BG65338B1 - Training and service rocket shell projectile and thrower for the discharge thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The training-and service rocket shell projectile (RS) is designed for conducting training procedures in simulations, approaching to a maximum the service ones in the manner of their carrying out, of launching (firing practice). It can be used for training and maintaining the combat readiness of the personnel in the Air Force, the Ground Services and other units of the Armed Forces, the military equipment and weapons of which include launching units and launching rocket projectiles for RS of 57 mm calibre and larger, the costs for this being greatly reduced, and the storage supplies of RS out of the armament and subject to destruction or utilization can be utilized by minimum costs and maximum benefit. For this purpose, to the rocket part of a standard RS (1), for example a 37-mm airforce RS of the C-5KO or C-5MO a new, practically warhead (2) is mounted, which in distinction from the standard warhead is made, when the fragmentation charge of the blast explosive (BE) is replaced by ecologically harmless inert substances (imitators) and in the warhead body fairly small-weight fume-and-flash forming pyrotechnic composition and a charge of BE (12) can be pressed, with a positioned standard capsule detonator in it. The latter, after the actuation of the standard or the modified front impact fuse, detonates the warhead with sufficient fume, flashing sound or combined effect, sufficient to be perceived by the firing personnel, the side observers or the equipment registering the hits, without having any hazardous environmental effect and to the adjacent personnel found in the open air. The practical warhead can be made, being entirely inert, by the same or increased mass in comparison with the standard warhead, and the rocket part can be made with reduced energy power of its rocket charge and/or increased mass, wherein the firing distances with the Training and Service Rocket Shell projectile are multiply reduced. This allows that the training and service firing, used by it to be held within the boundaries of the training sites in the territory of the military units and not in specially equipped firing ranges of big length and area. The projectile can be fired from launching units and devices for non-guided projectiles of the same or of a larger calibre , and the launching tubes (guiding) of a larger calibre are further equipped with supplementary launching devices.

Description

The invention relates to a training rocket projectile (PC) and launcher for its launch, intended for conducting training procedures and simulation, etc. training launches and firing, which in the manner of their conduct are as close as possible to the firing launches (firing).

The invention can be used in the training and maintenance of combat capabilities of relevant personnel in the Air Force, in the ground forces, the Navy and other divisions of the Armed Forces of States possessing military equipment and weapons, including aircraft launchers, and launchers Shells of the type MLS, with a caliber of 57 mm or greater.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Air Force fighters and helicopters are deployed in the Air Force and the armies of almost every country to support ground units equipped with multi-charge launchers for unmanaged aerial missiles (PC) and 57 mm caliber rockets and larger. 1,2].

In the Army, Navy, and other units of the Armed Forces, multipurpose launchers are used for different-caliber RS ground artillery, a typical representative of which are the BM-21 and 122 mm PC M-21OF combat vehicles located therein. of arms in different countries [3].

RS to these weapons systems are unmanaged rockets, traditionally designed [1,2,3] and consisting of a rear missile (RF) and a front warhead (BF) coupled to each other, equipped with a fuze and capable of firing according to their device. , cumulative-shard or other type of striking action, the radius of the striking shard action area for various purposes being between 40 and 250 meters or more, and the blast shock causes irreparable damage to the environment and objects within a radius the magnitude of which is determined by the mass of the combat gear on the front.

The RF is electrically actuated by an igniter and is traditionally equipped with a fin stabilizer with a contact bottom, capable of providing maximum firing distances of 2 to 40 km according to PC caliber, rocket propellant charge and firing conditions.

Known combat propulsion projectile (PC), including sequentially mounted and mounted to each other warhead, equipped with a fairing, equipment and, impact fuze, and a subsequent missile. The rocket contains a metal combustion chamber, an electrically ignited rocket charge and a fin stabilizer with a contact bottom. The equipment of the warhead is made up of a hull with at least two explosive explosive (BBV) blasting units and detonators installed in it, and combustion-indicating components located around the burst charge [4].

In terms of dimensions, outline, mass and aerodynamic characteristics, the known device reproduces standard projectile weapons, but does not contain their inherent combat equipment. This is accomplished with the projectile being made up of three main parts

- in front of a monolithic metal fairing, constituting most of the mass of the practical projectile;

- behind it a medium effective part, in a shell of which is placed practical equipment of a burst charge filled by TNT in a central tube and laterally sectorally shaped prismatic elements made of smoke and / or light forming by compression (glittering) effect indicating substances (pyrotechnic compositions) used in the art;

- the lower lumbar region, internally with a cavity comprising a central projection, in which is more

65338 Bl local blower with electric generator and detonator ignited.

The practical projectile thus constructed, after firing it, is triggered by a blow to the target (in a barrier), and the detonator at the bottom of the projectile, which in turn initiates the bursting TNT charge, ignites the charged generator during its acceleration. The products of the explosion of the latter, by crushing and discharging the laterally indicative substance, ignite its particles, which, by their appearance, burn with smoke and / or shine (light), visualizing the location of the projectile's impact. To the extent that the outer shell and center tube of the middle effective portion of the practical projectile are made of lightweight material, their fragments have a limited radius (danger zone) of spillage several times compared to the projectile, which accordingly reduces the danger to nearby objects or personnel.

A launcher is known for launching a training projectile rocket including a container with metal guides, in which the rocket is restrained to a full stop and held there by means of a device (tie clamp), such as the rocket being connected to a control device. for launch [5].

Front and back to the container are two externally sealed caps mounted externally, designed to allow tearing and detaching of the caps during rocket firing without interfering with it.

The container provides for the storage, transportation and launching of missiles so placed in it. The presented device is not usable for rockets fired by launchers whose diameter corresponds to the diameter (caliber) of the rockets. To launch missiles of a smaller caliber than the standard missiles, the device must be significantly modified by installing new guide rails (bars) and other elements inherent in its construction. Subsequent use of standard missiles should take time and money to dismantle and bring it back to its original state.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the invention to provide a simplified and maximally unified structural rocket projectile (PC) for the purpose of training and maintaining the combat skills of the personnel of the relevant units of the Armed Forces by virtue of conducting training fire all manipulations on the preparation of combat equipment are reproduced, and which, after launching, imitates the action of standard PCs of a given type and caliber on the correspondingly reduced scales - the action of the MS when hit in the target, distances He is shooting and others.

The object of the invention is to be solved by a training reactive projectile (PC) comprising a sequentially mounted and mounted combat unit equipped with a fairing, an equipment and a fuze, and a subsequent missile portion. The rocket contains a metal combustion chamber, an electrically ignited rocket charge and a fin stabilizer with a contact bottom. The equipment of the warhead is made up of a hull with at least two explosive explosive (BBV) blasting units installed in it, in the form of a burst charge and a detonator, and of bursting indications surrounding the bursting charge. According to the invention, the training missile comprises a warhead consisting of consecutively arranged and fronted fairings, a metal body and a connecting sleeve with a support. In the metal body, one by one, in front of one another, there is a cross-section of a substance - a simulator of BVB, a metal cylindrical weight, and a subsequent cross-section of the substance-a simulator of the BVV. The metal weight is isolated from the padding. The portions of the pyrotechnic composition and the BVB are pressed side by side into the housing on the press, in the central socket of which there is a capsuldetonator fixed with the help of a pad and a metal disk, filled with a central opening and pressed against the forehead of the BV from screwed inside to housing and fairing co

65338 B1 single ring. A standard or modified front fuze is mounted in the front of the fairing hole with a detonator cap directed to the detonator cap. The warhead thus assembled has a mass equal to or greater than that of the standard warhead and is coupled by a rocket-type coupling sleeve.

The practical warhead is implemented, and the BVB with the capsule-detonator socket is pressed directly to the BVW imitator shaped as a presser.

The missile section is made of a thick-walled combustion chamber with a mass greater than that of the standard chamber, and with a rocket charge of reduced size, mass and power compared to those of a standard charge.

The practical warhead in place of the pyrotechnic composition and the BVV with the capsule-detonator is made by the substance - the simulator of the BVB, and the front fuze is a size-weight model.

The practical BCH simulator substance is prepared as a composition of suitable inert and plasticizing agents (sulfur / paraffin, potassium nitrate / paraffin, fine-grained dry river sand / paraffin, etc.) or as a granulated composition, granulated, representing water-soluble and environmentally friendly substances, and plasticizing (binder) (ammonium nitrate / paraffin, potassium chloride / paraffin, potassium superphosphate / paraffin, etc.), and as plasticizers (binders) can be used solid and purified high-melting petroleum products or their paraffin derivatives, oxyzine, etc., the contents of which in the compositions may vary from 5 to 20%.

The task is also solved with a launcher for launching a combat rocket projectile, including a container with metal guides, in which the rocket is placed fully back, held by a connecting clip. According to the invention, the launcher is housed in the standard launcher of a rocket system in excess of the caliber of the projectile and consists of an additional launch tube for its launch with front mounted on it cone - cylindrical bushing. Cylindrical centering sleeves are mounted in the middle of the sleeve. To the rear of the auxiliary tube, a fixed-switching device (PKU) is mounted, in contact with a standard insulated moving contact and with the metal parts of the jet system. A guide pin is secured to the rear cylindrical sleeve, secured by the stopper to the standard starting tube, and a built-in FCU detachable retainer locks the projectile into the additional starting tube.

Advantages of the combat charge and the launcher are the following.

The amount of funding needed to reduce the amount of ammunition required for the training and maintenance of combat readiness of personnel is reduced several times, with standard PCs being used primarily for evaluation firing periodically in several reduced quantities. The danger of impact on the environment and objects, on the personnel involved in the preparation and carrying out of firing and combat firing, as well as the danger for the population near the training grounds and training grounds, is sharply reduced. The need for technical equipment, security and other equipment and measures for the protection of personnel and persons near the training grounds and training grounds is significantly reduced, provided that they are located outside the area of direct hit of the training PCs. The use of the combat training PC for training and keeping personnel ready for the MLRS combat vehicles can be carried out on small training sites, including within the territory of the respective units, which further saves costs from organizational and material and technical in nature for the removal and movement of combat equipment and personnel over considerable distances. A training PC intended for use by MLRS combat vehicles may be designed in such a way as to reuse some of its elements, such as RF enclosures.

65338 Bl

Launching the training PC using additional launchers installed in large-caliber reactive systems does not result in their natural export and depletion of their technical resources during firing, which provides a longer service life and reduced maintenance costs. In the presence of sufficient stockpiles of standard C-5 type aircraft, the use of which in peacetime is exclusively for conducting aviation training, these can be processed at a minimal cost into a PC according to the invention and used in ways, mentioned above. The practical warhead in the above embodiments can be used after appropriate adaptation and arrangement of training ammunition for grenade launchers, mortars and artillery weapons.

Description of the attached figures

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, where:

Figure 1 is a training projectile rocket:

(a) with a standard aircraft rocket launcher and a basic practical combat implementation;

(b) with a practical warhead with a reduced explosive charge;

c) with a practical combat unit without pyrotechnic composition;

d) with a practical combat unit entirely inert equipment;

e) with a rocket unit with a low energy rocket charge.

Figure 2 is a diagram of an additional launcher to rocket launcher systems with a caliber greater than the caliber of the combat projectile.

Examples of carrying out the invention

The invention is illustrated by the exemplary embodiments of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2.

In FIG. 1 a) a training missile (PC) device 1 is presented when it consists of a practical combat unit (RB) 2 assembled and a rocket unit (RF) assembled

3, for example, a standard aircraft of type C-5KO or C5MO borrowed from 57 mm. In RF 3 the standard delta wall thick combustion chamber 21 is used] electrically ignited cylindrical rocket charge 22 with outer diameter D] and channel diameter d _kl and a fin stabilizer with contact bottom 4 to which the ignition conductors are internally connected.

The practical warhead 2 of PC 1 is arranged (Fig. 1 a), in the cylindrical rear part of the metal housing 5 is made inert equipment from the sequentially located back-forward cross section 6 of the substance-explosive substance (BB), metal cylindrical weight 7 having dimensions and mass that provide the set mass and center of gravity of the BS 2 and PC 1 as a whole, and its subsequent compression 9 by the BB simulator occupying this volume in the standard warhead. In this case, the metal weight 7 can be isolated from the presses 6 and 9 by means of the pads 8. In the front of the housing 5 on the imprint 9 by the simulator are simultaneously pressed in series with each other a small mass of pyrotechnic composition 10, which can contain as constituents smoke and light-emitting substances of different color and gloss power according to the shooting conditions - day or night, without exhibiting or possessing low explosive properties, and a portion of standard high explosive material MENT (BVV) 12 having formed therein a central slot in which is inserted a standard blasting cap 11 of the beam or other suitable type. The stable position of the detonator capsule 11 in the socket is provided by a support 13 and a metal disk 14 having a central opening which are pressed against the flange face of the detonator cap 11 and BVB 12 by a connecting ring 15 screwed into the housing 5 in the front . Up to the abutment of the housing 5 on the connecting ring 15, a fairing 16 of a standard warmer is screwed, with a front fuse 17 mounted in front, whose detonator 18 is directed to the capsule detonator 11. Thus arranged, the practical warhead 2 is mounted in the front in the connecting sleeve 19. of RF 3.

It is possible to execute MS 2 when

65338 Bl, instead of presses 6 and 9, separate presses of the simulator substance or one joint are used, which are housed in the housing 5 and secured there together with the weight 7 by means of a suitable fastener or mechanically by clamping with the aid located between the BC 2 and the connecting sleeve 19 of the pad 20. In this case, the housing 10 and the BV 12 are pre-pressed into the housing 5.

In FIG. 16) a variant of embodiment of the practical BW 2 is presented, in which the BWB 12 is pressed into the central cylindrical opening of the pyrotechnic composition 10, pressed in the housing 5. In this case, it is possible to replace the composition 10 with the simulator from which it is made blade 9, which minimizes the blasting and light effects under the action of the blade 2.

In FIG. 1 (c) shows an embodiment of BCH 2, in which the composition 10 is replaced by the imitator and is pressed as a whole with the press 9 and the BVB 12 is then pressed individually.

In FIG. 1 d) a fragment of BS 2 is presented in a completely inert equipment, wherein the composition 10 and BVV 12 is replaced by a single press 9 of the inert substance simulator, eliminating the use of the capsuldetonator 11. In this embodiment of the BS 2 the fuse 17 is replaced by its layout or inert layout.

In FIG. 1e) is shown as a fragment of PC 1 variant of RF 3, made by combustion chamber 23 with increased wall thickness delta ₂ and mass and respectively rocket charge 24 with reduced outer diameter D ₂ , channel diameter d _k2 and mass. This embodiment, in addition to the reduced energy of RF 3, also provides for the possibility of reuse after recycling of some of its elements, such as those designated under headings 19, 23 and 4.

In FIG. 2 shows schematically the retrofitting of one of the launch tubes - the guides - to a rocket-propelled rocket launcher system, for example, 122 mm MLRS BM-21 "GRAD", for firing the smaller-caliber training PC 1.

For this purpose, in the MLRS starting tube 25, an additional starting device 26 for PC 1 is installed, comprising as a basic element an additional guide tube 27 with centering bushings 28 mounted on it at the front, and cylindrical bushings 29 in the middle and at the rear thereof. the last sleeve 29 being provided with a guide pin 31 corresponding to the guide pin of the standard PC to the jet system and allowing locking and locking against the backward movement of the trigger 26 of the system stop 32. At the rear, the guide tube 27 is provided with a locking device (PKU) 30, which secures the starter device 26 against forward movement and locks the PC 1 during loading by means of a retainer 33 mounted on the device 30, and by a built-in locking device. suitable way in the PKU 30 conductive parts - the electrode of the PC 1 for firing.

The device 30 in overall dimensions and outer contour of its rear imitates the corresponding part of the standard PC to the jet system and provides a supply voltage U for electrocution to PC 1 through the standard insulated movable contact 34 and the metal parts of the system.

Application of the invention

The combat-training PC 1 performed according to the invention functions in its firing after the U is energized as well as the standard aviation PC.

The action of BC 2 is different when it hits a target or barrier, when the front fuse is triggered by the impact 17. The latter triggers the detonator cap 11 via its detonator 18, and in turn blows up the explosive from the BVB 12, which destroys with a small power of the hull body 5, ignites and disperses the pyrotechnic composition 10 and the pressures 6 and 9 of the substance of the BVI simulator. The resulting sound, light and smoke effects accurately mark the hit point of PC 1 for both the shooter as well as the bystanders and the hit recording equipment.

65338 Bl

The low blasting power of MS 2 does not lead to the formation of dangerous fragments and destructive effects on the environment and objects, including no mechanical damage to the metallic elements of the RF, which allows after the dismantling and recycling of some of them.

The emitted substances and components of the pyrotechnic compositions after blasting do not pose an environmental hazard to the soil and water, and the metal and other parts destroyed at the point of contact remain intact and allow their seamless collection and utilization.

Different is the operation of PC 1 whose RF 3 is implemented in one of the ways to reduce its energy capabilities, for example as shown in FIG. 1e).

The increased mass of RF 3 at the expense of the thicker combustion chamber 23 and the reduced mass of charge 24 of the rocket fuel, according to known physical laws, lead to a correspondingly reduced starting and maximum speed of PC 1, and hence to shorter firing distances.

This provides an additional opportunity for upgrading launchers of larger-caliber rocket launchers according to Figure 2 to fire PC 1 at much shorter distances than standard PCs.

The action of the retrofit according to FIG. 2, a starting device 26, the detailed implementation of which, in addition to the principle shown, should also comply with the lower starting speeds and, accordingly, the lower angular velocities of the PC 1, which is decided by well-known technical means, is as follows:

The individual elements of the starting device 26 are pre-assembled to the main part thereof - the guide PC 1 starting tube 27 - as is generally known in the art and adopted in the particular development of the construction of assembly methods to its state, shown in FIG. 2. The device 26 is then placed in the standard firing tube of the combat system as is done when loading the system standard PC, with the lock 26 and the leading pin 31 the device 26 securely secured in the standard firing tube 25 of the combat system. jet combat system. By releasing the stopper 32, the trigger 26 is released and can be removed from the trigger tube 25, bringing the combat system back to its original state.

When loading PC 1 into the starting device 26, it is locked by the latch 33 of the locking-switching device 30, and then set a specific direction - elevation - of the starting tube 25 of the system according to the set table with additional conditional (training-combat) firing table PC flight distance 1. The other missile firing and scoring operations do not differ from those of standard PC firing.

The simplified design of the practical warhead and the use of standard RFs or their elements for the proposed combat projectile make it available for production wherever there is adequate capacity and production and technical experience, including through the use of standard PC elements found in storage and disposable for one reason or another.

The additional mounted launcher can be made of traditional and affordable materials both in conventional factories and in military-repair bases carrying out the repair and rehabilitation of the respective systems of military equipment and weapons.

Claims (6)

1. A combat-rocket projectile (PC) comprising a sequentially mounted and mounted combat unit equipped with a fairing, an equipment and an impact fuze, and a subsequent rocket unit containing a metallic combustion chamber, an electrically ignited rocket-propellant charge stabilizer with contact bottom, as equipped 65338 The blade of the warhead is made up of a housing with at least two explosive explosive (BBV) bursts mounted therein as a burst charge and a detonator, and burnt bursting bursts located around the burst charge, characterized in that that the warhead (2) consists of consecutively spaced and joined front fairings (16), a metal housing (5) and a connecting sleeve (19) with a support (20), such that in the metal housing (5), one next to the other a backward section (6) of substances is located behind - BVB simulator, metal cylindrical weight (7) and subsequent press (9) from the BVB imitator, the metal weight (7) being isolated from the presses (6 and 9) with washers (8) and in the front of the housing (5) portions of an indicator pyrotechnic composition (10) and a BVB (12) are pressed side by side on the press (9), into which a capsule-detonator (11) is fixed in the central socket, fixed by means of a support ( 13) and a metal disk (14), which are filled with a central opening and are pressed against the face of the BVB (12) by a screw thread inside the housing (5) and a fairing (16) a coupling ring (15), and a standard or modified front fuse (17) with a detonator cap (11) directed to the capsule detonator (11) with its own detonator (18) is mounted in front of the fairing opening (16), thus assembling the warhead ( 2) having a mass equal to or greater than that of the standard mass and connected by means of the connecting sleeve (19) to the rocket portion (3). A projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the practical BCH (2) is arranged, with the BVB (12) with a capsule-detonator socket (11) pressed directly to the BOB simulator substance (9) . Projectile according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the rocket part (3) is provided with a thick-walled combustion chamber (23) with a mass greater than that of the standard chamber (21) and with a rocket charge ( 24) reduced in size, mass and energy compared to standard charge (22). A projectile according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the practical PS (2) in the place of the pyrotechnic with tray (10) and BVB (12) with the capsule detonator (11) is made by the simulator substance. BVB, and the front fuse (17) is an overall weight model. A projectile according to claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that in the practical MS (2) the BVB imitator is prepared as a composition of suitable inert and plasticizing (binder) sulfur / paraffin, potassium nitrate / paraffin, fine-grained dry river sand / paraffin, etc.) or as a composition of granular artificial preparations representing water-soluble and environmentally friendly substances, and a plasticizing agent (ammonium nitrate / paraffin, potassium chloride / paraffin / paraffin / paraffin) (paraffin, etc.), and as plastics (binders) can be used solid purified high-melting petroleum products or their derivatives-paraffin, oxyzine and the like. below, the content of which in the compositions may vary from 5 to 20%. 6. Launcher for launching a combat missile projectile including a container with metal guides in which the rocket is restrained upright, held in place by a connecting clip, the rocket being coupled to a launch control device, characterized in that that the launcher (26) is housed in the standard launch tube (25) of a rocket system in excess of the caliber of the projectile (1) and is composed of an additional launch tube (27) for launching it with front cone mounted on it o-cylindrical bushing (28) and in the middle and at the rear there are cylindrical centering bushes (29), with a locking-switching device (PKU) (30) in contact with a standard insulated movable back (27). contact (34) and the metal parts of the jet system, and to the rear cylindrical bushing (29) a guide pin is secured, secured by the stopper (32) to the standard starting tube (25), and in the PKU (30), loading a retainer (33) locking the projectile (1) into the auxiliary starting tube (27).