hollow block - Left side view
Fig. 112 Building with hollow block - Plan
Fig. 113 Building with hollow block - View from below
Fig. 114 Building with hollow block - Front isometric in X-ray
Fig. 115 Building with hollow block - X-ray rear isometric
Fig. 116 entire "UV" channel (50)
Fig. 117 Full "Uv" channel with tear (50a)
Fig. 118 Channel "Uv" compensator "A" (55A)
Fig. 119 Channel "Uv" compensator "B" (55B)
Fig. 120 channel "Uv" of mooring "I" (56)
Fig. 121 "X" mooring "Uv" channel (57)
Fig. 122 Linear mounting of "Uv" channels on beams
Fig. 123 Mooring "X" of blocks (57)
Fig. 124 Mooring "I" of the block (56)
Fig. 125 Whole square "O" block (61)
Fig. 126 Block "O" square terminal compensator (61f)
Fig. 127 Integer rectangular "O" block (62)
Fig. 128 Block "O" rectangular terminal compensator (62f)
Fig. 129 Whole round "O" block (63)
Fig. 130 Block "O" round terminal compensator (63f)
Fig. 131 Integer circular-oblong "O" block (64)
Fig. 132 Block "O" circular-oblong terminal compensator (64f)
Fig. 133 Assembling square "O" blocks in columns
Fig. 134 Assembling rectangular "O" blocks into columns
Fig. 135 Assembling round "O" blocks in columns
Fig. 136 Assembling circular-oblong "O" blocks in columns
Fig. 137 Mooring block "V" right (12d)
Fig. 138 Mooring block "V" left (12e)
Fig. 139 "V" mooring of blocks (12d) and (12e)
Fig. 140 Plug (71)
Fig. 141 Half-plug (72)
Fig. 142 Elastic pin (73)

REFERENCE SIGNS "SR"

[239] The "SR" reference signals have been defined as follows:
• For blocks defined as constructive variants, the reference signals were defined by the letter "V", followed by a number and an optional letter, for example (V1b);
• For blocks of block families, the reference signals were defined by a number from 1 to 64, and an optional letter, for example (1f), and are listed in Tables 01, 02, 03 and 04 below;
• For devices, the reference signals were defined by a number from 71 to 73, for example (71);
• For the section profile of the full and half-channels, the reference signals were defined by (A1, B1, C1) and (A2, B2, C2) respectively, as shown in Fig. 003; see also the note to paragraph-[284] ;
• For the section profile of the mounted channels, the reference signals were set from 171 to 185, as shown in Fig. 003;
• For the rest, being mostly drawing details, the reference signs were defined by a number ≥ 101 and an optional letter, eg (121a).
"SR" ratio, with the exception of those indicated in tables 01, 02, 03 and 04:
• solid block variant 1 (V1)
• solid block variant 2 (V2)
• solid block variant 3 (V3)
• solid block variant 4 (V4)
• solid block variant 5 (V5)
• solid block variant 6 (V6)
• solid block variant 1b (V1b)
• solid block variant 2c (V2c)
• hollow block variant 11 (V11)
• variant 11b (V11b) hollow block
• hollow block variant 11c (V11c)
• hollow block variant 12 (V12)
• 12d variant hollow block (V12d)
• hollow block variant 13 (V13)
• hollow block variant 14 (V14)
• hollow block variant 15 (V15)
• hollow block variant 16 (V16)
• hollow block variant 17 (V17)
• plug (71)
• half-plug (72)
• elastic pin (73)
• illustrative block (101) with channels for injection of adherent material
• illustrative channels (102) for injection of adherent material
• arrow indicating flow (103) of the injected adherent material
• device or machine (104) for injecting adherent material
• floor (105)
• adherent material (106)
• adhesion joint (107)
• bottom face, or "I" face (112)
• top face or "S" face (113)
• longitudinal face or "L" face (114)
• cross face or "T" face (115)
• two chamfers "E1"x"E1" (116) on the thickened cross face
• face of the "L" type joint of the grooves (117)
• two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) each located on each longitudinal edge of the underside
• a hollow horizontal longitudinal channel (121a) located on only one of the longitudinal edges of the underside
• two semi-hollowed horizontal longitudinal channels (122) each being located on each longitudinal edge of the underside
• a semi-hollow horizontal longitudinal channel (122a) located on one of the longitudinal edges of the underside
• an uncut horizontal longitudinal channel of a length equivalent to the width of the block (124) located on the longitudinal terminal edge of the underside
• two semi-hollowed horizontal transverse channels (127a) away from the transverse faces located on the lower face
• two semi-hollowed horizontal transverse channels (127b) each located at each transverse terminal edge of the underside
• a semi-hollowed horizontal transverse channel (127c) located at the transverse terminal edge of the underside
• an uncut horizontal transverse channel (128) located on the terminal edge of the underside
• an uncut horizontal transverse channel (129) away from the transverse faces located on the underside
• two unhollowed horizontal transverse half-channels (130) each located at each transverse corner of the underside
• an uncut horizontal transverse half-channel (130a) located at the transverse corner of the underside
• two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (131) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the upper face
• two semi-hollowed horizontal longitudinal channels (122) each being located on each longitudinal edge of the upper face
• an uncut horizontal transverse channel (138) located on the terminal edge of the top face
• an uncut horizontal transverse channel (139) away from the transverse faces located from the top face
• two unhollowed horizontal transverse half-channels (140) each located at each transverse corner of the upper face
• two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each located on each vertical edge of the transverse face
• two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (142) each located in each chamfered wall of the thickened transverse face
• two semi-hollow vertical longitudinal channels (143) each being located on each vertical edge of the transverse face
• an uncut horizontal transverse channel (144) located at the terminal edge of the transverse face
• two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (151) each located on each vertical edge of the Longitudinal face
• two vertical hollow channels (152) each located on each vertical wall of the face of the "L" joint of the channels
• a closed horizontal channel (153) located in the outer wall thickness of the block, on the underside
• a closed horizontal channel (154) located in the outer wall thickness of the block, on the top face
• vertical channels for the nozzle of the injection device (155)
• two diagonally opposite horizontal channels for the nozzle of the injection device (157) located on the symmetry line of the lower face
• two diagonally opposite horizontal channels for the nozzle of the injection device (158) located on the symmetry line of the upper face
• shear channels (161)
• mounted channels (171 to 185)

TABLES

[240] The tables referring to the invention were numbered with two digits, from 01 to 06 so as not to confuse them with the tables mentioned in the ABNT standards, that is, for example, Table 1 of the ABNT standard is differentiated from Table 01 of the invention .

TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION PRODUCT

[241] Fig. 001 represents an initial and simplified illustration of the blocks to be joined in batches, where illustrative blocks (101) of the entire type were pre-assembled in the traditional system of linear mooring, however, dry, without mortar, forming a portion of the wall, or i.e. a batch of blocks. After pre-assembly, control and adjustment of the blocks, the adherent material must be injected into the batch only in the adhesion joints through the vertical channels (102), as indicated by the flow arrow (103), and the channels (102 ) interconnected must be filled until the adherent material comes out through the vertical channels (102) plugged by plugs with calibrated holes, in order to adhere/glue/join the entire wall.

[242] The product comprises a group of blocks to be joined in batch to walls, beams and columns, interrelated by being joined in batch by injection of sticky material only in the adhesion joints after dry pre-assembly with the joints free grips and optionally with locked grip joints.

[243] The characterizing design of the group of blocks to be batch bonded comprises external faces with means to be batch bonded after dry pre-assembly.

• o Faces com canais compreendendo as seguintes regras características:  Regras 1... a 9...;
• o Blocos variantes (V1... a V17...); o Blocos (1... a 64...);
• o Demais definições apresentadas, a grande maioria do parágrafo-[246] ao parágrafo-[554] -.

• Tolerâncias dimensionais e geométricas definidas de modo a garantir o funcionamento da pré-montagem à seco do grupo de blocos para serem aderidos em lote, assim como o funcionamento do processo de injeção do material aderente, conforme:

• o Definições apresentadas do parágrafo-[524] ao parágrafo-[554] -.

[244] The means for the external faces to be batch bonded after dry pre-assembly comprise:
• Adhesion joints (107) comprising:

• o Faces with channels comprising the following characteristic rules:  Rules 1... to 9...;
• o Variant blocks (V1... to V17...); o Blocks (1... to 64...);
• o Other definitions presented, the vast majority from paragraph-[246] to paragraph-[554] -.

• Dimensional and geometric tolerances defined in order to guarantee the operation of the dry pre-assembly of the group of blocks to be adhered in batch, as well as the operation of the process of injection of the adherent material, according to:

• o Definitions presented from paragraph-[524] to paragraph-[554] -.

[245] The material type of the product is found in paragraph-[558] to paragraph-[560] -.

External faces - Terminology

[246] Before talking about the channels for injection of adherent material and their disposition, it is necessary to identify the "external faces" of the blocks, or simply "faces", since the internal faces will not be adhesion faces.

[247] It can be defined that the blocks have 6 typical faces, which are identified according to two references.

[248] The first reference is the floor, already defined in paragraph-[237] -.

[249] Therefore, taking as a reference the block mounted upright in relation to the floor, the first two faces of the blocks are defined as the upper face, or "S" face, and the lower face, or "I" face. " the latter also called the base or bottom of the block.

[250] When the underside of the block is exposed, that is, without adhering material, as in the case of lintels and counter lintels that occur, for example, in window spans, it is called a smooth bottom and the block, a terminal block. , referring to the vertical direction of the course of blocks, hereinafter referred to simply as "vertical direction", as being an abbreviation of "in any direction of the vertical direction".

[251] The second reference is the wall, where the blocks are mounted.

[252] Therefore, using the wall-mounted block as a reference, the transverse "T" and the Longitudinal "L" faces are defined as those that are transverse or longitudinal to the wall. The same reasoning applies to blocks for beams, using the block mounted on the beam as a reference. In the case of column blocks, these references are neither applicable nor necessary, since the adhesion faces are only the upper and lower ones.

[253] When the transverse face of the block is exposed, that is, without adhering material, as in the case of terminal blocks in the side openings of a door or window, it is called a smooth transverse face, or simply a smooth face, and the block, terminal block, referring to the horizontal direction of the row of blocks, from right to left or vice versa, hereinafter referred to simply as "horizontal direction", as an abbreviation for "in any direction of the horizontal direction".

[254] In summary, where applicable, the typical six faces of blocks are identified as "bottom", "top", "longitudinal" and "transverse", or by the letters "I", "S", "L" and "T". " respectively.

[255] Once the faces are defined, an orientation system must be defined through the coordinates "x", "y", "z" in order to establish a direction orientation, and the "x" direction will refer to the horizontal direction lengthwise, the "y" direction will refer to the transverse horizontal direction and the "z" direction will refer to the vertical direction, relative to the mounted wall.

External faces - hollow blocks

[256] Complementing what was exposed from paragraph-[246] about the faces, for hollow blocks they may not necessarily be faces, but they will be so identified because they will be references to identify the six typical sides of each block. As an example, we can mention the upper face or the transversal face of the "U" channel.

[257] Walls: Walls are referenced all the time, but there are two types of walls, the walls of buildings and the walls of hollow blocks. Normally, in the context of the sentence you can understand which wall you are referring to, however, the walls referring to the blocks will be referenced more carefully.

[258] Complementing what was exposed in paragraph-[252] -, for hollow blocks, the longitudinal and transverse walls of the blocks are also defined, referring to the mounting position on the wall, and the transversal ones can still be external or internal, the latter also called central septum.

Channels for injection of adherent material - concept

[259] Grouting can be defined by filling, with grout, the empty space between two surfaces of compatible materials, which are intended to be grouted together.

[260] Extrapolating this concept to two adjacent blocks that are intended to be joined by injection of adherent material, a channel or channels can be modeled between them to create channels for injection of adherent material that, filled with compatible adherent material, will join the said faces of the blocks to each other.

[261] This set of requirements is the initial idea to create the concept of "joint of faces prepared to be joined".

Joint of faces prepared to be joined in batch, singular and plural

[262] The "joint of faces prepared to be joined in batch", exposed in the previous paragraph, is an example that, in addition to being very simplified, represents only a pair of faces between two blocks. Extending the concept to all pairs of faces of the blocks that are intended to be adhered by injection of adhering material, interacting in various combinations on the walls, the concept of “joint” is extended to “joints”.

[263] In other words, the singular term "joint" represents a pair of faces prepared to be joined in a batch, while the plural term "joints" represents more than one pair of faces prepared to be joined in a batch.

[264] Furthermore, it is meaningless to speak of the joint of a block because the joint is always formed by joining the face of said block with another face not belonging to the same block. Therefore, the term joint or joints refers to a set of assembled, or pre-assembled, blocks.

Abbreviation

[265] The term "Joint of faces prepared to be joined in batch" will be abbreviated as "adhesion joint" or even more abbreviated as "joint", depending on the context.

Adhesion joints - Identification

[266] The faces of the blocks, defined in paragraph-[254] -, can interact in three types of joints, forming the following adhesion pairs:
• Lower/Upper joint, or "I/S"joint;
• Longitudinal/Transversal joint, or "L/T"joint;
• Transverse/Transversal joint, or "T/T" joint.

[267] Fig. 002 illustrates examples of adhesion joints (107), where the letters "I/S", "L/T" and "T/T" indicate the faces of the "Lower/Upper" joint, "Longitudinal/Transversal" joint and "Transversal/Transversal", respectively, characterized by being opposite to each other.

[268] Note as an example that, in the aforementioned Figure, the "I/S" and "L/T" adhesion joints have channels on only one of the faces, while the "T/T" joint has channels on both faces .

[269] Therefore, adhesion joint is a pair formed by two faces opposite each other and prepared to be adhered, comprising, in at least one of them, channels for injection of adherent material. In addition, these channels must be arranged in such a way that they interconnect with the channels of other adjacent adhesion joints, so that the injected adherent material can flow throughout the pre-assembled wall lot.

[270] As examples of tack joint faces, one can cite the adjacent faces between two blocks, between a block and a floor, between a block and a column, etc.

[271] Therefore, the first conclusion is that an adhesion joint need not necessarily be made up of blocks alone.

[272] On the other hand, the adjacent faces between a block and a doorjamb, between a block and a window, between a J-block and a slab, etc., are not considered as adhesion joints because their respective faces will not be joined by the adhering material in the injection process.

[273] The channels for injection of adherent material are inserted only in the adhesion joints because it only makes sense to inject the adherent material in these regions and, also, because of the possibility of molding/demolding small and long channels only on the faces.

Blocks to be joined in batch

[274] Extrapolating the previously exposed concept to a wall portion as schematized in Fig. 001, where all blocks are pre-assembled dry and with their external faces properly prepared with channels for injection of adherent material, the initial concept of "blocks to be adhered in batch" is being created.

Group of blocks to be joined in batch

[275] The "group of blocks to be joined in batch" covers the variants of the entire blocks (V1... to V17...), in addition to the blocks (1... to 64...) derived from the variants of the entire blocks (V2 or V14), detailed below. Furthermore, it also covers all other non-detailed extrapolations that can be derived from the variants of the whole blocks (V1, V1b, V2c, V3, V4, V5, V6, V11, V11b, V11c, V12, V12d, V13, V15 , V16, V17) applying rules 1... to 9... in addition to other information described. In addition, it also covers all other alternatives presented or that can be extrapolated based on this descriptive report, also including any type or format of blocks or bricks for civil construction characterized by comprising external faces with means to be joined in batch after pre-production. dry assembly, by injection of adhering material only in the adhesion joints.

Adhesion joints - Channel section profile

[276] In principle, channels for injection of adhering material shall comply with rule 1 defined in paragraph-[290] -.

[277] Some possible channel profiles could be derived from circular, circular-oblong, rectangular, rectangular with corner radii, trapezoidal, trapezoidal with radii in the pipes, ellipse, etc.

[278] However, the first geometric shape to look for is always the simplest one, aiming for ease in both design and fabrication. It is also common to look for references in existing models, covering the most used format for the flow of substances...

[279] In the case of circular, circular-oblong, ellipse, etc., because the channel runs on the surface, the channel section will have to be half a section of the chosen duct profile, or even a quarter of the section when run in the corners

[280] In principle, the most promising channel profile comprises the shape with half and a quarter of circular section, for simplicity, ease of design, manufacture, demoulding, less accumulation of mechanical stresses, etc., in addition to the shape of half and a quarter of circular-oblong section. These channels are shown in Fig. 003.

[281] The channels for input/output of adherent material, both the vertical channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155) and the horizontal channels (157, 158), may interface with the plugs (71), half-plug (72) and elastic pin (73) defined below.

Adhesion joints - Channel terminology

[282] Channel: entire channel, referring to the cross section, executed on the external face of the block, without considering the pre-assembled block, and which will not be added to another adjacent half-channel. See examples identified by the reference signals (A1), (B1) and (C1) of Fig. 003.

[283] Half-groove: half-groove, referring to the cross section, executed in the upper and/or lower corner of the block's transverse face, without considering the pre-assembled block. See examples identified by the reference signals (A2), (B2) and (C2) of Fig. 003.

[284] Note: When a text refers to type (A) channels, it is understood that it is referring to type (A1) and (A2) channels in a generic way, and so on.

[285] Mounted channel: effective channel obtained after pre-assembling the blocks, which corresponds to the sum of the adhesion joint channels and which will form the duct through which the adherent material must be drained. See examples of mounted channels identified by the reference signals (171 to 185) in Fig. 003.

[286] Regarding the assembled channel including the sum of half-channels, it is interesting to note that, normally, the half-channel will be added to another half-channel of another transversal face of the adjacent block, according to examples identified by the reference signals (172), (175), (178), (181) and (184) of Fig. 003. The exception occurs in the Longitudinal/Transversal type adhesion joints, where the Longitudinal face may not comprise channels, according to examples identified by the numbers (173), (176), (179), (182) and (185) in Fig. 003.

[287] In addition, it is important to note that these half-channels, although located at the corner of the transverse faces with the lower and/or upper faces, belong to the lower and/or upper faces, as they correspond to the channels subject to the vertical compression of the wall mounted

Adhesion joints - General rules

[288] The objective of this invention is not to define neither the shape, nor the dimension nor the quantity of the channels for injection of adherent material in the adhesion joints, but rather to establish viable rules, shapes, dimensions and minimum and optional quantities, so that the manufacturer himself can decide, according to his needs and his know-how, existing or to be developed, the best way to use this invention.

[289] Considering what has been exposed so far, in addition to new definitions, some rules will be defined in order to highlight the points considered most important.

[290] Rule 1 - Section of mounted channels:
• The assembled channels (171 to 185) must respect the minimum and maximum dimensions of thickness of the adhering material defined by the manufacturers, and, preferably, the minimum dimension should be chosen, or the closest to it, for several reasons, including reducing the cost of adhering material and reduce the wall thickness of hollow blocks, with values ≤ 10 mm being preferred.
• Usually, most national grout manufacturers define 10 mm and 50 mm as the minimum and maximum thickness of the grout to be applied, by gravity. The injection process, if applied with pressure, may reduce this minimum thickness of the grout, in addition to the fact that grout may not be the only option of adhering material;
• The channels must comprise the geometric shape that respects the conditions of the manufacturer of the adhering material and fulfill the function required for its operation, with the sections derived from the circular shape (A1, A2) being preferred, including the circular-oblong section (B1, B2, C1, C2);

[291] Rule 2 - Interconnection of channels:
• All channels, from the same wall or the same batch, must be interconnected, from the entry points to the exit points of the injected adherent material, so that the adherent material injected through the various inlet/outlet channels (141, 142 , 143, 151, 152, 155, 157, 158) can theoretically flow through the entire wall;
• At junctions of different walls, such as longitudinal and transverse walls, the channels do not need to be interconnected.

[292] Considerations for rules 3 to 6: In the conventional system, the same block can be used both in the middle and at the end of the wall, however, in this system, each block must be designed according to its function and/or mounting position on the wall. So, when designing the channels, it is necessary to identify which "faces to be adhered", analyzing the interaction of each face of the blocks with the neighboring faces, that's why the concept of adhesion joint was created. Therefore, for each joint described in paragraph-[266] the rules must be defined as to which faces of the pair must comprise channels.

[293] Rule 3 - Adhesion joints in general:
• Each adhesion joint must comprise channels on at least one of the faces of said pair.

[294] Rule 4 - Longitudinal/Transverse Adhesion Joint:
• For this adhesion joint, the transverse face should be preferred to comprise channels, however, both faces may comprise channels.

[295] Rule 5 - Transverse/Transverse Adhesion Joint:
• For this adhesion joint, at least one of the transverse faces must comprise channels, however, both faces may comprise channels.

[296] Rule 6 - Lower/Upper Adhesion Joint:
• For this adhesion joint, the lower face should be preferred to comprise channels, however, both faces may comprise channels.

[297] Considerations for rule 7: Having defined the adhesion joints, you can define the location of the channels on the faces of the joints. It is very important for the channels to seal all exposed wall surfaces, both outside and inside the building, to prevent moisture infiltration, as the blocks can be designed with a final finish, avoiding the need for plastering both internally and externally.

[298] Rule 7 - Edge sealing:
• The channels must seal the external and internal surfaces of the walls of the buildings, very close to the edges of the infiltration faces in the assembled blocks.

[299] Rule 8 - Typical location of channels on the underside:
• Rule 8a: For the family of hollow blocks for walls, considering rules 6 and 7, the channels, if any, must be located on, or close to, the centerlines of the projections of the vertical wall thicknesses of the normal blocks below, considering the pre-assembled walls, and also, in the case of the external transversal walls of the blocks, in the case of the half-walls, the channel must be divided, half for each external transversal wall, according to the example of Detail "Q" of the Fig. 047. Note that, for terminal blocks in the horizontal direction, the terminal transverse wall is of full thickness, and in this case, there must be a full channel instead of half-channel in this wall, as in the example of channel (128) in Fig. 069; Even for blocks that do not have vertical walls at the bottom, as in the case of channels, the channels must be located in the same regions because they will be supported on the walls of the normal blocks below them and, in the case of "U" type channels, the upper face of them should be considered full of concrete and flat, otherwise there is no reason to use the channel shape and, also, to enable the channels of the blocks of the row above them;
• Rule 8b - For blocks located in the middle of the wall, considering rules 6 and 7, the lower face of the block, when applicable, must comprise at least two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the underside; this rule is typical for variant blocks (V1... to V17), for solid blocks (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) and for hollow wall blocks (10, 11, 11p, 15A, 15B, 19, 20, 21, 21a, 25A, 25B, 27, 29, 30, 31, 31a, 35A, 35B, 39, 40, 41, 41a, 45A, 45B, 49, 49x); o Complementing rule 8b, the underside of the block, when applicable, may optionally comprise an unhollowed horizontal transverse channel (129) away from the transverse faces located on the underside and two unhollowed horizontal transverse half-channels (130) each being located on each transversal corner of the lower face, in addition, in the case of solid blocks, other channels on this face, both longitudinal and transversal or inclined, may also be executed, in order to increase the area exposed to the injected adherent material or for any other reason, especially if it is necessary or advantageous;
• Rule 8c - For terminal blocks in the horizontal direction, considering rules 6 and 7, the lower face of the block, when applicable, must comprise at least two semi-hollowed horizontal longitudinal channels (122) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face interconnected by a horizontal transverse channel not pierced (128) located on the terminal edge of the lower face, in order to perform the sealing of this edge in addition to interrupting the leakage of the longitudinal channels; this rule is typical for terminal blocks in the horizontal direction, including solid blocks (1f, 2f, 3f, 4f, 5f) and hollow wall blocks (10f, 11f, 18);
• Rule 8d - For blocks for mooring "L", considering rules 6 and 7, the lower face of the block, when applicable, must comprise at least one hollow horizontal longitudinal channel (121a) located on only one of the longitudinal edges of the face bottom, a half-hollowed horizontal longitudinal channel (122a) located at one of the longitudinal edges of the bottom face, a semi-hollowed horizontal transverse channel (127c) located at the transverse terminal edge of the lower face; this rule is typical for blocks for "L" mooring, including blocks (28d, 28e, 38d, 38e, 48d, 48e);
• Rules 8a, 8b, 8c and 8d also apply to the upper faces, when applicable, and the reference signals of the channels (121, 122, 128, 129, 130) must be replaced by (131, 132, 138, 139, 140) respectively, and hollow wall blocks (13, 14) must be included in the list of blocks with channels (131), in addition, the phrase "from the projections of the vertical wall thicknesses of the normal blocks below" must be replaced by the phrase "from the projections of the vertical wall thicknesses of the tenth normal blocks". Optionally, shear channels (161) may be inserted on this face;
• Rule 8e - For column blocks, considering rules 6 and 7, the lower face of the block must comprise at least one closed horizontal channel (153) located in the thickness of the external wall of the block, on the lower face, in addition to two channels diagonally opposed horizontals to the nozzle of the injection device (157) located in the symmetry line of the lower face; this rule is typical for blocks for columns, including blocks (61, 61f, 62, 62f, 63, 63f);
• Rule 8e also applies to the top faces, when applicable, and the channel reference signals (153, 157) must be substituted for (154, 158) respectively.

[300] Rule 9 - Typical location of channels on the transverse face:
• Rule 9a: For the family of hollow blocks for walls and beams, considering rules 5 and 7, the reasoning is similar to that of rule 8a, that is, the channels must be located on or close to the center lines of the projections thicknesses of the vertical longitudinal walls of the adjacent normal blocks, considering the pre-assembled wall or beam. This decision, in addition to complying with rule 7, will allow, in the case of gutters, the channels to be located in the center, or close to it, of the thickness of the vertical transverse walls of the blocks. In the case of channels on the transverse faces with dimensions different from the channels of the Lower faces, there are two options, either aligning them with the centerline of the channels or by the outermost edge of the channels, seen from plan, favoring rule 7, as shown in the example of the channels (121) and (141) of Fig. 052. In the case of "U" channel-type blocks with smooth bottom, as shown in Fig. 083, or "Uv" channels, as shown in Fig. 116, due to the lack of transverse half-channels on the lower faces, a horizontal channel (144) must be added on or near the center line of the bottom wall, as shown in Fig. 083. In general, for hollow blocks, the channels will always be located on the projections of the walls of the blocks;
• Rule 9b - For blocks located in the middle of the wall, considering rules 5 and 7, the transverse face of the block, when applicable, must comprise at least two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) being each located on each vertical edge of the cross face; this rule is typical for variant blocks (V1... to V17), solid blocks (1, 1f, 2, 2f, 3, 3f, 4, 4f, 5, 5f, 6, 6f) and hollow blocks for wall (10, 10f, 11, 11f, 11p, 15A, 15B, 18, 19, 20, 21, 21a, 25A, 25B, 27, 28d, 28e, 29, 30, 31, 31a, 35A, 35B, 38d, 38e, 39, 40, 41, 41a, 45A, 45B, 48d, 48e, 49, 49x);
• Rule 9c - For terminal blocks in the vertical direction, considering rules 5 and 7, the transverse face of the block, when applicable, must comprise at least two semi-hollowed vertical longitudinal channels (143) being each located on each vertical edge of the transverse face interconnected by a non-hollowed horizontal transverse channel (144) located at the terminal edge of the transverse face, in order to perform the sealing of this edge in addition to interrupting the leakage of the vertical channels; this rule is typical for solid blocks (2v, 5v, 7, 8), for hollow wall blocks (13, 14, 21f, 29f) and for beam blocks (50, 50a, 55A, 55B, 57) ;
• Complementing rules 9b and 9c, the transverse face of the block, when applicable, may optionally comprise the vertical channels for the nozzle of the injection device (155), in addition, in the case of solid blocks, other channels on this face, both vertical, horizontal or inclined can also be executed, aiming to increase the area exposed to the injected adherent material or for any other reason, mainly if it is necessary or advantageous.

MASSIVE BLOCKS

[301] The present invention is applicable to any type of block or brick, of any type of material that can be adhered with adhering material used for the adhesion between them and, which comprises the form derived from a solid straight parallelepiped, covering the blocks of cellular concrete, bricks, etc.

Channels - modeling in massive blocks

[302] Some combinations of channel arrangement for injection of adherent material were modeled on the solid blocks, integer type, shown below in variants numbered 1... to 6..., with reference signals "SR" identified by (V1 ...to V6...), respectively.

[303] The cross-sectional shape of the channel used in the models is identified by the type (A) reference signal in Fig. 003, however, types (B) or (C) may also be used, when applicable.

[304] Channels in the Longitudinal direction will be referenced by "L" while Channels in the Longitudinal + Transverse direction will be referenced by "L+T".

[305] Variants 1 to 3 are characterized by the sealing rule, that is, by injecting adhering material on the edges of the longitudinal faces "L" of the blocks, around the entire contour.

[306] Variants 4 to 6 are characterized by the addition of channels in the transverse direction of the blocks of variants 1 to 3.

Variant block 1 (V1) - "L" channels on "I+T" faces

[307] Represented in Fig. 006, the block (V1) comprises the form of an entire solid block, characterized in that it comprises two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) each being located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located on each vertical edge of the transverse face on one of the transverse faces, the channels being of type (A) in Fig. 003.

[308] Block (V1) comprises the minimum number of channels for the invention to work.

[309] Fig. 014 shows the linear mooring of said block.

Variant block 2 (V2) - "L" channels on "I+T+T" faces

[310] Represented in Fig. 007, the block (V2) comprises the form of an entire solid block, characterized in that it comprises two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) each being located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located on each vertical edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, the channels being of type (A) in Fig. 003.

[311] Fig. 015 shows the linear mooring of said block.

Variant block 3 (V3) - "L" channels on "I+T+T+S" faces

[312] Represented in Fig. 008, the block (V3) comprises the form of an entire solid block, characterized in that it comprises two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) each being located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face, two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (131) each being located on each longitudinal edge of the top face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located on each vertical edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, the channels of the type (A) of Fig. 003.

[313] Fig. 016 shows the linear mooring of said block.

Variant block 4 (V4) - "L+T" channels on "I+T" faces

[314] Represented in Fig. 009, the block (V4) comprises the form of an entire solid block, characterized in that it comprises two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) being each located at each longitudinal edge of the lower face interconnected by an unhollowed horizontal transverse channel (129) away from the transverse faces located on the underside and by two uncut horizontal transverse half-channels (130) each being located on each transverse corner of the underside face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located on each vertical edge of the face transverse on one of the transverse faces, with channels of type (A) in Fig. 003.

[315] Fig. 017 shows the linear mooring of said block.

Variant block 5 (V5) - "L+T" channels on "I+T+T" faces

[316] Represented in Fig. 010, the block (V5) comprises the form of an entire solid block, characterized in that it comprises two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) each being located at each longitudinal edge of the lower face interconnected by an unhollowed horizontal transverse channel (129) away from the transverse faces located on the bottom face and by two unhollowed horizontal transverse half-channels (130) each being located on each transverse corner of the lower face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located on each vertical edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, with channels of type (A) in Fig. 003.

[317] Fig. 018 shows the linear mooring of said block.

Variant block 6 (V6) - "L+T" channels on "I+T+T+S" faces

[318] Coincidental transverse grooves in the "I/S" tack joints are possible when the linear tie offset is sub-multiple of the length, otherwise the grooves on the lower faces do not coincide with the grooves on the upper faces.

[319] To exemplify this configuration, a block was adopted that allows this arrangement, that is:
Formula 001: L=2B.

[320] Represented in Fig. 011, the block (V6) comprises the form of an entire solid block, characterized in that it comprises two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) each being located at each longitudinal edge of the lower face interconnected by an unhollowed horizontal transverse channel (129) away from the transverse faces located on the underside and by two uncut horizontal transverse half-channels (130) each being located on each transverse corner of the underside face, two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (131) each being located on each longitudinal edge of the upper face interconnected by an uncast horizontal transverse channel (139) away from the transverse faces located on the top face and by two uncut horizontal transverse half-channels (140) each being located at each transverse corner of the top face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels ( 141) each being located on each vertical edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces. rsals, with the channels of type (A) in Fig. 003.

[321] Fig. 019 shows the linear mooring of said block.
"I/S" joint and "T/T" joint with channels on one face only
Advantages and Disadvantages of Variants 1 and 4:
• This combination represents the simplest possible solution, however, as solid blocks are characterized by simplicity, the longitudinal faces will preferably not comprise channels and, therefore, a channel may be missing on the "T" face in "L/" type adhesion joints. T". One way to solve this problem is that the half-blocks can comprise channels on both transverse faces, in order to replace an entire block with two half-blocks. Following this logic, the other split or compensating blocks may also comprise channels on both transverse faces. Other disadvantages are described as advantages in the next item.
"T/T" joint with grooves on both sides
Advantages and Disadvantages of Variants 2 and 5:
• Symmetry on the transverse faces, avoiding assembly errors on the channel side;
• Ease of injection of adherent material, plugging and pinning, as it results in an assembled channel with a round shape;
• Increase in the shear area in the horizontal transverse direction;
• Increased manufacturing and block control complexity.
"I/O" joint with channels on both sides
Advantages and Disadvantages of Variants 3 and 6:
• Vertical symmetry, avoiding assembly errors on the side of the channel, upside down, considered a rare fact, but everything is possible on the job;
• Increase in the shear area in the horizontal transverse direction;
• Increase in block manufacturing and control complexity;
• The channels on the upper face may be uncomfortable when handling the assembly of the blocks and/or make it difficult to introduce the nozzle of the injection device.

Vertical channels for the nozzle of the injection device

[322] One problem, which can be improved, is in relation to vertical inlet/outlet channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152) of adhering material when the blocks, after assembly, form non-round assembled channels, or that is, when one of the faces of the adhesion pair is flat, without channels and, consequently, a discomfort in the nozzle of the injection device, in the plugging and in the assembly of the pins to lock the blocks, presented later.

[323] So, a solution would be to mold shallow round channels in this region, which will be called vertical channels for the nozzle of the injection device (155), to differentiate from the other channels.

[324] These channels may have a depth ≥ Device Nozzle Diameter + 10 mm and a transition to change section.

[325] In the case of blocks with channels fitted with a half circular section, it is clear that the channels for the nozzle of the injection device must have the same diameter and be molded only on the missing side.

Variant block 1b (V1b) - Channels for the nozzle of the injection device

[326] Represented in Fig. 012, the block (V1b) comprises the form of an entire solid block, characterized in that it comprises the same channels as the variant block V1 (V1) with the addition of two vertical channels for the nozzle of the injection device (155) on the transverse face without channels.

[327] Fig. 020 shows the linear mooring of said block.

shear channels

[328] Although variants 3 and 6, Fig. 008 and Fig. 011 respectively, were presented with the option of channels on the upper face of the blocks, this face, in principle, can be defined preferentially as smooth, due to the design simplification, ease of injection of the adhering material and, also, for the upper block to be able to be slid with less “tangle” in the assembly, without disturbing the stability of the previously pre-assembled blocks.

[329] In order to compensate for the lack of channels on the upper faces, another channel arrangement was defined, with a different function, called shear channels, which can have different shapes, preferably the half circular section for the reasons explained above.

[330] It could also be interesting to define these channels smaller than the main ones, dimensioned by the shear effort required, in order to avoid a very thin edge wall leaning on another equally thin one, as occurs in the walls of hollow blocks.

[331] An advantage of these channels, as the name suggests, would be to create a shear area of bonded material in the "x" and "y" directions because, in the design with one of the smooth faces, everything depends on the adhesion of the bonded material. on the smooth face, as in the conventional mortar system, with two smooth faces. See definition of "x", "y", "z" directions in paragraph-[255] -.

[332] It should also be noted that the channels themselves, filled with adherent material, by themselves, already add shear channels.

[333] In addition, to encompass all possibilities, if necessary or advantageous, shear channels, vertical or horizontal, of any shape can be defined, according to the functional need and/or ease of manufacture, throughout the entire range. region covered by the injection channels, on both sides of the adhesion joints, which can be irrigated by the main channels.

Variant Block 2c (V2c) - Shear Channels

[334] Represented in Fig. 013, the block (V2c) comprises the form of an entire solid block, characterized in that it comprises the same channels of the variant block 2 (V2) with the addition of two non-passing longitudinal shear channels (161), each located on each edge lengthwise of the upper face.

[335] Fig. 021 shows the linear mooring of said block.

Massive block family

[336] As explained above, 6 basic alternatives were defined (V1 to V6), also called variants, including 2 more optional variants, for the entire block, also called the dominant block, with each of the alternatives presented being valid options to originate a family of massive blocks, that is, at least 6 family options.

[337] From the presented variants, variant 2 (V2) was chosen to originate a family of solid blocks, presented in Table 01, to solve the basic needs of the construction of walls for a building compatible with the solid block.

[338] The external dimensions of the blocks, designated by BxHxL, correspond to the width, height and length, respectively.

[339] The dimension adopted for the length "L" was any modular dimension, that is, not necessarily a multiple of "B", like 15x30 cm, 15x45 cm, 20x40cm, etc., in order to simulate a generic situation.

[340] The mooring system used was the longitudinal displacement referring to a width "B" of the block, between rows, in order to take advantage of this displaced space to tie the transverse walls, as shown in Fig. 014 to Fig. 018.

[341] In this way, the block lengths result in 6 basic dimensions with their respective reference signs (1 to 6):
• Whole block of length L (1);
• Half block of length L2 (2);
• Offset lashing of length L3 (3);
• Complementary mooring of length L4 (4);
• L5 length compensator (5);
• L6 length compensator (6);

[342] Where: Formula 002: L2 = L/2 Formula 003: L3 = B Formula 004: L4 = L-B Formula 005: L5 = K1 = 100 mm Formula 006: L6 = K2 = 50 mm

[343] Where K1 and K2 are constants for modular length adjustment.

[344] In addition, the need for terminal blocks at the end of the horizontal line mooring, with non-through channels, doubles the value presented in the previous paragraph, with the respective reference signals (1f...6f).

[345] In addition, 2 more types of vertical terminal blocks on the lintels and braces, with reference signals (2v and 5v).

[346] Finally, 2 more types of height compensating blocks with reference signs (7 and 8), for the lintels:
• Vertical Compensator BxH7xL7 (7)
• Vertical Compensator BxH8xL8 (8)

[347] Where:
Formula 007: H7 = H8 = K3 = 100 mm
Formula 008: L7 = L/2
Formula 009: L8 = K4 = 50 mm

[348] Where K3 and K4 are constants for modular adjustment for height and length, respectively.

[349] The modeling of the injection channels in the solid blocks are represented in Fig. 022 to Fig. 037, with reference signals (1... to 8...) respectively, as shown in Table 01.

[350] From these blocks, the construction of a building was simulated as shown in Fig. 038 to Fig. 044, where the following solutions can be identified:
• Modular dimensions;
• Linear mooring with "B"offset;
• Type "L"mooring;
• "T" type mooring;
• Type "X"mooring;
• Verga;
• Counterbending;
• Modular wall length compensators;
• Modular span length compensators;
• Modular span height compensators;
• Terminal blocks in the horizontal direction;
• Terminal blocks in the vertical direction;
• Guaranteed sealing.

Whole massive block (1)

[351] Represented in Fig. 022, the block (1) comprises the form of an entire solid block, characterized in that it comprises two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located on each vertical edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, the channels being of type (A) in Fig. 003.

Terminal integer massive block (1f)

[352] Represented in Fig. 023 the block (1f) comprises the form of an entire solid block, characterized in that it comprises two semi-hollowed horizontal longitudinal channels (122) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face interconnected by an unhollowed horizontal transverse channel (128) located on the edge end face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located at each vertical edge of the transverse face on one of the transverse faces, the channels of type (A) in Fig. 003.

Solid half block (2)

[353] Represented in Fig. 024, the block (2) comprises the form of a solid half block, characterized in that it comprises two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) each being located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located on each vertical edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, the channels being of type (A) in Fig. 003.

Terminal solid half block (2f)

[354] Represented in Fig. 025 the block (2f) comprises the form of a solid half block, characterized in that it comprises two semi-hollowed horizontal longitudinal channels (122) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face interconnected by an unhollowed horizontal transverse channel (128) located on the edge end face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located at each vertical edge of the transverse face on one of the transverse faces, the channels of type (A) in Fig. 003.

Solid vertical terminal half block (2v)

[355] Represented in Fig. 026 the block (2v) comprises the form of a solid half block, characterized in that it comprises two semi-hollowed vertical longitudinal channels (143) being each located on each vertical edge of the transverse face interconnected by an unhollowed horizontal transverse channel (144) located on the edge end of the transverse face on both transverse faces, with channels of type (A) in Fig. 003.

Massive fractional block of length L3 (3)

[356] Represented in Fig. 027, the block (3) comprises the form of a solid fractionated block, characterized in that it comprises two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) each being located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located on each vertical edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, the channels being of type (A) in Fig. 003.

Massive fractional terminal block of length L3 (3f)

[357] Represented in Fig. 028 the block (3f) comprises the form of a solid fractionated block, characterized in that it comprises two semi-hollowed horizontal longitudinal channels (122) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face interconnected by an unhollowed horizontal transverse channel (128) located on the edge end face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located at each vertical edge of the transverse face on one of the transverse faces, the channels of type (A) in Fig. 003.

Massive fractional block of length L4 (4)

[358] Represented in Fig. 029, the block (4) comprises the form of a massive fractionated block, characterized in that it comprises two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) each being located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located on each vertical edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, the channels being of type (A) in Fig. 003.

Massive fractional terminal block of length L4 (4f)

[359] Represented in Fig. 030 the block (4f) comprises the form of a solid fractionated block, characterized in that it comprises two semi-hollowed horizontal longitudinal channels (122) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face interconnected by an unhollowed horizontal transverse channel (128) located on the edge end face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located at each vertical edge of the transverse face on one of the transverse faces, the channels of type (A) in Fig. 003.

Massive compensating block of length L5 (5)

[360] Represented in Fig. 031, the block (5) comprises the form of a massive compensating block, characterized in that it comprises two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) each being located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located on each vertical edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, the channels being of type (A) in Fig. 003.

Massive end-compensating block of length L5 (5f)

[361] Represented in Fig. 032 the block (5f) comprises the form of a massive compensating block, characterized in that it comprises two semi-hollowed horizontal longitudinal channels (122) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face interconnected by an unhollowed horizontal transverse channel (128) located on the terminal edge of the bottom face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located on each vertical edge of the transverse face on one of the transverse faces, the channels of type (A) in Fig. 003.

Massive vertical terminal compensator block of length L5 (5v)

[362] Represented in Fig. 033 the block (5v) comprises the form of a massive compensating block, characterized in that it comprises two semi-hollowed vertical longitudinal channels (143) being each located on each vertical edge of the transverse face interconnected by an unhollowed horizontal transverse channel (144) located on the edge end of the transverse face on both transverse faces, the channels being of type (A) in Fig. 003

Massive compensating block of length L6 (6)

[363] Represented in Fig. 034, the block (6) comprises the form of a massive compensating block, characterized in that it comprises two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located on each vertical edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, the channels being of type (A) in Fig. 003.

Massive end-compensating block of length L6 (6f)

[364] Represented in Fig. 035 the block (6f) comprises the form of a massive compensating block, characterized in that it comprises two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) being each located at each vertical edge of the transverse face interconnected by an unhollowed horizontal transverse half-channel (130a) located on the transverse corner of the lower face on one of the transverse faces, with channels of type (A) in Fig. 003.

Massive vertical compensating block of length L7 (7)

[365] Represented in Fig. 036 the block (7) comprises the form of a massive compensating block, characterized in that it comprises two semi-hollowed vertical longitudinal channels (143) being each located at each vertical edge of the transverse face interconnected by an unhollowed horizontal transverse channel (144) located at the edge end of the transverse face on both transverse faces, the channels being of type (A) in Fig. 003.

Massive vertical compensating block of length L8 (8)

[366] Represented in Fig. 037 the block (8) comprises the form of a massive compensating block, characterized in that it comprises two semi-hollowed vertical longitudinal channels (143) being each located at each vertical edge of the transverse face interconnected by an unhollowed horizontal transverse channel (144) located at the edge end of the transverse face on both transverse faces, the channels being of type (A) in Fig. 003.

LEAKED BLOCKS

[367] The present invention is applicable to any type of block or brick, of any type of material that can be adhered with the adherent material used for the adhesion between them, and that comprises the form derived from a straight hollowed parallelepiped. The term "leaked" refers to any type of void of up to 90% of the total area to give a broader range than that defined in ABNT's NBR 6136 standard, in this regard.

[368] This invention also meets the external modular dimensions of the NBR 6136-2016 and NBR 15873 standards, identified in "Table 1 - Nominal Dimensions", and all nominal measurements must be increased by 10 mm as explained in paragraph-[526 ] and paragraph-[527] -.

[369] This invention also meets the requirements of the NBR 6136, NBR 15270-2 and NBR 15873 standards, within the conditions set forth below

[370] Furthermore, the term hollow block is any block that is included in the family of hollow blocks, defined in paragraph-[190] -.

Walls of hollow blocks - NBR 6136

[371] Before defining the locations, sections and dimensions of the channels, it is necessary to study the thickness of the walls of the blocks that will accommodate these channels.

[372] As a preliminary study to investigate the equivalent transversal thickness of the blocks in the assembled wall, the second entire block of Table 2 of the NBR 6136 standard, class (A), 140 mm width, longitudinal and transversal walls of the blocks of 25 mm, equivalent cross-sectional thickness of 188 mm/m.

[373] Fig. 045 shows the longitudinal and cross sections of the NBR 6136 blocks assembled

[374] It can be noted that, on the transverse walls of the blocks, a 25 mm wall always rests on 2x25 mm or vice versa, and the contact widths, that is, of the mortar, are always 25 mm , which correspond to the minimum wall thicknesses of the blocks. This can be seen in the details "J" and "K" of that figure.

[375] In addition, as there is a joint of nominal thickness of 10 mm of mortar between the walls, the support of the walls on the walls is even smaller, 15 mm nominal, even with a double wall, because in practice this joint is not filled. with 100% accuracy on the transverse faces, especially on the edges, as illustrated in the details "J" and "K" of that figure.

[376] Apparently it gives an impression of wasted wall thickness in the blocks, and a justification could be the fact that, even with high dimensional deviations, a minimum effective wall of 25 mm of overlap would be guaranteed, in addition to the ease of if they have equal walls, etc.

[377] However, it should be remembered that, on the gigantic scale on which civil construction needs to be employed and industrialized around the world, quality difficulties cannot be a justification for not optimizing the product.

[378] In conclusion, although the standard considers an equivalent transverse thickness of 188 mm/m, which corresponds to 3x25 mm / 400 mm = 188 mm / 1000 mm = 188 mm/m, in fact, the thicknesses that actually work supported are 2x25 mm / 400 mm = 50 mm / 400 mm = 125 mm/m.

Walls of hollow blocks - Invention

[379] Fig. 046 shows the longitudinal and transverse sections of the assembled blocks of the invention, with the objective of defining the relationship between the thicknesses of the transverse walls of the blocks.

[380] It can be noted that the invention solves the “waste” of 25 mm walls of blocks supported on 2x25 mm walls and vice versa, remembering that the tightest tolerances, defined from paragraph-[529] - , solve the problem of possible misalignment of the transverse walls. In addition, the nominal 10 mm gap between the transverse faces of the blocks has also been eliminated, optimizing the support areas.

[381] There is also a technical article entitled "Typology of structural ceramic blocks: influence of block geometry on the mechanical behavior of masonry" referenced in paragraph-[131] -, which shows the advantages of the "double central septum" design and, then on NBR 15270-2. Therefore, all this is already very well supported by the state of the art, the only difference being in the elimination of the mortar thickness on the transverse faces, which further optimizes this design.

[382] Generally speaking, when blocks come together to form the building wall, their respective junction walls join and double in thickness, so it makes sense that all the outer transverse walls of the blocks are half as thick. Note that, in the case of channel-type blocks, this fact does not happen.

[383] In summary, the invention proposes that the thicknesses of the external transverse walls of the blocks be half, that is, "E/2", or close to that, of the thickness "E" of the other walls, these said walls of thicknesses "E/2" are called half-wall.

[384] This standardization will allow a uniformity of the size of the width of the channels for injection of adherent material in all the walls of the block, as will be seen later.

Channels - Compression area of hollow blocks

[385] There are at least two alternatives for dimensioning the channel compression area:

[386] Alternative 1: Keep the width of the adhering material the same as the mortar, that is, equal to the wall thickness of the block defined by the standard, and increase the thickness of the walls of the blocks to accommodate the channels. For the standard defined block wall thickness, see paragraph-[372] to paragraph-[374] -.

[387] Alternative 2: Maintain the minimum equivalent thicknesses of the walls of the blocks as defined in the NBR 6136 standard, considering that, in this design, the walls of the blocks without adhering material are 100% supported.

Channels - Compression Area - Alternative 1

[388] This alternative is very conservative as it disregards the contact area without adhering material supporting the block. To visualize this area, see Fig. 047, details "P", "Q" and "R" the thicknesses of the edges of the channel "EB" that correspond to the surfaces without adhering material in the region of the walls of the blocks.

[389] Therefore, to insert the 25 mm wide channels into the walls of the blocks, as shown in Fig. 047, it is necessary to define a greater thickness "E" for the longitudinal and central transverse walls, while the thicknesses of the external transverse walls can be halved "E/2", where "BMA" indicated represents the width of the adherent material that , in this case, it must be at least 25 mm.

[390] In summary, in this example, in order to keep the width of the adherent material equal to the mortar, 25 mm, it is necessary to increase the thickness of the longitudinal and transverse central walls of the blocks, from 25 mm to "E", while the external transversal ones may be reduced to thickness "E/2", respecting the equivalent transversal thickness of 188 mm/m according to Table 2 of the standard, considering the projected area of the adherent material.

Channels - Compression Area - Alternative 2

[391] This alternative is less conservative and perhaps more realistic compared to the uncertainties existing in the traditional mortar process.

[392] To support this alternative, the following considerations follow:
• The tolerances of the blocks, defined from paragraph-[529] - are so tight that they guarantee flat and reliable support surfaces and, therefore, do not depend on the mortar to carry out the support between the walls of the block;
• The system guarantees full and uniform width of the layer of adhering material, very different from the current system which has many flaws as previously exposed in paragraph-[025] -;
• Adhesive material can be specified with better properties, ie strength, expansion, fatigue, elasticity, etc.

[393] Therefore, alternative 2 proposes to reduce the equivalent transverse thickness of the NBR 6136 standard, from 188 mm/m to 125 mm/m, as shown in paragraph-[378] and, in this case, all the walls of the block can have the nominal thickness "E" ≥ 25 mm according to Table 2 of that standard, with the exception of the external transversals, which change from 25 mm to ≥ 12.5 mm.

[394] Therefore, respecting the conditions of the previous paragraph, the thickness of the walls of the blocks must be defined by the minimum widths and/or thicknesses of the channels inserted in these walls, which in turn are limited by the minimum thicknesses of the adherent material defined by the manufacturer. In addition, it may be acceptable that in certain singularities, such as in the Longitudinal/Transversal type adhesion joints, the minimum thickness of adhering material can be reassessed in order to avoid creating new vertical channels on the longitudinal faces, reducing the number of combinations of these. blocks.

Channels - modeling in hollow blocks

[395] Some combinations of layout and different channel profiles for injection of adherent material were modeled in the blocks shown below, in variants numbered 11... to 17..., with reference signals "SR" identified by (V11. .. to V17...), respectively.

[396] The letters identified in Fig. 003 will be used later to identify the channels.

Variant block 11 (V11) - Alternative 1 - "L+T" channels on "I+T" faces

[397] Block (V11) comprises the minimum number of channels to meet alternative 1, summarized in paragraph-[390] -.

[398] Represented in Fig. 048, the block (V11) comprises the form of an "entire hollow block" according to NBR 6136 standard, characterized in that it comprises two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face interconnected by a horizontal transverse channel not hollow (129) away from the transverse faces located on the underside and by two unhollowed horizontal transverse half-channels (130) each being located on each transverse corner of the underside face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located on each edge vertical of the transverse face on one of the transverse faces, with channels of type (A) in Fig. 003.

[399] Fig. 058 shows the linear mooring of said block.

Variant block 11b (V11b) - Alternative 1 - "L+T" channels on "I+T" faces

[400] Represented in Fig. 049, the block (V11b) comprises the form of an "entire hollow block" according to standard NBR 6136, characterized by comprising the same channels as the block (V11) with the addition of two vertical channels for the nozzle of the injection device (155).

[401] Fig. 059 shows the linear mooring of said block.

[402] Represented in Fig. 050, the block (V11c) comprises the form of an "entire hollow block" according to NBR 6136 standard, characterized by comprising the same channels as the block (V11b) with the addition of two non-passing longitudinal shear channels (161), each located on each longitudinal edge of the top face

[403] Fig. 060 shows the linear mooring of said block.

Variant block 12 (V12) - Alternative 1 - "L+T" channels on "I+T+T" faces

[404] Represented in Fig. 051, the block (V12) comprises the form of an "entire hollow block" according to NBR 6136 standard, characterized in that it comprises two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face interconnected by a horizontal transverse channel not hollow (129) away from the transverse faces located on the underside and by two unhollowed horizontal transverse half-channels (130) each being located on each transverse corner of the underside face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located on each edge vertical of the transverse face on both transverse faces, with channels of type (A) in Fig. 003.

[405] Fig. 061 shows the linear mooring of said block.

Variant block 12d (V12d) - Alternative 1 - "L+T" channels on "I+T+T" faces

[406] Note that, in the previous paragraph, the channels mounted on the "T/T" joint had twice the section of the channels mounted on the "I/S" joint.

[407] Therefore, an interesting combination would be to reduce the dimensions of the channels of the "T/T" joint in order to compensate for this inequality and reduce the consumption of the adherent material to be injected, even if the channels on the faces of the blocks have different dimensions. , as shown in the following variant.

[408] Represented in Fig. 052, the block (V12d) comprises the form of an "entire hollow block" according to standard NBR 6136, characterized by comprising the same arrangement of the channels of the block (V12), but with channels type (A) of Fig. 003 with different dimensions, in order to result in a balance of the area of the mounted channels.

[409] Fig. 062 shows the linear mooring of said block.

[410] Note: Another option would be to use type (A) channels on the underside and type (B) channels on the transverse faces.

Variant block 13 (V13) - Alternative 1 - "L+T" channels on "I+S+T+T" faces

[411] Represented in Fig. 053, the block (V13) comprises the form of an "entire hollow block" according to NBR 6136 standard, characterized in that it comprises two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face interconnected by a horizontal transverse channel not hollow (129) away from the transverse faces located on the underside and by two unhollowed horizontal transverse half-channels (130) each being located on each transverse corner of the underside face, two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (131) each being located on each edge of the top face interconnected by an uncut horizontal transverse channel (139) spaced apart from the transverse faces located on the top face and by two uncut horizontal transverse half-channels (140) each being located at each transverse corner of the top face and two channels hollow vertical longitudinal strips (141) each being located at each vertical edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, with channels of type (B) in Fig. 003, plus four additional vertical channels for the nozzle of the injection device (155) optional.

[412] In block (V13) circular-oblong channels were chosen due to the fact that this same arrangement, with channel (A), will be demonstrated in block (V17) below.

[413] Fig. 063 shows the linear mooring of said block.

Variant block (V14) - Alternative 2 - "L" channels on "I+T+T" faces

[414] The block (V14) comprises the minimum number of channels in order to respect the rule of sealing the edges, the symmetry of the transverse faces in order to avoid assembling blocks with inverted vertical channels and the minimum thickness of the adhering material.

[415] The channels on the transverse faces are of type (A) while the lower face must be of type (C) if it is considered that the minimum thickness of the adherent material is 10 mm

[416] Represented in Fig. 054, the block (V14) comprises the form of an "entire hollow block" according to NBR 6136 standard, characterized in that it comprises two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the bottom face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels ( 141) each being located at each vertical edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, being channels of the type (A) of Fig. 003 on the transverse faces and type (C) channels on the underside.

[417] Fig. 064 shows the linear mooring of said block.

Variant block 15 (V15) - Alternative 2 - "L+T" channels on "I+T+T" faces

[418] Represented in Fig. 055, the block (V15) comprises the form of an "entire hollow block" according to standard NBR 6136, characterized in that it comprises two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face interconnected by a horizontal transverse channel not hollow (129) away from the transverse faces located on the underside and by two unhollowed horizontal transverse half-channels (130) each being located on each transverse corner of the underside face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located on each edge vertical of the transverse face on both transverse faces, being channels of type (A) in Fig. 003 on the transverse faces and type (C) channels on the underside.

[419] Fig. 065 shows the linear mooring of said block.

Variant block 16 (V16) - Alternative 2 - "L" channels on "I+S+T+T" faces

[420] Represented in Fig. 056, the block (V16) comprises the form of an "entire hollow block" according to standard NBR 6136, characterized by comprising two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face, two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels ( 131) each being located on each longitudinal edge of the top face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located on each vertical edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, the channels of type (A) in Fig. 003.

[421] Fig. 066 shows the linear mooring of said block.

Variant block 17 - Alternative 2 - "L+T" channels on "I+S+T+T" faces

[422] Represented in Fig. 057, the block (V17) comprises the form of an "entire hollow block" according to NBR 6136 standard, characterized in that it comprises two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face interconnected by a horizontal transverse channel not hollow (129) away from the transverse faces located on the underside and by two unhollowed horizontal transverse half-channels (130) each being located on each transverse corner of the underside face, two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (131) each being located on each edge of the top face interconnected by an uncut horizontal transverse channel (139) spaced apart from the transverse faces located on the top face and by two uncut horizontal transverse half-channels (140) each being located at each transverse corner of the top face and two channels hollow vertical longitudinal strips (141) each being located at each vertical edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, with channels of type (A) in Fig. 003.

[423] Fig. 067 shows the linear mooring of said block.

FAMILY OF LEAKED BLOCKS FOR WALL

[424] As explained above, 7 basic alternatives were defined (V11 to V17), also called variants, including 3 more optional variants, for the entire block, also called the dominant block, with each of the alternatives presented being valid options to originate a family of hollow blocks, that is, at least 7 family options.

[425] Of the variants presented, variant 14 (V14) was chosen to originate a family of hollow blocks, shown in Table 02, to solve the basic needs of building walls for a building compatible with the hollow block.

[426] The reason for choosing variant 14 is that it presents a viable solution for blocks with minimum walls according to the NBR 6136 standard, exposed in paragraph-[393] and the characteristics presented in paragraph-[414] -.

[427] The external dimensions of the blocks, designated by BxHxL correspond to the width, height and length, respectively.

[428] See thickness "E" in paragraph-[393] -.

[429] The dimension adopted for the modeling was 150x200x400 because it is one of the most used commercial options and presents greater difficulty of solutions, because "L" is not a multiple of "B". The other dimensions presented in the NBR 6136 standard can be extrapolated from these models.

[430] The modeling of the channels in the hollow blocks for the wall is represented in Fig. 068 to Fig. 107 and from Fig. 137 to Fig. 138, with reference signs from (10... to 49...), represented in Table 02 below.

[431] Types of blocks identified in Table 02:
• "B": hollow blocks;
• "U": "U" channel type blocks for straps;
• "J": Blocks type "J" channel, mounted on the last row of the external walls of the building, to receive the slab;
• "Ur": Lowered "U" channel-type blocks, mounted on the last row of the building's internal walls, to receive the slab.

[432] From these blocks, with the exception of blocks (12d) and (12e), the construction of a building was simulated as shown in Fig. 108 to Fig. 115, where the following solutions can be identified:
• Modular dimensions;
• Linear mooring;
• Type "L"mooring;
• "T" type mooring;
• Type "I"mooring;
• Type "X"mooring;
• Modular wall length compensators;
• Modular span length compensators;
• Modular span height compensators;
• Terminal blocks in the horizontal direction;
• Terminal blocks in the vertical direction;
• Guaranteed sealing;
• Linear assembly of "U"channels;
• "L" mooring of "U"channels;
• "T" mooring of "U"channels;
• "X" mooring of "U"channels;
• Modular "U" channel compensators;
• Passage of vertical and horizontal reinforcement in "U"channels;
• Verga;
• Counterbending;
• Linear assembly of "J"channels;
• "L" mooring of "J"channels;
• "T" mooring of "J"channels;
• Modular "J" channel compensators;
• Passage of vertical and horizontal reinforcement in "J"channel;
• Linear assembly of "Ur"channels;
• "T" mooring of "Ur"channels;
• "X" mooring of "Ur"channels;
• Modular "Ur" channel compensators;
• Passage of vertical reinforcement in "Ur" grooves.

[433] In relation to blocks (12d) and (12e), a drawing was prepared according to Fig. 139 , where the following solution can be demonstrated:
• "V" mooring in the corners of buildings in the form of regular polygons seen from plan.

Whole block (10)

[434] Represented in Fig. 068, the block (10) comprises the form of a "whole block" according to standard NBR 6136, characterized in that it comprises two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141 ) being each located at each vertical edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, being channels of type (A) of Fig. 003 on the transverse faces and type (C) channels on the bottom face

Terminal integer block (10f)

[435] Represented in Fig. 069, the block (10f) comprises the form of a "whole block" according to standard NBR 6136, with the terminal function of the horizontal row, characterized by comprising two semi-hollowed horizontal longitudinal channels (122) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the face lower face interconnected by an uncut horizontal transverse channel (128) located at the terminal edge of the lower face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located at each vertical edge of the transverse face on one of the transverse faces, being channels of the type ( A) of Fig. 003 on the transverse face and type (C) channels on the underside.

Half block (11)

[436] Represented in Fig. 070, the block (11) comprises the shape of a "half block" according to standard NBR 6136, characterized in that it comprises two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141 ) being each located at each vertical edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, being channels of type (A) of Fig. 003 on the transverse faces and type (C) channels on the underside.

Half terminal block (11f)

[437] Represented in Fig. 071, the block (11f) comprises the shape of a "half block" according to standard NBR 6136, with the terminal function of the horizontal row, characterized by comprising two semi-hollowed horizontal longitudinal channels (122) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the face lower face interconnected by an uncut horizontal transverse channel (128) located at the terminal edge of the lower face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located at each vertical edge of the transverse face on one of the transverse faces, being channels of the type ( A) of Fig. 003 on the transverse face and type (C) channels on the underside.

Half terminal block with through channel (11p)

[438] Represented in Fig. 072, the block (11p) comprises the shape of a "half block" according to standard NBR 6136, with a terminal function of the horizontal row and with a hollow channel, characterized by comprising two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the underside, an uncut horizontal transverse channel (128) located at the terminal edge of the underside face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located on each vertical edge of the cross face on one of the cross faces, being channels of the type (A) of Fig. 003 on the transverse face and type (C) channels on the underside.

"V" mooring blocks

[439] Blocks are usually suitable for rectangular rooms viewed from plan.

[440] For rooms with circular shapes seen from plan, it would be necessary to manufacture a family of blocks for each desired radius dimension, thus making it impossible to find a generic solution.

[441] On the other hand, regular polygon shapes seen from above represent an approximate solution for the case mentioned in the previous paragraph, normally applying the family of conventional blocks in the straight parts and specific blocks for the corners, called mooring blocks. "V", where the letter "V" represents the "beta" angle defined in the formula below, which corresponds to the lagged exterior angle between the two walls

[442] Therefore, the "V" mooring blocks have the function of mooring the corners of the walls of the rooms in the form of regular polygons seen from the plan, the polygons being, preferably, with more than four sides.

[443] Where "n" is the number of sides of each regular polygon, and "alpha" and "beta" are the internal and external angles, respectively, of that polygon, in degrees [°], we have the following formulas:
Formula 010: Alpha = (n - 2) * 180° / n
Formula 011: Beta = 360° / n

[444] An example of a "V" lashing design is shown in Fig. 139.

Mooring block "V" right (12d)

[445] Represented in Fig. 137, the block (12d) comprises the form derived from the merger of a "full block" with a "half block" on the right side, seen from above, said "half block" being offset by an external angle "beta" with respect to to the entire block and its function is to tie the corners of the walls of rooms in the form of regular polygons with an internal angle "alpha", characterized by comprising two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) each located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located at each vertical edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, being channels of the type (A) of Fig. 003 on the transverse faces and type (C) channels on the underside.

Mooring block "V" right (12e)

[446] Represented in Fig. 138, the block (12e) comprises the form derived from the merger of a "whole block" with a "half block" on the left side, seen from above, said "half block" being offset by an external angle "beta" with respect to to the entire block and its function is to tie the corners of the walls of rooms in the form of regular polygons with an internal angle "alpha", characterized by comprising two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) each located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located at each vertical edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, being channels of the type (A) of Fig. 003 on the transverse faces and type (C) channels on the underside.

Compensator block "A" terminal (13)

[447] Represented in Fig. 073, the block (13) comprises the form of a "compensating block A" according to standard NBR 6136, with terminal function of the horizontal and vertical row, characterized by comprising two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (131) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the top face, two semi-hollow vertical longitudinal channels (143) each being located at each vertical edge of the transverse face interconnected by an unhollowed horizontal transverse channel (144) located at the terminal edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, the channels of type (A) in Fig. 003.

Compensator half block "A" terminal (14)

[448] Represented in Fig. 074, the block (14) comprises the form of a "compensating block A" according to NBR 6136, but with the form and function of a terminal half compensator of the horizontal or vertical row, characterized by comprising two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (131) each being located at each longitudinal edge of the top face, two semi-hollow vertical longitudinal channels (143) each being located at each vertical edge of the transverse face interconnected by an unhollowed horizontal transverse channel (144) located at the terminal edge of the transverse face in both the transverse faces, the channels being type "A" in Fig. 003.

Compensator block "A" and "B" (15A) and (15B)

[449] Represented in Fig. 075 and Fig. 076, blocks (15A) and (15B) respectively, comprise the forms of "compensating block A and B" according to NBR 6136, respectively, characterized by comprising two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the underside face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located at each vertical edge of the cross face on both cross faces, being channels of the type (A) of Fig. 003 on the transverse faces and type (C) channels on the underside.

Mooring block "I" (16)

[450] Represented in Fig. 077, the block (16) comprises the shape of the "mooring block T" according to standard NBR 6136, but without the arms, that is, it comprises the central part of the "mooring block T", with mooring function "I", characterized in that it comprises two semi-hollowed horizontal transverse channels (127b) each located at each transverse terminal edge of the bottom face interconnected by an unhollowed horizontal longitudinal channel of a length equivalent to the width of the block (124) located at the longitudinal terminal edge of the face bottom and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (151) each being located on each vertical edge of the Longitudinal face on one of the longitudinal faces, being channels of the type (A) of Fig. 003 on the longitudinal face and type (C) channels on the lower face.

Mooring block "L" (18)

[451] Represented in Fig. 078, the block (18) comprises the form of "mooring block L" according to standard NBR 6136, characterized in that it comprises two semi-hollowed horizontal longitudinal channels (122) each located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face interconnected by a channel non-hollow horizontal transverse (128) located at the terminal edge of the lower face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located at each vertical edge of the transverse face on one of the transverse faces, being channels of the type (A) of Fig. 003 on the cross face and type (C) channels on the under face

Mooring block "T" (19)

[452] Represented in Fig. 079, the block (19) comprises the shape of a "T mooring block" according to standard NBR 6136, characterized in that it comprises two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the bottom face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located at each vertical edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, being channels of the type (A) of Fig. 003 on the transverse faces and type (C) channels on the underside.

[453] Block (19) also has the lashing function "X".

Entire "U" channel (20)

[454] Represented in Fig. 080, the block (20) comprises the shape of a "whole channel block" according to NBR 6136, with a "U" profile, characterized by comprising two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) each located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located at each vertical edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, being channels of the type (A) of Fig. 003 on the transverse faces and type (C) channels on the underside.

Half "U" channel (21)

[455] Represented in Fig. 081, the block (21) comprises the shape of a "half-block channel type" according to standard NBR 6136, with a "U" profile, characterized by comprising two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) each located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located at each vertical edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, being channels of the type (A) of Fig. 003 on the transverse faces and type (C) channels on the underside.

Half "U" channel with slot (21a)

[456] Represented in Fig. 082, the block (21a) comprises the shape of the block (21), however, with a slot in the lower wall for the passage of vertical reinforcement, as a constructive variant.

Terminal half "U" channel (21f)

[457] Represented in Fig. 083, the block (21f) comprises the shape of a "half-block channel type" according to standard NBR 6136, with a "U" profile, however, with the terminal function of the vertical row, characterized by comprising two semi-hollowed vertical longitudinal channels (143) each being located at each vertical edge of the transverse face interconnected by an unhollowed horizontal transverse channel (144) located at the terminal edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, the channels of the type (A) of Fig. 003.

Channel "U" compensator "A" and "B" (25A) and (25B)

[458] Represented in Fig. 084 and Fig. 085, blocks (25A) and (25B), respectively, comprise the shape of a "channel-type block" according to NBR 6136 standard, with a "U" profile, however, with the dimension and function of a modular compensator, characterized by comprising two longitudinal channels hollow horizontal channels (121) each being located on each longitudinal edge of the underside face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located on each vertical edge of the cross face on both cross faces, being channels of type (A) of the Fig. 003 on the transverse faces and type (C) channels on the underside.

Channel "U" of mooring "X" (27)

[459] Represented in Fig. 086, the block (27) comprises the shape of a "half-block channel type" according to standard NBR 6136, with a "U" profile, however, with an addition of "E1" in the thickness of one of the transverse faces and two chamfers "E1"x "E1" (116) on the transverse face, characterized in that it comprises two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face, two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located on each vertical edge of the flat transverse face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (142) each being located in each chamfered wall of the transverse face, channels being of the type (A) of Fig. 003 on the transverse faces and type (C) channels on the underside.

[460] Where "E1" represents an additional thickness, which can be equal to "E". See "E" in paragraph-[393] -.

[461] The block (27) can comprise a slot in the bottom wall for the passage of vertical reinforcement, as a constructive variant.

"U" channel of right "L" mooring (28d)

[462] Represented in Fig. 087, the block (28d) comprises the shape of a "channel-type block" according to standard NBR 6136, with a "U" profile, however, with a right "L" mooring shape and function, with selective cutting of the intersection of the right and left channels on the face of the "L" joint of the channels (117), characterized in that it comprises a hollow horizontal longitudinal channel (121a) located in only one of the longitudinal edges of the lower face, a semi-hollowed horizontal longitudinal channel (122a) located in one of the longitudinal edges of the underside, one semi-hollow horizontal transverse channel (127c) located at the transverse terminal edge of the underside, two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located at each vertical edge of the flat transverse face, and two hollow vertical channels (152) being each located on each vertical wall of the face of the "L" type joint of the channels, being channels of the type (C) of Fig. 003 on the lower face and type (A) channels on the other faces.

[463] The block (28d) can comprise slot/s in the bottom wall for the passage of vertical reinforcement, as a constructive variant.

"U" channel of left "L" mooring (28e)

[464] Represented in Fig. 088, the block (28e) comprises the shape of a "channel-type block" according to NBR 6136, with a "U" profile, however, with a left "L" form and binding function, with selective cutting of the intersection of the right and left channels on the face of the "L" joint of the channels (117), characterized in that it comprises two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face, two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) being each located in each vertical edge of the flat transverse face and two hollow vertical channels (152) each being located in each vertical wall of the "L" joint face of the channels, being channels of the type (C) of Fig. 003 on the lower face and type (A) channels on the other faces.

[465] The block (28e) may comprise slot/s in the lower wall for the passage of vertical reinforcement, as a constructive variant.

"U" channel of "T" mooring (29)

[466] Represented in Fig. 089, the block (29) comprises the shape of a "channel-type block" according to standard NBR 6136, with a "U" profile, however, with the shape and function of "T mooring", characterized by comprising two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) each being located at each longitudinal edge of the underside and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located at each vertical edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, being channels of the type (A) of Fig. 003 on the transverse faces and type (C) channels on the underside.

[467] The block (29) can comprise a slot in the center of the transverse wall, for the passage of horizontal reinforcement and, also, slot/s in the lower wall, for the passage of vertical reinforcement, as a constructive variant.

"U" channel with terminal "T" mooring (29f)

[468] Represented in Fig. 090, the block (29f) comprises the shape of a "channel-type block" according to standard NBR 6136, with a "U" profile, however, with the shape and function of a "T mooring" terminal of the vertical line, characterized by comprising two horizontal transverse channels semi-hollowed (127a) spaced from the transverse faces located on the underside interconnected by an unhollowed horizontal longitudinal channel of a length equivalent to the width of the block (124) located on the longitudinal terminal edge of the underside and two semi-hollowed vertical longitudinal channels (143 ) each being located at each vertical edge of the transverse face interconnected by an unhollowed horizontal transverse channel (144) located at the terminal edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, channels being of the type (A) of Fig. 003 on the transverse faces and type (C) channels on the underside.

Full "J" channel (30)

[469] Represented in Fig. 091, the block (30) comprises the form of a "full channel block" according to standard NBR 6136, with a "J" profile, characterized by comprising two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) each located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located at each vertical edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, being channels of the type (A) of Fig. 003 on the transverse faces and type (C) channels on the underside.

Half "J" channel (31)

[470] Represented in Fig. 092, the block (31) comprises the form of a "half-block channel type" according to standard NBR 6136, with a "J" profile, characterized by comprising two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) each located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located at each vertical edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, being channels of the type (A) of Fig. 003 on the transverse faces and type (C) channels on the underside.

Half "J" channel with slot (31a)

[471] Represented in Fig. 093, the block (31a) comprises the shape of the block (31), however, with a slot in the lower wall for the passage of vertical reinforcement, as a constructive variant.

Channel "J" compensator "A" and "B" (35A) and (35B)

[472] Represented in Fig. 094 and Fig. 095, the blocks (35A) and (35B), respectively, comprise the form of a "channel-type block" according to NBR 6136 standard, with a "J" profile, however, with the dimension and function of a modular compensator, characterized by comprising two longitudinal channels hollow horizontal channels (121) each being located on each longitudinal edge of the underside face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located on each vertical edge of the cross face on both cross faces, being channels of type (A) of the Fig. 003 on the transverse faces and type (C) channels on the underside.

Right "L" mooring channel "J" (38d)

[473] Represented in Fig. 096, the block (38d) comprises the shape of a "channel-type block" according to standard NBR 6136, with a "J" profile, however, with a right "L" mooring shape and function, with selective cutting of the intersection of the right and left channels on the face of the "L" joint of the channels (117), characterized in that it comprises a hollow horizontal longitudinal channel (121a) located in only one of the longitudinal edges of the lower face, a semi-hollowed horizontal longitudinal channel (122a) located in one of the longitudinal edges of the underside, one semi-hollow horizontal transverse channel (127c) located at the transverse terminal edge of the underside, two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located at each vertical edge of the flat transverse face, and two hollow vertical channels (152) each being located on each vertical wall of the face of the "L" type joint of the channels, being channels of the type (C) of Fig. 003 on the lower face and type (A) channels on the other faces.

[474] The block (38d) may comprise slot/s in the lower wall for the passage of vertical reinforcement, as a constructive variant.

"U" channel of left "L" mooring (38e)

[475] Represented in Fig. 097, the block (38e) comprises the form of a "channel-type block" according to standard NBR 6136, with a "J" profile, however, with the left "L" form and function of mooring, with selective cutting of the intersection of the right and left channels on the face of the "L" joint of the channels (117), characterized in that it comprises two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face, two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) being each located in each vertical edge of the flat transverse face and two hollow vertical channels (152) each being located in each vertical wall of the "L" joint face of the channels, being channels of the type (C) of Fig. 003 on the lower face and type (A) channels on the other faces.

[476] The block (38e) can comprise slot/s in the bottom wall for the passage of vertical reinforcement, as a constructive variant.

Channel "J" of mooring "T" (39)

[477] Represented in Fig. 098, the block (39) comprises the form of a "channel-type block" according to standard NBR 6136, with a "J" profile, however, with the shape and function of "T lashing", characterized by comprising two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) each being located at each longitudinal edge of the underside and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located at each vertical edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, being channels of the type (A) of Fig. 003 on the transverse faces and type (C) channels on the underside.

[478] The block (39) can comprise a slot in the center of the transverse wall, for the passage of horizontal reinforcement and, also, slot/s in the lower wall, for the passage of vertical reinforcement, as a constructive variant.

Entire "Ur" channel (40)

[479] Represented in Fig. 099, the block (40) comprises the shape of a "whole channel block" according to standard NBR 6136, with a recessed "U" profile, symbolized by the letters "Ur", characterized by comprising two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) each being located on each longitudinal edge of the bottom face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located on each vertical edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, being channels of the type (A) of Fig. 003 on the transverse faces and type (C) channels on the underside.

[480] The "Ur" channel is mounted on the last row of the building's internal walls and its height corresponds to the lower height of the "J" channel.

Half channel "Ur" (41)

[481] Represented in Fig. 100, the block (41) comprises the shape of a "half-block channel type" according to NBR 6136 standard, with a recessed "U" profile, symbolized by the letters "Ur", characterized by comprising two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) each being located on each longitudinal edge of the bottom face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located on each vertical edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, being channels of the type (A) of Fig. 003 on the transverse faces and type (C) channels on the underside.

Half "Ur" channel with tear (41a)

[482] Represented in Fig. 101, the block (41a) comprises the shape of the block (41), however, with a slot in the lower wall for the passage of vertical reinforcement, as a constructive variant.

Channel "Ur" compensator "A" and "B" (45A) and (45B)

[483] Represented in Fig. 102 and Fig. 103 , blocks (45A) and (45B), respectively, comprise the shape of a "channel-type block" according to NBR 6136 standard, with a lowered "U" profile, symbolized by the letters "Ur", however, with the dimension and function of a compensator modular, characterized in that it comprises two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) each being located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located on each vertical edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, being channels of type (A) in Fig. 003 on the transverse faces and type (C) channels on the underside.

"Ur" channel with right "L" mooring (48d)

[484] Represented in Fig. 104, the block (48d) comprises the shape of a "channel-type block" according to NBR 6136 standard, with a lowered "U" profile, symbolized by the letters "Ur", however, with the form and function of the right "L" mooring, with selection of the intersection of the right and left channels on the face of the "L" joint of the channels (117), characterized in that it comprises a hollow horizontal longitudinal channel (121a) located on only one of the longitudinal edges of the lower face, a semi- hollow (122a) located on one of the longitudinal edges of the underside, a semi-hollowed horizontal transverse channel (127c) located on the transverse terminal edge of the underside, two vertical hollow channels (141) each being located on each vertical edge of the underside. flat transverse face and two hollow vertical channels (152) each being located on each vertical wall of the "L" joint face of the channels, being channels of the type (C) of Fig. 003 on the lower face and type (A) channels on the other faces.

[485] The block (48d) may comprise slot/s in the bottom wall for the passage of vertical reinforcement, as a constructive variant.

Left "L" mooring "Ur" channel (48e)

[486] Represented in Fig. 105, the block (48e) comprises the shape of a "channel-type block" according to NBR 6136 standard, with a lowered "U" profile, symbolized by the letters "Ur", however, with the left "L" mooring shape and function, with a cutout selection of the intersection of the right and left channels on the face of the "L" type joint of the channels (117), characterized in that it comprises two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face, two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located on each vertical edge of the flat transverse face and two vertical hollow channels (152) each being located on each vertical wall of the "L" joint face of the gutters, being type (C) channels of the Fig. 003 on the lower face and type (A) channels on the other faces.

[487] The block (48e) can comprise slot/s in the bottom wall for the passage of vertical reinforcement, as a constructive variant.

"Ur" channel with "T" mooring (49)

[488] Represented in Fig. 106, the block (49) comprises the form of a "channel-type block" according to NBR 6136 standard, with a lowered "U" profile, symbolized by the letters "Ur", however, with the shape and function of "T lashing", characterized by comprising two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) each being located on each longitudinal edge of the lower face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) each being located on each vertical edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, being channels of type ( A) of Fig. 003 on the transverse faces and type (C) channels on the underside.

[489] The block (49) can comprise a slot in the center of the transverse wall, for the passage of horizontal reinforcement and, also, slot/s in the lower wall, for the passage of vertical reinforcement, as a constructive variant.

Channel "Ur" of mooring "X" (49x)

[490] Represented in Fig. 107, the block (49x) comprises the shape of the block (49), however, with a slot in the center of the other transversal wall without a slot, for the passage of vertical reinforcement, as a constructive variant.

FAMILY OF LEAKED BLOCKS FOR BEAMS "Uv" channel-type blocks

[491] Channels for injection of adherent material were modeled in the "U" type channels dimensioned for beams, creating the "Uv" channel type blocks aiming to solve the basic needs of the construction of modular beams in buildings, presented in Table 03

[492] The external dimensions of the "Uv" channel-type blocks, designated by "Bv", "Hv" and "Lv", correspond to the width, height and length, respectively, and must meet the modular dimensions defined by the module "m" equal to 100 mm or adapted to the standard of each country.

[493] It is recommended that height "Hv" should be standardized, using the following formula:
Formula 012: Hv = n * H + ( "Ur" channel height)

[494] Where:
• "H" represents the modular height of the building wall blocks.
• "n" represents the number of height options.

[495] The dimension adopted for the modeling of the entire "Uv" block was 200x300x200, and other dimensions can be extrapolated from these models as required by the consumer market.

[496] Therefore, "n" is considered to be 1 and the height of the "Ur" type gutters is equal to 100 mm.

[497] The modeling of channels for injection in "Uv" type channel blocks for beams is represented in Fig. 116 to Fig. 121, with reference signals from (50... to 57...), as shown in Table 03 below.

[498] From these blocks, the construction of beams was simulated as shown in Fig. 122, Fig. 123 and Fig. 124, where the following solutions can be identified:
• Linear assembly of "Uv" channel beams;
• "X" mooring of "Uv" channel beams;
• "I" termination of "Uv" channel beams;
• Passage of vertical and horizontal reinforcement in "Uv" channels.

Entire "UV" channel (50)

[499] Represented in Fig. 116, the block (50) comprises the form of a "channel-type block" according to standard NBR 6136, with a "U" profile sized for the beam, symbolized by the letters "Uv", characterized by comprising two semi-hollowed vertical longitudinal channels (143) each being located at each vertical edge of the transverse face interconnected by an unhollowed horizontal transverse channel (144) located at the terminal edge of the transverse face on both transverse faces, the channels of the type (A) of Fig. 003.

"Uv" channel with tear (50a)

[500] Represented in Fig. 117, the block (50a) comprises the shape of the block (50), however, with a slot in the lower wall for the passage of vertical reinforcement, as a constructive variant.

"Uv" channel compensator "A" and "B" (55A) and (55B)

[501] Represented in Fig. 118 and Fig. 119, blocks (55A) and (55B), respectively, comprise the form of a "channel-type block" according to NBR 6136, with a "U" profile sized for the beam, symbolized by the letters "Uv", however, with dimension and function modular compensator, characterized in that it comprises two vertical semi-hollowed longitudinal channels (143) each located at each vertical edge of the transverse face interconnected by an unhollowed horizontal transverse channel (144) located at the terminal edge of the transverse face on both faces transverse, with the channels of type (A) in Fig. 003.

"I" mooring "Uv" channel (56)

[502] Represented in Fig. 120, the block (56) comprises the shape of the "channel-type block" according to standard NBR 6136, with a "U" profile sized for the beam, symbolized by the letters "Uv", however, with dimension, arrangement, cuts and lashing function " I", characterized in that it comprises two semi-hollowed horizontal transverse channels (127b) each located at each transverse terminal edge of the lower face interconnected by an uncast horizontal longitudinal channel of a length equivalent to the width of the block (124) located at the terminal edge of the bottom face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (151) each being located on each vertical edge of the Longitudinal face on one of the longitudinal faces, being channels of the type (A) of Fig. 003 on the longitudinal face and type (C) channels on the lower face.

"X" mooring "Uv" channel (57)

[503] Represented in Fig. 121, the block (57) comprises the shape of a "channel-type block" according to NBR 6136, with a "U" profile sized for the beam, symbolized by the letters "Uv", however, with an addition of "E1" in the thickness of one of the transverse faces and two chamfers "E1"x"E1" (116) on the transverse face, characterized in that it comprises two semi-hollowed vertical longitudinal channels (143) being each located on each vertical edge of the flat transverse face interconnected by a horizontal transverse channel hollow (144) located at the terminal edge of the flat transverse face and two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (142) each being located in each beveled wall of the transverse face, being channels of the type (A) of Fig. 003 on the transverse faces and type (C) channels on the underside.

[504] Where "E1" represents an additional thickness, which can be equal to "E". See "E" in paragraph-[393] -.

[505] The block (57) may comprise a slot in the lower wall for the passage of vertical reinforcement, as a constructive variant.

FAMILY OF LEAKED BLOCKS FOR COLUMNS "O" type hollow blocks

[506] Channels for injection of adherent material were modeled in the hollow blocks, however with the shape and dimensions of transverse segments of columns, such as round, circular-oblong or polygonal rings, creating the "O" type hollow blocks in order to solve the needs basics of building modular columns in buildings, represented in Table 04.

[507] The external shapes of hollow blocks type "O" are characterized by comprising the closed shape seen from above, and can be square, rectangular, round, circular-oblong, ellipse, hexagonal, octagonal, etc., that is, any otherwise closed, and the external measurements, as well as the height, must meet the modular dimensions defined by the module "m" equal to 100 mm or adapted to the standard of each country.

[508] Internal reinforcements can be modeled as needed, especially when the idea is extrapolated to larger blocks. In this case, the interaction with the reinforcement assembly must be observed.

[509] It is recommended that the height of the "O" blocks be the same as the height of the building wall blocks.

[510] Chamfering or rounding is recommended on exposed corners of blocks whose shape comprises exposed corners, such as square, rectangular, polygonal, etc.

[511] The shapes adopted for the modeling were the four mentioned above, and other shapes and dimensions must be extrapolated from these models according to the needs of the consumer market.

[512] Note: As with the Longitudinal/Transverse bonding joints described in paragraph-[394] -, in the first row of the column the minimum thickness of bonding material can be disregarded in order to avoid making different channels only for the block of the first course, in addition to the fact that the first course can be laid by the conventional system and also that the column must be filled with concrete.

[513] There are at least two variants of arrangement of the injection channels in the joint "I/S", being defined as Variant 21 channels only on the lower face of the blocks and as Variant 22 channels both on the lower face and on the upper face of the blocks. blocks.

[514] The modeling of injection channels in hollow blocks type "O" for columns was performed as Variant 22 is represented in Fig. 125 to Fig. 132, with reference signals (61... to 64...), as shown in Table 04 below.

[515] From these blocks, the construction of columns was simulated as shown in Fig. 133 to Fig. 136, where the following solutions can be identified:
• Square column;
• Rectangular column;
• Round column;
• Circular-oblong column.

Hollow block "O" square whole (61)

[516] Represented in Fig. 125, the block (61) comprises the shape of a hollow block with square external geometry, in the form of a ring, dimensioned to be the mold and external finish of the column, symbolized by the letter "O", characterized in that it comprises a closed horizontal channel (153 ) located in the thickness of the outer wall of the block, on the lower face and a closed horizontal channel (154) located in the thickness of the external wall of the block, on the upper face, with channels of type (A) in Fig. 003, plus two diagonally opposite horizontal nozzle channels (157) located on the lower face symmetry line and two diagonally opposite horizontal injection device nozzle channels (158) located on the face symmetry line upper, for the process of injection of adherent material.

Hollow block type "O" square compensating terminal (61f)

[517] Represented in Fig. 126, the block (61f) comprises the form of a hollow block with square external geometry, in the form of a ring, dimensioned to be a mold and external finish of the column, symbolized by the letter "O", however with dimension and terminal function and compensator of the last row of the column, characterized in that it comprises a closed horizontal channel (153) located in the thickness of the external wall of the block, on the lower face, the channel of type (A) in Fig. 003, in addition to two diagonally opposite horizontal channels for the nozzle of the injection device (157) located on the symmetry line of the lower face, for the process of injection of adhering material.

Rectangular "O" type hollow block (62)

[518] Represented in Fig. 127, the block (62) comprises the form of a hollow block with rectangular external geometry, in the form of a ring, dimensioned to be a mold and external finish of the column, symbolized by the letter "O", characterized by comprising a closed horizontal channel (153 ) located in the thickness of the outer wall of the block, on the lower face and a closed horizontal channel (154) located in the thickness of the external wall of the block, on the upper face, with channels of type (A) in Fig. 003, plus two diagonally opposite horizontal nozzle channels (157) located on the lower face symmetry line and two diagonally opposite horizontal injection device nozzle channels (158) located on the face symmetry line upper, for the process of injection of adhering material

Hollow block type "O" rectangular compensating terminal (62f)

[519] Represented in Fig. 128, the block (62f) comprises the form of a hollow block with a rectangular external geometry, in the form of a ring, dimensioned to be a mold and external finish of the column, symbolized by the letter "O", however with dimension and terminal function and compensator of the last row of the column, characterized in that it comprises a closed horizontal channel (153) located in the thickness of the external wall of the block, on the lower face, the channel of type (A) in Fig. 003, in addition to two diagonally opposite horizontal channels for the nozzle of the injection device (157) located on the symmetry line of the lower face, for the process of injection of adhering material.

Full round "O" hollow block (63)

[520] Represented in Fig. 129, the block (63) comprises the form of a hollow block with round external geometry, in the form of a ring, dimensioned to be the mold and external finish of the column, symbolized by the letter "O", characterized in that it comprises a closed horizontal channel (153 ) located in the thickness of the outer wall of the block, on the lower face and a closed horizontal channel (154) located in the thickness of the external wall of the block, on the upper face, with channels of type (A) in Fig. 003, plus two diagonally opposite horizontal nozzle channels (157) located on the lower face symmetry line and two diagonally opposite horizontal injection device nozzle channels (158) located on the face symmetry line upper, for the process of injection of adherent material.

Hollow block type "O" round compensating terminal (63f)

[521] Represented in Fig. 130, the block (63f) comprises the form of a hollow block with round external geometry, in the form of a ring, dimensioned to be a mold and external finish of the column, symbolized by the letter "O", however with dimension and terminal function and compensator of the last row of the column, characterized in that it comprises a closed horizontal channel (153) located in the thickness of the external wall of the block, on the lower face, the channel of type (A) in Fig. 003, in addition to two diagonally opposite horizontal channels for the nozzle of the injection device (157) located on the symmetry line of the lower face, for the process of injection of adhering material

Entire circular-oblong "O" hollow block (64)

[522] Represented in Fig. 131, the block (64) comprises the shape of a hollow block with an external circular-oblong geometry, in the form of a ring, dimensioned to be the mold and external finish of the column, symbolized by the letter "O", characterized in that it comprises a closed horizontal channel (153) located in the thickness of the outer wall of the block, on the lower face and a closed horizontal channel (154) located in the thickness of the outer wall of the block, on the upper face, with channels of type (A) in Fig. 003, plus two diagonally opposite horizontal nozzle channels (157) located on the lower face symmetry line and two diagonally opposite horizontal injection device nozzle channels (158) located on the face symmetry line upper, for the process of injection of adherent material.

Hollow block type "O" circular-oblong compensating terminal (64f)

[523] Represented in Fig. 132, the block (64f) comprises the shape of a hollow block with an external circular-oblong geometry, in the form of a ring, dimensioned to be a mold and external finish of the column, symbolized by the letter "O", however with dimension and terminal function and compensator of the last row of the column, characterized in that it comprises a closed horizontal channel (153) located in the thickness of the external wall of the block, on the lower face, the channel of type (A) in Fig. 003, in addition to two diagonally opposite horizontal channels for the nozzle of the injection device (157) located on the symmetry line of the lower face, for the process of injection of adhering material

BLOCK DIMENSIONS external dimensions

[524] This invention meets the modular dimensions of the NBR 15873 standards, represented by the following formula:
Formula 013: Mc = Mn + Ac

[525] Where:
• "Mc" is equal to the Coordination measure of the element or component, that is, modular measure;
• "Mn" is equal to Nominal Measurement;
• "Ac" is equal to Coordination Adjustment.

[526] However, as described in paragraph-[033] -, the nominal "Ac" measurement of the formula, which is traditionally 10 mm, will tend to 0, as presented in the next subheading, so the formula results in:
Formula 014: Mc = Mn + 0
Formula 015: Mc = Mn

[527] Therefore, the nominal external measurements of the blocks of this invention have the same modular value, that is, the nominal measurements equivalent to 190x190x390 mm, traditional, will change to 200x200x400 mm, by the invention.

[528] For the application of this invention in other countries, this same concept must be used and the dimensions of the blocks can be adapted according to the modular standard of each country, including the unit of measure, covering the inch.

BLOCK TOLERANCES

[529] The second difference in relation to the NBR 6136 and NBR 15873 standards is that the tolerances need to be improved, that is, they need to be tighter, to get to the point of assembling the lego on site.

[530] When there is 10 mm of nominal clearance between the blocks, for adjustment, it is expected that the state of the art does not require such precision in manufacturing, but not that it does not have the technical capacity to do so.

[531] Fig. 004 defines the preferred tolerances to be used in this invention and, below, the instructions that complement said Figure follow.

[532] This instruction applies to blocks identified in Tables 01, 02, 03 and 04, including the group of blocks to be joined in batch.

[533] The dimensional and geometric tolerances of the external surfaces of the blocks of height "H", width "B" and length "L", as well as the vertical channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155), shall be defined from references generated by a perfect theoretical straight parallelepiped, henceforth referred to only as theoretical parallelepiped. Exception in the case of channels intended for mooring "L", references (28d), (28e), (38d), (38e), (48d) and (48e) where in these cases the theoretical parallelepiped must have cutouts according to the external shape theory of said blocks. Furthermore, this idea must be extrapolated by considering the theoretical external form of the block, whatever the external form.

[534] The dimensions of the theoretical parallelepiped shall have the same nominal external dimensions as the blocks.

[535] The three faces of the theoretical parallelepiped, defined as datum A, datum B and datum C, as indicated in Fig. 004, should be the reference planes for the positioning and measurement of the blocks.

[536] Therefore, the blocks should be positioned as follows, in relation to the theoretical parallelepiped:
• The first assembly reference of the block is the lower face, where it will be seated and, therefore, the first datum to be defined. Therefore, the base of the block, indicated by the standing reference sign, must rest on the base of the theoretical parallelepiped defined as datum A, by 3 theoretical support points, generating the first positioning reference between them;
• The second positioning reference must be formed at the abutment of a longitudinal face of the block with the face of the theoretical parallelepiped defined as datum B, by 2 theoretical support points; in the case of different longitudinal faces, adopt the largest of them, either in height or in length;
• The final positioning must be formed at the abutment of a transversal face of the block, orthogonal to the two previous planes, with the face of the theoretical parallelepiped defined as datum C, by 1 theoretical point of support;
• Once positioned, the tolerances are defined.

Bottom face tolerance "I"

[537] As a general rule, the first datum defines the "shape tolerance" of that datum:
• The lower face of the block, defined by datum A, should preferably have a flatness tolerance value less than or equal to 0.5 mm, and optionally, this value can be up to "F/2".

"F/2" - Tolerances in the "L/T" and "T/T" joint regions

[538] Regarding the theoretical parallelepiped that covers the block, for the longitudinal and transverse external surfaces of the blocks, in the regions of the adhesion joints, the distances between any face of the theoretical parallelepiped and the block must be between 0 mm and "F/ 2" smaller, while, in the regions outside the adhesion joints, the tolerances are at the manufacturer's discretion, and chamfered corners can very well disguise the misalignment in these regions.

"F/2" - Top face tolerance "S"

[539] The maximum "F" clearances in the "I/S" joint regions are identified by dotted ellipses in Fig. 005, and was defined as follows:
• Considering initially that the floor is completely flat, so that the tolerances of the blocks do not depend on external factors;
• The largest and smallest blocks in height were mounted on this floor, taking into account the dimensional tolerances. The largest were represented by dashed lines, which correspond to the parallelepiped of "H" in height, that is, the theoretical height of the block. The smaller ones were represented by a solid line, which correspond to "H - t2" in height, where "t2" is the maximum tolerance of the block, for less.

[540] Performing the calculation, we have the following formulas:
Formula 016: H + H = ( H - t2 ) + ( H - t2 ) + F
Formula 017: F = t2 + t2
Formula 018: t2 = F / 2

Conclusion

[541] The tolerances of the top faces of the blocks are the same as the transverse and longitudinal faces of the blocks, ie "F/2".

[542] In practice, i.e. functionally speaking, this form of quoting the individual blocks, known as "functional quoting", aims to ensure that, in pre-assembly, the external geometric dimensions of the blocks in the adhesion joint regions do not exceed " F/2", for less, in order to guarantee a maximum clearance equal to "F" in the adhesion joints, and that the assembled wall does not exceed the theoretical dimensions, both in length and in height, in addition to guaranteeing the permissible deviation of the wall leveling.

[543] Another interpretation is that the value of "F" is equal to the maximum clearance that can exist in the adhesion joints (107) so that the injected adherent material (106) does not leak, or leaks as allowed so as not to impair the injection process.

[544] To clarify the obvious, the value of "F/2" is equal to half the value of "F".

"F" values

[545] The "F" values should be defined from the existing or to be developed adhering material options, according to the types, viscosities and tests to be performed, in addition to the pressure intensities of the injection devices.

[546] The block manufacturer must indicate the design "F" value, the types of applicable adhering materials and the injection pressure values, either by their tests performed, or by the indication of the manufacturer of the adhering material.

[547] Therefore, the values of "F" defined to meet the different types of adherent materials to be used should be: 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm, 3.0 mm, 3.5 mm, 4.0 mm, 4.5 mm and 5.0 mm, with values from 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm being preferred

[548] Example 1: "F" equal to 0.5 mm means that the gaps in the gripping surfaces must be 0 to 0.5 mm.

[549] Example 2: "F" equal to 5.0 mm means that the gaps in the gripping surfaces must be 0 to 5.0 mm.

[550] Therefore, it follows that whatever "F" values from 0.0 to 5.0 mm, even if different from the ten values defined above, will be covered by the claim.

Vertical channel tolerances

[551] In the case of dry pre-assembly with free adhesion joints, the vertical channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155) would not need the tolerances defined in paragraph-[554] - however, due to the fact that, in the last horizontal row, some of them must be used to introduce the nozzle for injection of adhering material, in addition to the fact that the plugs (71) and (72) can optionally be mounted in the referred channels of the last horizontal row , it is highly recommended to use this tolerance, at least in the blocks of the last horizontal row of the batch.

[552] In the case of dry pre-assembly with locked adhesion joints:
• For walls and beams, the vertical channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155) must have the tolerances defined in paragraph-[554] -.
• For columns, the horizontal channels (157, 158), although there is no specific quotation drawing, must have the same tolerances as the vertical channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155).

[553] As indicated in Fig. 004, the vertical channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155) comprise functional tolerances, being defined that the value of the "position tolerance" of the hole øD should preferably be ø0.5 mm in relation to the theoretical faces of the block, being the longitudinal ones defined by datum B and the transversal ones defined by datum C, and also being defined that the dimension tolerance value of the hole diameter øD should preferably be ± 0.5 mm, and, optionally, the values of said tolerances can be up to ø2.5 mm for the "position" and up to ± 2.5 mm for the dimension, depending largely on the operating condition defined for the wall mounting.

general tolerances

[554] Where not indicated in the drawing or defined heretofore, general dimensional and geometric tolerances may preferably be ±1 mm and 1 mm, respectively, in relation to the theoretical dimensions of the blocks, or else, in agreement with the manufacturer of the blocks. blocks.

BLOCKS WITH FINAL FINISHING OF THE WALL TO BE ASSEMBLED

[555] The clean process of injection of adherent material and the dimensional quality of the blocks allow that they can be manufactured with final finish of the wall to be assembled.

[556] The final finish comprises all types of existing finishes for the internal and external walls of buildings, or all types of existing technology for surface finishes that can be applied to blocks in the factory, or even all types of technology finishes to be developed specifically for ready-to-assemble blocks, as it is much easier to industrialize the finish on the blocks at the factory than on the walls at the construction site.

[557] Therefore, the blocks can leave the factory with the final finish of the wall to be assembled, that is, with the faces to be exposed fully finished, comprising chamfered or rounded corners, background and finishing paint, textures, waterproofed surfaces , tiled or with applications that can provide similar smooth faces, including finishes that can be industrialized in the blocks at the time of manufacture, etc.

BLOCK MATERIAL

[558] This invention is not about new materials, but it is applicable to all types of material for bricks and blocks, including cement, ceramic, composites or composites that can improve the characteristics of mechanical resistance, density, acoustics, thermal, etc. ., provided that they can be adhered with the used adhesive material and that they meet the requirements of the regulations in force in the country of use. On the other hand, the requirement of high dimensional quality may imply in the exclusion of materials with low mechanical strength.

[559] Among other compounds mentioned in the previous paragraph, one of vital importance today, due to sustainability, are the so-called ecological bricks or blocks.

[560] They are considered "Ecological Bricks because they allow, in their composition, the use of sand, waste and slag from steel mills, recycled aggregates from civil construction debris, waste from mining activities and other environmental liabilities resulting from various activities , which in the process become aggregate components through the use of cement and water that, subjected to pressure and the curing process, generate standardized and highly resistant parts".

BLOCK CONTROL

[561] The tolerances defined in paragraph-[529] to paragraph-[554] must be controlled by the block manufacturer who should be able to perform this service, or outsource. This task does not seem to be very simple, but it is necessary, in order to guarantee the assembly of the lego in the work.

[562] For the user, if he wants to have an idea of the dimensional quality of the blocks, a practical form of control would be to simulate a horizontal and a vertical row, of approximately 10 blocks each, on a reliable plane, and measure the final dimensions and obtain the maximum clearances in the adhesion joints, as well as the junction of the diameters of the vertical channels.

[563] The square can also be checked, not with the precision required by Fig. 004, however it is easy to verify gross distortions of more than 1 mm.

PRODUCT ASSEMBLY PROCESS Essence

[564] Refers to a patent for the invention of a process for assembling the product characterized by comprising the following sequential steps: step 1 - dry pre-assembly of a batch of blocks with free adhesion joints and, optionally, with joints of grip locked; step 2 - adhesion of the blocks in batch by injection of adherent material only in the adhesion joints of the pre-assembled blocks.

Detailed Description

[565] The detailed assembly process comprises the following sequential steps described below, which should be considered as a reference, provided that the essential process steps described in the previous paragraph are respected.
Step 1
Dry pre-assembly of a batch of blocks
• Stage 1A - inspection and control of the floor for the dry pre-assembly of the first course: flatness, adhesion, reinforcement start-ups, pipes, conduits, etc.;
o Note: The flatness of the floor will define the quality of the stacked wall. Cleaning is also very important to ensure the adhesion of the adhering material to the floor.
• Step 1B - assemble the horizontal reference line to guide the wall to be pre-assembled;
• Step 1C - pre-assemble the first row of blocks on the floor, simply touching each other, which will greatly facilitate the service, as the dimensional quality of the blocks is such that they must adjust themselves both in the square and in the linear positioning;
• Step 1D - control the theoretical total length of the first course of the wall, which must be less than or equal to the design value, otherwise, the dimensions of the blocks will be out of specification, because "the dimensional and geometric tolerances define that the external surfaces of the blocks in the adhesion joint regions shall never exceed the theoretical external shape of the blocks".
• Step 1E - calculate the average clearance between the blocks using the following formula: Formula 019: Fb = Ft / ( Nb - 1 ) where:
"Fb" is the average clearance between blocks;
the "Ft" is the total wall clearance, difference between the theoretical and measured length;
the "Nb" is the number of blocks in the row;
o Example:  "Ft" equals 10 mm  "Nb" equals 21  "Fb" equals 0.5 mm
• Step 1F - adjust final positioning. In the example above, the wall must be reassembled using a shim pattern that guarantees an average clearance of 0.5 mm, taking as a reference the point of contact of the transverse faces in the initial pre-assembly;
• Step 1G - control and/or correct, if necessary, the horizontal alignment and plumb, flatness, height multiple of H mm, in addition to the assembly of reinforcements, conduits, pipes, electrical boxes, etc.;
• Step 1H - if necessary or advantageous, assemble the elastic pins (73) in the vertical channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155) to compress and fix the blocks against each other, to stabilize the assembly gap between the blocks, in addition to the pre-assembled wall itself;
o Note: Step 1H is optional, ie it is a variant of the dry pre-assembly process of the blocks.
• Step 1I - remove the shims;
o Note: From the first row, the trend must be repeated so that the next rows can now be definitively positioned in the linear direction, repeating the use of the same shim patterns.
• Step 1J - pre-assemble other rows of blocks following the previous steps, if applicable, until forming a desired batch, that is, the specified portion of the wall, which can be one row or several rows, depending on the type of adhering material , the capacity of the device or machine for injecting the adherent material and the know-how of each construction company;
• Step 1K - if necessary or advantageous, plug the exposed vertical channels of the last horizontal row of the batch, with the exception of those that will be used for the nozzle of the device for injection of adherent material, using the plugs (71) and/or the means plug (72) as needed;
o Note: Step 1K is optional, ie a variant of the dry pre-assembly process for the blocks.
• Stage 1L - inspection and final control of the wall;

[566] General Notes:
• Steps 1E, 1F and 1I can be replaced by a joint sealer, between the last and penultimate block at the end of the wall, that is, at the last adhesion joint, in order to seal the sum of the gaps accumulated in that joint, in order to prevent the injected adherent material from leaking, or leaking as permitted so as not to harm the injection process. This is a dry pre-assembly option with free grip joints.
• Steps 1E, 1F and 1I can be replaced by assembling the elastic pins (73) starting from the ends towards the center, with the end blocks properly locked in the theoretical final position of the wall. This is a dry pre-assembly option with the transverse/transverse grip joints locked.
step 2
Adhesion of blocks in batch by injection of adherent material
• Step 2 - Injection of adhering material only in the adhesion joints of the pre-assembled blocks.

[567] Note: Steps 1K and 1L could obviously be transferred to step 2, prior to injection of adherent material.

Process for assembling the beams

[568] For the process of assembling the beams, adopt the steps previously presented for walls, where applicable, with the terms "floor" and "wall" being replaced by the terms "framing" and "beam", respectively.

[569] In the particular case of beams, the courses are always single and horizontal and, for this reason, the channels for injection of adherent material cannot be interconnected from one course to another. Therefore, the adherent material has to be injected in each row of each beam, however, the dry pre-assembly is independent, that is, a batch can be pre-assembled, which can be the whole beam or part of it, or several beams or several parts of beams, to then inject the adherent material into the batch.

Column assembly process

[570] For the process for assembling the columns, adopt the steps presented above for walls, where applicable, provided that:
• The term "wall" must be replaced by the term "column";
• The term "mount the elastic pins (73) in the vertical channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155) to compress and secure the blocks against each other" should be replaced by the term "mount the elastic pins (73 ) in the horizontal channels (157, 158) to align the symmetry line of the column blocks";
• The term "dry pre-assembly with locked transverse/transverse adhesion joints" should be replaced by the term "dry pre-assembly with locked lower/top adhesion joints"

[571] In the particular case of columns, the rows are always single and vertical and, for this reason, the channels for injection of adherent material cannot be interconnected from one row to another. Therefore, the adherent material has to be injected in each row of each column, however, the dry pre-assembly is independent, that is, a batch can be pre-assembled, which can be the whole column or part of it, or several columns or several parts of it to then inject the adherent material into the batch, and in each row, two channels for injection diagonally opposite and in the horizontal direction, seen from plan, one for the entrance and the other for the exit of the adhering material are provided.

ADHERENT MATERIAL INJECTION

[572] The act of applying grout is called grouting, however, for the most general case, of applying any adherent material with the same function as grout, there is still no specific term or I still don't know it.

[573] Therefore, an example of injection of adherent material into adhesion joints can be called grouting the joints if, in this case, the material used is grout.

[574] Another pertinent observation in relation to grouting is not to be confused with filling the holes of hollow blocks with a mixture of grout and gravel, a traditional practice in columns and channels and which is also called grouting.

[575] Therefore, the term joint grouting, referring to the invention presented, should preferably be called joint adhesion, novelty of the invention, referring to the act of joining the blocks together by injecting an adherent material only in the adhesion joints, which has a similar effect to laying the blocks with mortar, in terms of adhesion.

[576] The term adhering material injection, used in this invention, means the action of applying adhering material inside the adhesion joints of the group of blocks to be adhered in batch, so that the adherent material is injected, that is, , embedded, not apparent. In addition, the term is characterized by differing from the traditional process by the fact that it would not work to inject adherent material into a traditional joint because, in addition to not being prepared with channels interconnected, the adherent material would leak.

[577] The term also covers the act of "introducing something under pressure", with devices and nozzles with functions similar to "syringes and needles", respectively, however, nothing prevents the adhering material from being introduced by gravity, that is, by the simplest process, and even then it would have the pressure of gravity.

[578] However, for all intents and purposes, the term "adherent material injection" is synonymous with "adherent material application", without necessarily having to be under pressure, covering all types of application with the function of introducing the adherent material into the joint, covering the suction, negative pressure or other existing process or that may be developed, provided that it is applicable to the claimed product and/or process.

ADHERENT MATERIAL Quantity and cost

[579] As in the choice of channels, commented on in paragraph-[288] -, the adherent material must be chosen by the manufacturer of the block, since it must be the starting point for the modeling of the channels for injection of adherent material.

[580] In a quick search, an adherent material called Sikagrout-250 was found, whose data are shown in Table 05.

[581] From the reference in Table 05, some data were generated to serve as a reference regarding the cost and amount of adherent material to be used, shown in Table 06.

[582] Recalling that variants 2 and 14 were the references for the creation of families of solid and hollow blocks, identified in Tables 01 and 02, respectively.

[583] Below is an explanation of the data in Table 05 and 06:
• "Sikagrout"-250: Grout type adopted for cost estimation;
• "kg/bag": Mass of the grout bag;
• "R$/bag": Cost of the grout bag;
• "kg/m3": Grout density;
• "bags/m3 ": Number of bags of grout per m3 ;
• "R$/l": Cost per liter of grout;
• "l/bag": Quantity of liters per bag;
• "ml/bl": Volume of grout per block, in milliliters;
• "R$/bl": Grout cost per block;
• "R$/m2": Cost of grout per m2 of grouted wall;
• "bl/25kg": Number of blocks that can be grouted per 25 kg bag of grout

PRODUCT ASSEMBLY DEVICES Auxiliary devices for the process of injection of adherent material Plug (71) and Half-plug (72)

[584] The plugs (71) and (72), if necessary or advantageous, can be mounted in the vertical channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155) exposed from the last horizontal row of the wall or pre-assembled beam, with the exception of those that will be used for the nozzle of the device for injection of adherent material. In addition, they can be mounted in the horizontal channels (157, 158) of the pre-assembled column, with the exception of those that will be used for the nozzle of the device for injection of adherent material.

[585] The characterizing design of the device for mounting the product comprises plugs (71) and half-plugs (72) with means for calibrating the output of air and adhering material in the channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155). , 157, 158) and means for locking the adhesion joints (107) by interference fit in said channels. In other words, it comprises plugs (71) and half-plugs (72) with means to calibrate the output of air and adhering material during the injection process, in addition to locking the transverse/transverse adhesion joints, in the case of walls and beams, and lock the lower/upper adhesion joints, in the case of columns, all by interference fit.

[586] Represented in Fig. 140, the Plug (71) comprises the form of a flexible diameter tube øDplug, a cap and a nail head external to the cap, and a calibrated axial hole through the cap and the nail head, the nail head being a constructive variant.

[587] Represented in Fig. 141, the Half-plug (72) comprises the form of a flexible diameter tube øDplug, a cap and a nail head external to the cap, and a calibrated axial hole through the cap and the nail head, the nail is a constructive variant.

• o Acomodar-se no diâmetro øD dos canais verticais (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155) para garantir montagem por interferência;
• o Permitir a passagem do material aderente através dele;
• o Ângulo de saída no diâmetro interno do tubo para permitir sua remoção após a cura do material aderente, caso não tenha sido removido antes da cura, por algum motivo;
• o O diâmetro "øDplug" deverá ser definido/calibrado para ajuste adequado, sem ejetar devido à pressão do material aderente.

• Furo "øDfuro" calibrado cujas características e/ou funções são:

• o Calibrar a saída do ar e do material aderente de modo a liberar o ar dos canais evitando a presença de vazios e garantir uma pressão necessária de material aderente no interior dos canais, além de facilitar a visualização do preenchimento dos canais através do transbordamento do material aderente;
• o O diâmetro do furo "øDfuro" deverá ser definido/calibrado conforme o tipo de material aderente e testes específicos.

• Cabeça e pescoço cujas características e/ou funções são:

• o Fácil montagem e desmontagem, como se fossem um prego manuseado com um martelo;
• o Função secundária, não obrigatória.

[588] Plugs (71) and (72) comprise:
• Flexible tubular diameter "øDplug" whose characteristics and/or functions are:

• o Settle into the diameter øD of the vertical channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155) to ensure interference mounting;
• o Allow the adhering material to pass through it;
• o Angle of exit in the inner diameter of the tube to allow its removal after curing of the adhering material, if it has not been removed before curing, for some reason;
• o The "øDplug" diameter must be set/calibrated for proper fit, without ejecting due to the pressure of the adhering material.

• Calibrated "øDhole" whose characteristics and/or functions are:

• o Calibrate the outlet of air and adhering material in order to release air from the channels, avoiding the presence of voids and ensuring a necessary pressure of adhering material inside the channels, in addition to facilitating the visualization of the filling of the channels through the overflow of the material adherent;
• o The hole diameter "øDhole" must be defined/calibrated according to the type of adhering material and specific tests.

• Head and neck whose characteristics and/or functions are:

• o Easy assembly and disassembly, as if they were a nail handled with a hammer;
• o Secondary role, not mandatory.

Joint locking device Elastic pin (73)

[589] The elastic pin (73) must be used in the case of the dry pre-assembly variant with locked adhesion joints.

[590] The characteristic design of the device for mounting the product comprises elastic pins (73) with means for locking the adhesion joints (107) by interference fit in the channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155, 157, 158) and means for allowing adhering material to pass therethrough. In other words, it comprises elastic pins (73) with means to lock the transverse/transverse adhesion joints, in the case of walls and beams, and to lock the lower/upper adhesion joints, in the case of columns, all by fitting with interference, in addition to allowing the adhering material to pass through it

[591] Represented in Fig. 142, the elastic pin (73) comprises the form of a tube with a flexible diameter øDpin, whose purposes are to accommodate the diameter øD of the channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155, 157, 158) and allow the passage of the adhering material through it

[592] The elastic pin (73) may comprise chamfers at the ends and/or a through longitudinal slot, a shape typically used for elastic pins for mechanical construction, as a constructive variant.

• o Acomodar-se no diâmetro øD dos canais (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155, 157, 158) para garantir montagem por interferência, ou seja, adaptar-se às tolerâncias dimensionais e geométricas dos diâmetros dos canais, motivo pelos quais são denominados de pinos elásticos;
• o Permitir a passagem do material aderente através dele;
• o Travar os blocos da mesma fiada horizontal e, consequentemente, estabilizar a folga de montagem entre eles pressionando-os e fixando-os uns contra os outros, na ocasião da montagem descrita à partir do parágrafo-[565] -;
• o Consequentemente, irão ajustar o prumo e o alinhamento das fiadas horizontais dos blocos, visto que eles "puxam" os blocos para o centro dos diâmetros øD que estão muito bem tolerados conforme definido no parágrafo-[554] -;
• o Montagem simples e rápida, abrangendo montagem por martelamento;
• o Observar que o pino montado não pode ficar nem um pouco saliente à superfície de modo a interferir na montagem do bloco posterior acima;
• o Não removível a não ser que a parede precise ser refeita, portanto, caso necessário ou vantajoso, pode ser projetado para adicionar alguma melhoria estrutural na parede;

[593] The elastic pins (73) comprise:
• Flexible tubular diameter "øDpin" whose characteristics and/or functions are:

• o Accommodate the øD diameter of the channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155, 157, 158) to ensure interference mounting, that is, adapt to the dimensional and geometric tolerances of the channel diameters, which is why which are called elastic pins;
• o Allow the adhering material to pass through it;
• o Lock the blocks of the same horizontal row and, consequently, stabilize the assembly gap between them by pressing them and fixing them against each other, during the assembly described from paragraph-[565] -;
• o Consequently, they will adjust the plumb and alignment of the horizontal rows of the blocks, as they "pull" the blocks towards the center of the diameters øD which are very well tolerated as defined in paragraph-[554] -;
• o Simple and fast assembly, covering assembly by hammering;
• o Note that the mounted pin must not protrude even slightly from the surface in order to interfere with the mounting of the rear block above;
• o Non-removable unless the wall needs to be redone, so if necessary or advantageous it can be designed to add some structural improvement to the wall;

PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING BLOCKS Introduction

[594] This invention features a new design of blocks with much tighter tolerances, so that new manufacturing processes may emerge to meet this novelty.

[595] One consideration that can be made is that currently the blocks are neither dimensionally nor geometrically adjusted after the molding and curing process.

[596] To guarantee the new dimensional and geometric quality required, this process needs to be improved a lot or else be complemented with another process.

[597] In mechanical engineering, a possible product of analogy is castings that normally have allowance in some regions, or in other words, are not cast with all finished dimensions. They normally undergo a machining operation to finalize dimensions that require greater precision and/or better surface finish.

[598] In the case of blocks, by analogy, it may be necessary, or more advantageous, to undergo a “machining” process to obtain the final dimensions within the specified tolerances.

Invention

[599] Refers to a patent for the invention of a manufacturing process comprising the family of hollow blocks that comprises the traditional molding and curing process, but comprises allowance to be removed by machining operation at least on the surfaces of the adhesion faces ( 107) and channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155, 157, 158).

PREFERRED CHOICES hollow blocks

[600] Due to the large number of solution options, all necessary to optimize the schedule and manpower, and industrialize the civil construction, to the point of assembling the lego at the work, it becomes extremely important to prefer some options of construction. block dimensions, which are many according to NBR 6136 and NBR 15270 standards.

[601] The most obvious preferential choice is for the modular hollow blocks, as they present the positive characteristics presented in paragraph-[011] -, and also, preferably the structural ones.

[602] Regarding the width, it makes sense to prefer the most used ones, that is, 150 mm and 200 mm. For small partitions, such as bathrooms, the 100 mm one is also widely used, in combination with the other two above.

[603] Regarding length, the preference is 400 mm, with half-block lashing.

[604] Preference for longitudinal and transverse internal walls with "E" thickness and external transverse walls with "E/2" thickness.

[605] Preference, in the calculation to compression of blocks, for alternative 2.

massive blocks

[606] Regarding solid blocks, the choice is for blocks of density ≤ 650 kg/m3, which can be used preferably in secondary walls that normally would not need a structural function or protection against the weather, such as partitions, closets, drywall , etc

Blocks for mooring "V"

[607] Preference for "n" values: 6 and 8.

"F" values

[608] Preference for "F" values: from 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm.

Channels

[609] Channel preference for injection of adherent material with half circular section profile.

[610] Preferred channel mounted with dimensions ≤ 10 mm, or as small as possible as defined by the manufacturer of the bonded material.

[611] Preference for the upper faces of blocks without channels for injection of adherent material, favoring the lower face.

[612] Preference for the longitudinal faces of blocks without channels for injection of adherent material, favoring the transverse faces, preferably on both faces.

Claims (12)

GROUP OF BLOCKS TO BE ADHERED IN BATCH comprising: massive BLOCKS, for walls, preferably those with densities ≤ 650 kg/m3, comprising the integer shapes (1, 1f, V1, V1b, V2, V2c, V3, V4, V5, V6 ), fractional (2, 2f, 2v, 3, 3f, 4, 4f) and compensators (5, 5f, 5v, 6, 6f, 7, 8); Hollow BLOCKS, for walls, comprising whole shapes (10, 10f, V11, V11b, V11c, V12, V12d, V13, V14, V15, V16, V17), fractional (11, 11f, 11p), "V" lashings ( 12d, 12e), compensators (13, 14, 15A, 15B), "I" lashings (16, 18), "L" lashings (18) and "T" and/or "X" lashings (19); BLOCKS "U" channels, for walls, comprising the shapes whole (20), fractional (21, 21a, 21f), compensators (25A, 25B), "X" lashings (27), "L" lashings (28d, 28e) and "T" lashings (29, 29f); BLOCKS channels "J", for walls, comprising the forms whole (30), fractional (31, 31a), compensators (35A, 35B), lashings "L" (38d, 38e) and mooring "T" (39); BLOCKS channels "Ur", for walls, comprising the forms whole (40), fractional (41, 41a), compensators (45A, 45B), "L" lashings (48d, 48e), "T" lashing (49) and lashing "X" (49x); BLOCKS "Uv" channels, for beams, comprising integral shapes (50, 50a), compensators (55A, 55B), "I" (56) and "X" (57) anchorages; BLOCKS "O" rings, for columns, comprising the shapes whole square (61), compensating square (61f), whole rectangular (62), compensating rectangular (62f), whole round (63), compensating round (63f), circular- integral oblong (64) and compensating circular-oblong (64f); to be adhered in batch by injection of adhering material (106) after dry pre-assembly, characterized in that they comprise external faces with means to be adhered in batch by injection of adhering material (106) only in the adhesion joints (107). Group of blocks to be joined in batch, according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for the external faces to be joined in batch comprise adhesion joints (107). Group of blocks to be joined in batch, according to claim 2, characterized in that the adhesion joints (107) comprise channels (121 to 158) comprising the following characteristic rules: rule 1: section of the assembled channels: the assembled channels ( 171 to 185) must respect the minimum and maximum dimensions of thickness of the adhering material defined by the manufacturers, and preferably the minimum dimension, or the closest to it, should be chosen, with values ≤ 10 mm being preferred; the channels must comprise the geometric shape that respects the conditions of the manufacturer of the adhering material and fulfill the function required for its operation, and the sections derived from the circular shape (A1, A2) are preferred, including the circular-oblong section ( B1, B2, C1, C2); rule 2: channel interconnection: all channels, from the same wall or lot, must be interconnected, from the entry points to the exit points of the injected adherent material; in the junctions of different walls, type longitudinal and transversal walls, the channels do not need to be interconnected; rule 3: adhesion joints in general: each adhesion joint must comprise channels on at least one of the faces of said pair; rule 4: longitudinal/transverse adhesion joint: for this adhesion joint, the transverse face must be preferred to comprise channels, however, both faces may comprise channels; rule 5: transverse/transverse adhesion joint: for this adhesion joint, at least one of the transverse faces must comprise channels, however, both faces may comprise channels; rule 6: lower/upper adhesion joint: for this adhesion joint, the lower face should be preferred to comprise channels, however, both faces may comprise channels; rule 7: sealing the edges: the channels must seal the external and internal surfaces of the walls of the buildings, very close to the edges of the infiltration faces in the assembled blocks; rule 8: typical location of channels on the underside: rule 8a: for the family of hollow blocks for walls, considering rules 6 and 7, the channels, if any, must be located on or close to the centerlines of the projections the thickness of the vertical walls of the normal blocks below, considering the pre-assembled walls; rule 8b: for blocks located in the middle of the wall, considering rules 6 and 7, the lower face of the block, when applicable, must comprise at least two hollow horizontal longitudinal channels (121) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the face bottom; this rule is typical for variant blocks (V1 to V17), for solid blocks (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) and for hollow wall blocks (10, 11, 11p, 15A, 15B, 19 , 20, 21, 21a, 25A, 25B, 27, 29, 30, 31, 31a, 35A, 35B, 39, 40, 41, 41a, 45A, 45B, 49, 49x); complementing rule 8b, the underside of the block, when applicable, may optionally comprise an unhollowed horizontal transverse channel (129) away from the transverse faces located on the underside and two unhollowed horizontal transverse half-channels (130) each being located at each transverse corner of the underside; rule 8c: for terminal blocks in the horizontal direction, considering rules 6 and 7, the lower face of the block, when applicable, must comprise at least two semi-hollowed horizontal longitudinal channels (122) being each located on each longitudinal edge of the underside interconnected by an unhollowed horizontal transverse channel (128) located at the terminal edge of the underside; this rule is typical for solid blocks (1f, 2f, 3f, 4f, 5f) and for hollow wall blocks (10f, 11f, 18); rule 8d: for blocks for mooring "L", considering rules 6 and 7, the lower face of the block, when applicable, must comprise at least one hollow horizontal longitudinal channel (121a) located on only one of the longitudinal edges of the lower face , a half-hollow horizontal longitudinal channel (122a) located at one of the longitudinal edges of the lower face, a semi-hollow horizontal transverse channel (127c) located at the transverse terminal edge of the lower face; this rule is typical for blocks (28d, 28e, 38d, 38e, 48d, 48e); rules 8a, 8b, 8c and 8d also apply to the upper faces, when applicable, and the reference signals of the channels (121, 122, 128, 129, 130) must be replaced by (131, 132, 138, 139 , 140) respectively and, the hollow wall blocks (13, 14) must be included in the list of blocks with channels (131), in addition, the phrase "from the projections of the vertical wall thicknesses of the normal blocks below" must be replaced by the phrase "from the projections of the thicknesses of the vertical walls of the tenth normal blocks"; optionally, shear channels (161) may be inserted on this face; rule 8e: for column blocks, considering rules 6 and 7, the lower face of the block must comprise at least one closed horizontal channel (153) located in the thickness of the external wall of the block, on the lower face, in addition to two horizontal channels to the diagonally opposed nozzle of the injection device (157) located in the symmetry line of the lower face; this rule is typical for blocks (61, 61f, 62, 62f, 63, 63f); rule 8e also applies to the upper faces, when applicable, and the reference signals of the channels (153, 157) shall be substituted for (154, 158) respectively; rule 9: typical location of channels on the transverse face: rule 9a: for the family of hollow blocks for walls and beams, considering rules 5 and 7, the channels must be located on, or close to, the centerlines of the thickness projections of the vertical longitudinal walls of the adjacent normal blocks, considering the pre-assembled wall or beam; rule 9b: for blocks located in the middle of the wall, considering rules 5 and 7, the transverse face of the block, when applicable, must comprise at least two hollow vertical longitudinal channels (141) being each located on each vertical edge of the face transversal; this rule is typical for variant blocks (V1 to V17), for solid blocks (1, 1f, 2, 2f, 3, 3f, 4, 4f, 5, 5f, 6, 6f) and for hollow wall blocks (10, 10f, 11, 11f, 11p, 15A, 15B, 18, 19, 20, 21, 21a, 25A, 25B, 27, 28d, 28e, 29, 30, 31, 31a, 35A, 35B, 38d, 38e , 39, 40, 41, 41a, 45A, 45B, 48d, 48e, 49, 49x); rule 9c: for terminal blocks in the vertical direction, considering rules 5 and 7, the transverse face of the block, when applicable, must comprise at least two semi-hollowed vertical longitudinal channels (143) being each located on each vertical edge of the transverse face interconnected by an unhollowed horizontal transverse channel (144) located at the terminal edge of the transverse face; this rule is typical for solid blocks (2v, 5v, 7, 8), for hollow wall blocks (13, 14, 21f, 29f) and for beam blocks (50, 50a, 55A, 55B, 57) ; complementing rules 9b and 9c, the transverse face of the block, where applicable, may optionally comprise the vertical channels for the nozzle of the injection device (155). Group of blocks to be joined in batch, according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for the external faces of the blocks to be joined in batch comprise dimensional and geometric tolerances with means to guarantee the operation of the dry pre-assembly and the injection of the adherent material. Group of blocks to be joined in batch, according to claim 4, characterized in that the dimensional and geometric tolerances comprise that: the lower face of the block, defined by datum A, must have a flatness tolerance value less than or equal to 0 .5 mm preferably, and, optionally, this value may be up to "F/2"; the longitudinal, transversal and superior external surfaces of the blocks, in the regions of the adhesion joints (107), must never exceed the theoretical external shape of the blocks, in addition, said dimensions must be from 0 mm to "F/2" smaller than that the theoretical external form of the blocks; the value of "F/2" being equal to half the value of "F", the values of "F" shall be 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 2, 5 mm, 3.0 mm, 3.5 mm, 4.0 mm, 4.5 mm and 5.0 mm, with values from 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm being preferred; and also understand that for the vertical channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155) the value of the hole position tolerance øD should preferably be ø0.5 mm in relation to the theoretical faces of the block, being the longitudinal ones defined by datum B and the transversals defined by datum C, and also, it being defined that the value of the dimension tolerance of the hole diameter øD should preferably be ± 0.5 mm, and, optionally, the values of said tolerances may be up to ø2.5 mm for said position and up to ± 2.5 mm for said dimension; and also understand that the horizontal channels (157, 158) of the column blocks must have the same tolerances as the vertical channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155). Group of blocks to be joined in batch, according to claim 1, characterized in that they comprise the final finish of the wall to be assembled, including background and finishing painting, textures, waterproofed surfaces, tiled or with applications that can give smooth faces similar, including finishes that can be industrialized in the blocks at the time of manufacture. Process for assembling the product defined in claim 1, comprising as step 1 the dry pre-assembly of a batch of blocks, and as step 2 the adhesion of the batch blocks by injection of adherent material (106), characterized in that it comprises in step 1 the dry pre-assembly with the adhesion joints (107) free, and for comprising in step 2 the injection of adherent material (106) only in the adhesion joints (107). Process for assembling the product defined in claim 7, characterized in that the free adhesion joints (107) comprise dry pre-assembly only with overlapping and juxtaposed blocks freely, and with the wall stabilized only by the blocks' own weight. Process for assembling the product defined in claim 1, comprising as step 1 the dry pre-assembly of a batch of blocks, and as step 2 the adhesion of the batch blocks by injection of adherent material (106), characterized in that it comprises in step 1 the dry pre-assembly with adhesion joints (107) locked by elastic pins (73) mounted by interference in the channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155, 157, 158), and to be understood in step 2 to injection of adherent material (106) only in the adhesion joints (107); this claim being a process variant for assembly. Device for the assembly process defined in claim 9, characterized in that the elastic pins (73) comprise means for locking the adhesion joints (107) by interference fit in the channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155, 157). , 158) and means for allowing adhering material to pass therethrough. Device for the assembly process defined in claims 7 and 9, characterized in that it comprises plugs (71) and half-plugs (72) with means for calibrating the output of air and adherent material from the channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152). , 155, 157, 158) and means for locking the adhesion joints (107) by interference fit in said channels. Process for manufacturing the product defined in claim 1, comprising the family of hollow blocks, which comprises the traditional molding and curing process, characterized by comprising allowance to be removed by machining operation at least on the surfaces of the adhesion faces (107) and on channels (141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 155, 157, 158).

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