BG65266B1 - Method for removing a cable core from a cable sheath - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for removing a cable core from a cable sheath, said cable core comprising a casing (8). A flowing medium (22) is introduced under pressure into the cable duct (9) atone end of the cable to reduce friction and a tension force (F) is exerted on the cable core at one end (5) of the cable (1). According to the invention, a method by which extant cable may have the cable core thereof released as rapidly and economically as possible may be achieved whereby the flowing medium is specifically introduced into the annular space between the inner side of the cable sheath and the casing (8) of the cable core.

Description

The invention relates to a method for separating a cable core from a cable armor to a cable.

The present invention relates particularly to underground telecommunication cables, which typically have a multiple core cable core and at least one of them has a complete sheath, for example by means of a paper sheath. Such a cable also has, in most cases, a rigid cable bumper made of lead, over which a steel layer and an additional fabric or plastic sheath may be placed. But the invention also relates to airborne cables, for example, high voltage telecommunication cables.

The term liquid medium includes gaseous, liquid or pasty media or mixtures thereof.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The rapid technical development of the telecommunications field necessitates the use of data wires through which high-speed data can be transmitted. In particular, it relies on low attenuation optical conductors through which a very wide low loss band can be carried. At present, especially after the liberalization of the nature of telecommunications, there is an ambition to replace old cable networks with new, powerful networks.

Putting new cable in the ground through heavy earthwork is very expensive and time consuming. This cannot be encouraged in today's competition in the telecommunications sector.

One method of refurbishing old cables is to strengthen them in the soil or to lay pipes in the cables, which are inserted when the existing cables are pulled out and in their place. The optical cable is then inserted into the pipes. The disadvantage is that the ground around the cable, respectively. the inserted pipe exerts too much resistance so that only small sections can be refurbished without earthwork.

One method for separating internal conductors from a cable is known, for example, from WO1982 / 000388 A1. In this known method, coaxial fluid is introduced into the cable under pressure to break the insulation material between the inner conductor and the screen and to separate it. The inner conductor can then be slightly pulled out of the cable. In the case of telecommunications cables with multiple internal conductors, the insulation is degraded by the use of appropriate substances, thereby facilitating the extraction of the internal conductor. In addition, it is envisaged to use milling cutters or cutting tools that fragment the cable's internal conductor and cut it accordingly. This known technology is very expensive and time consuming, respectively. generally unsuitable for telecommunication cables.

One prior art prior art is known from US 4 197 628 A, in which the soil of a cable section is disclosed and a sleeve is fastened about one end of the cable, the sleeve is closed tightly with a plug and a lubricant is inserted through the connecting piece into the plug. pressure 6 the cable core, leaving the lubricant outlet at the opposite end of the cable, and then stopping further feed of the lubricant. Then, in the usual way, the outer shell of the cable core is sucked in with the lubricant, thereby removing the cable core. In practice, this method could not be validated, since it is obvious that only relatively short cable sections can be drawn from it.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, the present invention is based on the task of creating a method of the aforementioned type whereby existing cables can be discharged from the cable core as quickly as possible and at a minimal cost so that the cable armor existing afterwards be used to lay new, data-carrying cables, such as fiber optic cables or the like, and on the other hand, the raw materials of the cable cores, in particular copper, can be used. The separation of the cable core must be as large as possible.

The object of the invention is solved in such a way that a fluid medium is intentionally introduced into the annular space between the inside of the cable bumper and the cable core sheath.

Preferably, during at least one stage of the introduction of liquid medium into the annular space or into the entire cable at the other end of the cable (the so-called distant cable end), it is not compacted so that the fluid pressure medium flows substantially into the annular space towards the distant cable end. Therefore, this step is hereinafter referred to as the "Liquid step".

Preferably, at least during one step of introducing the fluid medium, into the intermediate space or throughout the cable, it is sealed at the distal end so that the fluid medium presses and / or expands the cable armor. Therefore, this step is also referred to as a "shrinkage step", and it should be noted that during the liquid phase, (even large) shrinkage occurs.

In the context of the present method, it is particularly preferable to perform the two so-called separate steps, namely initially the fluid step and then the compression step. In fact, it is preferable for the liquid phase to end and then to begin the shrinkage phase when the fluid enters the remote cable end.

The liquid phase is primarily used to transport the fluid through the entire cable. One close examination shows that the fluid medium moves mainly in the longitudinal recesses of the cable core, which are determined by the structure of the cores. This does not always involve the use of boundary surfaces between the sheath and the inside of the cable armor throughout the circumference, but only in the small so-called recesses of the respective individual sections of the circumference. The next compression step, on the other hand, acts as a result of the higher compression of the cable core (and possibly the extension of the armor with the elastic armor cable), thereby extending the annular space along the entire circumference. this way, wet the entire boundary surface with a lubricant.

In the embodiments of the method in which the sheath of the drawn cable core is made as a coil, it is particularly preferred when the one to which the coil passes is used for the near cable end. In other words, in this case the fluid medium must flow in the direction of the coil in the annular space. The purposeful introduction of liquid medium into the annular space between the inside of the cable armor and the sheath is thus assisted when the liquid medium is introduced against the possibly existing direction of the core sheath winding. Often, the cable core sheath consists of a strip, in particular of paper that wraps around the cores overlapping. By inserting the fluid against the winding direction of this sheath, the penetration of the fluid inside the cable is effectively reduced. The method is facilitated by the fact that the fluid medium is introduced into the same end of the cable as that end of the cable into which the cable core is drawn (more precisely at the near end). In this way, the required installation work is only undertaken at one end of the cable. At the opposite end of the cable (more precisely the distal end), only the core seal and the termination of the cable end are taken. On the other hand, in the presence of a coiled core sheath, such as a coil-like paper sheath, the withdrawal of the core is assisted in the direction of the coil, since overlapping the coiled sheath does not act to spread it. As the core is pulled in the winding direction of the sheath, the tear of the sheath is reduced, thereby complicating the withdrawal process. Alternatively, however, the fluid medium may also be introduced into the other end of the cable, that end of the cable into which the core is drawn.

In the case of such sheaths wrapped around the cable core, it is particularly preferred to pull the cable hearts 3 at the cable end to which the winding develops and thus allow the pulling to proceed in the winding direction. To put it another way, it is especially preferable to use as the proximal end the one to which the coil is drawn and not only the liquid medium is introduced, but also the cable is drawn at that proximal end.

In one preferred embodiment, during at least one stage of the fluid injection, pressurized gas, preferably pressurized air, is introduced into the enclosed core core. In this way, a force is exerted from the inside out on the sheath, which can effectively prevent the fluid from flowing into the cable core. In this way, it creates a liquid medium acting on the shell, which improves the seal of the shell inside. In principle, these measures are taken during the liquid phase and / or the contraction phase thereto. Preferably, however, measures are taken only during the shrinkage stage, with a view, on the one hand, that the propagation of the fluid in the direction of the cable depth during the fluid phase is not impeded and, on the other hand, not to favor the creation of high pressure during the shrinkage phase. The pressure of the pressurized gas is generally lower than that by which the liquid medium is introduced, in order not to unduly prevent its flow in the direction of the cable depth and the shrinkage of the cable core.

In said embodiments, with a sheath filled, for example, arranged in the form of a paper wrapper, it is preferable, in principle, that the pressurized gas, preferably the pressurized air, can flow in the direction of the winding of the sheath inside the cable core. This contributes to the tightening of the overlaps of the winding and reduces the lacerations of the overlaps of the sheath by means of pressurized air, which could lead to a difficult withdrawal of the cable core from the cable pipe.

Preferably, a liquid medium, in particular an adhesive, is added to the pressurized gas, especially the pressurized air, which is thus introduced into the interior of the cable core. According to the design of the cable, an additive of liquid medium may be introduced to the pressurized gas, respectively. to the pressurized air, for a kind of adhesion of the overlaps of the shell, so that the penetration of the liquid medium into the cable medium becomes more difficult. Water, oil, or a specific adhesive may be used to moisten the pressurized gas, which will be mixed slightly to the pressurized gas. By means of additives of this kind, no hydraulic pressure should be created which would reduce the annular space, but rather adhere the overlaps of the coil to each other. In this case, the volume determined by the cable core must always be retainable, so that it is possible to retain the volume reduction through the fluid injected and, consequently, to increase the annular space between the shell and the interior of the cable armor. Composite adhesives with delayed curing, which should be particularly liquid, can be used as an adhesive.

The deliberate introduction of liquid medium into the annular space may preferably be accomplished in such a way that the interior of the cable core at the closest cable end is closed tightly relative to the fluid injected into the annular space so that at the near cable end no liquid medium can penetrate inside the cable medium. The liquid medium can then be bent at the front of the cable. However, it is also possible to discharge through further shaped radial openings in the cable armor.

If the remote cable end was simply closed without communication between the open end of the annular space and the open end of the interior of the cable core, then the liquid medium exiting the annular space could enter and flow back inside the cable core. to the near end. In order to avoid this, preferably at the remote cable end, the inside of the cable core is closed tightly with respect to the annular space so that liquid medium exiting the annular space cannot penetrate there.

In both cases, the tight closure of the inside of the cable core with respect to the annular space can be achieved by tightly positioning the core seal at the corresponding end of the cable core. The compaction of the core is preferably achieved by means of an elastic sheath which is applied to the open cores. For example, a vulcanizing tape may be used which, after insertion, causes self-adhesion and thus a tight sheath of the cores.

If the possibility of introducing pressurized air or venting the inside of the cable core is to be provided at the appropriate end, the core seal is preferably provided with a vent pipe.

In this way, the cable core is lined, at least at the adjacent cable end, so that no liquid medium entering its front side penetrates the cable core. In contrast, the fluid medium is deliberately introduced into the annular space between the interior of the cable armor and the sheath, whereby a force externally acts on the cable core, causing it to contract, thereby increasing the annular space and thus favoring full use. of the annular space and reduced friction at the draw. In this way, long lengths of old cables can be freed at a time from the inside of the cable cores. The lengths achieved depend, among other things, on the type and diameter of the cable, the number of cores in the core, the pressure that the fluid enters, the fluid used, and the characteristic of the curvature of the cable. By removing the core from the cable, its material, mainly copper, can be reused, or the resulting empty cable pipe can be used, for example, for laying new cables. Environmental risks arising from old cables are further reduced.

The liquid medium is preferably introduced into the cable prior to withdrawal of the cable core.

Additionally, the liquid medium may also be introduced into the cable during the withdrawal of the cable core.

When the cable core is provided at both ends with cable core seals prior to insertion of the fluid medium, fluid penetration into the remote cable end may also be avoided.

To check the tightness and permeability of the cable, pressurized air may be introduced into the cable core prior to the introduction of the liquid medium. To check the density during the intake of pressurized air, the pressure in the intake side of the pressurized air is measured. From the measured pressure value, it can be established that the pressure loss caused by an unplugged location of the cable. In such a case, the cable may be cut before the non-sealed space and a process may be undertaken to remove the core from the cable for a new cable piece.

In order to check the permeability of the cable during the injection of pressurized air, the pressure in the other side is measured, except that of the pressurized air intake. In this way, possible crushed areas of the cable can be identified. If such a very large crush makes it already possible to pull, then the cable is cut before such crush and then the process of removing the core for the new cable piece is undertaken.

During the introduction of the liquid medium, the distal end is preferably detected so that the air displaced through the liquid medium can be discharged.

Preferably, during insertion of the fluid medium, the cable core is tensioned to avoid axial slipping of the core during fluid insertion. Preferably, this tension can be accomplished, for example, through a pipe that serves to inject pressurized air into the cable core, wherein the tube is glued to the core cores and a certain force is exerted on the tube.

The introduction of the liquid medium is preferably then interrupted when it enters the other end of the cable. In this way, the amount of liquid medium is limited to the required volume.

According to another embodiment, after insertion of the fluid medium, the two ends of the cable are closed hermetically, the cable core is provided with an air pipe and additional pressure is exerted on the liquid medium. Through this step of the method, due to the compression already occurring in the liquid stage, the air inside the cable core is forced out through the vent pipe, thereby reducing the diameter of the cable core and thus facilitating substantially the use of the annular space and with that, and the core download. In the shrinkage step, it is preferable not to allow the cable core to be dehumidified and even to pressurize additional air, since the amount of displaced air volume here is relatively insignificant.

In order to reduce the torsion of the cable core during the withdrawal process and thus the possible increase in its diameter, it is preferable to provide it against torsion during the withdrawal process. This can be achieved, for example, by laying on a commonly used cuff that extends the cable core from the cable tube, which reduces the core twist.

Alternatively, it may be preferable during the drawing process to bend the core in a possible direction of the winding of the cores, as this will reduce the diameter of the core and thus not have a blocking effect on the drawing process. .

In order for the liquid medium to be further used after the withdrawal process, it is preferable to pull it at one end of the cable, discard it and collect it. Disposal is carried out in a simplified manner, for example by means of an elastic ring which passes through the sheath and thus discharges the liquid medium and then flows further into, for example, a collecting funnel and then into a container.

In order for the liquid medium to be reused in a particularly large part, it is provided at the remote end of the cable that the liquid medium is transported jointly through the cable during the process of pulling the core. This can be achieved, for example, by a piston-like one connected to one end of the core, an element that transports the fluid through the cable armor to the near end of the cable, where, as mentioned above, it is captured by a collecting funnel and leaks out. further in a container.

In order to minimize damage to the cable armor during the withdrawal process, the cable armor at one end where the core is drawn out is preferably secured against torsion. For example, securing against torsion can be achieved by means of a cuff with a cross-section within it.

The process of separating the core from the armor can be aided by the pressure exerted on the distal end of the core during the withdrawal of the core. In this way, the tensile force can be reduced to a lower value, thereby reducing the risk of core breakage. In addition, the cable length that can be released from the core at one time is increased by aiding the pull process.

The compressive force may then be introduced by injecting the fluid into the other end of the cable from which the core is drawn. In this case, a relatively large amount of liquid medium is required.

According to another embodiment, the tensile force is transmitted to the core via a terminal attached to the core. This is a simple way of carrying out the process according to the invention.

Also, the tensile force on the core can be applied by means of a motor-driven shaft around which the core is repeatedly wound. In this case, a sufficient length of the core is revealed and rammed around a motor-driven shaft, drum or the like so that sufficient friction is obtained and the rotational motion of the shaft, drum or the like can transmit tensile force to the core.

To further facilitate core withdrawal, respectively. to achieve greater lengths of the extracted core, according to an additional feature of the method, the introduced gas, and respectively. the introduced fluid contains an additional lubricant or the liquid medium is independently formed by a lubricant. The lubricant may in this case be in liquid or solid form. When using pressurized gas into the cable, it is appropriate to introduce a nebulized lubricant.

When a thixotropic fluid is used as a lubricant, unwanted penetration of the fluid into the core, respectively, can be prevented. to reduce. Thixotropic fluids have a viscosity-dependent sliding force, which can help to eliminate the liquid environment. Thixotropic properties have, for example, lubricating soaps or oils with certain additives. In addition to the thixotropic properties, lubricants, respectively. Liquid media themselves should be cheap and also ideally biodegradable.

Below the replacement of the old core, for example, by means of a fiber optic data cable, it may be further facilitated and accelerated when at least one new cable or a similar cable is pulled into the core tube.

Explanations of the drawings attached

The present invention is explained in greater detail by way of exemplary embodiments and these illustrative drawings. This displays:

Figure 1 shows the use of an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention in an underground cable, side view;

Figure 2a shows the end of the cable in accordance with detail II of FIG. 1 during a first step of the method;

Figure 2b shows the end of the cable during fluid injection;

Fig. 2c is the end of the cable corresponding to detail II according to Figs. 1, prior to the start of the core download;

FIG. 2d is a side view of the cable end of FIG. 2c;

Figure 3a shows the other end of the cable corresponding to part III of FIG. 1 for the time of the method of FIG. 2a;

Fig. 3b is the end of the cable corresponding to detail III of Figs. 1, during fluid injection;

3c is the end of the cable corresponding to part III according to FIG. 1, before withdrawal of the core;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a frame for withdrawing the core with a device for protecting against core torsion; FIG.

Figure 5 is a longitudinal section through a coiled cable.

Examples of carrying out the invention

Figure 1 shows cable 1 as used, for example, in telecommunications, which is typically grounded. To use the method according to the invention in a specific place, the so-called starting shaft 3, the cable 1 is released and separated. At a certain distance from the initial shaft 3, for example 100 or 200 tons, a so-called withdrawal shaft 4 is constructed and the cable 1 is also released and separated. In this way, one piece of cable 1 is given a definite length, with one located in the starting shaft end 5, and one located in the withdrawal shaft 4 end 6.

With reference to FIG. 2a to 2b, respectively. For up to 3c showing detail P, respectively. III of FIG. 1 in an enlarged image during the various steps of the method, a further embodiment of the method according to the invention is explained in further detail. The cable usually has a plurality of strands 7 which are made of solid copper or copper braid and the insulation of the strand, such as paper or plastic. In addition, strands of strands may be covered by additional paper or plastic insulations. Finally, the core 7 is enclosed in a sheath 8, preferably paper or plastic. The cores 7 with the sheath 8 and in some cases additional inner sheaths, longitudinal filaments, etc., together form the cable core. In order to protect the core from external mechanical and chemical influences, a fixed armor 9, which may be of lead, is installed. Above the inner bumper 9, there is usually an additional metal layer 10, mainly of steel, in particular of a steel sheet formed in the form of a winding, which gives the cable 1 additional protection against mechanical influences. Outside the steel layer 10, additional insulation 11 may be provided, for example from oil-soaked fabric or plastic, which protects the steel armor from environmental influences. Together, the metal layers 9 through 11 form the cable armor. The core of the sheath 8 is substantially disposed throughout the circumference of the inside of the cable armor, with the cable armor partially covering the cable core, even with a known voltage. The “annular space” between the cable core and the cable bumper must be understood to mean the space between two boundary surfaces (outer of the cable core and the inner of the cable bumper), whereby the radial arrangement of the annular space, due to the direct contact of the boundary surfaces, may to be arbitrarily small. The end of cable 1 in the starting shaft 3 forms the so-called near cable end 5, the end of cable 1 in the withdrawal shaft 4, conversely, forms the so-called remote cable end 6. At the nearby cable end 5 in the starting shaft 3 at the end of hereinafter, the method of drawing the cable core on it exerts a tensile force.

To carry out the method, the proximal end 5 from which the core is to be drawn is released from the insulation, at a certain length from the cable armor, separating the insulation 11, the steel armor 10, as well as the lead armor 9, so that the cable core , and thus the strands 7 and the sheath 8 protrude at a certain length from the cable 1. As a further step of the method, which is clearly understood in FIG. 2a is a supply air and a vent pipe 12 in which the cable core is closed and preferably glued thereto. Then, the end of the cable core, together with its enclosure 8, is enclosed by a core seal 13, for example, a self-vulcanizing rubber band, so that, in the near cable end 5, an airtight and tight closure of the cable core is preferably obtained.

The vulcanizing tape has the advantage that it is adhered to the sheath 8, respectively. with the supply air and the breather tube 12 and thus a tight seal can be obtained. Finally, through the proximal end 5, a sleeve 14 is made, which is, for example, metal. The sleeve 14 may be provided with a sleeve 15 through which glue can be injected so that the annular space between the inside of the sleeve 14 and the outside of the cable armor is filled with glue and a guaranteed connection of the sleeve 14 with the cable armor is achieved. For example, a two-component adhesive can be used as an adhesive, which provides a fast and reliable bond. The sleeve 14 serves to stabilize and secure the cable armor in order to avoid damage from the very high axial force when injecting the fluid under pressure, respectively. the late removal of the cable core from the cable bumper.

According to FIG. For the remote end 6 in the draw shaft 4, just as the closest cable end 5 is cut off, released from the armor and is filled with supply air and a vent pipe 12 and then the cable core is filled with a core seal 13. Finally around the cable armor bushing 14 is also inserted and sealed.

In other (not shown) exemplary embodiments, a supply and deaeration pipe is not provided in the adjacent cable end 5. However, the core seal 13 here also closes the inside of the cable core tightly against fluid penetration.

According to FIG. 2b, in the adjacent cable end 5 of cable 1, a cover 17 is then mounted above the sleeve 14 and firmly connected thereto. This connection is preferably achieved through a thread 18 on the outside of the sleeve 14, on which the cover 17 is screwed. If necessary, additional sealing material may be used. The lid 17 in some cases in the middle of its front side has a team 19 through which the inlet and deaeration pipe 12 can be pushed. An additional opening 20 is formed in the bumper of the cylindrical part of the lid 17 through which the feed pipe 21 is connected to the liquid pipe. environment, respectively. lubricant 22. As can be seen schematically from FIG.

1, the supply tube 21 is connected to a pump 23, which in turn is connected to a container 24 for the lubricant 22. In the case of a fluid medium winding 8 or a winding 8, respectively. the lubricant 22 is preferably introduced against the winding direction of the sheath 8 (for determining the winding direction of the sheath: see Fig. 5), so that the overlaps of the winding are purposefully closed, thus avoiding the introduction of liquid medium or respectively. of lubricant 22 from the annular space in the cable core. In the case of packed 8, the cable core is further preferably pulled in the winding direction, since the overlaps of the winding 8 during the drawing process do not break apart and spread out against the pull movement.

The liquid medium, respectively. the lubricant 22 preferably has a low density compared to the volume enclosed by the shell 8. As liquid media, as mentioned above, gaseous, liquid or pasty media or mixtures thereof are used. The inlet or vent pipe 12 is secured to the cover 17 by a corresponding flange 27, whereby a tensile force can be applied to the inlet and vent tube 12 so that the core is pre-stressed. Theoretically, the opening 20 may be positioned instead of the lid 17, also in the sleeve 14, respectively. a corresponding extension of the sleeve 14 and from there to insert the lubricant 22. Of course, the sleeve 14 is designed as a connecting piece, since for structural reasons it is preferably located in the lid 17, which can be reused. The bushing 14, after removal of the cable core from the cable 1, can serve as a connecting piece for reconnecting the cable piece if the cable 1 is used again as a tube for, for example, an optical cable or the like.

As will be understood from FIG. 3b to the remote cable end 6, a cover 17 is mounted and the inlet and vent pipe 12 is fixed in the cover 17 with a corresponding flange 24. The opening 20 in the cover 17 and the inlet and vent pipe 12 are first released. If it is necessary to release pressurized air inside the cable core, the supply and deaeration duct 12 may be connected through a conduit 25 to a compressor 26 to create compressed air (Fig. 1).

In order to carry out the actual method, pressurized air is blown through the supply and dehumidifier pipe 12 inside the cable core and the pressure at the other end of the cable is controlled by means of a pressure gauge 28. The cable 1 is checked for permeability by means of this measurement. Usually with the aid of a pressure device provided in a pressure air compressor or respectively. the pressurized air connection 25, it may be further verified that cable 1 is tight, as a breakthrough could be detected by insufficient pressure rise. After checking the density and permeability cable, the end of the inlet and vent pipe 12 at the adjacent cable end 5 is closed, for example, with a rotating device (not shown) that screws into the inlet and vent pipe 12.

Now begins the actual method and in fact the so-called liquid phase. In this case, a lubricating medium 22 is introduced through the inlet pipe 21 through the opening 20, whereby the annular gap in the remote cable end 6 is opened. The lubricant 22 penetrates purposefully into the annular space between the lead armor 9 and the sheath 8 and flows in the direction of the length of the cable to the remote cable end 6 without the danger that the lubricant 22 will penetrate the cable core. The inside of the cable core, already during the liquid phase, can be charged with pressurized air. Preferably, under one winding 7, the pressurized air is introduced from the remote cable end 6 in order to stream the pressurized air purposely to close the overlaps of the winding rather than to disperse them. The pressure inside the cable core compresses the overlaps on one another and thus makes it difficult for the lubricant 22 to penetrate into the cable core. By adding liquid medium to the injected pressurized air, overlapping of the overlaps with the enclosure can be achieved. 8. The liquid medium is a water, oil or a certain adhesive substance that is added in a particularly small amount to the pressurized air. Finally, the lubricant opens the path through the annular space between the lead armor 9 and the sheath 8 to the remote cable end 6. Once the lubricant 22 exits the hole 20 in the cover 17 into the remote cable end 6, the annular space 6 of the remote cable end 6 becomes impermeable and in in fact, by closing the opening 20, the so-called shrinkage step begins. In this case, the continuous injection of lubricant 22 no longer serves primarily to transport the lubricant 22 through the annular space on the cable 1 (this naturally causes the cable core to shrink), but rather serves to create pressure in the annular space. as the distal end of the annular space is now closed. During the preceding fluid phase, the lubricant 22 preferably moves only in the longitudinal recesses of the sheath 8 (which is obtained from the core structure of the cable core) and, therefore, the boundary surface between the sheath 8 does not become wet throughout the circumference , resulting in a (further) shrinkage of the cable core (and possibly extension of the cable armor when it is not rigid enough), whereby the lubricant 22 now wets said d. Anic surface all around. When sufficient pressure is created, the lubricant injection process is stopped. The pressure exertion on the lubricant 22 is then terminated when the pressure remains substantially stable and no further contraction of the cable core is possible. The lubricant 22 may be added to the fluid medium or the fluid medium itself is formed by a lubricant 22. The pressure on the lubricant 22 depends on the construction of the cable 1, its length, and various other factors. Finally, liquid media are also suitable in which the sliding agent is bonded to a solvent which dissolves after a long time. This facilitates the introduction of liquid medium by dissolving with a solvent and finally, after dissolving the solvent from the dense remaining sliding agent, an improved sliding effect is obtained.

Finally, in accordance with FIG. 2c, in the near cable end 5, screw the lid 17 and remove the supply and deaeration pipe 12. Then, a separating device 29 for the lubricant 22 is fastened through the nearby cable end 5, which can for example be done using the thread 18 in the sleeve 14 The separating device 29 is substantially formed as a ring and an elastic edge that touches the sheath 8, so that the lubricant 22 is cleaned by pulling the cable core from the sheath 8 and by gravity flowing down, where it can be pulled down. ere through a proper funnel and container (not pictured) and reuse 6 heavily. Finally, one terminal 30 is firmly secured through the core seal 13 and a tensile force is exerted on this terminal 30 in the direction of arrow F.

The cover 17 is also removed at the remote end 6 of cable 1. With the sealing of the core 13, one or more piston elements can be inserted into the remote cable end 7, for example, by means of remote elements holding the cable core 32 away, which when pulling the cable core the core of the cable takes the lubricant 22 with it, so that it exits at the end 5 of the cable 1 and is cleaned through the disconnect device where it can be collected and reused. When pulling the cable core from the cable armor, it is advisable to secure the cable core against twisting. This can be done in various ways, for example by means of brackets 33 or crossbars that are secured in the terminal 30 and thus make a single twist impossible. Additionally, sliding sleeves 34 can be secured to the brackets 33 which slide at the bottom during the core withdrawal process (see FIG. 4). In addition, it is also advisable to secure the cable 1 against torsion, which in a similar manner as shown in FIG. 4, can be realized by means of a mounting bracket 14 or crossbars mounted on the sleeve. As the cable core is pulled out, a new cable, such as a modern fiber optic cable or the like, can be connected to the end of the cable core at the remote cable end 6 and thus is simultaneously a download process, now in a single tube armor cable, to download the new cable.

In order to avoid damage to the sheath 8 at the adjacent cable end 5, the cable core is preferably drawn to a certain length exactly from the cable armor before a purposeful change of direction is made, for example, to bring the cable core from the starting shaft 3 down. on the corresponding winding device (not shown).

In FIG. 5 defines the definition of "winding direction" as a longitudinal section. By winding a strip around the bundle of strands 7 along the longitudinal section, flake-like overlaps are obtained, whereby the initially wound winding is always partially overlapped by the next winding. The winding direction extends along the cable 1 and is in the direction in which the winding during production develops. In FIG. 5, the winding direction is given by arrow W. The preferred direction of insertion of the lubricant is opposite to the direction of arrow W, so that, through the flow of lubricant, the overlapping closes the tape formed by the strip 8. The preferred direction for the injection of pressurized air into the enclosed space. the interior of the cable core is the winding direction in the direction of the arrow W, since the overlapping thus closes rather than open the tape formed by the strip 8. Finally, the preferred direction of withdrawal of the cable core is again given in the direction of arrow W, since the overlapping of the ribbon-formed sheath 8 during withdrawal closes.

The drawings show only an exemplary embodiment of the invention. Within the claims, design changes and differences in the course of the method are possible.

Claims

Claims (33)

1. A method for separating a cable core from a cable armor to a cable (1), which cable core has a sheath (8) whereby at the end of the cable (1), the so-called closest end (5), is inserted into the cable tube a pressure medium (22) to reduce friction and to the cable core at one end of the cable is exerted by a tensile force (F), characterized in that the fluid medium (22) is intentionally inserted into the annular space between the inside of the cable armor and cable core sheath. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least during one part of the fluid insertion step (22), the annular space or the entire cable (1) is not sealed in the remote cable end (6), so that the liquid medium (22), which is substantially pressurized into the annular space, flows to the distal cable end (6), thereby forming the so-called liquid phase. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the annular space or the entire cable (1) is sealed at the remote cable end (6) during at least one part of the fluid injection step (22). that the pressurized fluid medium (22) shrinks the cable core and / or the cable armor expands, thereby forming a so-called shrinkage step. The method according to claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the liquid step is first carried out and then the shrinkage step. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that after the liquid medium (22) enters the remote cable end (6), the liquid phase ends and the shrinkage phase begins. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in the case of a cable (1) in which the core (8) of the cable core is formed as a winding, this cable end (5) is used , to which the winding develops, so that the fluid medium (22) moves in the direction of the winding in the annular space. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in the case of a cable (1) in which the core (8) of the cable core is formed as a winding, the cable core is pulled at the cable end to which it passes. the coil, thereby moving in the direction of the coil. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least during the fluid injection step (22), especially during the shrinkage step, the cable enclosure (8) enters the inside of the cable a pressurized gas, in particular pressurized air, is introduced into the core, thereby creating a counterpressure against the introduced fluid (22) acting internally on the liner (8). Method according to claim 8, characterized in that in the case of a cable (1) in which the sheath (8) of the cable core is made as a coil, the pressurized gas is introduced into that cable end from which the coil is removed, thus that the pressurized gas flows in the direction of the coil inside the cable core. A method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that a liquid medium (22), in particular adhesive, is added to the pressurized gas and thus inserted into the core of the cable. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the interior of the cable core at the adjacent cable end (5) is closed tightly with respect to the fluid injected into the annular space (22) so that the nearby cable end (5) the fluid medium (22) cannot penetrate into the cable core. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the interior of the cable core at the distal end (6) is closed tightly with respect to the annular space so that in the distal cable end (6) it extends from the annular space liquid medium (22) cannot penetrate inside the cable core. A method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the tight closure of the inside of the cable core by bearing the annular space is achieved by tightly placing a core seal on the end of the cable core. Method according to claim 13, characterized in that the core seal is provided with a vent pipe (12) for venting the inside of the cable core. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the fluid medium (22) is introduced into the cable prior to withdrawal of the cable core. Method according to claim 15, characterized in that the fluid medium (22) is introduced into the cable during the withdrawal of the cable core. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the inside of the cable core at both ends (5 and 6) of the cable (1) is closed tightly with respect to the annular fluid (22) before insertion. space. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the density of the cable (1) is checked with compressed air before injection of the liquid medium (22). Method according to one of Claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the leakage of the cable (1) is checked with compressed air before injection of the liquid medium (22). Method according to one of Claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the cable core is tensioned during the insertion of the liquid core (22). 21. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the cable core is secured against twisting during the pulling process. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the cable core during the drawing process is preferably curved in a possible helical direction from. the wires in the cable core. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 22, characterized in that at the end of the cable (1) in which the cable core is pulled during the withdrawal process, the liquid medium (22) is collected and collected . Method according to one of Claims 1 to 23, characterized in that at the other end of the cable (1), other than that at which the cable core is drawn, the fluid medium (22) moves during the withdrawal from the cable core, for example, with a piston element connected to the end of the cable core. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that the cable armor is secured against torsion during the pulling process at the end where the cable core is drawn. 26. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that a compressive force is exerted during the pull-out process to assist in pulling the core at the end of the cable-oriented core. 27. A method according to claim 26, characterized in that the compression force is introduced by means of a pressurized liquid propellant injected on the withdrawal side of the cable core. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 27, characterized in that the pulling force is transmitted to the cable core via a terminal (30) which is secured to the cable core. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that the pulling force is introduced onto the cable core by a motor-driven shaft about which the cable core is repeatedly wound. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 29, characterized in that the liquid medium (22) contains an additional lubricant. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 0, characterized in that the liquid medium (22) is itself formed by a lubricant. A method according to claim 30 or 31, characterized in that the lubricant is formed by a thixotropic liquid. 33. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 32, characterized in that at least one new cable, or a similar cable in the cable armor, is passed simultaneously with the withdrawal of the core. Attachment: 5 figures