BR102013008801B1 - construction system for buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

CONSTRUCTIVE SYSTEM FOR BUILDINGS, which is characterized by being based on the use of examples of a panel (P), of elements of connecting elements (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), ( F), (G), (li) and (1), spindle / wedge fastening element (J) and rebar fastening element (K); the panel (P) is a piece preferably made of surgical material, presenting a structure (PI) that has a metallic core (P2) inside it, defined in the form of a grid with perimeter bars (P3 ) and internal bars arranged at 90 degrees (P4); the vertices of the metallic core (P2) receive structural reinforcement plates (P5) with elongated contour and arranged diagonally in relation to the quadrant in which they are fixed, the same occurring in the center of the edges of the metallic structure (P2), where they are mounted structural reinforcement plates (P5 ') with a square contour and arranged so as to cover the entire quadrant in which they are fixed; each of the structural reinforcement plates (P5) and (P5) is fixed by welding lines (P6) to the structure of the metal web (P2); the structural reinforcement plates (P5) and (P5 ') have a multiplicity of orifices (P7).

Description

This specification describes an application for a patent for an invention that proposes a construction system 5 specially developed to be used in the construction industry and which is based on the use of panels preferably of cementitious composition and which has application, for example, in construction of housing, in the composition of walls for closing warehouses, industrial units, 10 storage and others.

The construction system now treated presents total versatility in relation to the other construction systems belonging to the state of the art and which are the most used today and which mostly include techniques that use: a) the use of bricks; b) the use of concrete blocks (structural or not); c) the use of panels of various compositions that act only as a means of closing structures that may be metallic; d) the use of precast concrete pieces; and e) the use of concrete molding techniques in loco. All the techniques mentioned above and present positive and negative particularities depending on the characteristics of the project to be implemented.

In the case of bricks and concrete blocks, these are the most used techniques, since they are widely used and have been in use for a long time. These two techniques have in common the fact that they require a lot of labor, demand relatively long periods of construction, generate many losses that increase the volume of rubble produced, etc. t The use of panels (cementitious or not) is currently a technique based on the assumption that the panel is a closing piece, being able to compose external, internal walls, partitions and others, but that necessarily requires a structure to support it. .

This type of technique requires specialized labor both for the elaboration of the building structure, as well as for the assembly of the panels. Still within the constructive system that employs panels, there is also technique 10, according to which structural walls or cannot be raised using EPS panels or blocks (expanded polystyrene), which are covered with metallic screens and later covered with cement or sandblasted concrete.

The main drawback of this type of construction is that it requires specialized labor and is relatively prohibitively expensive. "■ '■ •

Regarding the use of precast concrete pieces, it can be seen that this is a technique that allows construction in relatively fast time, with a very low volume of debris and losses, but on the other hand, very high cost, requiring specialized labor, use of heavy equipment, etc.

The use of on-site molding techniques, however, allows the construction of high-strength buildings, but the drawbacks are the fact that it requires the use of structures that must be used as molds and which are normally built on site using carpentry techniques. , or even the use of ready-made molds that have a high cost and have a reduced 3/28 capacity for reuse.

In view of the construction systems belonging to the state of the art, the object of this patent application was developed and which focuses on enabling a new construction system that employs panels (preferably cementitious) in a totally innovative way, since such panels they can be used in a similar way to molding elements, but which, differently from the conventional, become part of the building structure.

The construction system discussed here allows the panels to be mounted against metallic joining elements, which together with the panels themselves form the structure of walls that can be structural, closing, partitions, etc.

In the present constructive system, the wall after having its basic structure built with the panels and connecting pieces, may or may not be filled with concrete, as well as may or may not include, before filling with concrete, blocks of insulating material.

The construction system proposed here represents 20 an innovative alternative to conventional systems in that it allows the most varied civil construction projects to be carried out with relatively low cost, practically without producing rubble, requiring no labor with a high degree of specialization and practically eliminating the need for subsequent finishing techniques, since the panels themselves can already be produced with surfaces with a quality finish and which may or may not include decorative patterns, textures, etc.

The construction system treated here makes use of a panel specially designed and produced to guarantee an innovative form of assembly that brings with it a series of technical advantages.

The construction system object of this patent application can be fully understood in all its details through the detailed description that will be made based on the figures listed below, in which:

Figure 1 shows a schematic perspective view 10 of an example of the type of panel used;

Figure 2 shows an enlarged detail taken from figure 1, such as that indicated by the arrow "A";

Figure 3 illustrates an enlarged and partially cut view of a specific field of the panel depicted in figure 1, which field is indicated by the dashed line and the arrow “B” and where internal construction details of the panel can be seen;

Figure 4 illustrates a sectional detail of the top corner of the panel in question, as indicated by the arrow "C" in figure 1 and where more internal details can be seen;

Figure 5 illustrates an enlarged and partially sectioned view of a specific field of the panel depicted in figure 1, which field is indicated by the arrow “D” and where more details can be seen;

Figure 6 illustrates a perspective view of a first type of joining element that is used to produce the joining of up to eight units of the panel used in the present construction system;

Figure 7 illustrates a variant of the first type of connecting element shown in Figure 6, which is ok! variant differs only in the dimensioning of its structural portion, thus allowing to emphasize that the joining element pictured in figure 6 can present varied dimensional patterns, which in practice allows the production of walls with varied thickness measurements;

Figure 8 illustrates a perspective view of a second type of joining element that is used to produce the joining of up to four units of the panel used in the present construction system;

Figure 9 illustrates a variant of the second type of joining element depicted in Figure 8, and that variant differs only in the dimensioning of its structural portion, thus allowing to emphasize that the joining element depicted in Figure 8 can present varied dimensional patterns, the which allows, in practice, 15, as verified with respect to the first type of connecting element, the production of walls with varying thickness measurements;

Figure 10 illustrates a perspective view of a third type of joining element that is used to produce the joining of up to two units of the panel used in the present construction system 20;

Figure 11 illustrates a variant of the third type of joining element depicted in Figure 10, and that variant differs only in the dimensioning of its structural portion, thus allowing to emphasize that the connecting element depicted in Figure 10 can present varied dimensional patterns, what allows in practice, as verified with the first and second types of joining elements, the production of walls with different thickness measurements;

Figure 12 illustrates a perspective view of a fourth type of joining element that is used to produce the union of up to four units of the panel used in the present construction system whenever there is a need to have two 5 walls at 90 degrees forming a corner, the said fourth type of joining element being used to join the outer panels of these two walls arranged in a corner;

Figure 13 illustrates a variant of the fourth type of joining element depicted in Figure 12 and which also lends itself to uniting up to four panel units, with such a variant differing only in the dimensioning of its structure and the fact that it is said variant the fourth type of joining element used to join the internal panels of these two walls arranged in a corner;

Figure 14 illustrates a fifth type of joining element which is used to join four external panels of two sections of a wall that internally presents a wall arranged perpendicularly, that is, at 90 degrees;

Figure 15 illustrates a sixth type of joining element, which lends itself to join four panel units;

Figure 16 illustrates a perspective view of a seventh type of joining element that is used to produce the joining of up to four units of the panel used in the present construction system whenever there is a need for two 25 walls at 90 degrees forming a corner, being that the said seventh type of joining element is used to join the external panels of these two walls arranged in a corner, however presenting the possibility that said external corner is arched or rounded;

Figure 17 illustrates a variant of the seventh type of connecting element depicted in figure 16 and which also lends itself to joining up to four panel units, with such a variant differing only in the dimensioning of its structure and the fact that it is said variant the seventh type of joining element used to join the internal panels of these two walls arranged in a corner, but presenting the possibility that said internal corner is arched or rounded;

Figure 18 illustrates a perspective view of an eighth type of joining element that is used to produce the joining of up to four units of the panel used in the present construction system whenever there is a need to have two 90 degree walls forming a corner , the said eighth type of joining element being used to join the outer panels of these two walls arranged in a corner, but presenting the possibility that said external corner is inversely arched or rounded;

Figure 19 illustrates a variant of the eighth type of 20 connecting element depicted in Figure 18 and which also lends itself to unite up to four panel units, with such a variant differing only in the dimensioning of its structure and the fact that it is said variant the eighth type of joining element used to join the internal panels of these two walls arranged in 25 corners, but presenting the possibility that this referred internal corner is inversely arched or rounded;

Figure 20 schematically illustrates the use of the first type of joining element in the formation of a wall section, where internally and externally the panels that integrate this construction system are fixed, and in this figure, only for the purpose of illustration, two portraits are depicted panel units only;

Figure 21 schematically illustrates the use of the first type of joining element in the formation of a section of wall, where the panels that integrate this construction system are fixed internally and externally, and in this figure four panels are depicted, two overlapping internals and two 10 overlapping external ones, all shown in section;

Figure 22 illustrates a view of a ninth type of joining element, which lends itself to produce the union of four panels, said ninth joining element is arranged in the lower portion of the lower panels of a stretch of wall and still allows 15 fixing and leveling the baseboard;

Figure 23 illustrates a condition of practical use of the ninth type of connecting element shown in figure 22, where two panels are attached to it, as well as two sections and baseboards;

Figures 24, 25 and 26 illustrate, respectively, 20 perspective views, side in section and top, of a fixing element, which is defined as a spindle / wedge system;

Figures 27 and 28 illustrate, respectively, perspective and top views of another fastening element that is used in conjunction with the first type of joining element, such fastening element being used to allow the fixing of the rising rebars to the first fastening elements that integrate a raised wall according to the construction system in question;

Figure 29 illustrates a schematic view of a section of wall raised according to the construction system object of this patent application, and where it can be seen how the panels join through the use of examples of the first and second 5 joining elements;

Figure 30 illustrates schematically and in section the way in which two corner walls are arranged according to the construction system now treated;

Figure 31 illustrates schematically and in section 10 the way in which two walls are arranged mutually perpendicular according to the construction system presented here;

Figure 32 illustrates schematically and in section the way in which the face of a wall is closed according to the construction system now proposed;

Figure 33 illustrates schematically and in section the way in which two corner walls are arranged according to the constructive system now proposed, and the region of effective corner of this union of walls is rounded;

Figure 34 illustrates schematically and in section the way in which two corner walls are arranged according to the construction system now proposed, with the effective corner region of this union of walls being inversely rounded;

Fig. 35 illustrates a perspective view of a condition for practical use of the ninth type of connecting element, such as that proposed in this patent application;

Figure 36 illustrates a perspective view of a condition for the practical use of a fixing element provided for in the present construction system, which is defined as a spindle / wedge system, said view schematically depicts the use of two examples of the fixing element fixation (spindle / wedge) in association with a specimen of the second type of joining element to produce the joining of two panels;

Figure 37 illustrates a perspective view of a condition of practical use of the fastening element that is used to allow the fixing of the risers to the first fastening elements that integrate a raised wall 10 according to the construction system in question, said view includes also the metal bar that crosses the structure of the first joining element and acts as a reinforcement strap;

Figure 38 illustrates a schematic and cross-sectional view of a slab duly incorporated on two parallel walls 15, such structures being elaborated according to the constructive system object of this patent application;

Figure 39 illustrates, schematically, a section of two corner walls, where the corner region has a reverse configuration;

Figure 40 illustrates, schematically, a section of wall produced using the panels proposed in this construction system, said view portrays the fact that the space between the internal and external panels can be partially occupied by a block of insulating material;

Figure 41 illustrates a perspective view of a variant of the panel now treated, which already includes slings in its structure to allow the proper assembly of a block of insulating material;

Figure 42 illustrates, schematically, a section of wall produced using the panels proposed in this construction system, said view portrays the fact that the space between the internal and external panels can be partially occupied by a block of 5 insulating material, being that the remaining space can later be filled with concrete; and

Figure 43 illustrates a section of wall constructed with the panels adopted in the construction system in question, a view that lends itself to demonstrate that the panels, both internal 10 and external, can include finishing patterns that start to characterize the face of the internal walls and or external, thus dispensing specific and conventional finishing procedures.

In accordance with the figures 15 above, the construction system for buildings covered by this patent application is based on the use of examples of a P panel, of elements of connecting elements A, B, C, D, E , F, G, H and I, fastening system by spindle / wedge system J and fastening element for rebar K.

The panel P particularly portrayed in figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, is a piece preferably produced in cementitious material, presenting a structure P1 obtained by molding process in this material.

The PI structure has a metallic core P2 inside, in a totally encapsulated form, defined in the form of a grid with perimeter bars P3 and internal bars arranged at 90 degrees P4.

The vertices of the metallic core P2 receive structural reinforcement plates P5 with elongated contour and arranged diagonally in relation to the quadrant in which they are fixed, the same occurring in the center of the edges of the metallic structure P2, where structural reinforcement plates P5 'are mounted. with a 5 square contour and arranged so as to cover the entire quadrant in which they are fixed.

Each of the structural reinforcement plates P5 and P5 'is fixed by welding lines P6 (specifically indicated in figure 5) to the structure of the metal core P2, such welding lines 10 P6 being particularly depicted in figure 6.

The structure reinforcement plates! P5 and P5 'have a multiplicity of through holes P7, which have the special function of allowing the cementitious material that integrates the panel P to flow through the plates thus guaranteeing a greater incorporation of them into the generative structure! from panel P.

Each of the plates P5 and P5 'has a nut P8, which is also fixed by welding, and this set of nuts P8 has a special function in fixing the panel P, as will be further explained.

Figure 1 illustrates a schematic perspective view of an example of panel P, which preferably has a square outline, a fact that does not rule out the possibility of adopting other formats.

In the aforementioned figure 1, the panel P is portrayed in such a way that its metallic core P2 can be visualized under the material layer that forms the structure P1 obtained by molding.

The aforementioned figure 1 shows that the face P1 'of the PI structure shows the face of the nuts P8, which are encapsulated when molding the panel P.

Figure 2, on the other hand, shows an enlarged detail taken from panel P, such as that indicated by the arrow “A” in figure 1, where the nut P8 can be particularly noticed, the latter being completely encapsulated in the cementitious material that forms the structure P1 of the panel. P. In the same figure 2, the structural reinforcement plate P5 can also be seen, which is attached to the metal core P2.

Figure 3 illustrates an enlarged and partially cut view of a specific field of panel P, field 10 which is indicated by the dashed line and the arrow “B” present in figure 1 and where internal construction details of panel P can be seen , such as its metallic core P2, the structural reinforcement plates P5 and P5 'and their respective nuts P8. The aforementioned figure 3 shows the fact that the metallic core P2 is encapsulated 15 inside the structure P1 of cementitious material.

The same type of feature can also be seen in figure 4, which illustrates a sectional detail of the top corner of the panel P in question, as indicated by the arrow “C” in figure 1 and where more internal details can be seen. 20 In the aforementioned figure 4, the fact that the nut P8 fixed to the reinforcement plates P5 faces the surface of the structure P1 is particularly visible. Figure 5 illustrates an enlarged and partially sectioned view of a specific field of the panel P pictured. in figure 1, this field is indicated by the arrow "D" and 25 where more details can be seen, particularly one of the structural reinforcement plates P5 ', which has its corresponding nut P8 and also has the through holes P7 distributed in its entire area. In the aforementioned figure 5, the P6 welding lines that connect the plate P5 to the metal core P2 are also schematically reproduced.

The panel P proposed here may have one of its faces P1 decorated with an ornamental pattern P9, as shown 5 schematically in figure 43. The ornamental pattern P9 (schematically shown in figure 43) can be formed by compositions with geometric contours, shapes winding with random contour, textures and can even reproduce, in low or high relief, different figures or themes, and in all these cases the ornamental pattern P9 originates from the molding process through which the P panel is obtained.

The construction system proposed here is based on the use of P panels in conjunction with various joining elements, through which P panels are seamlessly joined to form external PE walls and internal PI walls, as is also exemplified in the aforementioned figure 43 •

The first type of connecting element that is provided for in the construction system treated here and that is indicated by reference A is depicted, in isolation, in figure 6, while 20 that its variant, also indicated by the same reference A is depicted in figure 7 .

The first type of connection element A that is used to produce the union of up to eight units of the P panel is essentially a stylized T-shaped metal piece, 25 having vertical, parallel and extreme square A1 plates properly joined by a center plate! vertical and transversal A2.

The basic structure of the first type of connection element A can be obtained either by joining metal parts separated and joined by welding, or it can also originate from the cutting of a stylized “I” shaped metal profile, a condition that also applies for the other types of connection elements, as will be clear below.

The first type of connection element A also has flat bars of structural reinforcement A3 that connect the vertical, parallel and extreme plates A1.

The parallel and extreme vertical plates A1 have through holes Al 'in each of their vertices, 10 holes that are suitable for receiving corresponding FF fixing spindles that are used to guarantee the fixation of the P panels against the different types of elements. union A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I.

The transversal and vertical central plate A2 counts, in the 15 its upper center region! with two through holes indicated as A2 'and A2 ", the first of which is lower and of a larger diameter to receive the fastening element K which is used to retain the rising rebar V, thus ensuring full integration between the external PE and internal walls PL

The fastening element K will be described in more detail. The through hole A2 "upper and smaller diameter is intended to receive the rebar VI that integrates the structural reinforcement strap that can be applied internally to the building walls.

Figure 7 illustrates a variant of the first type of connection element A, which is basically identical to the main model of this first connection element A, differing only in the design of its corresponding transverse and vertical central plate A2, as well as its flat bars A3.

The version of the first type of connection element A shown separately in figure 7 allows to demonstrate that this component can have different dimensional patterns, a fact that results in the possibility of obtaining walls with different dimensional patterns of thickness.

Figure 8 illustrates a perspective view of a l! '■ second type of joining element that is used to produce the union of up to four units of panel P used in the present 10 construction system, this joining element being indicated by reference B.

The second type of connection element B has a general shape! of a stylized T and has two vertical and parallel vertical bars BI, which are joined by a central vertical and transversal bar B2 B2. The parallel and extreme vertical bars B1 have a respective through hole Br in each of their corresponding ends, said through holes BI "are suitable for receiving the corresponding FF fixing spindles that are used to guarantee the fixation of panels P, ta! As the verified 20 with respect to the first type of fixation element A already described.

Figure 9 illustrates a variant of the second type of connecting element B depicted in Figure 8, and this variant differs only in the design of its vertical and transverse central bar B2.

In the same way as already reported in relation to the variant of the first type of connection element A, also in the case of the variant of the second type of connection element B, the change in design is due to allow the composition of walls with different measurement patterns of thickness.

Figure 10 illustrates an isolated perspective view of a third type of connection element which is indicated by reference C and which is used to produce the connection of up to two 5 units of panel P used in the present construction system.

The third type of connecting element C has a configuration similar to an elongated letter "C" being formed by two short sections of extreme bars Cl, duly joined by a transverse and vertical bar C2, and there are also 10 through holes provided C1 ' which are suitable for receiving FF fastening spindles used to produce the fastening of panels P to the connecting element C.

Fig. 11 illustrates a variant of the third type of connection element C depicted in Fig. 10, ta! variant 15 differs only in the dimensioning of its crossbar and vertical C2 thus guaranteeing, as with the other connection elements already described, the possibility of composing walls with variation in the thickness measurement.

Figure 12 illustrates a perspective and isolated view of a fourth type of joining element, which is indicated by reference D and is used to produce the union of up to four units of panel P used in the present construction system whenever there is a need to have two walls at 90 degrees forming a corner.

The fourth type of joining element D is used to join external panels P of two walls preferably arranged at 90 degrees. The fourth type of connecting element D has a configuration similar to an angle, each of its plates Dl having a pair of recessed indentations D2, as well as an equal pair of through holes D3.

The recessed indentations D2 are used to receive the fixing spindles FF used for the assembly of the panels P, while the through holes D3 are used to serve as a place for fixing, also through screws, external closing plates that can be used to compose the structure that will contain the volume of concrete with which the walls can be filled. ,.

Figure 13 illustrates a variant of the fourth type of joint element D depicted in figure 12 and which is also suitable for joining up to four units of panel P. The said variant of connection element D differs only in the design of its structure when compared with the main model of such a connecting element. The variant of the fourth connecting element can be used to compose the internal closing structure of the wall to be raised with it, ok! as it is particularly portrayed in figure 30.

Figure 14 illustrates a fifth type of connecting element which is indicated by reference E and which is used to join four external panels P of two sections of a wall that internally presents a wall arranged perpendicularly, that is, at 90 degrees, as as it is particularly portrayed in figure 31.

The fifth type of connecting element E has a flat plate shape with a rectangular contour, where a pair of recessed E1 cutouts are also present at each end, as well as an equal pair of 19/28 through holes E2. The recessed cutouts El are used to receive the FF fixing spindles used for the assembly of the panels P, while the through holes E2 are used to serve as a place for fixing, also through screws, external closing plates 5 they can be used to compose the structure that will contain the volume of concrete with which the walls can be filled, as shown in figure 31.

Figure 15, on the other hand, illustrates a sixth type of joining element, which is indicated by reference F and which has a configuration in the form of a letter "U" or "C" being indicated to join up to four units of panel P.

The sixth type of connection element F, as seen with the other connection elements, is a metallic component. The sixth type of connection element F consists of 15 parallel and extreme vertical plates F1 joined by a vertical and transversal plate F2.

The parallel and extreme vertical plates F1 each have a pair of oblong through holes F3, while the vertical and cross plate F2 has 20 through holes F4, which are suitable for receiving closing plates fixed by screws. The sixth type of connection element F lends itself to allow the closing of the face of walls as can be seen in figure 32.

Figure 16 illustrates an isolated perspective view 25 of a seventh type of joining element which is indicated by reference G and is used to produce the union of up to four units of the panel P used in the present construction system whenever there is a need to have two walls at 90 degrees forming a corner, the said seventh type of joining element G being used to join the outer panels P of these two walls arranged in a corner, but presenting the possibility that said external corner is arched or 5 rounded.

The seventh type of connecting element G is configured as an arcuate plate with a rectangular contour, which features recessed slits G1 at each of its ends, as well as an alignment of through holes G2 10 arranged at half its height. The through holes G2 are intended to receive screws used to produce the fixing of closing materials that follow the curvature of the said seventh connecting element.

Figure 17 illustrates a variant of the seventh type of connection element G depicted in Figure 16 and which also lends itself to unite up to four panel units, such a variant differing only in the dimensioning of its structure and the fact that it is referred to variant of the seventh type of joining element used to join the internal P panels of two walls arranged in a corner, 20 but presenting the possibility that said internal corner is arched or rounded.

Also in the variant of the seventh type of connecting element G, the recessed cutouts G1 are present, as well as the through holes G2 present in the main model. An example of the use of the aforementioned variant of the seventh type of connection element G can be seen in figure 39, a figure in which the main model of this connection element is also present.

Figure 18 illustrates a perspective view of an eighth type of joining element that is indicated by reference H and is used to produce the union of up to four units of the P panel used in the present construction system whenever there is a need to have two walls at 90 degrees forming a 5 corner, the said eighth type of joining element H being used to join the external panels P of these two walls arranged in a corner, but presenting the possibility that said external corner is inversely arched or rounded , OK! as shown schematically in figure 10 34.

The eighth type of connection element H is formed as a rectangular plate folded in three parts, the extreme parts H1 are straight and count, each one with a pair of recessed H2 cutouts, while the center part! H3 15 presents sections initially straight H3 'that converge to the center in a curved sector H4, loca! where through-holes H5 are provided, against which the means for closing the wall are fixed.

Figure 19 illustrates a variant of the eighth type of connection element H depicted in figure 18 and which also lends itself to joining up to four units of panel P, being that ta! variant differs only in the dimensioning of its structure and the fact that it is the aforementioned variant of the eighth type of joint element H used to join the internal P panels of two walls arranged in a corner, 25 but presenting the possibility that this referred internal corner is inversely arched or rounded, as can be seen in the aforementioned figure 34. formed as a rectangular plate folded in three parts, the extreme parts H1 being rectilinear and each having a pair of recessed H2 cutouts, whereas the central part presents a curved sector H4, loca! where H5 through-holes are provided, against which the means for closing the wall are fixed. The difference between the variant and the model of the eighth type of connection element H is basically in the proportions of its extreme and central parts.

The last of the joining elements provided for in the present constructive system and which is indicated by reference I is shown separately in figure 22 and is suitable for producing the union of four panels P, said ninth type of joining element I is arranged in the lower portion of the lower P panels of a wall section and also allows the fixing and leveling of baseboard R.

The ninth type of connecting element I has a shape in the form of a letter "U" and has parallel side walls 11, which are inferiorly joined by a bottom wall I2, the latter having, inferiorly, with nuts I3 fixed by The nuts! 3 receive corresponding 20 screws I4 that each have a sharp point I5 and that touch the floor on which the baseboard R must be positioned.

The parallel side walls 11 each have an external horizontal flap 16, and above the level of these flaps 16 are provided through holes 17 that receive 25 fixing spindles FF used to promote the fixation of panels P.

Below the level of the flaps 16, through oblong holes 18 are provided that receive screws 19 used to promote the fixing of the skirting boards R. The skirting boards R have an internal trench RI against which the lower edge of the corresponding panel P is fitted.

The ninth type of connection element I is also shown in Figure 23, where it is demonstrated in a condition of practical use. Also in figure 35 the ninth type of joint element I can be seen in perspective in a condition of practical use, where the screws that join the skirting boards R to the structure of the example of the ninth type of joint element I can be seen.

Figure 20 illustrates a schematic view that demonstrates, objectively, how the assembly of panels P occurs against a specimen of the first type of connection element A.

In the aforementioned figure 20 only the diametrically opposed lower P 15 panels are illustrated, and an example of the spindle and FF fixture is pictured in its condition of union with the inner nut of the panel, said spindle FF can then receive a corresponding nut FF'que is used to immobilize the panel P against the specimen of the first type of connection element A.

Figure 21, on the other hand, depicts another example of the first type of connection element A arranged and fixed between four panels P, and this figure also contains the FF spindles, as well as their respective FF 'nuts. Figure 21 also allows the observation of the internal region of each of the four panels P. The same figure 21 also depicts the use of AE spacing washers that are mounted at the points of union of panel P with the joining elements.

Figures 24, 25 and 26 show, respectively, perspective, side, sectional and top views, of an EF fastening element, which is defined as a spindle / wedge system, where the EF1 spindle counts, in addition to a front slot EFr, also a through-hole and oblong opening EF1 ”, where a wedge EF2 is housed, the latter provided with a cross-through hole EF2 '.

The EF fastener is used to promote the fastening of the lower regions of the P panels, where access to the use of the FF fastening spindles can be relatively difficult. The use of the EF fasteners is shown schematically in figure 36, where the EF1 spindles are threaded on the nuts P8, the tightening of these spindles and the fixing effect of the panel P is obtained when the wedge EF2 is inserted in the opening bypass EF1 ".

The placement of the EF2 wedge can be achieved using an impact tool, hammer or other conventional tools. The through hole EF2 'can be used so that the wedge EF2 can eventually be removed using a rod equipped with a hook (not shown) or another similar tool.

Figures 27 and 28 show, respectively, perspective and top views of another fastening element that is more specifically defined as a rebar fastening element indicated by reference K, which is used in conjunction with the first type of joining element A, such a fixing element K being used to allow the fixing of the rising rebars V to the first fixing elements A that integrate a raised wall according to the construction system in question.

Each fastening element K is configured as a metal plate K1 that has a central section of straight vertical wall K2, where a hole K3 is produced, which receives a fastening screw K4. The K5 ends of the Kl metal plate each have a K6 half-rod shape, 5 sized to be fully compatible with the V rebar diameter measurement, as shown in Figure 37.

Figure 29 illustrates a schematic view of a section of wall raised according to the construction system object 10 of this patent application, and where it can be seen how the joining of panels P occurs through the use of examples of the first and second joining elements.

Figure 29 portrays in practice a section of wall with its final height, since panels P are dimensioned in a way that three overlapping units of it correspond to an average height measurement. '• •'

Figure 30 illustrates schematically and in section the way in which two corner walls are arranged according to the constructive system now treated and where panels P are 20 essential components.

Figure 31 illustrates schematically and in section the way in which two walls are arranged mutually perpendicular according to the construction system presented here and where the panel P can also be observed.

Figure 32 illustrates schematically and in section the way in which the face of a wall is closed according to the construction system now proposed and where the sixth joining element F is used.

Figure 33 illustrates schematically and in section the way in which two corner walls made with panel P are arranged according to the construction system now proposed, with the area of effective corner of this union of walls being rounded, and where they are exemplary gifts of the seventh type of connection element G.

Figure 34 illustrates schematically and in section the way in which two corner walls made with panel P are arranged according to the construction system now proposed, and the region of effective corner of this union of walls is inversely rounded and where they are exemplary gifts of the eighth type of connecting element H.

Figure 35 illustrates a perspective view of a condition for practical use of the ninth type of connecting element I, such as that proposed in this patent application and where the use of R footers is illustrated.

Fig. 36 illustrates a perspective view of a condition of practical use of the fastening element J, which is defined as a spindle / wedge system, said view depicts, schematically, the use of two copies of said fastening element (spindle / wedge) in association with a specimen of the second type of connection element B to produce the connection of two panels P.

Fig. 37 illustrates a perspective view of a condition of practical use of the fastening element K which is used to allow the fixing of the rebar risers V to the first fastening elements A that integrate a raised wall according to the construction system in question, said view includes' '' '' 27/28 also the metal bar V1 that crosses the structure of the first connecting element A and that acts as a reinforcement strap;

Figure 38 illustrates a schematic and cross-sectional view of an EL slab structure properly incorporated on 5 two parallel walls produced with the P panels in question, these structures being elaborated according to the construction system, object of this patent application.

In the aforementioned figure 38 panels P are also used to compose the underside of the EL slab structure, which 10 includes conventional metallic frames AM seen in section, as well as blocks of insulating material Ml, with the entire structure being filled with AC concrete mortar. which is poured at once thus definitively joining the walls and the slab structure itself.

Figure 39 illustrates, schematically, a section of two corner walls, where the corner region has a reverse configuration obtained with the use of the H connecting elements.

Figure 40 illustrates, schematically, a section of wall produced using the panels P proposed in this 20 construction system, said view portrays the fact that the space between the internal and external panels can be partially occupied by a block of insulating material Ml , and the panel p pictured in this figure has slings X to promote the fixation of the insulating material block Ml.

Figure 41 illustrates a perspective view of a variant of the treated P panel, which already includes in its structure hooks X to allow the proper assembly of a block of insulating material M1.

The slings X ensure that the block of insulating material Ml maintains an adequate distance both in relation to the panel P in which it is effectively fixed, as well as in relation to the opposite panel P, thus creating spaces that can be filled with the concrete mortar.

Figure 42 illustrates, schematically, a section of wall produced using the P panels proposed in this construction system, said view portrays the fact that the space between the internal and external P panels can be partially occupied by a block of insulating material Ml , and the remaining space can later be filled with AC concrete mortar.

Figure 4-3 illustrates a section of wall constructed with the P panels adopted in the construction system in question, a view that lends itself to demonstrating that the P panels, both internal and external, can include P9 finishing patterns that start to characterize the face of the internal and / or external walls, thus dispensing specific and conventional finishing procedures,

Claims (14)

1 .- “CONSTRUCTIVE SYSTEM FOR BUILDINGS”, which is characterized by being based on the use of specimens of a panel (P), of elements of connecting elements (A), (B), (C), (D ), (E), (F), (G), (H) and (I), spindle / wedge fastening element (J) and rebar fastening element (K); the panel (P) is joined to the joining elements using fixing spindles (FF), nuts (FF ') and spacing washers (AE); the panel (P) is a piece preferably produced in cementitious material, presenting a structure (PI) that has a metallic core (P2) inside it, defined in the form of a grid with perimeter bars (P3 ) and internal bars arranged at 90 degrees (P4); the vertices of the metallic core (P2) receive structural reinforcement plates (P5) with elongated contour and arranged diagonally in relation to the quadrant in which they are fixed, the same occurring in the center of the edges of the metallic structure (P2), where they are mounted structural reinforcement plates (P5 ') with a square contour and arranged so as to cover the entire quadrant in which they are fixed; each of the structural reinforcement plates (P5) and (P5 ') is fixed by welding lines (P6) to the structure of the metal web (P2); the structural reinforcement plates (P5) and (P5 ') have a multiplicity of through holes (P7); each of the plates (P5) and (P5 ') has a nut (P8), which is also fixed by welding; the panel (P) proposed here may have one of its faces (PI) garnished with an ornamental pattern (P9), and the pattern ornamentates! (P9) originates from the molding process through which the panel (P) is obtained. 2 .- "CONSTRUCTIVE SYSTEM FOR BUILDINGS", according to claim 1, characterized by the first type of joining element (A) that is used to produce the union of up to eight panel units (P) is essentially a 5 T-shaped metal part, with vertical, parallel and extreme square plates (A1) duly joined by a central vertical and transversal plate (A2); the basic structure of the first type of connection element (A) also has flat structural reinforcement bars (A3) that connect the vertical, 10 parallel and extreme plates (A1); the vertical parallel and extreme plates (A1) have through holes (AT); the transverse and vertical central plate (A2) counts, in its upper central region, with two through holes indicated as (A2 ') and (A2 "), the first lower and larger diameter intended to receive the fixing element 15 (K ) that is used to retain the rising rebar (V); the through hole (A2 ~) upper and smaller diameter is intended to receive the rebar (V1) that integrates the reinforcement strap structure! that can be applied internally to the walls building. 3. ~ ‘CONSTRUCTIVE SYSTEM FOR BUILDINGS”, according to claim 1. Characterized by the second type of connecting element (B), which has a general shape! an “I” and has two vertical bars parallel and extreme (B1), which are joined by a central vertical and transverse bar (B2); the 25 parallel and extreme vertical bars (BI) have a respective through hole (BI /). 4 .- “CONSTRUCTIVE SYSTEM FOR BUILDINGS”, according to claim 1, characterized by the third type of joining element that is indicated by reference (C) and that is used to produce the union of up to two panel units ( P) used in the present construction system; the third type of connecting element (C) has a configuration similar to an elongated letter "C" 5 being formed by two short sections of extreme bars (C1), duly joined by a transverse and vertical bar (C2), and also through holes are provided (Cl ') - 5 .- "CONSTRUCTIVE SYSTEM FOR BUILDINGS", according to claim 1, characterized by the fourth 10 type of joining element, which is indicated by reference (D) and is used to produce the union of up to four units panel (P); the fourth type of joining element (D) is used to join external panels (P) with two walls preferably arranged at 90 degrees; the fourth type of joining element (D) has a configuration similar to an angle bracket, each of its plates (D1) having a pair of recessed cutouts (D2), as well as an equal pair of through holes (D3). 6 .- '' BUILDING SYSTEM FOR BUILDINGS ”, according to claim 1, characterized by the fifth type of joining element which is indicated by reference (E) and which is used to join four external panels (P) of two sections of a wall that internally has a wall arranged perpendicularly, that is, at 90 degrees; the fifth type of joining element (E) has a flat plate shape 25 with a rectangular outline, where a pair of recessed cutouts (El) are also present at each end, as well as an equal pair of through holes (E2). 7.-fl CONSTRUCTIVE SYSTEM FOR BUILDINGS ", according to claim 1Sharacterized by a sixth type of joining element, which is indicated by reference (F) and which presents a configuration in the form of a letter" U ", being indicated for joining up to four panel units (P); the sixth type of joining element (F) is composed of parallel and extreme vertical plates (F1) joined by a vertical and transversal plate (F2); the parallel and extreme vertical plates (F1) each have a pair of oblong through holes (F3), while the vertical and transversal plate (F2) has through holes (F4). 8 .- “CONSTRUCTIVE SYSTEM FOR BUILDINGS”, according to claim 1, characterized by the seventh type of joining element that is indicated by reference (G) and is used to produce the union of up to four panel units (P) used in the present construction system; the seventh type of connecting element (G) is configured as an arcuate plate with a rectangular contour, which features recessed cutouts (G1) at each of its ends, as well as an alignment of through holes (G2) arranged in half of its height. 9 .- "CONSTRUCTIVE SYSTEM FOR BUILDINGS", according to claim 1, characterized by the eighth type of connection element that is indicated by reference (H) and is used to produce the union of up to four panel units (P ) used in the present construction system; said eighth type of joining element (H) is formed as a rectangular plate folded in three parts, the extreme parts (Hl) are straight and have, each one with a pair of recessed indentations (H2), whereas the center part! (H3) presents initially straight sections (H3 ') that converge to the center in a cut sector (H4), a place where through holes are provided (H5). 10 .- “CONSTRUCTIVE SYSTEM FOR BUILDINGS”, according to claim 1, characterized by the ninth type of connecting element (I) that receives the baseboard assembly (R) and which presents a configuration in the form of a letter “U ”And has parallel side walls (II), which are inferiorly joined by a bottom wall (12), the latter counting, inferiorly, with nuts (13) fixed by welding; the nuts (13) receive corresponding screws (14) that each have a sharp point (I5) and that touch the floor on which the plinth (R) must be positioned; the parallel side walls (11) each have an external horizontal flap (I6), and above the level of these flaps (! 6) through holes are provided (I7); below the level of the flaps (I6), oblong through holes (18) are provided that receive screws (19) used to promote the fixing of the skirting boards (R), with the skirting boards (R) having an internal pit (RI) against which the bottom edge of the corresponding panel (P) is fitted. 11 .- “CONSTRUCTIVE SYSTEM FOR BUILDINGS”, according to claim 1, characterized by the fixing element (EF), which is defined as a spindle / wedge system, where the spindle (EF1) counts, in addition to a frontal slot (EF1 '), also with a through and oblong opening (EF 1 "), loca! where a wedge (EF2) is housed, the latter provided with a transversal through hole (EF2'). 12 .- “CONSTRUCTIVE SYSTEM FOR BUILDINGS”, according to claim 1, characterized by the rebar fastening element indicated by the reference (K), which is used in conjunction with the first type of connecting element (A), being ok! fastening element (K) used to allow the fastening of the risers (V) to the first fastening elements (A) that integrate a raised wall according to the construction system in question; the fixing element (K) is configured as a metal plate (K1) that has a central section of straight vertical wall (K2), where a hole (K3) is produced, which receives a fixing screw (K4); the ends (K5) of the metal plate (K1) each have a half-rod shape (K6). 13 .- “BUILDING BUILDING SYSTEM”, according to claim 1, characterized by the use of panels (P) in a slab structure (EL) that can be incorporated into walls produced with the panels (P) in question; the slab structure (EL) includes metal frames (AM), as well as blocks of insulating material (Ml), the entire structure being filled with concrete mortar (AC) that is poured at once thus definitively joining the walls and the slab structure itself. 14 .- "BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM”, according to claim 1, characterized by the use of panels (P) to allow the composition of a wall, where the space between the internal and external panels (P) can be partially occupied by a block of insulating material (Ml), the panel (P) may have slings (X) to promote the fixation of the block of insulating material (Ml), and the remaining spaces of the wall can be filled with concrete mortar .

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