BR102013025541B1 - GRAIN PLANTER AND DEVICE FOR DISTRIBUTION OF SEEDS AND FERTILIZERS - Google Patents

Abstract

grain planter and dosing and distribution device for seeds and fertilizers. the present patent application was addressed to a grain planter with a uniform and geometrically regular dosing and distribution device for seeds and / or fertilizers. where the rotational rotation of the wheelset (5), mounted on the hub (6) fixed by unidirectional control devices (7), connected to the flexible elastic drive shaft (8), transmits the driving force received in a controlled way to the control box of speeds (9), containing two unidirectional control devices (10), for activating the dosing system (13). the lower support arms (20) are connected to the upper anchoring support (17), using articulating plates (23). and the difference in vertical height between support arms (26), and the lower support arms (20) in relation to the ground, be adjusted by means of the cartridge spindle (28), of the rear wheels (29) mounted on its bearing, and guided on the pendulum axis (30).

Description

“GRAIN PLANTER AND DEVICE AND DISTRIBUTION OF SEEDS AND FERTILIZERS”.

The present patent application aims at a grain planter, with a dosing device and uniform and geometrically regular distribution of seeds and / or fertilizers.

Its production will be in charge of the mechanical industry of machines, agricultural implements, seeders that deposit seeds in rows, grain planters, including seed dosers, fertilizers, fertilizers, among others, to be used directly in agriculture when planting or fertilizing the soil.

Currently, it is observed that the current equipment and systems of distribution and dosage of seeds in conventional planters, carry out the dosage and distribution of seeds by gravity and use a horizontal rotary honeycomb for dosing and distributing seeds, fertilizers.

Another way used is the system called pneumatic or vacuum, which uses air suction, composed of a rotating disk also hollow vertical rotating, however due to the suction of air the seed is suspended before falling by gravity.

In turn, the honeycomb disk is a perforated disk with diameters that vary, according to the size of the seeds and grains to be planted, and the number of holes that also vary according to the amount of grains to be distributed in the soil.

Currently despite the efforts presented, and all the digital software and hardware technology applied to the precise control of seed dosing, much still needs to be innovated, as the failures in the planting of seeds are very common, being only noticed after the crop is germinating, and there is no time left to correct the problem.

This problem ranges from the uneven variation in seed planting depth, failure and lack of seed deposition, duplication deposition, failure and large variation coefficients in the required distance, among other problems. The result of this sum of problems is the reduction

2/25 of the production and quantity of grains per hectare, generating large losses for the farmer.

Solutions to the problem of adequate and uniform seed spacing in the furrow in order to maximize crop yield, are even proposed to try to solve the problem. However, current seed dispensers / dosers are not able to regularly align and space seeds. These differences in planting accuracy are due to variations in the vertical movement and vertical acceleration of the planter resulting from bumps and jolts caused by variations in soil topography. Sudden changes in the vertical position or vertical acceleration affect the uniformity of seed spacing in the furrow due to variations in the initial vertical speed when the seed dispenser is discharged. In this way the seeds fall at different speeds through the seed conducting tube and the spacing between adjacent seeds is affected with variations more and less in relation to the desired.

For example, when the seed dispenser moves upward and a seed is released from the seed selector mechanism, the initial vertical seed speed relative to the soil will be less than the initial seed speed released when the seed dispenser is stationary or moves down.

This difference in initial vertical speed results in a difference in the amount of time it takes for the seed to fall through the seed conducting tube towards the furrow in the soil, which will therefore result in deviations and variations in the seed spacing in the furrow. .

The problem of the technique currently presented above, fails to reduce the proportion of vertical acceleration experienced by the seed dispenser and to minimize variations in initial vertical speed between seeds when the seed dispenser is unloaded.

As it is easily verified the planting equipment and the devices designated as distributors and dosers of seeds, fertilizers and fertilizers, present several characteristics that do not allow the regular control of rotation, speed and torque to perform this function.

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In this way, as it is observed in the plantations, the geometrically regular distribution consists of regularly distributing the seeds in the soil in a certain planting furrow and in another planting furrow also to distribute regularly, however the seeds of a row coincide with the interval between the seeds of another line and so for all lines.

It is known that an irregular distribution of seeds in the soil with high coefficients of variation in this distribution substantially decreases productivity in the crop, in addition to causing physical-chemical problems in the soil for subsequent harvests.

The geometrically regular distribution of the seeds in the furrows allows an increase in the productivity of the crop and improvement of the physical-chemical conditions of the soil for the subsequent harvests if compared to the irregular distribution.

The regular spacing of the seed means that the plants do not compete with each other for nutrients, as each one occupies its space determined by the planter in the soil.

Also the regular distribution makes the plants produce more regularly and the productivity therefore increases significantly as well as the quality of the grain produced.

The irregular distribution of the seed, in addition to reducing productivity, causes an excessive increase in inputs and seeds at planting.

Seeking to solve the problems of regular distribution and dosage of fertilizer seeds described above, it is that the author, seeking to increase productivity and reduce costs in agriculture, elaborated the present invention which has as its object a planter that makes use of control devices unidirectional transmission movements to drive seed, manure and fertilizer feeders and dispensers.

The dosing and distribution system for seeds, manure and fertilizers object of the present invention was developed to provide a lower energy expenditure in the operation of planting grains and seeds in agriculture, a solution for factors that directly imply issues related to the environment, such as: less atmospheric emissions, preventing

4/25 xication and death of small animals that ingest seeds that remain on the soil surface. That is, provide regular spacing of seeds in the soil and allow it to be possible to carry out so-called precision agriculture, meeting economic issues related to the farmer, cost / benefit related to the equipment, precision in planting, quality of the grain produced and greater productivity and yield in the harvest.

The planter that uses the unidirectional control devices of the transmission movements to activate the dosers and distributors of seeds, fertilizers and fertilizers allows the control of the torque and rotation in a unidirectional way, bringing benefits to each of the main problems presented in the current dosing and distribution systems of existing fertilizers, among which we can mention: Mechanical aggression with the breaking of seeds or peeling of seeds; seed duplicity; lack of seeds in the holes of the honeycomb disk; swing oscillation and rotation variation; increased traction load; decreased traction load; lack of synchronism; ostentatious maintenance; propensity to break the drive system; displacement speed of planting equipment; dosage and irregular spacing of seeds in the soil, that is, irregular distribution of seeds in the soil.

The author was able to solve the movement control and maintenance of the rotation in the activation of the seed, fertilizer and fertilizer doser, both in the ascents and in the descents (bumps and depressions in the soil), through the advance of the rotation of the drive in the ascents and delay of the rotation of the drive in the descents, so that it keeps the seed drop point regular.

We can highlight that one of the problems of failure in planting is the mechanical aggression suffered by the seed in its breaking or debarking, due to the retreat of the movement of the drive system of the seed doser. This is due to the fact that the drive systems used for dosing seeds to the ground, such as cardan, chains, spies and gears, and in these systems, it is not possible to avoid the setback caused by the movements of up and down planting lines due to variations of to

5/25 pography and soil irregularities. There is no control of the drive movement, it is free in both possible directions of rotation.

Advantageously, the object required here by the author, incorporates the unidirectional control of the movement of the dosers and distributors of seeds, manure and fertilizers and presents the solution to all the problems listed above.

This unidirectional control system for the movement of the dosers and distributors of seeds, fertilizers and fertilizers, required here to function in the planter, eliminates the possibility of the movement of retreat (delay), as it is controlled making it not to have indentation. This does not cause damage or break and / or peeling to the seeds, ensuring regular distribution in the planting furrow and preserving its natural state thus guaranteeing its germination.

Seed breakage and / or debarking are similar problems that can result in losses of up to 25% in crop productivity.

As for the seed duplicity problem, it is caused in the current technique by the acceleration suffered by the seed metering drive system, due to the movements of up and down of the planting lines due to variations in topography and soil irregularities. This phenomenon causes an increase in the speed of the seed dosing system, thus having a faster drop of seeds in the soil and providing duplicate dosed seeds. In some cases, this is very excessive, with up to five seeds falling at the same time.

This grouping of seeds in the furrow planted in the soil, causes loss of productivity due to competition for nutrients between adjacent plants.

In the part where the seed is not deposited there will be no plant development and the physical-chemical condition of the soil will be deficient causing problems of germination and plant development in the following harvests.

This problem of duplicity of seeds is solved in agricultural equipment (planters) that incorporate unidirectional control6 / 25 nal of the movement of the dosers and distributors of seeds, fertilizers and fertilizers. Also in relation to seed duplicity, how the advances and retreats are controlled, and the transmission of torque and rotation between the motor points and the point moved in this case, the seed dosing disk works in a constant and integral way, without losses of independent rotation. the position to which the driven part moves, either horizontally or vertically or transverse and pendular positions, thus there is no duplication of seeds.

The problem of lack of seeds due to the effect of the empty camera on the honeycomb disk, that is, lack of seeds in the holes in the honeycomb disk, generates duplication of seeds or more seeds in a location in the planting furrow and causes the lack of seed in another location of this groove, since, if the movement is accelerated, there will be a greater fall, and if the movement is slowed, there will be a smaller fall or even the lack of seed, thus resulting in a greater distance between them. This process causes loss of productivity, since in one stretch of the furrow it accumulates seeds and in another it lacks, in addition to unnecessary expenses of fertilizers and fertilizers.

We can also mention that when there is duplicity of seeds deposited in the soil, and due to the competition for nutrients between adjacent plants, the quality of the grain produced is much lower than that of a single plant and the quantity of grain as a consequence is also much lower.

In response to this problem, the unidirectional control of the movement of the dosers and distributors of seeds, fertilizers and fertilizers is presented by the author as the solution. Since there is no recoil because the advances and recoils are controlled, and the transmission of torque and rotation between the motor points and the point moved, in this case the seed dosing disc is integral and constant, regardless of the position to which it moves. triggered part, either horizontal or vertical or transverse and pendular positions and there will be no empty camera or “lack of seed”.

Another problem mentioned above and solved here is described as the swing oscillation and rotation variation. Where mechanical aggression fell

7/25 output due to swing oscillation and rotation variation is very large in the existing conventional seed metering drive systems.

There are several drive systems for the seed doser and among them, the main ones are due to a chain that does not obtain satisfactory operation in the movement of the seed doser. It is necessary to add a mechanism called a tensioner that has the function of keeping the chain tensioned in the face of the up and down movement of the planting line. The movement is guaranteed by the stretcher allowing the chain to stay in the working position, but it causes acceleration and deceleration of the seed doser.

The systems driven by cardan shaft, when in angular movements of up and down the line, cause intermittent accelerations and decelerations and require an increase in torque and cause a very large aggression to the seed dosing system.

The spying-type steel cable drive shaft system causes a lack of rigidity like a turning body and makes the system deficient causing continuous accelerations and decelerations. The fatigue break factor of the spy material, due to its construction system, is very high. When the spy breaks, the dispenser stops working and causes problems with lack of seeds in the soil.

The construction system of the spy is not rigid and causes performance problems for the seed dispenser, in addition to breaking easily.

It is also noteworthy that the drive axes that use the “spy” as the turning body, cause the turning torque to cause an elasticity by making simultaneous, continuous and / or intermittent accelerations and decelerations, that is, when the equipment undergoes a very high torque, this torque received by this movement ends up deforming this “spy” body causing the effect of accelerating and decelerating the transmission movement. This torque effect is susceptible to cause the “spy” to break, as its constructive form was not developed to perform hourly and anti-clockwise turns, nor for low speeds of rotation.

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The planter object of patent application requested here is endowed with unidirectional control of the movement of the seed, fertilizer and fertilizer dosers and distributors, as will be described below in this report where all the rotation generated by the equipment is controlled, accepted and answered , so that there are no variations and oscillations, since its construction was designed to dissipate and dampen the vibrations caused by the equipment's friction with the ground. And at the same time that it allows the integral transmission of the torque without loss of the mechanical force, and variation of the rotation, overcoming the existing obstacles between the generating point of driving force and the receiving point of the force, in this case the distributor disk and fertilizer seeds.

The association of stretchers in the drive chains of the planting line, in a conventional system, causes a considerable increase in torque and peak torque in the system during the seed dosing operation. These variations are caused by the rising and falling of the planting line due to irregularities and topography of the soil.

The current systems require very high torques, therefore they cannot be measured due to the high loads when working in overcoming obstacles, ascending and descending, bumps, causing an increase and reduction of load and torques due to the topography of the soil.

Observing the current circumstance, the inventor developed this equipment (planter) to overcome these variations, since the equipment when working needs at least 0.1 kg of torque to be activated, maintaining its constant and integral rotation without increases in traction load. transmitted to the seed dispenser.

In conventional models, the increase and decrease of the traction load in the current drive systems, generates a variation of rotation and torque in the seed doser, resulting in an irregular distribution of them in the soil. In some stretches there is a cluster of seeds and in other stretches there is a lack of seeds in the soil.

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It is known that this irregular distribution substantially alters the variation coefficient between seeds distributed in the soil, greatly reducing crop productivity.

The system used in the planter object of the invention has a low energy consumption due to the low torque required due to its constructive form. There are no variations in torque, as the system neutralizes the effects of peak torque generated when the doser rises and falls in relation to the ground.

In the current technique, the variation in distance between points in the pantographic system of the planting line means that there is no synchronization of speed and rotation. In other words, the regulation of speed and rotation of activation of the seed doser is impossible due to the vertical displacement of the entire system that it provides and allows setbacks due to its applied drive systems.

This problem is solved with the application of unidirectional control of the drive movement of the seed, fertilizer and fertilizer feeders and spreaders applied in the planter required here, since the variation is neutralized, because the drive acts directly on the feeder drive gear of seeds by the incorporation of a device that avoids the setback and delay.

Thus, the synchronization of the transmission is precise due to the constructive form of the equipment, which allows the integral transmission of the movement, without loss of mechanical strength and variation of rotation, no matter what obstacles exist between the generating point of driving force and the receiving point. of force, in this case the seed dosing disc.

All state-of-the-art systems tend to be rigorously and ostensibly maintained, as the distributor must operate in a constant manner. Maintenance is periodic, annual and sometimes more than once a year, thus increasing the cost to the farmer.

Current conventional drive systems, which involve chains and gears and also cardan shaft, do not allow lubrication

10/25 appropriate meaning that in practically all harvests a good part of the parts of the drive system must be changed.

Advantageously, with the application of unidirectional control of the drive movement of the seed, fertilizer and fertilizer feeders and distributors applied in the present invention required here, maintenance is extremely reduced, as the transmission system applied in this planter is shielded, protected against the weather and with much less moving parts, thus guaranteeing many harvests in operation with increased life of the drive system, without the need for constant maintenance.

The construction of the planter was designed so that the maintenance on the field by the farmer tends to be rare due to its components obeying construction standards that have a fully armored system, guaranteeing a long life and increased by not requiring periodic maintenance.

Its supports were designed to obtain a significant gain in the attack on the ground for the effectiveness of the equipment's performance, causing the aggressions suffered by the equipment in this phenomenon to be dissipated, dampened, attenuated, thus maintaining its constancy of torque and rotation.

The use of springs and tensioning assemblies for their support in front of the ground in this system is absent, since its three-dimensional form of action makes them without effects, this is justified by its side armored oil damper that serves to attenuate bumps in steep terrains. and bumpy.

The conventional equipment currently used and known as distributors, seed and fertilizer feeders suffer very sudden aggressions due to their applications in broken terrains such as, ditches, murundus, contour lines, armadillo dens, “rough terrain”, and uneven terrain. One of the biggest problems for direct planting is called cattle trampling, which is the compaction caused during the period when the cattle are in a certain area.

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Due to these typical soil conditions, striking up and down the planting line is inevitable with each passing through these irregularities. All the phenomena of variation and vibration happen causing all problems of regularity in the distribution and dosage of seeds, breaks in the drive systems, generating significant losses for farmers, resulting in increased maintenance costs, replanting costs, seed consumption and decrease productivity.

The conventional “planter” equipment for dosing and distributing seeds, in comparison with the planter object of the present invention, is deficient in its application and the functioning depends on a series of factors and components for its use. The application of springs is necessary to keep the system in contact with the ground and maintain the functioning of the dosing drive chains. These springs cause a significant increase in the stroke of the dosing and distribution system during operation in the field, thus increasing the breakage rates of the systems.

As for the planter according to the invention required here, it includes unidirectional control of the movement of the dosers and distributors of seeds, fertilizers and fertilizers. The propensity to break the system tends to zero, since the construction was made to overcome and neutralize the problems of torque variations, rotation variations and vibrations generated in the crop during planting.

Unlike conventional seed dosing and distribution equipment, in a comparison with the planter object of the present invention, it is not necessary to apply springs to keep the system in contact with the soil and maintain the functioning of the seed metering drive, reducing thus the strikes of the seed dosing system during the operation and the break of the system tends to zero.

Agricultural equipment including unidirectional control of the movement of the seed, fertilizer and fertilizer feeders and distributors has a life expectancy of many crops, as the system does not suffer the problems that generate breaks in the current systems, or

12/25 that is, the farmer's investment returns in much shorter periods and he will have many crops as a benefit.

Planting equipment called a planter or seeder does not move by itself, it depends on a tractor to be pulled. Displacement speeds of equipment during planting range from 2 km / h to 9.4 km / h. This speed is a very big barrier in relation to the time for planting. Overcoming this barrier is a serious problem in the current technique. This occurs due to the use of chains and tensioners in the system, the weight of the current lines and excessive turning of earth and other aggressors such as the existing springs.

The “planter” equipment that incorporates unidirectional control of the movement of the seed, fertilizer and fertilizer feeders and distributors applied in the present invention, allows much higher speeds, as it is known that the equipment of the current state of the art, when exceeding the limit 9.4 km / h tend to break the chains of the drive system of the fertilizer and fertilizer seed distributors. Studies carried out by institutes and researchers show that as the speed of planting equipment in the current state of the art is increased, the amount of non-germinated seeds increases with this increase in speed. These studies demonstrate that in an area of one hectare the ideal population of seeds, for example maize, should be 60 thousand feet. The equipment observed in the current state of the art depends on several factors to achieve a satisfactory distribution. Researchers report that the existing equipment today is inefficient in terms of distribution, as it does not reach the desired coefficients of variation due to its constructive design.

In the research it was found that planting equipment with average speeds of 5 km / h reached a germination rate of 55 thousand feet. This same equipment at a speed of 10 Km / h, the amount of germinated seeds reduces to 47 thousand, thus demonstrating a high index of non-germinated plants, confirming the above-mentioned report confirming the reduction

13/25 crop productivity by increasing the planter's travel speed in the planting operation.

The travel speed of the agricultural equipment that incorporates the said unidirectional control of the transmission movement allows a speed of up to 24.5 km / h. The equipment of the present invention, due to its constructive form, not observed in the state of the art, has as main characteristic not to vary the fall of seeds in the soil due to its advance adjustments and the control over the movement, making it possible in one hectare. distributed 60 thousand feet, for example corn. This movement is controlled in real time according to the topography of the terrain, so the equipment allows to operate with higher planting speeds and reduce the times of this planting.

We also approach that in the current technique there are two types of anchoring systems for seed and joint feeders applied to planters in the market: pivoted system and the pantographic system.

The pivoted system has a rigid shaft in its body and 45 ° gears at its ends that are responsible for triggering the rotation of the seed dispenser. Its upward and downward displacement is characterized by a rigid axis that in its surroundings receives two springs inside each other that when receiving upward and downward pressure, understanding and bumps function as a lever system thus maintaining pressure and line contact against the ground. The pantographic system works in vertical displacements joined by four predetermined points.

The drive systems for the seed dispenser are variable depending on each application, and can be, by chains, belts, cardans, spies or electric. The current pantographic system in use also requires the application of springs to keep the line pressed against the ground and allow the operation of the seed metering drive systems.

The pantographic system of the present invention operates inverted with a negative angle and without springs, so that by its constructive form it facilitates the attack and liming of the line in the soil when moving the planter in the grain planting operation.

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In order to correct the problems of the current planting systems, observed in the state of the art, the present planter was developed which, in addition to all the characteristics and solutions presented for the main problems existing in the dosage and distribution of seeds in the soil, also has the following additional characteristics: Reduction of components for the drive system of the fertilizer and fertilizer seed doser; and armored seed metering drive system without the need for lubrication and periodic maintenance.

The present patent application for the planter has coupled in its pantographic articulation system, a vertical armored oil damping device that has the purpose of smoothing the blows, bumps, vibrations and shocks caused by irregularities and rugged topographies of the soils, contour lines, murundus, cattle trampling and others. This system contributes to improving the quality and precision of seed distribution in the soil, reducing the coefficient of variation of this distribution to levels close to zero.

The planter object of the present invention incorporates a fine adjustment system to control the depth of the seed to be deposited in the soil furrow. This system allows you to adjust the depth to deposit the seed according to the moisture conditions that the soil presents at the time of planting. The fine control of the depth combined with the vibration damping system, allows a regularity of the seed distribution depth, making the germination uniform, that is, all the seeds planted germinate on the same day, or within a few hours of each other. another.

It is known that regular germination of all seeds translates into increased productivity in agricultural production and improved quality of the grains produced.

Recent research describes that the coupling mode of the seed metering system in this planter is characterized by a shorter distance between the drop point of the seed from the doser to the furrow opening disc than the existing systems. This height difference

15/25 in the planter described here, it can reach up to 20% lower than the current systems in use in the market.

This system of activation of the armored seed doser without the need for lubrication and periodic maintenance was extremely efficient in the tests performed.

The activation of the seed dosing system in this planter is carried out in a controlled manner, which always maintains the rotation without delay, it is obtained due to the application of the unidirectional control equipment of the movement of the dosers and distributors of seeds, fertilizers and fertilizers.

The constructive form of the present planter makes it possible to adapt its dosing and distribution system for fertilizer and fertilizer seeds in any planter and the coupling in any planter model available on the market.

Most of the problems related and described above are presented due to their constructive characteristics, and the drive systems used, which cause problems of irregular distribution of seeds in the soil, unnecessary consumption of inputs, low quality of the grain produced, decreased productivity in agriculture.

The solutions presented in the planter required here are in the application of unidirectional control equipment for the movement of seed, fertilizer and fertilizer feeders and distributors, which solve the reported problems and significantly increase productivity in agriculture, especially in corn, soybeans, beans and sorghum.

It is known that an irregular distribution of the seeds in the soil with high coefficients of variation of this distribution, substantially decreases the productivity in the crop besides causing physical-chemical problems in the soil for the subsequent harvests.

The characteristics of this planter in the control and regularity in the dosing and distribution of fertilizer seeds in the soil, positioning for a lower drop height from the seed of the doser to the soil in relation to the equipment available on the market, together with the

16/25 seeds with special geometry in the shape of a toboggan, which reduces the seed bouncing inside the conductor tube at the moment of falling to the ground, result in odd technologies not observed in the current technique.

The seed metering drive system with constant torque and rotation, controlled and without recoil and the vertical damper system, provide a smooth movement in the seed meter's ups and downs during the planting operation.

They add up to a set of characteristics, which guarantee a regular distribution of seeds dosed in the soil with coefficients of variation tending to zero and not observed in the current state of the art.

The current systems due to all the related problems do not allow the regular distribution of seeds in the soil, and without any possibility of being geometrically distributed and controlled.

The planter, according to the concept of the invention in its project, adopts adjustments of synchronism on the part of the seed doser, which by selecting a predetermined radial point, which will only be reached rotationally when the pre-adjusted point allows it.

This synchronism can be done between pairs of seed dosers, allowing the geometrically regular distribution of seeds in the soil. In this way the distribution is regular and geometrically controlled, with low coefficients of variation in the distribution of the seeds and can increase the productivity of the crop by up to 35%.

The improvements presented result in lower energy consumption per seed, fertilizer and fertilizer feeder, and to operate the system according to the planter concept in this application, it is significantly less than in a conventional system and also less than in a pneumatic system a existing vacuum.

Due to the constructive system of the present planter according to the invention, it can be assembled with much smaller spacing in relation to existing pantographic systems, thus allowing the denser planting that is a necessity in many cultures.

17/25

Dense planting is the reduction of spacing between planting furrows. With the present planter requested here, it can be adjusted for spacing of up to a minimum of 200 mm, a detail not possible in the current state of the art with pantographic systems.

Due to the constructive system of this planter and with the application of unidirectional control of the movement of the dosers and distributors of seeds, fertilizers and fertilizers, the use of springs is not necessary to keep the system pressed against the soil, since the system is maintained by the own weight.

In the proposed system, an armored oil-damping equipment was added, which has the function of smoothing movements and avoiding impacts on the soil, during the rise and fall of the seed doser, reducing the problems of seed raising inside the conductive tube that leads the seed. to the ground.

The drive system object of the present invention, can work either with a conventional honeycomb seed dispenser and / or with a vacuum pneumatic seed delivery system.

This planter required here incorporates a system of continuous speed variation (controller box and continuous or alternating speed variator), which can be controlled by georeferencing or manual control, or control programmed by a logic programming system and PLC adjustment (Logic controller programmable).

The controller box and continuous or alternating speed drives the central drive axes of the fertilizer distribution system, and of the seed distribution system, allowing the continuous variation of speed starting from the resting state.

The control box system and continuous or alternating speed variator was incorporated to have total control of the variation of rotation of the driving axes of the fertilizer and seed distribution system, so that the volume to be distributed of fertilizers and seeds is fully controlled, and allows the complete stopping of the dosing system regardless of the movement that the planter is making.

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The continuous variation of speed allows the distribution of the fertilizer in a variable way, according to the need of a certain planting area, thus generating an efficiency in the application of the fertilizer, without excess distribution or lack.

In the current state of the art, the systems used to activate the dosage and distribution of seeds and fertilizers cannot be stopped if the planter is in motion. This is because the drive mechanism of the distributor is directly coupled to the planter wheels, and the rotation cannot be stopped with the planter in motion.

This causes unnecessary distribution of fertilizers and seeds, especially at the end of planting courses in addition to the need for manual shutdown of the drives, when the planter needs to be moved to other planting areas.

The application of the control box and continuous or alternating speed variator, aims to improve the performance of the dosage of seeds and fertilizers, so that the quantities to be released in the soil are those programmed and planned by the mapping carried out by the topographic surveys and GPS ( Global Positioning) in the area where planting will take place.

That is, the planter can release exactly the seeds and fertilizers in the places previously mapped by georeferencing, without overdosing or dosing less than necessary.

The release of fertilizers and seeds in a controlled and variable way reduces unnecessary expenses and waste of inputs in agriculture.

The control box system and continuous or alternating speed variator, allows programming by a PLC (programmable logic controller), which can be triggered by information and readings obtained by GPS in an instant and continuous way. In this way, the PLC controls the entire mechanism of the control box and the variable or continuous variable speeds, blocking or releasing the distribution of seeds and fertilizers in the desired volume, automatically without the intervention of the operator of the tractor that pulls the planter.

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The system of continuous release of seeds and fertilizers found in planters of the current state of the art, is transformed into an efficient system that allows the planter to travel through a certain area, without stopping and releasing at the exact predetermined point the desired quantity of fertilizers and seeds.

This is possible due to the fact that the control box and continuous or alternating speed variator, allow total control of stopping or adjusting the rotation of the drive axes of the fertilizer spreaders and seed dosers, even with the moving planter being pulled by the tractor. .

Thus, this system allows to stop, increase and vary the dosage of seeds and distribution of fertilizers at any time according to the previous programming made by georeferencing or by CLP or manually.

In this way the farmer, in addition to avoiding the distribution of fertilizers and dosing seeds in unwanted areas, also has the possibility of varying, at any time, the volume in the area where necessary.

This crossing of information between the GPS installed on the planter or the tractor, with the mapping of the area previously made by the farmer allows the control of the dosage of seeds and fertilizers in real time.

The manure and fertilizer box has the function of storing the manure and fertilizers that will be dosed in the soil through a system with a single direction of rotation, with a rotation ramp of at least 0.01 RPM (revolutions per minute), allowing acceleration and decelerating in a controlled manner and dosing fertilizers according to the needs of each area to be planted.

The rotation movement of the wheelset (5) has the function of providing the driving force for the drive systems for the dosing and distribution of seeds, manures and fertilizers through the driving force transmission system, controlled by a device that does not allow delay and movement retreat, providing regularity and control of this movement.

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The wheelset system also has the function of suspending the planter, and supporting the machine for rolling in working position at planting or in resting or transport position.

The wheelset system incorporates a unidirectional movement control device, which provides a single rotational direction of the driving system of the driving force produced by the wheelset during the displacement of the planter.

The lower support arms (20) of the seed dosing system, plow discs for opening the furrows in the soil, seed depth adjustment system, seed depth limiting and compacting wheels, furrow closing wheels, have the function of coupling all these systems for dosing and planting seeds. The seed metering drive system receives the driving force through axes, chains or other systems and allows the dosing system to fluctuate according to the variation in the topography of the soil.

The main structure of the machine has the function of supporting all the elements that compose it, such as the fertilizer and fertilizer dosing system, which has the function of dosing the manure and fertilizer according to the need of each planting to be carried out.

The speed control box has the function of varying the output speed for the drive system for the seed feeder, and for the drive system for the fertilizer and fertilizer feeder, according to the needs of each crop.

The unidirectional control device of the driving force input in the control box and variable or continuous variable speeds, does not allow the delay and retreat of the drive movement of the fertilizer and fertilizer distribution system, providing an effective regularity of the drive movement.

This controlled and continuous variation of speed provided by the box, has the function of applying the correct amounts of seeds, fertilizers and fertilizers determined by the agronomic readings of each area, type of soil and area to be planted by providing the regular exit rotation

21/25 monitored and controlled in real time, with automatic corrections of the predefined rotation.

The box, in turn, incorporates a unidirectional control device (10) of the driving force input into the controller box and a continuous or alternating gearbox that does not allow delay and retreat of the drive movement of the fertilizer and fertilizer distribution system, providing a effective regularity of the drive movement.

The function of the reduced height of the seed distributor in relation to the soil in the working position and seed dosage, is to improve the coefficient of variation in the seed distribution, by reducing the seed peak within the conductor tube.

The anchor bar and articulation of the wheelset has the function of alternating the height adjustment of the machine in relation to the ground for the working position in the planting or in the resting and / or transport position.

The anchor bar system incorporates a unidirectional movement control device, anchored in a tubular rod of the said anchor bar that is subdivided, and which in its center contains a rod that has the purpose of centrally rotating the movement and transmitting in a single direction from the motor part generating the movement to the moved part of the box.

This system has the unique characteristic of respecting the physical law of movement within the radius of rotation of the support and anchoring wheels of the wheelset in the anchoring bar.

The unidirectional running control device provides a single rotational direction of the driving force drive system, produced by the running set during the displacement of the planter.

The upper anchoring support (17) fixed or mounted on the planter structure has the function of supporting the pantographic system and the seed dosing and distribution system for planting and also has the function of keeping the alignments leveled vertically and horizontally. The geometry and constructive shape of the support, with symmetrical holes allows the assembly of the pantographic articulation system.

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The coupling system in the main structure of the planter by means of clamps, clamps and screws allows the installation, adjustment, adequacy and assembly, in all the gauges necessary for planting in measures of up to a minimum of 200 mm, for seed distribution and dosing needs in dense plantations, required by certain crops.

The geometric shape of this upper support allows proximity to the ground, so that the pantographic system of the lower support arms (20), operates with an inverted angle facilitating the setting of the groove cutting system against the ground, maintaining this position when due to its proportionate angle of attack.

This angular geometric shape, not observed in the state of the art of the lower support arms, (20) facilitates the operation of the planting line without the application of springs and at the same time maintains it in permanent contact with the soil during the dosing operation , seed distribution and planting. This construction system also allows assembly and adaptation to any planter on the market.

The unidirectional control devices of the driving force input in the fertilizer and fertilizer feeder, do not allow the delay and retreat of the actuation movement of the fertilizer and fertilizer dosing system providing an effective and controlled regularity of the accelerations and decelerations of the rotational actuation movement .

These devices are mounted on the fertilizer and fertilizer dispenser and on the longitudinal axis, which receives movement from the control box and speed variator, which activates the fertilizer and fertilizer dosing system.

Figure 1 shows a view of the planter not performing the dosing and distribution of seeds, fertilizers and fertilizers, as it is in a state of rest in relation to the soil, supported by tires that are driven by hydraulic cylinders acting on the wheelset system.

Figure 2 shows a view of the planter in a resting state in relation to the ground, showing the connections of the flexible elastic drive axes (8).

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Figure 3 shows a view of the machine in working position, with the tire in a rolling position lowered over the soil surface, and the plow disk in a groove cut position, for the deposit of the seed, manure and fertilizers in detail expanded and exploded from the machine wheels, mounted on the hub (6) fixed by unidirectional control devices (7). In this position, the machine performs its function of dosing and distributing seeds, fertilizers and fertilizers, that is, carrying out planting.

Figure 4 shows an exploded view of the planter, showing all components of the seed dosing and distribution system, such as vertical axis with coupling system for driving the honeycomb disk, unidirectional control device, support housing of the vertical drive shaft seed doser, support base for seed doser and others.

Figure 5 shows an exploded front perspective view of the planter with enlarged details of the armored oil damping device (15), impacts of the seed dosing and distribution system and the upper anchoring support (17), on the planter structure, which has the function of supporting the pantographic system and the seed dosing and distribution system, keeping the alignments leveled vertically and horizontally.

Figure 6 presents a perspective view of the anchor bar and wheelset articulation, which has the function of switching the height adjustment of the machine in relation to the ground, for planting position or for transport or rest position, with their respective controls and enlarged detail of the pantographic articulation system (14), of the articulating plates (23) with armored oil-damping device (15).

According to the attached figures, the present request is comprised of a structure (1) formed by a hitch base (2) for traction by agricultural implement or tractor, mounted on a chassis (3) to accommodate the box of fertilizers ( 4) and the seeds box (32) which has the function of storing the fertilizer, fertilizers or seeds, which will be dosed in the soil through a system that is characterized by having a unique sense of gi

24/25 ro, with a rotation ramp of at least 0.01 RPM (revolutions per minute), which allows acceleration and deceleration in a controlled manner, to dose fertilizers, fertilizers or seeds triggered by the rotational rotation of the wheelset (5), mounted on the hub (6) fixed by unidirectional control devices (7), connected to the flexible elastic drive shaft (8) that transmits the received driving force in a controlled manner to the gearbox (9), continuous or alternating speeds containing two unidirectional control devices (10) for driving the general drive shaft (11) longitudinally, transferring the swing through the flexible elastic drive axes (8) to drive the dosing system (13) for the distribution of seeds, fertilizers and fertilizers, containing unidirectional control devices (10), which makes the rotational turn controlled and adjusted.

The upper anchoring support (17) of the planter structure accommodates in the central part (18) the transfer box (19) of the movement received from the general drive shaft (11), for the dosing systems (13) that are mounted on the lower support arms (20) with two bifurcation points (21), connected to the pantographic articulation system (14) by articulation pins (22), of the articulation plates (23) of the upper anchoring support (17), which has its articulation by an armored oil damping device (15), which has the function of reducing vibrations and amortizing the shocks and impacts received and suffered, by the dosing system (13) and seed distribution during the planting operation.

The front part (24) contains a pair of support wheels (25) mounted on the support arms (26), with pin (27) of articulation and interconnection with the lower support arms (20), through the pendulum system (12 ) height adjustment by means of the cartridge spindle (28) of the rear wheels (29) in its bearing and guided, on the pendulum shaft (30), which has the function of receiving the spindle adjustment movements of the cartridge (28) , and make the parts swing, up, down and float. This fluctuation allows the monitoring of the rear wheels (29), which limit depth according to the topographic variations of the soil.

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The lower articulating plates (23) stabilize the load of the lower support arms (20), in the movements of up and down, in the planting operation, following the variations in topography of the soil forming an inverted angle that facilitates the liming of the line in the soil in plan5 operation.

The anchor bar (31) the articulation arms of the wheelset (5) which has the function of switching the height adjustment of the machine in relation to the ground for planting position or for transport or rest position. For special versions and applications, the anchor bar system (31), in10 incorporates a unidirectional movement control device (10), providing a single rotational direction of the driving system of the driving force produced by the wheelset assembly (5) during the displacement of the planter and this force is transferred to the controller box and continuous or alternating speed variator (9).

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R E I V I N D I C A TION

1) GRAIN PLANTER AND SEED AND FERTILIZER DOSING AND DISTRIBUTION DEVICE, comprising a structure (1) formed by a hitch base (2) for traction, by agricultural implement or tractor, mounted on a chassis (3) box of fertilizers, fertilizers (4) and seeds (32) that has the function of storing the fertilizer, fertilizers or seeds, which will be dosed in the soil through a system, which is characterized by having a unique direction of rotation, with rotation of at least 0.01 RPM (revolutions per minute), which allows acceleration and deceleration in a controlled manner, to dose the fertilizers, fertilizers or seeds, triggered by the rotational rotation of the wheelset (5), mounted on the hub (6) fixed by unidirectional control devices (7), connected to the flexible elastic drive shaft (8) that transmits the driving force in a controlled manner to the gearbox (9), continuous or alternating speeds, containing two devices unidirectional control (10), actuation of the general drive shaft (11) longitudinal, transfer of rotation through the flexible elastic drive axes (8), to drive the dosing system (13), containing unidirectional control devices ( 10), which makes the rotational turn controlled and adjusted; the upper anchoring support (17) of the planter structure accommodating the central part (18) of the transfer box (19) of the movement received from the general drive shaft (11), for the dosing system (13) assembled in the lower support arms (20) with two bifurcation points (21), connected to the pantographic articulation system (14) by articulation pins (22), of the articulation plates (23) of the upper anchoring support (17), which armored oil-damping device (15), the front part (24) of which is provided by a pair of support wheels (25) mounted on the support arms (26), by a pin (27) for articulation and interconnection with the lower support arms (20), through the pendulum system (12) of height adjustment by means of the cartridge spindle (28) of the rear wheels (29) mounted on its bearing and guided on the pendulum shaft (30).

2) GRAIN PLANTER AND DEVICE FOR DISTRIBUTION OF SEEDS AND FERTILIZERS, according to the

Claims (9)

claim 1, characterized by the fact that the rotational rotation of the drive of the general drive shaft (11) longitudinal transfer of driving force for turning the dosing system (13), is carried out by flexible elastic drive shafts (8), applying the unidirectional control devices (10) of backstop. 3) GRAIN PLANTER AND SEEDS AND FERTILIZERS DOSING AND DISTRIBUTION DEVICE, according to claim 1, characterized by the use of flexible elastic drive axes (8), associated with the unidirectional control device (10) of backstop , activate the rotational rotation of the drive of the general longitudinal drive shaft (11) and of the dosing system (13), allowing the unidirectional control of the continuous or alternating rotational movement of turning speeds and drives, of the received force. 4) GRAIN PLANTER AND DEVICE AND DISTRIBUTION OF SEEDS AND FERTILIZERS, according to claim (1) characterized by the fact that the articulating plates (23) with their articulation pins (22), perform the articulation between the upper support of anchoring (17) of the planter structure and the two bifurcation points (21) of the lower support arms (20), provided with an armored oil-damping device (15) diagonally mounted. 5) GRAIN PLANTER AND DEVICE AND DISTRIBUTION OF SEEDS AND FERTILIZERS, according to claim (1) characterized by the interconnection between the upper anchoring support (17) next to the lower support arms (20) with angled shape , of the pantographic articulation system (14) operate with an inverted angle, vertically forcing the lower support arms (20), of the dosing system (13) against the ground. 6) GRAIN PLANTER AND DEVICE AND DISTRIBUTION OF SEEDS AND FERTILIZERS, according to claim (1) characterized by the fact of the difference in vertical height between support arms (26), and the lower support arms (20) in relation to the ground, be 3/3 adjusted by means of the cartridge spindle (28), the rear wheels (29) mounted on its bearing and guided on the pendulum shaft (30). 7) GRAIN PLANTER AND DEVICE AND DISTRIBUTION OF SEEDS AND FERTILIZERS, according to claim (1) characterized by the fact that the wheelset (5) has a torque and rotation distribution system, which transfers the received rotational movement at 90 ° degrees, for the speed control box (9), which incorporates a unidirectional control device (10) against recoil and retardation, of the rotational movement, driven by a flexible elastic drive shaft (8) of entry or exit of the movement. 8) GRAIN PLANTER AND DEVICE AND DISTRIBUTION OF SEEDS AND FERTILIZERS, according to claim (1) characterized by the fact that the movement of the wheelset (5) is transferred to the anchor bar (31) by the axis (8), receive this movement in the unidirectional movement control device (10), which transfers this turn to the variator box (9) through the axis (8). 9) GRAIN PLANTER AND DEVICE AND DISTRIBUTION OF SEEDS AND FERTILIZERS, according to claim (1) characterized by the fact that the force received from the wheel (5) passes through the anchor bar (31), which has the control devices unidirectional (10) against kickback, transferring force to the variable gear (9). 10) GRAIN PLANTER AND DEVICE AND DISTRIBUTION OF SEEDS AND FERTILIZERS, according to claim (1) characterized by the fact that the geometrically regular distribution of seeds in the soil, is carried out by unidirectional control devices (10), perform the adjustment the synchronism of the transmission movements to activate the dosing systems (13) and seed, fertilizer and fertilizer distributors, with full torque transmission control, without loss of mechanical force and variation of rotation and in a unidirectional way.