BG65661B1 - Method and installation for recycling used plastic packaging - Google Patents

Abstract

The method and the installation are used for recycling used plastic bottles, cans, pieces of pipes, etc. that contain liquid oils residues. Such hazardous wastes are disposed of by a wasteless technology to obtain pellets of polymer and motor oil. The installation consists of an incoming conveyer (1) passing through a metal detector (2) as well as a crusher (11), a second inclined conveyer (6) entering the crusher (11), and a first screw conveyer (13) to a station for separation of impurities (14), and a hopper-collector (16). The station (14) is a flow-through centrifuge for separation of mechanical impurities and oil residues. A separator (28) for packaging containing metal impurities is located next to the incoming conveyer (1) right after the metal detector (2). After it there is a large oil bath (3) with a vibration damper (21) at the bottom thereof, a base (22) with a spring (23) being placed on the vibration damper (21), while on the base (22) there is located a vibrating platform (25) with vertical carrying axles (24), one of which is leading and is connected to a first motor (30) of a chain conveyer (27), vertical broaches (26) for neck-down positioning of the packaging (29) being placed thereon. An upender (36) is located above the beginning of the second inclined conveyer (6). The outlet of the crusher (11) is above the beginning of the first screw conveyer (13) with a riddle-shaped bottom over a small oil bath (12). The outlet of the centrifuge (14) is coupled to a second screw conveyer (15), whose end enters the first hopper-collector (16) of a granulator (17). A first oil-remover (8Æ) with an inlet oil filter (33) from the large oil bath (3) and a second oil-remover (8ÆÆ) with a second inlet oil filter (34) from the small oil bath (12) is connected to an oil pump (9), the latter being connected through an oil pipe (32) to a vessel (10) for collecting the removed oil. The belt of the inclined conveyer (6) is separated into reception sockets (35). The upender (36) is located in the zone of transferring the packaging (29) from the chain conveyer (27) onto the inclined conveyer (6). On the outside of the inclined conveyer (6) there is a stop flange (37). A synchronizer (38) is connected to the control of the first motor (30) of the chain conveyer (27) and of a second motor (39) of the inclined conveyer (6). A heater (4) is located inside the large oil bath (3), and it has a heating zone, in which the chain conveyer (27) is placed with the packaging (29) arranged thereon. A heat-insulating cover (40) serves to close the heating zone from above.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a method and installation for recycling used plastic packaging, in particular plastic bottles, tubes, tube pieces, etc., which contain residues of liquid oils.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Methods for recycling used oil-contaminated plastic products [1-4] are known by washing with dispersed mineral adsorbents, various solvents or surfactants.

Methods and installations for recycling used plastic packaging are known [5].

According to the known method, the starting material in the form of oil-contaminated plastic waste is fed and transported through a metal detector and, when determining the presence of metallic impurities, transportation is interrupted. The waste containing metallic impurities is then removed. The cleaned material is ground in advance, and the grinds are fed for secondary fine grinding. The milled material is homogenized and fed for washing with vigorous stirring in a counter flow of washing liquid, after which the used washing liquid and foam are removed from the top of the mixture. This is followed by drying the material up to 7-10% humidity and removing the impurities from it by uniformly stirring to distribute the various impurities in height, depending on their relative weight. The layer of purified plastic material in the form of a homogeneous polymer floats above. This layer was separated and further dried. The remaining precipitated mixture is fed for further treatment and purification in a similar manner. The purified material in the form of mills of polyethylene, polystyrene or other polymer is dried and stored for later use.

The known device consists of a coupled horizontal and inclined conveyor, pre-grinder, second inclined conveyor, fine grinder, pneumatic conveyor, flushing station with hopper-averager, to which there is a screw conveyor to a station for separation of impurities, after which the sequencers are disposed and hopper collector. A feed hopper is in front of the horizontal conveyor with a metal detector.

Known methods and devices reduce the content of residues from oily contaminants in plastic waste products, but the agents used themselves turn into "hazardous waste" and must be further disposed of by disposal.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the invention to provide a method and installation for recycling used plastic packaging, ensuring the purity of the resulting plastic raw material not only from oil contaminants but also from other chemical agents.

This task is solved by creating a method for recycling used, oil-contaminated plastic packages, in which the packages are fed and transported one after the other through a metal detector, and when determining the presence of metallic impurities in any package, transportation is interrupted. , and the package containing metallic impurities found therein is removed. Then, at a later stage, the packets are ground to a grinder of 5 to 15 mm. Immediately after removal of metallic impurities, the remaining oil-contaminated packages are positioned with the throat down and subjected to a gravity-shaking vibration at a frequency of 50 to 150 Hz for 0.5 to 2.5 hours, and the shaken packages are subjected to of grinding. The resulting mills are centrifuged at a flow rate of 1500 to 3000 rpm to remove other mechanical impurities and residual oil, whereby the oil extracted by shaking and centrifugation is collected in suitable containers for further disposal and the cleaned mills are granulated.

During gravity-shaking vibration, it is possible to further heat the oil in packages of up to 80 ° C.

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It is possible to further heat the space in which the gravitational-vibration vibration takes place.

Only the space in each shake box can be heated.

An installation is also being created to realize the method of recycling used, contaminated with oil, plastic packaging, which consists of an incoming conveyor passing through a metal detector, as well as a grinder into which an inclined conveyor enters, as well as the first screw conveyor to a station. impurity separation and hopper collector. The impurity separation station is a pass-through centrifuge for the separation of mechanical impurities and oil residues. A separator of metallic impurity packs is conveniently located next to the inlet conveyor immediately after the metal detector. After it there is a large oil bath with a vibration damper at its bottom, on which there is a base with springs, and on it a vibrating platform with vertical supporting axes, one of which is leading and connected to the first engine of a chain conveyor, on which there are vertical skewers for positioning on them with the throat down the packaging. The invert is located above the beginning of the second inclined conveyor. The outlet of the grinder is above the beginning of the first screw conveyor with a slatted bottom over a small oil bath. The outlet of the centrifuge is discharged with a second screw conveyor, the end of which enters the first hopper collector of a granulator. A first oil drain with an oil filter inlet from the large oil bath and a second oil drain with a second oil filter in the small oil bath are connected to an oil pump which is connected to the oil collection vessel via an oil pipeline. The inclined conveyor belt is divided into receiving sockets. The reverser is located in the transfer area of the chain conveyor to the inclined conveyor. There is a restraint on the outside of the inclined conveyor. The synchronizer is connected to the control of the first chain conveyor engine and the second slope conveyor engine. The heater is located in the large oil bath and has a heating zone in which the chain conveyor with its packages is located. The thermal insulation cover is to close the heating area from above.

The heater may be located on the underside of the lid and spatially distributed above the chain conveyor movement line.

The skewers may be hollow and connected below to a common flexible conduit, which is connected to a hot air source through another flexible conduit.

The hollow skewers may be foldable and each of them provided with a stopcock at its inlet to the common flexible air duct.

The advantages of the invention are that it disposes of hazardous plastic packaging waste containing motor oil residues without turning it into new hazardous waste. In addition, classic machines and equipment are used, and the method and installation itself for the degreasing and recycling of used packaging realize a waste-free technology with separate production of polymer granules and separate engine oil.

Explanation of the annexed figures

In more detail, the invention is illustrated by an exemplary embodiment of an installation implementing the method of recycling used oil-contaminated plastic packaging where:

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the installation seen from above;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view along AA of the installation of FIG. 1 with solid skewers;

3 is a sectional view along AA of the installation of FIG. 1 with hollow skewers;

4 is a sectional view along the BB of the installation of FIG. 1;

Figure 5 shows the hollow folding skewers 26 in an upright and folded position.

An exemplary embodiment of the invention

The installation of the recycling figures for used, oil-contaminated plastic packaging consists of an inlet conveyor 1 passing through a metal detector 2, as well as a grinder 11, which includes an inclined conveyor 6, as well as a first screw conveyor.

65661 Bl to impurity separation station 14, and hopper collector 16. Impurity separation station 14 is a pass-through centrifuge for separation of mechanical impurities and oil residues. The separator 28 of the metallic impurities packages 29 is suitably positioned next to the inlet conveyor 1 immediately after the metal detector 2. Thereafter there is a large oil bath 3 with a vibration damper 21 at its bottom, on which a base 22 with springs 23 is placed, and on it a vibrating platform. 25 with vertical carrier axes 24, one of which is leading and connected to the first motor 30, of a chain conveyor 27, on which there are vertical skewers 26 for positioning thereon with the throat downwards on the packaging 29. The facing 36 is located above the beginning of the inclined conveyor 6. The outlet of the grinder 11 is above the beginning of the first screw conveyor 13 with a slatted bottom above a small oil bath 12. The outlet of the centrifuge 14 is discharged with a second screw conveyor 15, the end of which enters the first hopper collector 16 of the granulator 17. Firstly oil drain 8 'with oil filter inlet 33 from the large oil tank 3 and a second oil drain 8 with second oil filter 34 from the small oil tank 12 is connected to an oil pump 9 which is connected to a vessel 10 to collect the separated oil via oil line 32. The belt of the inclined conveyor 6 is divided into receiving sockets 35. The turner 36 is located in the transfer area 29 of the chain conveyor 27 of the inclined conveyor 6. There is a restraint board 37 on the outside of the inclined conveyor 6. The synchronizer 38 is connected to the control. of the first engine 30 of the chain conveyor 27 and of the second engine 39 of the inclined conveyor 6. The heater 4 is located in the large oil bath 3 and has a heating zone in which the chain conveyor 27 is located 29. The heat-insulating lid 40 is for closure at the top of the heating zone.

The heater 4 may be located on the underside of the lid 40 and be spatially distributed above the line of movement of the chain conveyor 27 (not shown in the figures).

The skewers 26 may be hollow (Fig. 3) and connected below to a common flexible conduit 41, which through another flexible conduit 42 is connected to a source of hot air 43.

It is possible (Fig. 5) that the hollow skewers 26 are foldable and each of them is provided with a stop valve not shown in the figures at its entrance to the common flexible air duct 41.

Effect of the invention

The device depicted in the figures and implementing the method works as follows. The used packages 29 are placed on a conveyor belt 1 through which they pass through a metal detector 2 and a detachment of packages 29 with metal impurities, which removes these packages. The rest of the used packages 29 are placed with their opening down on the skewers 26 of the chain conveyor, driven by the first motor 30 through the drive chain 31 and the vertical support axes 24. The constant vibrations of the platform 25 on the springs 23 and the base 22 with the vibration damper 21 provide the possibility of contaminants residues of liquid oils that drain into the large oil tank 3. The length of the chain conveyor 27 is sufficient for the required throughput. The bottles 26 are spaced apart, allowing contaminated packaging to be arranged in any size. When the bottles 26 are foldable, some of them fold, for example through one, and this allows the other straight bottles 26 to be stacked with packages 29 with larger transverse dimensions. When a bar 26 is folded, its shut-off valve 5 closes the inlet to the common flexible air duct 41, thus preventing excess hot air flow from the other flexible duct 42 and the hot air source 43. By adjusting the speed of the first engine 30, the speed is controlled. of movement of the chain conveyor 27 and a 0.5 to 2.5 hour residence of the packs 29 in the vibro zone is provided. By adjusting the speed of the vibration motors 7, the frequency of vibration is changed from 50 to 150 Hz. The heater 4, when necessary, when the temperature of the incoming packagings 29 is low, provides them with heating, thereby reducing the viscosity of the residual oil in them and contributing to a more complete drainage into the large mass5.

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After the shaking is complete, the waste packages 29, under the influence of the inverted 36, fall into the receiving sockets 35 of the belt of the inclined conveyor 6, which is driven by the second engine 39 in synchrony with the chain conveyor 27. The board 37 prevents the packages 29 from falling on the other side. of the inclined conveyor 6. The motors 30 and 39 are synchronized through the synchronizer 38.

The packages 29 are then fed into the grinder 11 and milled to mills of a size slightly larger than the openings of the centrifuge 14 for the separated oil. These mills, through the first screw conveyor 13, enter the centrifuge 14, in which they are degreased transversely at 1500 to 3000 rpm under the action of centrifugal forces to release the remaining amounts of oil. At the same time, mechanical impurities are released in the centrifuge 14, which are smaller than its orifices for the separated oil.

The oil residues in the first screw conveyor 15 and the centrifuge 14 drain into the small oil bath 12.

The reduced residual oil content in the mills of the waste polymer acts as a plasticizer and almost does not change the melt index on subsequent granulation.

The resulting polymer mills are fed through the second transport auger 15 into the first hopper collector 16, and then into the granulating machine with a granulator 17. The molten polymer is passed through a filter 18 and granulated into the granulator 17 to form a granulate which is stored in a second hopper 20.

The engine oil from the tubs 3 and 12 is pumped through the pump 9 through the oil filters 33 and 34 through the oil outlets 8 'and 8 and the oil line 32 is collected in the storage tank 10.

It is possible to use the heater 4 to reduce heat loss when it is on the underside of the lid 40 and is spatially distributed above the chain conveyor movement line 27.

In order to accelerate the flow of residual oil into the packages through the hollow bottles 26, hot air is supplied from the pipeline 41 through the flexible pipeline 42 to the hot air source 43.

Recycled waste polymer packaging can be reused in the production of new packaging for other purposes, and the collected oils are transferred to specialized companies for later use.

Examples of carrying out the invention

Example 1. Used degreasing and recycling used plastic tubes that feed into the inlet. They contain 2.4-16.8% residual engine oil, determined per 100 kg of waste tubes. After 2 hours of vibration at a frequency of 80 Hz in warmed to 40-80 ° C, they contain 0.1-4.4% residual oil. The oil is collected in a large oil bath 3. The waste tubes thus treated are ground to 5-15 mm sizes and subjected to additional centrifugal degreasing. The residual engine oil content in the material is reduced to 0.5-1.5%. The melt index of the high density polyethylene polymer material (determined at a load of 5 kg and a temperature of 190 ° C) obtained by the installation is 0.61 g / 10 min.

EXAMPLE 2 Waste plastic bottles containing 0.4-6.0% residual engine oil were subjected to degreasing. At 2 h vibrations with a frequency of 150 Hz they contain 0.2-1.4% residual oil. The melt index of the polymer material is 1.49 g / 10 min.

This shows that in both examples this recycled granulate is suitable for adding in certain quantities to the primary granulate in the manufacture of new packages.

Claims (8)

Claims 1. A method for recycling used oil-contaminated plastic containers, which are fed and transported one after the other through a metal detector, discontinuing transportation when detecting the presence of metallic impurities in any package and opening the container with open ones. metal impurities are removed, and then at a certain stage the packages are ground to 5 to 15 mm mills, characterized in that, immediately after removal of the metal impurities packages, the remaining oil contaminated containers are positioned with the throat. adolu and subjected to 65661 Bl gravity-vibration vibration at a frequency of 50 to 150 Hz for 0.5 to 2.5 hours and shake the packets to be ground and the resulting mills centrifuged through a flow rate of 1500 to 3000 rpm to separate the others mechanical impurities and residual oil residues whereby the oil extracted by shaking and centrifugation is collected in suitable containers for further disposal and the cleaned milks are granulated. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that during the gravity-shaking vibration, additional heating of the oil is carried out in packages from 40 to 80 ° C. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the space in which the gravitational-vibration vibration occurs is heated. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that only the space in each shake pack is heated. 5. A recycling plant for used, oil-contaminated plastic packaging consisting of an incoming conveyor passing through a metal detector as well as a grinder into which an inclined conveyor enters, as well as a first auger conveyor to an impurity separation station, and a hopper collector, characterized in that the impurity separation station (14) is a through-passage centrifuge for separating mechanical impurities and oil residues, the dispenser (28) of the metallic impurity packs (29) being disposed appropriately to the inlet m an importer (1) immediately after the metal detector (2), after which there is a large oil bath (3) with a vibration extinguisher (21) at its bottom, on which the vibration extinguisher (21) has a base (22) with springs (23), and on the base (22) there is a vibrating platform (25) with vertical support axes (24), one of which is leading and connected to a first motor (30) of a chain conveyor (27), on which there are vertical skewers (26) positioning on them, with the neck down on the packages (29), in which the inverted (36) is located above the beginning of the inclined conveyor (6) and the outlet n and the grinder (11) is above the beginning of the first screw conveyor (13) with a lattice bottom above a small oil bath (12), the outlet of the centrifuge (14) being discharged by a second screw conveyor (15) whose end enters the first hopper manifold. (16) of a granulator (17), wherein a first oil drain (8 ') with an oil filter inlet (33) from the large oil bath (3) and a second oil drain (8) with a second oil filter inlet (34) from a small oil bath (12) is connected to an oil pump (9) which, through an oil pipeline (32), is connected to a vessel (10) to collect the separated oil, such as the inclined belt the conveyor (6) is divided into receiving sockets (35), and the turner (36) is located in the transfer zone (29) from the chain conveyor (27) to the inclined conveyor (6), whereby on the outside of the inclined conveyor (6) has a stop board (37), and a synchronizer (38) is connected to the control of the first motor (30) of the chain conveyor (27) and the second engine (39) of the inclined conveyor (6), whereby the heater (4) ) is located in the large oil bath (3) and has a heating zone in which the chain conveyor (27) is located with the packages (29) placed on it, and the thermal insulation lid (40) is for closing at the top of the heating zone. Installation according to claim 5, characterized in that the heater (4) is located on the underside of the lid (40) and is spatially distributed over the chain conveyor movement line (27). Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the skewers (26) are hollow and connected from below to a common flexible conduit (41) which is connected to a hot air source (43) through another flexible conduit (42). Installation according to claim 7, characterized in that the skewers (26) are foldable and each of them is provided with a shut-off valve at its inlet to the common flexible air duct (41).